387:. In popular culture and among professional con men, the human vulnerabilities that cons exploit are depicted as "dishonesty", "greed", and "gullibility" of the marks. Dishonesty, often represented by the expression "you can't cheat an honest man", refers to the willingness of marks to participate in unlawful acts, such as rigged gambling and embezzlement. Greed, the desire to "get something for nothing", is a shorthand expression of marks' beliefs that too-good-to-be-true gains are realistic. Gullibility reflects beliefs that marks are "suckers" and "fools" for entering into costly voluntary exchanges. Judicial opinions occasionally echo these sentiments.
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239:(1821–1856) was the original "confidence man". Thompson was a clumsy swindler who asked his victims to express confidence in him by giving him money or their watch rather than gaining their confidence in a more nuanced way. A few people trusted Thompson with their money and watches. Thompson was arrested in July 1849. Reporting about this arrest, James Houston, a reporter for the
219:) is a scam that unfolds over several days or weeks; it may involve a team of swindlers, and even props, sets, extras, costumes, and scripted lines. It aims to rob the victim of a huge amount of money or other valuables, often by getting them to empty out banking accounts and borrow from family members.
306:
A sudden manufactured crisis or change of events forces the victim to act or make a decision immediately. This is the point at which the con succeeds or fails. With a financial scam, the con artist may tell the victim that the "window of opportunity" to make a large investment in the scheme is about
410:
received 847,376 reports in 2021 with a reported loss of money of $ 6.9 billion in the US alone. The Global Anti Scam
Alliance annual Global State of Scam Report, stated that globally $ 47.8 billion was lost and the number of reported scams increased from 139 million in 2019 to 266 million in 2020.
313:
A conspirator (in on the con, but assumes the role of an interested bystander) puts an amount of money into the same scheme as the victim, to add an appearance of legitimacy. This can reassure the victim, and give the con man greater control when the deal has been
322:" step, particularly those involving a fake, but purportedly "rare item" of "great value". This usually includes the use of an accomplice who plays the part of an uninvolved (initially skeptical) third party, who later confirms the claims made by the con man.
122:. Researchers have defined confidence tricks as "a distinctive species of fraudulent conduct ... intending to further voluntary exchanges that are not mutually beneficial", as they "benefit con operators ('con men') at the expense of their victims (the '
210:
A short con or "small con" is a fast swindle which takes just minutes, possibly seconds. It typically aims to rob the victim of his money or other valuables which they carry on their person or are guarding. A "long con" or "big con" (also, chiefly
669:
This language blog, while not a reliable etymological source, provides statistically gathered usage data that demonstrates neutral as well as critical usage, and that it is of
British origin, only recently making notable inroads into American
263:, Edward H. Smith lists the "six definite steps or stages of growth" of a confidence game. He notes that some steps may be omitted. It is also possible some can be done in a different order than the one shown or carried out simultaneously.
245:, publicized Thompson by naming him the "Confidence Man". Although Thompson was an unsuccessful scammer, he gained the reputation as a genius operator mostly because Houston's satirical tone was not understood as such. The
374:
tend to show an incautious level of greed and gullibility, and many con artists target the elderly and other people thought to be vulnerable, using various forms of confidence tricks. Researchers Huang and Orbach argue:
426:
414:
Government organizations have set up online fraud reporting websites to build awareness about online scams and help victims make reporting of online fraud easier. Examples are in the United States (
288:
The victim receives a small payout as a demonstration of the scheme's purported effectiveness. This may be a real amount of money or faked in some way (including physically or electronically). In a
2415:
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The victim is given an opportunity to profit from participating in a scheme. The victim's greed is encouraged, such that their rational judgment of the situation might be impaired.
370:. As such, there is no consistent profile of a confidence trick victim; the common factor is simply that the victim relies on the good faith of the con artist. Victims of
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Preparations are made in advance of the game, including the hiring of any assistants required and studying the background knowledge needed for the role.
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433:), Netherlands (FraudeHelpdesk). In addition, several private, non-profit initiatives have been set up to combat online fraud like
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194:, hustler, or swindler. The intended victims are known as marks, suckers, stooges, mugs, rubes, or gulls (from the word
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coined the term "confidence game" a few weeks after
Houston first used the name "confidence man".
