34:
2332:
454:
130:
340:
102:
93:
772:
527:
121:
111:
326:. Vytautas, on the other hand, became increasingly popular; Władysław II began to see him as a rival. Vytautas was supported by Lithuanians who resented the Polish interpretation of the recent Union of Krewo. These Lithuanians wished to maintain distinct legal structures and reserve official posts for Lithuanians. The Lithuanian elites also resented the changes in government that king Władysław II implemented there.
717:: Vytautas would become the Grand Duke of Lithuania if he would recognize Jogaila as the Supreme Duke. By summer, Vytautas had secured the release of many of the hostages he had given to the Knights, and accepted the offer. Since this agreement with Jogaila was reached in secret, the Knights suspected nothing when Vytautas invited them to the festivities at his headquarters, the
383:, Vytautas planned to take advantage of his sister's wedding by sending wagons filled with meat, hay, and other goods to Vilnius. The wagons would be escorted by armed men, who would capture the castle once inside the city. This plan was uncovered by a German spy and the conspirators were executed. In another setback, two of Vytautas' strongest allies, his brother
744:. Vytautas ruled Lithuania until his death in 1430; his relationship with Jogaila during these years is sometimes likened to the peaceful power-sharing demonstrated by their fathers Algirdas and Kęstutis. The Knights, betrayed for the second time, resumed their wars against Lithuania. They sought to take Samogitia, which Vytautas had twice promised them. The
210:. Vytautas and the Knights unsuccessfully besieged Vilnius in 1390. Over the next two years it became clear that neither side could achieve a quick victory, and Jogaila proposed a compromise: Vytautas would become Grand Duke and Jogaila would remain Superior Duke. This proposal was formalized in the
517:
died during the siege. The besiegers ran into various difficulties. Their supplies of gunpowder were dwindling, the weather was deteriorating, the terms of service for some volunteers from western Europe ended, and the
Knights needed a new Grand Master. They decided to return to Prussia. The siege
500:
died. The coalition decided to abandon this siege and march on
Vilnius instead, as such a large army could not easily be re-assembled. On 11 September 1390, the joint forces launched a five-week siege on the city. Vilnius' castles were held by Skirgaila, commanding combined Polish, Lithuanian, and
485:, possibly as a compliment to the English knights and the future king. In the meantime, Jogaila achieved some military successes; his forces captured several castles in Podlaskie, leaving them to be guarded by Polish garrisons, and took Hrodna in April 1390 after a six-week siege.
669:
were dissatisfied with the war; Jogaila was spending a great deal of time on
Lithuanian matters and the expected benefits of the Union of Krewo had not materialized. The Union was meant to strengthen Polish control over
469:. The joint forces of Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights consisted largely of volunteers and mercenaries from western Europe, notably from France, the German states, and England. Henry, Earl of Derby, the future King
682:
rather than to create fresh troubles in the north. Jogaila was preoccupied with the management of his court, battles in the southeast, and his sickly wife. He attempted to replace
Skirgaila with his younger brother
725:. Most of the prominent guests were taken prisoner and Vytautas' army proceeded to attack and destroy the undermanned wooden castles of Ritterswerder, Metenburg, and Neugarten (New Hrodna) near Hrodna.
488:
The newly assembled coalition organized a number of small campaigns in
Lithuania; the largest was undertaken at the end of summer. During this campaign the Knights burned wooden castles at
740:, where he died in 1397. While Vytautas was technically a vassal of Jogaila, he exercised considerable power in the Grand Duchy. His independence was legalized in the 1401
279:
king of Poland in
February 1386. As a condition to the marriage and coronation, Jogaila agreed to renounce paganism himself and Christianize his subjects, and establish a
283:
between Poland and
Lithuania. The Union was an unwelcome development for the Teutonic Knights, as it united Poland and Lithuania, two states hostile to the Order, and a
258:, co-ruled the Grand Duchy peacefully. However, after Algirdas' death in 1377, Kęstutis, Jogaila, and Vytautas began a power struggle. During their first conflict, the
262:, Vytautas and Jogaila both struck short-lived alliances with the Teutonic Knights. Vytautas did not manage to seize the throne and reconciled with Jogaila in 1384.
