326:. Hughes expressed his requirements for the "airliner of the future": a payload of 36 passengers (or 20 sleeping berths), a six-person crew, a 3,600 mi (5,800 km) range, a 300 mph (480 km/h) cruise speed, and a weight of 52,000–55,000 lb; 23,500–25,000 kg (23.5–25 t). This meant that the Excalibur would have to get a 100 mph (160 km/h) increase in speed and be able to fly 1,000 ft (300 m) higher. It would need to cross the United States nonstop. The first decision was to re-engine the Excalibur with
27:
314:, who recently gained ownership of Transcontinental & Western Air (dubbed TWA for short), decided to provide funding for the new Excalibur. He had a plan in mind to vastly improve the characteristics of the Excalibur by increasing comfort, speed and profit of the aircraft. It was thus that Hughes invited three workers from Lockheed and Jack Frye (president of TWA) to a meeting at his
299:, and increasing the wingspan to 95 ft 9 in (29.18 m) with an area of 1,000 sq ft (93 m). A tricycle landing gear with steerable nosewheel was envisioned. With the revised specifications, the Excalibur could now effectively compete with the near monopoly Douglas had on the airliner market. Its projected performance was better (except in range) than the
333:
The new design differed so much from the original
Excalibur, that a different model designation was needed. It was first given the temporary designation L-104, then it was later officially designated the Model 49 or "Excalibur A". In time, the Model 49 would become a completely different aircraft
294:
The original
Excalibur design envisioned a 21-passenger payload, with a 240 mph (390 km/h) cruising speed. This was revised to 36 passengers at 268 mph (431 km/h) cruise at 12,000 ft (3,700 m) altitude. This change included increasing the fuselage diameter, making it
290:
radials. Its wingspan was 95 ft 9 in (29.18 m), its length was 82 ft 6 in (25.15 m), and its projected maximum speed was in the 250–280 mph (400–450 km/h) range. Several variants were proposed, to accommodate different passenger loads.
303:. The revision of specifications was partially due to a request from Pan American Airlines; their influence also caused the addition of the third tailfin. A variant designated the L-144, able to carry 40 passengers was planned, but was ultimately cancelled even though
266:
configuration. The other two were the L-104 and L-105. The L-105 was smaller, with 1,200 hp (890 kW) engines, and was more conventional than the L-104. These studies led
Lockheed's Burbank facility to settle on a design dubbed
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243:
started developing airliners capable of carrying more passengers at longer ranges than any previous airliner. Douglas, which had the majority of the airliner market with its
330:
radials, which had not been tested yet. The next decision was to start from scratch while saving the overall shape and triple tail configuration of the original
Excalibur.
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had placed a potential order for two examples. Lockheed proceeded with a full-scale mockup of the proposed
Excalibur, including most of the airliner except the right wing.
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from the original Model 44. Lockheed later dropped the name "Excalibur" as the new airliner had little to do with its predecessor. The end result was the
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was close to ordering the
Excalibur when Lockheed abandoned the project to devote its resources to developing the
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207:. The Model 44 was the first four-engined design from the company, a low-wing monoplane with a retractable
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215:, the design ended up with three fins. It was to be powered by four 1,200 hp (890 kW)
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Lockheed
Constellation: from Excalibur to Starliner Civilian and Military Variants
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was studying different airliner projects. The first was the Model 27, which had a
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247:, was having trouble finding customers for its proposed
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In the late 1930s, American aircraft companies such as
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Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United States
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425:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
408:piston engine , 1,200 hp (890 kW) each
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516:. Paris: Histoire and Collections. p. 176.
286:, rated at 1,000 hp (750 kW), or four
227:that had been ordered by Trans World Airlines.
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318:residence. The Lockheed employees included
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111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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374:74 ft 11.5 in (22.847 m)
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275:. The Excalibur resembled an enlarged
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406:Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp S4C-4-G
288:Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
2592:
380:95 ft 0 in (28.96 m)
251:(not to be confused with the later
13:
14:
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386:1,000 sq ft (93 m)
341:
494:. London: Putnam & Company.
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398:40,000 lb (18,144 kg)
392:26,424 lb (11,986 kg)
36:needs additional citations for
279:. It would be powered by four
1:
2802:Four-engined tractor aircraft
448:
260:Lockheed Aircraft Corporation
217:Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp
60:"Lockheed Model 44 Excalibur"
2817:Four-engined piston aircraft
512:Breffort, Dominique (2006).
492:Lockheed Aircraft since 1913
490:Francillon, René J. (1982).