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190:. The perpetrator is often referred to as a scammer, confidence man (or con man), con artist,
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The Mark Inside: A Perfect
Swindle, a Cunning Revenge, and a Small History of the Big Con
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Braucher, Jean; Orbach, Barak (2015). "Scamming: The
Misunderstood Confidence Man".
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attempts to raise £100,000 for a college in Sudan by calling on the name of
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Fraud Victim Advice / Assistance for
Consumer Scams and Investment Frauds
730:
499:
486:
456:
343:
958:
The
Fraudsters: Sharks and Charlatans – How Con Artists Make Their Money
939:
The World's
Greatest Crooks and Conmen and other mischievous malefactors
94:. Confidence tricks exploit victims using a combination of the victim's
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3000:
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Commission for the
Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
2110:
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2022:
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Cons succeed for inducing judgment errors—chiefly, errors arising from
351:
335:
228:
111:
103:
1608:
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834:"Scammers are Winning: € 41.3 ($ 47.8) Billion lost in Scams, up 15%"
367:
3035:
2710:
2032:
1960:
1920:
1901:
1423:
471:
355:
95:
1081:
The Big Con: The Story of the
Confidence Man and the Confidence Game
594:
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134:
Other terms for "scam" (aside from "confidence trick") include
107:
2922:
2853:
2305:
1965:
1790:
1350:
595:"Con Men and Their Enablers: The Anatomy of Confidence Games"
363:
199:
119:
1207:
The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection
1056:
862:
30:
Several terms redirect here. For the film of year 2016, see
1702:
347:
292:
con, the victim is allowed to win several small bets. In a
2341:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
2538:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
758:
Confessions of a Confidence Man: A Handbook for Suckers
2335:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
2294:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
2276:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
1040:
The Confidence Game: Why We Fall for It...Every Time
198:). When accomplices are employed, they are known as
2477:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
330:Confidence tricks exploit characteristics such as
1060:History's Greatest Deceptions and Confidence scams
915:
761:. Scientific American Publishing. pp. 35–37.
3680:
2899:
863:"ScamAlert - Bringing you the latest scam info"
402:Fraud has rapidly adapted to the Internet. The
2445:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
2312:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
2243:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
1144:Soapy Smith: The Life and Death of a Scoundrel
978:Lies! Lies!! Lies!!!: The Psychology of Deceit
716:
2885:
2650:
2636:
1806:
1334:
1105:. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher.
2548:United Nations Convention against Corruption
2528:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
999:Crimes of Persuasion: Schemes, scams, frauds
712:
710:
708:
706:
90:a person or group after first gaining their
2586:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
2421:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
2265:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
599:Social Research: An International Quarterly
592:
3643:Criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
2892:
2878:
2643:
2629:
2433:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
2329:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
1813:
1799:
1341:
1327:
1161:
429:), Singapore (ScamAlert), United Kingdom (
1037:
1023:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
995:
703:
588:
586:
2363:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
1057:Lazaroff, Steven; Rodger, Mark (2018) .
1016:
936:
916:Bell, J. Bowyer; Whaley, Barton (1982).
831:
719:Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities
482:Confidence tricks in film and television
325:
52:
2405:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
2270:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
1119:
1063:. Rodger & Laz Publishing S.E.N.C.
750:
748:
679:
14:
3681:
2493:Freedom of information laws by country
2410:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
1186:Con Man: A Master Swindler's Own Story
1098:
1077:
955:
654:
642:
593:Huang, Lindsey; Orbach, Barak (2018).
583:
276:The victim is approached or contacted.
2873:
2624:
2357:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
2299:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
2228:International Anti-Corruption Academy
1794:
1322:
1203:
1165:The Professional Thief (reprint 1989)
1140:
919:Cheating and Deception (reprint 1991)
754:
3542:High-yield investment program (HYIP)
2576:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
2571:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
2352:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
2282:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
1182:
974:
812:Internet Crime Complaint Center, FBI
745:
27:Attempt to defraud a person or group
3532:Foundation for New Era Philanthropy
2498:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
2393:National Anticorruption Directorate
2387:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
648:
318:In addition, some games require a "
24:
2223:Group of States Against Corruption
1348:
909:
667:from the original on July 7, 2014.