2542:
1792:
688:
360:
426:, in exchange for their military assistance. Having been earlier betrayed, the Knights asked for hostages as a guarantee of Vytautas' loyalty: his brothers
367:
and stabilize the situation, but this move only angered the opposition. In May 1389 Jogaila tried to mediate the conflict between
Skirgaila and Vytautas in
2562:
546:. This alliance strengthened Vytautas' influence in Slavic lands and represented a potential new ally against Poland. At the same time, Jogaila's brother
477:
were among the participants. The
English crusaders left detailed records of their actions in Prussia and Lithuania, and their exploits were mentioned by
748:
was signed in 1398, leaving
Samogitia to the Knights, to quiet the Duchy's western front while Vytautas was organizing a major campaign against the
2249:
665:
Neither Jogaila nor Vytautas had gained a clear advantage and the territories of the Grand Duchy affected by the civil war were being devastated.
654:, had little interest in the volatile regions to his north. In 1392, he circulated a proposal to partition Poland among the Teutonic Knights, the
214:
of 1392, and Vytautas turned against the Knights. He went on to reign as Grand Duke of Lithuania for 38 years, and the cousins remained at peace.
2475:
371:. Vytautas was pressured into signing a formal document declaring that he was loyal to Skirgaila and supported him, but his position as Duke of
2006:
1509:
732:, formalizing the arrangement and ending the civil war, was signed on 4 August 1392. Vytautas became Grand Duke and reclaimed his patrimony in
2032:
1855:
198:
as ruler of Lithuania. Skirgaila proved unpopular and Vytautas attempted to depose him. When his first attempt to take the capital city of
1965:
1443:
1785:
2572:
2000:
1982:
1716:
518:
did not bring an end to the conflict, but it demonstrated an increased dissatisfaction with Jogaila among the regional inhabitants.
2120:
1988:
1941:
2466:
2018:
2552:
2268:
2255:
2195:
2154:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2086:
1960:
1897:
1778:
2557:
2274:
1924:
1860:
687:, but this brother died under unclear circumstances – according to rumor he was poisoned by either Vytautas or Skirgaila.
492:, possibly the first capital of Lithuania, which never recovered from the destruction. While the army was laying siege to
634:. Negotiations fell apart as the title to the land was contested by several dukes. The Neumark purchase was closed with
2532:
2480:
1819:
259:
207:
818:
2577:
2447:
2188:
1757:
1699:
1669:
1633:
1606:
1562:
1537:
1400:
1361:
1330:
1277:
1246:
1216:
1185:
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1069:
1037:
964:
928:
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133:
2428:
1293:
497:
149:
2547:
2230:
1801:
790:
435:
418:, signed in 1384 during his first conflict with Jogaila. Under the terms of this treaty, the Knights were promised
2537:
2527:
2398:
265:
Jogaila created a significant new alliance with the Kingdom of Poland when he secured an agreement, known as the
2567:
622:
In the meantime the Knights were buying lands in Prussia. In May 1392, von Wallenrode began negotiations with
466:
415:
194:, then the largest state in Europe. Jogaila had been crowned King of Poland in 1386; he installed his brother
2236:
1827:
1347:
284:
615:, but lacked the resources for a second siege on Vilnius. In November 1391 Vytautas attacked the areas near
2582:
2302:
2296:
2026:
1204:
590:
589:
Von Wallenrode called for new volunteers from France, England, and Scotland. Among those who responded was
1444:"König Kaiser Sigismund, der deutsche Orden und Polen-Litauen. Stationen einer problembeladenen Beziehung"
33:
785:
753:
292:
2436:
1865:
741:
554:
to Moscow. The Teutonic Knights were idled during the protracted selection of their new Grand Master,
314:; Jogaila known now by his Christian name Władysław II (Władysław II Jagiełło) designated his brother
2409:
2403:
2355:
1849:
1209:
Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights, Vol. 2: The Stone Castles of Latvia and Estonia, 1185–1560
638:
only in 1402. During July 1392, the Knights agreed to pay Władysław Opolczyk 50,000 guldens for the
1809:
671:
191:
124:
63:
1057:
510:
431:
427:
384:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2261:
2160:
2066:
1594:
1269:
599:
567:
183:
2331:
1934:
593:. During the autumn of 1391 the Teutonic Knights organized another campaign against Vilnius. In
375:
was not formally acknowledged. Vytautas secured his position in Lutsk, and turned his sights on
2134:
2061:
562:
delayed his election. In May 1391, the new master mortgaged Złotoria (Slatoria), a castle near
506:
114:
2313:
2076:
1623:
1463:
1173:
1025:
2222:
2071:
1689:
1485:
954:
918:
555:
403:
153:
662:, but it was rejected. These purchases by the Knights threatened Poland's northern borders.
