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modules may be combined to obtain a very high channel count. While modular logic analyzers are typically more expensive, the ability to combine multiple modules to obtain a high channel count and the generally higher performance of modular logic analyzers often justifies the price. For the very high end modular logic analyzers, the user often must provide their own host PC or purchase an embedded controller compatible with the system.
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Introduced in April, 2002, connectorless technology (identified by several vendor-specific trade names: Compression
Probing; Soft Touch; D-Max) has become popular. These probes provide a durable, reliable mechanical and electrical connection between the probe and the circuit board with less than 0.5 to 0.7 pF loading per signal.
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with a logic analyzer. The several benefits of these include the ability to view analog and digital signals together in time, and to trigger on either digital or analog signals and capture on the other. A few limitations of mixed signal oscilloscopes are that they do not capture state-mode data, they
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Once the probes are connected, the user programs the analyzer with the names of each signal, and can group several signals together for easier manipulation. Next, a capture mode is chosen, either "timing" mode, where the input signals are sampled at regular intervals based on an internal or external
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LAs, sometimes referred to as standalone LAs. Portable logic analyzers integrate everything into a single package, with options installed at the factory. While portable logic analyzers generally have lower performance than their modular counterparts, they are often used for general purpose debugging
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emerged in the 1960s, new and difficult problems began to arise, problems that oscilloscopes had trouble handling. For the first time in computing history, it became essential to simultaneously view large numbers of signals. Early solutions attempted to combine hardware from multiple oscilloscopes
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When logic analyzers first came into use, it was common to attach several hundred "clips" to a digital system. Later, specialized connectors came into use. The evolution of logic analyzer probes has led to a common footprint that multiple vendors support, which provides added freedom to end users.
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LAs, which consist of both a chassis or mainframe and logic analyzer modules. The mainframe/chassis contains the display, controls, control computer, and multiple slots into which the actual data-capturing hardware is installed. The modules each have a specific number of channels, and multiple
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to a previously recorded data set, and halt capture or visually notify the operator when this data set is either matched or not. This is useful for long-term empirical testing. Recent analyzers can even be set to email a copy of the test data to the engineer on a successful trigger.
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must be set. A trigger condition can range from simple (such as triggering on a rising or falling edge of a single signal) to the very complex (such as configuring the analyzer to decode the higher levels of the TCP/IP stack and triggering on a certain HTTP packet).
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Once the data are captured, they can be displayed several ways, from the simple (showing waveforms or state listings) to the complex (showing decoded
Ethernet protocol traffic). Some analyzers can also operate in a "compare" mode, where they compare each captured
302:. The first truly parallel instrument was the twelve channel HP 1601L, it was a plug-in for the HP 180 series oscilloscope mainframes and used the oscilloscope screen to present 16 rows of 12 bit words as 1s and 0s. It was introduced in the January 1974
257:. Logic analyzers can uncover hardware defects that are not found in simulation. These problems are typically too difficult to model in simulation, or too time-consuming to simulate and often cross multiple clock domains.
278:, as they allow to capture long logic sequences showing one or several communication frames. Usually, the Logic Analyzer software will also interpret the protocol layer, making debugging of firmware less tedious task.
153:, or may correlate opcodes with source-level software. Logic analyzers have advanced triggering capabilities, and are useful when a user needs to see the timing relationships between many signals in a digital system.
253:, are simulated to detect defects before the unit is constructed. The simulation usually provides logic analysis displays. Often, complex discrete logic is verified by simulating inputs and testing outputs using
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clock source, or "state" mode, where one or more of the signals are defined as "clocks", and data are taken on the rising or falling edges of these clocks, optionally using other signals to qualify these clocks.
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connection and relays the captured signals to the software on the computer. These devices are typically much smaller and less expensive because they make use of a PC's existing keyboard, display and CPU.