496:(novel) – fictional religious cons
25:
3715:
2399:Investigative Committee of Russia
1225:
1183:Weil, J.R. "Yellow Kid" (1948) .
1162:Sutherland, Edwin Hardin (1937).
2591:Russian anti-corruption campaign
2581:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
2488:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
1775:
1774:
1242:
1231:
1084:. Bobbs Merrill / Anchor Books.
821:from the original on 2022-03-22.
3597:Saradha Group financial scandal
2427:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
2288:National Supervisory Commission
1168:. University of Chicago Press.
880:
855:
844:from the original on 2022-05-17
825:
765:from the original on 2023-01-15
625:from the original on 2023-01-15
477:Confidence tricks in literature
441:(2004) and ScamAdviser (2012).
404:Internet Crime Complaint Center
391:
261:Confessions of a Confidence Man
2375:Investigation Task Force Sweep
2369:National Accountability Bureau
1841:Corruption in local government
1829:Corruption in different fields
1820:
1256:"Arrest of the Confidence Man"
832:Greening, James (2021-12-07).
797:
776:
685:
673:
636:
550:Scams in intellectual property
296:con, the victim is given fake
129:
13:
1:
2951:1992 Indian stock market scam
2483:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
2381:Central Anticorruption Bureau
1210:. Columbia University Press.
1147:. Juneau: Klondike Research.
805:"Internet Crime Report, 2021"
576:
555:Social engineering (security)
3226:Strip search phone call scam
3041:Extraterrestrial real estate
2543:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
2533:International asset recovery
2317:Central Vigilance Commission
1872:Corruption Perceptions Index
1239:travel guide from Wikivoyage
655:Yagoda, Ben (June 5, 2012).
216:
7:
3101:Intellectual property scams
3091:Indian coal allocation scam
2900:Scams and confidence tricks
2817:Related manipulation topics
2601:2017–2019 Romanian protests
1284:Confidence tricks in China.
1102:The American Confidence Man
1017:Kaminski, Marek M. (2004).
444:
44:Con artist (disambiguation)
10:
3720:
3694:Psychological manipulation
3587:Pyramid schemes in Albania
3547:Investors Overseas Service
3479:Website reputation ratings
2606:2017–2018 Russian protests
2238:Transparency International
2213:Global Financial Integrity
1078:Maurer, David W. (1999) .
975:Ford, Charles V. (1999) .
922:. Transaction Publishers.
395:
307:to suddenly close forever.
222:
36:Counterfeit consumer goods
29:
3625:
3617:Welsh Thrasher faith scam
3562:Madoff investment scandal
3487:
3289:
3056:Foreclosure rescue scheme
2941:
2905:
2816:
2770:
2719:
2658:
2652:Manipulation (psychology)
2566:2011 Azerbaijani protests
2556:
2516:
2467:
2458:
2251:
2205:
2196:
2151:
2053:
2043:Offshore financial centre
1894:
1885:
1864:
1846:Interest group corruption
1828:
1765:
1658:
1622:
1525:
1499:
1357:
1099:Maurer, David W. (1974).
1038:Konnikova, Maria (2016).
937:Blundell, Nigel (1984) .
755:Smith, Edward H. (1923).
425:), Australia (ScamWatch
254:
205:
3704:Organized crime activity
3612:Stanford Financial Group
3417:Russian Business Network
3206:Slavery reparations scam
2508:Whistleblower protection
1996:Cryptocurrency and crime
981:. American Psychiatric.
783:Crimes-of-persuasion.com
645:, Ch. 8. Short-Con Games
423:Federal Trade Commission
34:. For counterfeits, see
3582:Petters Group Worldwide
2732:Character assassination
1877:Economics of corruption
1266:. Police Intelligence.
996:Henderson, Les (2000).
956:Dillon, Eamon (2008) .
661:Not One-off Britishisms
248:National Police Gazette
231:dates back at least to
3276:White van speaker scam
3241:Technical support scam
3216:SSA impersonation scam
3171:Redemption/A4V schemes
3096:IRS impersonation scam
3061:Foreign exchange fraud
2503:UK Bribery Act of 2010
2259:Oficina Anticorrupción
2008:Noble cause corruption
1865:Measures of corruption
1289:"Prepaid funeral scam"
1204:Zhang, Yingyu (2017).