2456:
2216:
2140:
1886:
1053:
623:
575:
543:
380:
351:
2146:
2038:
1730:. Cross-border Centre for Civil Education and Information in Białystok: 32. Archived from
8:
2176:
1731:
535:
470:
439:
355:. The fictional knight took part in many crusades, including one against the Lithuanians.
323:
223:
1484:
Rzyszczewski, Leon; Bobowski, Mikołaj; Muczkowski, Antoni; Bartoszewicz, Julian (1852).
1263:
729:
704:
211:
74:
2389:
2373:
2290:
2207:
2126:
2092:
2044:
1929:
1903:
1892:
1832:
1503:
1174:"From Pamphlet to Political Theory: The Establishment of Lithuanian Dynastic Tradition"
795:
757:
619:
and Hrodna, cutting off the easiest communication route between Jogaila and Skirgaila.
559:
539:
505:
troops. The Knights reduced much of the outer city to ruins and managed to destroy the
423:
288:
2417:
1318:
714:
2361:
1994:
1753:
1695:
1665:
1639:
1629:
1602:
1558:
1533:
1491:
1455:
1424:
1396:
1357:
1326:
1273:
1242:
1212:
1181:
1154:
1131:
1097:
1065:
1033:
1000:
960:
924:
897:
869:
832:
745:
655:
270:
864:
Michaud, Claude (2005). "The Kingdoms of Central Europe in the Fourteenth Century".
2367:
2242:
2201:
2170:
1947:
777:
710:
635:
482:
478:
453:
345:
203:
96:
59:
402:
Vytautas then sought a military alliance with the Knights, sending captive knight
2349:
1953:
1032:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla. pp. 173–174.
604:
551:
474:
1770:
639:
583:
129:
571:
447:
411:
388:
339:
280:
266:
179:
2501:
1459:
1423:(in Lithuanian). Rome: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija. pp. 307–308.
1130:(in Lithuanian). Rome: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija. pp. 304–306.
836:
718:
1495:
695:
as governor of Vilnius. Jogaila decided to seek a compromise with Vytautas.
612:
462:
101:
2182:
2012:
1643:
840:
749:
235:
1483:
1367:
92:
2378:
2308:
1297:
1296:. Administration of the State Cultural reserve of Kernavė. Archived from
722:
275:
247:
1916:
1910:
392:
300:
287:
deprived the Knights of their ideological justification for waging the
616:
608:
489:
318:
regent in Lithuania. Skirgaila, who also ruled Vytautas' patrimony in
120:
1532:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 202–204.
1487:
Codex diplomaticus Poloniae quo continentur privilegia regum Poloniae
1395:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 200–201.
1241:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 197–199.
896:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 193–194.
679:
547:
526:
514:
493:
419:
315:
311:
296:
226:
ruled a state that covered the territories of present-day Lithuania,
195:
162:
105:
1325:(in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. pp. 83–84.
692:
2485:
1748:
Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000).
1092:
Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000).
1058:"The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1370–1506"
823:
684:
675:
666:
502:
443:
396:
255:
243:
187:
145:
1601:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 1–50.
1351:
563:
709:
In spring 1392, Jogaila proposed a compromise through his envoy,
659:
651:
631:
627:
597:
they organized a lavish feast, which was prominently featured in
579:
376:
364:
251:
231:
227:
199:
175:
158:
1664:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. p. 206.
1557:. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. p. 212.