336:Lockheed L-049 Constellation
7:
419:
197:Lockheed Model 44 Excalibur
10:
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310:The eccentric billionaire
16:Proposed American airliner
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211:. Originally fitted with
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320:Clarence "Kelly" Johnson
281:Wright GR-1820 Cyclone 9
568:aircraft and spacecraft
475:Francillon 1982, p. 468
353:General characteristics
2812:Lockheed Constellation
441:Lockheed Constellation
301:Boeing 307 Stratoliner
258:Around this time, the
231:Design and development
225:Model 49 Constellation
756:C-130 Hercules family
623:8-D, E & G Altair
305:South African Airways
209:tricycle landing gear
203:airliner designed by
134:32-passenger airliner
2822:Triple-tail aircraft
965:Shooting Star family
829:L-188 Electra family
690:Constellation family
221:Pan American Airways
158:Lockheed Corporation
45:improve this article
188:L-049 Constellation
126:Model 44 Excalibur
996:Starfighter family
295:comparable to the
2807:Low-wing aircraft
2792:Lockheed aircraft
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654:12 Electra Junior
297:Model 18 Lodestar
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1130:Blackbird family
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727:L-1649 Starliner
659:14 Super Electra
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277:Model 10 Electra
219:radial engines.
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136:Type of aircraft
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1280:Desert Hawk III
1270:Cormorant (UAV)
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1234:YO-3 Quiet Star
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1188:P2V/P-2 Neptune
1166:Maritime patrol
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1142:SR-71 Blackbird
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932:Fighter-bombers
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324:Robert E. Gross
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199:was a proposed
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143:National origin
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1371:AH-56 Cheyenne
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1123:Reconnaissance
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914:Vega Starliner
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892:L-1011 Tristar
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642:Electra family
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588:1 & 2 Vega
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342:Specifications
340:
284:radial engines
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183:Developed into
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1513:Little Dipper
1511:
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1400:
1398:
1395:
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1388:
1382:
1381:VH-92 Patriot
1379:
1377:
1376:VH-71 Kestrel
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
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1343:
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1232:
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1206:
1204:
1203:CP-140 Aurora
1201:
1199:
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1189:
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1047:
1045:
1042:
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1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:Raptor family
1030:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
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1004:
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723:
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718:
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708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
697:Constellation
695:
694:
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688:
682:
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677:
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672:
669:
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629:
626:
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621:
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611:
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601:
599:
596:
594:
593:3 Air Express
591:
589:
586:
585:
583:
579:
576:
572:
567:
563:
556:
551:
549:
544:
542:
537:
536:
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523:2-915239-62-2
519:
515:
510:
509:
503:
501:0-370-30329-6
497:
493:
488:
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481:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
459:
453:
452:
446:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
431:Douglas DC-4E
429:
428:
427:
426:
417:
415:
407:
403:
400:
397:
396:Gross weight:
394:
391:
390:Empty weight:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
368:32 passengers
367:
364:
361:
358:
357:
356:
354:
349:
348:
339:
337:
331:
329:
328:Wright R-2600
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:Howard Hughes