565:Technical support scam
560:SSA impersonation scam
462:Boiler room (business)
389:
75:
38:. For other uses, see
3076:Get-rich-quick scheme
3066:Fortune telling fraud
2834:Internet manipulation
2720:Negative manipulation
2659:Positive manipulation
2233:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
2013:Professional courtesy
1976:Honest services fraud
1414:Intellectual property
1120:Reading, Amy (2012).
960:. Merlin Publishing.
892:www.fraudehelpdesk.nl
611:10.1353/sor.2018.0050
381:imperfect information
377:
326:Vulnerability factors
57:Political cartoon by
56:
48:Scam (disambiguation)
3552:Kapa investment scam
3372:Internet vigilantism
3362:Email authentication
3337:Cryptocurrency scams
3231:Swampland in Florida
2197:Institutions dealing
1931:Conflict of interest
1856:Political corruption
1301:"To Catch a Con Man"
1251:at Wikimedia Commons
1141:Smith, Jeff (2009).
1020:Games Prisoners Play
731:10.2139/ssrn.2314071
285:Pay-off or convincer
3656:Film and television
3377:Lenny anti-scam bot
3281:Work-at-home scheme
3246:Telemarketing fraud
3106:Kansas City Shuffle
3031:Embarrassing cheque
2839:Market manipulation
2038:Offshore investment
682:, Ch. 1. Confidence
515:List of con artists
86:, is an attempt to
3607:Scott W. Rothstein
3502:Aman Futures Group
3021:Coin rolling scams
3016:Coin-matching game
2844:Media manipulation
2824:Crowd manipulation
2798:Influence-for-hire
2771:Other manipulation
2701:Predatory marriage
2439:Warioba Commission
2377:(Papua New Guinea)
2121:Regulatory capture
1926:Commercial bribery
1757:White-collar crime
1623:Government-related
1276:"Book of Swindles"
1260:The Lost Museum, (
1189:. Broadway Books.
788:2007-04-15 at the
570:White-collar crime
76:
3689:Confidence tricks
3676:
3675:
3638:Confidence tricks
3357:Domain name scams
3256:Thai zig zag scam
3121:Miracle cars scam
2944:confidence tricks
2942:Notable scams and
2867:
2866:
2808:Spin (propaganda)
2788:Good cop, bad cop
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2454:
2453:
2192:
2191:
2169:Election security
2116:Political scandal
1851:Police corruption
1788:
1787:
1526:Financial-related
1249:Confidence tricks
1247:Media related to
941:. Octopus Books.
510:Hijacked journals
148:confidence scheme
66:Herbert Kitchener
16:(Redirected from
3711:
3507:Bernard Cornfeld
3469:Stock Generation
3397:Referer spoofing
3261:Three-card monte
3251:Thai tailor scam
3211:Spanish Prisoner
3141:Overpayment scam
3081:Green goods scam
2981:Black money scam
2966:Art student scam
2961:Advance-fee scam
2956:2G spectrum case
2894:
2887:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2829:Confidence trick
2762:Social rejection
2645:
2638:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2465:
2464:
2203:
2202:
2184:Vote suppression
2071:Crony capitalism
2001:Hawala and crime
1991:Money laundering
1971:Graft (politics)
1951:Confidence trick
1892:
1891:
1886:Forms or aspects
1815:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1358:Business-related
1343:
1336:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1310:. Archived from
1296:
1283:
1271:
1246:
1235:
1221:
1200:
1179:
1158:
1137:
1116:
1095:
1074:
1053:
1034:
1013:
1002:. Coyote Ridge.