298:, was probably the first commercially available instrument to be called a "Logic Analyzer". However, the HP 5000A was limited to two channels and presented information by means of two rows of 32
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into one package, but screen clutter, a lack of definite data interpretation, as well as probing constraints made this solution only marginally usable.
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A logic analyzer can be triggered on a complicated sequence of digital events, then capture a large amount of digital data from the
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At this point, the user sets the analyzer to "run" mode, either triggering once, or repeatedly triggering.
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have become a common measurement point for logic analyzers and are also used to debug the logic circuit.
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have a limited channel count, and do not provide the analytical depth and insight of a logic analyzer.
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Presently, there are three distinct categories of logic analyzers available on the market:
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Logic
Analyzers are also very useful when it comes to analyze serial protocols, like
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The HP 5000A Logic
Analyzer, introduced in the October 1973 issue of the
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Electronic test instrument that measures multiple signals from a circuit
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is an electronic instrument that captures and displays multiple
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141:. A logic analyzer may convert the captured data into
192:LAs. The hardware connects to a computer through a
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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563:Electrical and electronic measuring equipment
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381:"16900 Series Modular Logic Analysis System"
554:
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352:"Feeling Comfortable with Logic Analyzers"
407:"U4154A AXIe-Based Logic Analyzer Module"
249:Many digital designs, including those of
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
526:Feeling Comfortable with Logic Analyzers
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479:"The History of the Integrated Circuit"
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443:"16800 Series Portable Logic Analyzer"
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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459:from the original on 2022-10-09
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317:combine the functionality of a
34:needs additional citations for
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452:. Keysight Technologies, Inc.
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416:. Keysight Technologies, Inc.
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261:Field-programmable gate arrays
1:
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759:Arbitrary waveform generator
662:Transformer ratio arm bridge
501:"The Data Domain Transition"
387:. Keysight Technologies, Inc
319:digital storage oscilloscope
224:After the mode is chosen, a
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177:8-channel USB logic analyzer
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361:. Agilent Technologies, Inc
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315:Mixed-signal oscilloscopes
310:Mixed-signal oscilloscopes
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815:Electronic test equipment
764:Digital pattern generator
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657:Time-to-digital converter
652:Time-domain reflectometer
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286:As digital computing and
137:from a digital system or
186:by cost conscious users.
304:Hewlett-Packard Journal
296:Hewlett-Packard Journal
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784:Video-signal generator
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612:Microwave power meter
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637:Peak programme meter
145:, protocol decodes,
43:improve this article
805:Digital electronics
503:. HP Memory Project
288:integrated circuits
769:Function generator
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728:Spectrum analyzer
667:Transistor tester
597:Frequency counter
592:Electricity meter
582:Capacitance meter
226:trigger condition
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99:December 2012
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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718:Oscilloscope
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703:Bus analyzer
602:Galvanometer
505:. Retrieved
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41:Please help
36:verification
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738:Vectorscope
672:Tube tester
642:Psophometer
622:Megohmmeter
485:28 November
365:28 November
799:Categories
752:Generation
743:Videoscope
632:Peak meter
617:Multimeter
528:- Keysight
427:1 December
338:References
69:newspapers
682:Voltmeter
677:Wattmeter
607:LCR meter
205:Operation
696:Analysis
687:VU meter
627:Ohmmeter
570:Metering
454:Archived
418:Archived
391:30 March
326:See also
238:data set
198:Ethernet
190:PC-based
183:Portable
157:Overview
149:traces,
647:Q meter
577:Ammeter
463:31 July
282:History
213:(SUT).
166:Modular
151:opcodes
83:scholar
507:3 June
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457:(PDF)
446:(PDF)
421:(PDF)
410:(PDF)
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90:JSTOR
76:books
509:2015
487:2012
465:2014
429:2017
393:2021
367:2012
300:LEDs
276:UART
245:Uses
62:news
274:or
272:SPI
268:I2C
251:ICs
196:or
194:USB
45:by
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