308:
306:
302:
298:
292:
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
249:Douglas DC-4E
246:
242:
238:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
189:
186:
181:
180:
176:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
154:Manufacturer
153:
152:
149:
148:United States
146:
141:
140:
133:
130:
129:
124:
115:
112:
104:
101:December 2014
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2774:Not assigned
1996:
1816:
1422:Star Clipper
1390:Experimental
1217:Other crewed
1183:PV-2 Harpoon
1178:PV-1 Ventura
881:
513:
491:
483:Bibliography
445:
436:Douglas DC-6
424:
423:
413:
411:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
352:
350:
346:
345:
332:
316:Hancock Park
309:
293:
272:
268:
257:
234:
196:
194:
173:Number built
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1417:Senior Prom
1354:Helicopters
1275:Desert Hawk
1063:Other types
865:Other types
671:18 Lodestar
581:Vega family
414:Performance
402:Powerplant:
2786:Categories
1564:Trident II
1534:High Virgo
1498:Big Dipper
1412:Senior Peg
1315:X-44 (UAV)
1208:P-7 LRAACA
1193:S-3 Viking
1054:X-44 MANTA
681:43 Harpoon
676:37 Ventura
664:414 Hudson
649:10 Electra
613:7 Explorer
598:4 Explorer
574:Transports
449:References
384:Wing area:
167:Cancelled
71:newspapers
1559:Trident I
1544:Ping-Pong
1397:Have Blue
1198:P-3 Orion
882:Excalibur
633:DL.1 Vega
378:Wingspan:
366:Capacity:
347:Data from
273:Excalibur
213:twin fins
2232:400 (II)
2112:282 (II)
1554:Poseidon
1522:Missiles
1503:Explorer
1328:Trainers
618:8 Sirius
562:Lockheed
420:See also
269:Model 44
205:Lockheed
201:American
2227:400 (I)
2107:282 (I)
1592:numbers
1580:J37/T35
1573:Engines
1549:Polaris
1539:Perseus
1295:Polecat
1290:MQM-105
1260:Aequare
1023:CL-1200
1013:NF-104A
887:JetStar
793:EC-130H
628:9 Orion
372:Length:
241:Douglas
164:Status
85:scholar
1361:CL-475
1305:RQ-170
1265:AQM-60
1224:CL-400
1173:Hudson
1018:CL-288
1003:XF-104
909:Saturn
904:L-2000
851:CP-140
815:WC-130
810:MC-130
805:LC-130
800:KC-130
788:EC-130
783:HC-130
778:DC-130
773:AC-130
768:C-130J
742:EC-121
722:L-1249
717:L-1049
603:5 Vega
520:
498:
264:canard
237:Boeing
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
2705:27–32
2640:12–14
1590:Model
1529:Agena
1508:L-402
1447:X-26B
1442:X-24C
1427:XC-35
1407:L-301
1402:L-133
1366:XH-51
1345:T-50A
1310:SR-72
1147:YF-12
1110:YP-24
1105:XF-90
1100:XFM-2
1095:F-117
1070:A-4AR
1049:FB-22
1039:YF-22
1008:F-104
956:XP-58
951:XP-49
877:C-141
836:L-188
820:L-100
763:C-130
747:XB-30
737:C-121
712:L-749
707:L-649
702:L-049
454:Notes
360:Crew:
177:None
131:Role
92:JSTOR
78:books
2630:7–10
2593:Vega
2584:2329
2579:2000
2574:1980
2569:1800
2564:1700
2559:1649
2554:1600
2549:1549
2544:1449
2539:1400
2534:1329
2529:1249
2524:1237
2519:1236
2514:1235
2509:1201
2504:1200
2499:1195
2494:1149
2489:1132
2484:1090
2479:1080
2474:1060
2462:1049
2457:1026
2452:1020
2447:1011
2442:1010
2437:1000
1482:XV-4
1472:X-59
1467:X-56
1462:X-55
1457:X-35
1452:X-33
1437:X-17
1335:T-33
1300:RQ-3
1285:Fury
1253:UAVs
1244:TR-X
1239:TR-1
1157:D-21
1152:M-21
1137:A-12
1090:F-35
1085:F-21
1080:F-16
1044:F-22
982:T-33
977:F-94
972:F-80
946:P-38
846:EP-3
732:C-69
564:and
518:ISBN
496:ISBN
404:4 ×
322:and
253:DC-4
245:DC-3
239:and
195:The
64:news
2432:995
2427:985
2422:984
2417:981
2412:980
2407:977
2402:949
2397:934
2392:915
2387:901
2382:880
2377:849
2372:840
2367:823
2362:822
2357:785
2352:780
2347:760
2342:749
2337:704
2332:685
2327:680
2322:649
2317:645
2312:622
2307:595
2302:580
2297:549
2292:522
2287:520
2282:500
2277:489
2272:480
2267:475
2262:449
2257:437
2252:422
2247:414
2242:407
2237:402
2222:389
2217:382
2212:380
2207:379
2202:351
2197:349
2192:346
2187:331
2182:330
2177:329
2172:325
2167:322
2162:320
2157:301
2152:300
2147:298
2142:296
2137:295
2132:293
2127:288
2122:286
2117:285
2102:249
2097:246
2092:245
2087:244
2082:222
2077:212
2072:210
2067:207
2062:206
2057:204
2052:200
2047:199
2042:193
2037:189
2032:188
2027:186
2022:185
2017:182
2012:171
2007:170
2002:149
1997:144
1992:141
1987:140
1982:137
1977:136
1972:133
1967:129
1962:122
1957:105
1952:104
1947:100
1640:A/D
1477:XFV
1432:X-7
1340:T2V
1229:U-2
1075:A-9
987:T2V
919:R6V
897:RAF
872:C-5
856:P-7
841:P-3
362:two
255:).
47:by
2788::
2760:43
2755:42
2750:41
2745:40
2740:39
2735:38
2730:37
2725:36
2720:35
2715:34
2710:33
2700:26
2695:25
2690:24
2685:23
2680:22
2675:21
2670:20
2665:19
2660:18
2655:17
2650:16
2645:15
2635:11
1942:99
1937:94
1932:93
1927:92
1922:91
1917:90
1912:89
1907:88
1902:87
1897:86
1892:85
1887:84
1882:83
1877:82
1872:81
1867:80
1862:75
1857:62
1852:61
1847:60
1842:52
1837:51
1832:50
1827:49
1822:45
1817:44
1812:42
1807:41
1802:40
1797:39
1792:38
1787:37
1782:36
1777:35
1772:34
1767:33
1762:32
1757:31
1752:30
1747:29
1742:28
1737:27
1732:26
1727:25
1722:24
1717:23
1712:22
1707:21
1702:20
1697:19
1692:18
1687:17
1682:16
1677:15
1672:14
1667:13
1662:12
1657:11
1652:10
462:^
338:.
2625:6
2620:5
2615:4
2610:3
2605:2
2600:1
2467:A
1647:9
1635:8
1630:7
1625:6
1620:5
1615:4
1610:3
1605:2
1600:1
608:6
554:e
547:t
540:v
526:.
504:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