992:
971:
952:
933:
903:
902:
900:
898:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
859:
853:
852:
850:
849:
829:
823:
822:
820:
809:
801:
795:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
752:
743:
742:
714:
701:
700:
695:. Archived from
689:
683:
677:
671:
668:
652:
646:
640:
634:
633:
631:
630:
590:
452:Advance-fee scam
385:cognitive biases
372:investment scams
360:irresponsibility
237:William Thompson
218:
116:irresponsibility
84:confidence trick
72:
61:
21:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3621:
3567:Make Money Fast
3537:Franchise fraud
3492:
3483:
3464:Spoofing attack
3447:Scammer Payback
3295:countermeasures
3294:
3285:
2976:Bait-and-switch
2943:
2937:
2901:
2898:
2868:
2863:
2859:Undue influence
2812:
2766:
2715:
2654:
2649:
2619:
2610:
2558:
2552:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2469:
2460:Anti-corruption
2450:
2247:
2199:with corruption
2198:
2188:
2164:Electoral fraud
2159:Ballot stuffing
2147:
2049:
1887:
1881:
1860:
1836:Corporate crime
1824:
1819:
1789:
1784:
1761:
1718:honest services
1654:
1618:
1521:
1495:
1353:
1347:
1299:
1287:
1274:
1270:. July 8, 1849.
1268:New York Herald
1254:
1228:
1218:
1197:
1176:
1155:
1134:
1113:
1092:
1071:
1050:
1031:
1010:
989:
968:
949:
930:
912:
910:Further reading
907:
906:
896:
894:
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
861:
860:
856:
847:
845:
830:
826:
818:
807:
803:
802:
798:
790:Wayback Machine
781:
777:
768:
766:
753:
746:
715:
704:
691:
690:
686:
678:
674:
657:"The long game"
653:
649:
641:
637:
628:
626:
591:
584:
579:
574:
447:
400:
394:
328:
267:Foundation work
257:
242:New York Herald
225:
213:British English
208:
144:confidence game
132:
70:
59:
51:
32:Confidence Game
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3717:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3474:Voice phishing
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3307:Pig Butchering
3304:
3298:
3296:
3291:Internet scams
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Sick baby hoax
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3176:Reloading scam
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3111:Locksmith scam
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2793:Indoctrination
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2757:Smear campaign
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2686:Disinformation
2683:
2681:Child grooming
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2218:Global Witness
2215:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2174:Gerrymandering
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2091:Ghost soldiers
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1676:Counterfeiting
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1500:Family-related
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Pharmaceutical
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:on 2007-03-24.
1297:
1285:
1272:
1252:
1240:
1227:
1226:External links
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:978-0231178631
1216:
1201:
1196:978-0767917377
1195:
1180:
1175:978-0226780511
1174:
1159:
1154:978-0981974309
1153:
1138:
1133:978-0307473592
1132:
1117:
1112:978-0398029746
1111:
1096:
1091:978-0385495387
1090:
1075:
1070:978-1775292128
1069:
1054:
1049:978-0525427414
1048:
1035:
1030:978-0691117218
1029:
1014:
1009:978-0968713303
1008:
993:
988:978-0880489973
987:
972:
967:978-1903582824
966:
953:
948:978-0706421446
947:
934:
929:978-0887388682
928:
911:
908:
905:
904:
879:
854:
824:
796:
775:
744:
725:(2): 249–292.
702:
699:on 2011-07-14.
684:
672:
647:
635:
605:(4): 795–822.
581:
580:
578:
575:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
448:
446:
443:
398:Internet fraud
393:
390:
327:
324:
316:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
256:
253:
233:Ancient Greece
224:
221:
207:
204:
131:
128:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3716:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3669:
3668:Ponzi schemes
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:In the media
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Secret Sister
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:Matrix scheme
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3494:Ponzi schemes
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:Ripoff Report
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:SIM swap scam
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Pump and dump
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:Pig in a poke
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Charity fraud
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:Blessing scam
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Error account
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Interrogation
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2517:International
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:(South Korea)
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:International
2204:
2201:
2195:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:State capture
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:Elite capture
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:of corruption
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1816:
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1713:Mail and wire
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1708:Impersonation
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1698:Fraud factory
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1609:Shill bidding
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1481:Telemarketing
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1409:Impersonation
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1308:investigation
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1282:. 2017-11-15.
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520:List of scams
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406:(IC3) of the
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320:corroboration
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310:The in-and-in
309:
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63:
55:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3592:Reed Slatkin
3557:Kubus scheme
3437:Jim Browning
3432:419eater.com
3427:Scam baiting
3412:Romance scam
3382:Lottery scam
3327:Clickjacking
3271:Wash trading
3266:Trojan horse
3181:Return fraud
3131:Mock auction
3026:Drop swindle
2991:Bogus escrow
2912:
2849:Nudge theory
2742:Intimidation
2696:Love bombing
2671:Brainwashing
2348:(Madagascar)
2272:(Bangladesh)
2179:Vote pairing
2131:Rent-setting
2126:Rent-seeking
2086:Failed state
1986:Match fixing
1956:Embezzlement
1950:
1935:Corporation
1907:Black market
1724:
1538:lottery scam
1471:Tech support
1461:Racketeering
1312:the original
1306:Dateline NBC
1304:
1292:
1279:
1259:
1206:
1185:
1164:
1143:
1122:
1101:
1080:
1059:
1039:
1019:
998:
977:
957:
938:
918:
895:. Retrieved
891:
882:
870:. Retrieved
866:
857:
846:. Retrieved
837:
827:
811:
799:
792:
778:
767:. Retrieved
757:
722:
718:
697:the original
693:"Shell Game"
687:
680:Reading 2012
675:
660:
650:
638:
627:. Retrieved
602:
598:
545:Scam baiting
535:Racketeering
493:Elmer Gantry
491:
413:
401:
392:Online fraud
378:
329:
317:
303:The "hurrah"
294:stock market
260:
258:
246:
240:
226:
209:
195:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:(or bunco),
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
133:
83:
79:
77:
3633:Con artists
3517:Dona Branca
3459:Spoofed URL
3367:Email fraud
3347:CyberThrill
3322:Click fraud
3236:Tarmac scam
3161:Pork barrel
3156:Pigeon drop
3146:Patent safe
3136:Moving scam
3046:Fiddle game
2996:Boiler room
2971:Badger game
2933:Sucker list
2906:Terminology
2783:Gaslighting
2521:and efforts
2519:instruments
2470:enforcement
2412:(Singapore)
2325:(Indonesia)
2261:(Argentina)
2143:State crime
2101:Mafia state
2096:Kleptocracy
2061:Clientelism
2028:Tax evasion
1911:Grey market
1688:Faked death
1681:Superdollar
1659:Other types
1599:Overpayment
1565:Credit card
1533:Advance-fee
1444:Health care
643:Maurer 1999
500:Gaslighting
487:Counterfeit
457:Badger game
431:ActionFraud
364:desperation
344:opportunism
130:Terminology
3683:Categories
3661:Literature
3522:Earl Jones
3454:ShadowCrew
3407:Rock Phish
3352:DarkMarket
3342:Cybercrime
3317:Catfishing
3191:Shell game
3126:Mismarking
3051:Fine print
3011:Clip joint
3001:Bride scam
2778:Entrapment
2747:Mind games
2706:Propaganda
2596:Yo Soy 132
2441:(Tanzania)
2371:(Pakistan)
2284:(Cameroon)
2111:Plutocracy
2066:Coronelism
2023:Slush fund
1822:Corruption
1742:Scientific
1604:Securities
1589:Mismarking
1555:Chargeback
1550:Bankruptcy
1394:Employment
1375:Disability
1042:. Viking.
848:2022-05-19
769:2015-11-07
629:2018-09-03
577:References
467:Catfishing
396:See also:
352:compassion
336:dishonesty
314:completed.
229:shell game
112:confidence
104:compassion
62:Staniforth
3648:Impostors
3302:Avalanche
3116:Long firm
3036:Exit scam
2711:Seduction
2559:movements
2479:(pending)
2447:(Vietnam)
2435:(Ukraine)
2395:(Romania)
2389:(Romania)
2365:(Nigeria)
2359:(Myanmar)
2337:(Liberia)
2308:(Croatia)
2278:(Burundi)
2152:Elections
2033:Tax haven
1961:Extortion
1921:Collusion
1902:Baksheesh
1635:Electoral
1579:Insurance
1517:Paternity
1507:Fertility
1449:fertility
1429:Long firm
1349:Types of
1280:ChinaFile
1126:. Knopf.
739:148270133
619:150021652
472:Charlatan
356:credulity
298:dividends
217:long game
188:bamboozle
156:stratagem
96:credulity
3422:SaferNet
3392:Phishing
3332:Cramming
3221:SSC Scam
3086:Hustling
3071:Gem scam
2737:Coercion
2727:Bullying
2691:Flattery
2468:Laws and
2401:(Russia)
2383:(Poland)
2331:(Latvia)
2290:(China)
2252:National
2106:Nepotism
2076:Cronyism
1981:Kickback
1780:Category
1666:Affinity
1640:Medicare
1594:Mortgage
1512:Marriage
1476:Slamming
1454:quackery
1434:Odometer
1419:Internet
1370:Cramming
842:Archived
816:Archived
786:Archived
763:Archived
670:English.
665:Archived
623:Archived
530:Quackery
525:Phishing
445:See also
437:(2004),
290:gambling
279:Build-up
273:Approach
196:gullible
180:flimflam
140:con game
18:Long con
3512:Caritas
3489:Pyramid
3442:Kitboga
3312:Carding
3186:Salting
2928:Shyster
2752:Mobbing
2676:Bribery
2666:Big lie
2557:Protest
2429:(Spain)
2319:(India)
2018:Scandal
1916:Bribery
1895:General
1747:Spyware
1730:Romance
1693:Forgery
1671:Charity
1650:Welfare
1630:Benefit
1584:Lottery
1569:carding
1365:Billing
1293:FBI.gov
867:Default
368:naïvety
223:History
192:grifter
176:swindle
160:finesse
100:naïveté
88:defraud
82:, or a
40:Con Man
3527:Ezubao
3387:PayPai
2346:BIANCO
1560:Cheque
1486:Weight
1466:Return
1404:Fixing
1214:
1193:
1172:
1151:
1130:
1109:
1088:
1067:
1046:
1027:
1006:
985:
964:
945:
926:
897:May 3,
888:"Home"
872:May 3,
737:
617:
540:Ripoff
366:, and
340:vanity
255:Stages
206:Length
200:shills
186:, and
184:gaffle
168:hustle
152:ripoff
118:, and
108:vanity
73:Gordon
3699:Fraud
3626:Lists
2923:Shill
2854:Shill
2306:USKOK
2054:State
1966:Fraud
1944:Shell
1939:Dummy
1752:Vomit
1735:Bride
1574:Forex
1439:Phone
1389:Email
1351:fraud
819:(PDF)
808:(PDF)
735:S2CID
615:S2CID
505:Graft
435:AA419
332:greed
172:bunko
164:grift
126:')".
124:marks
120:greed
92:trust
71:C. G.
60:J. M.
2913:Scam
1770:list
1725:Scam
1703:Hoax
1645:Visa
1567:and
1545:Bank
1491:Wine
1399:Food
1380:Drug
1237:Scam
1212:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1044:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1004:ISBN
983:ISBN
962:ISBN
943:ISBN
924:ISBN
899:2023
874:2023
838:GASA
439:APWG
427:ACCC
383:and
348:lust
227:The
80:scam
46:and
3577:MMM
3491:and
3293:and
2323:KPK
1614:Tax
1424:Job
1262:GMU
727:doi
607:doi
419:IC3
416:FBI
408:FBI
259:In
136:con
3685::
1909:/
1382:/
1303:.
1291:.
1278:.
1258:.
890:.
865:.
840:.
836:.
814:.
810:.
747:^
733:.
723:72
721:.
705:^
663:.
659:.
621:.
613:.
603:85
601:.
597:.
585:^
421:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
235:.
215::
202:.
182:,
178:,
170:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
146:,
142:,
138:,
114:,
110:,
106:,
102:,
98:,
78:A
64::
42:,
2893:e
2886:t
2879:v
2644:e
2637:t
2630:v
1814:e
1807:t
1800:v
1342:e
1335:t
1328:v
1295:.
1264:)
1220:.
1199:.
1178:.
1157:.
1136:.
1115:.
1094:.
1073:.
1052:.
1033:.
1012:.
991:.
970:.
951:.
932:.
901:.
876:.
851:.
772:.
741:.
729::
632:.
609::
300:.
50:.
20:)
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