1428:
1158:
1135:
1004:
206:, their common enemy – just as both cousins had done during the
110:
733:
594:
368:
319:
307:
239:
1096:. Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. 131–132.
868:. Vol. VI. Cambridge University Press. pp. 755–756.
407:
647:
643:
372:
77:; Jogaila was designated Supreme Duke and Vytautas Grand Duke
38:
Map of the Teutonic Knight conflict with Lithuania and Poland
1628:. Vol. II. London: Longmans, Green and co. p. 10.
269:(August 1385), to marry the twelve-year-old Queen of Poland
959:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 10–11.
737:
1747:
1091:
760:
in 1410, which ended the threat from the Teutonic Orders.
1752:. Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. p. 136.
736:
while Skirgaila was compensated with the Principality of
1064:. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. p. 732.
461:
In May, a delegation of 31 Samogitian nobles arrived in
1356:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai.
923:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 16.
303:, and refused to recognize Jogaila's baptism in 1386.
1268:(2nd ed.). Oxford: The Clarendon Press. p.
1030:
Lietuvos istorija. Nuo seniausių laikų iki 1569 metų
767:
1062:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, c. 1415–c. 1500
866:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, c. 1300–c. 1415
299:, a section of western Lithuania that bordered the
291:. Thus the Order sought opportunities to undo the
1800:
414:affirming the terms of an earlier agreement, the
2499:
1687:
816:
756:in 1399. The cousins joined their forces at the
465:and promised loyalty to Vytautas by signing the
2543:14th century in the State of the Teutonic Order
2476:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
1153:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslas. p. 60.
1421:Lietuvos istorija iki Vytauto Didžiojo mirties
1128:Lietuvos istorija iki Vytauto Didžiojo mirties
242:. Gediminas died in 1341; afterwards his sons
1786:
509:, which was never rebuilt. Vytautas' brother
457:Jogaila, later known as Władysław II Jagiełło
202:failed, Vytautas forged an alliance with the
534:On 21 January 1391 Vytautas' only daughter,
2563:Wars involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1414:
1412:
1199:
1197:
1149:Jonynas, Ignas (1984) . "Vytauto šeimyna".
997:Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania
812:
810:
2083:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
1793:
1779:
1694:. Cambridge University Press. p. 44.
1688:Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2006).
1508:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1171:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1024:
752:. Vytautas suffered a major defeat at the
260:Lithuanian Civil War between 1381 and 1384
208:Lithuanian Civil War between 1381 and 1384
1741:
1448:Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
1317:
1052:
999:. Miami: Franklin Press. pp. 40–44.
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
646:dukes since 1377. Opolczyk, the ruler of
379:. According to Teutonic testimony at the
1714:
1683:
1681:
1454:(46). Marburg: J.G. Herder-Institut: 7.
1418:
1409:
1203:
1194:
1125:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
807:
525:
452:
343:Portrait of an English Knight, from the
338:
2297:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
2033:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
1655:
1653:
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1286:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1148:
1110:
994:
863:
817:Sruogienė-Sruoga, Vanda (Winter 1987).
27:Part of Vytautas–Jogaila power struggle
16:Part of Vytautas–Jogaila power struggle
2500:
1265:The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer
973:
956:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386–1795
937:
920:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386–1795
910:
887:
885:
859:
857:
607:. They devastated the nearby towns of
582:. This angered Jogaila and he invaded
174:was the second civil conflict between
1774:
1708:
1678:
1659:
1621:
1615:
1592:
1552:
1527:
1390:
1353:Gimtoji istorija. Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės
1339:
1311:
1261:
1255:
1236:
1211:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 53–54.
1142:
1078:
1011:
952:
916:
891:
691:was replaced with Jan Oleśnicki from
273:. He married Jadwiga and was crowned
2019:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
1856:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
1750:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
1650:
1571:
1546:
1516:
1477:
1435:
1381:
1225:
1165:
1094:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
406:to negotiate. On 19 January 1390 in
2250:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
1490:(in Latin). Varsaviae. p. xi.
1046:
882:
854:
13:
363:to establish a Polish garrison in
14:
2594:
2573:Wars involving the Teutonic Order
2343:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
642:, which had been contested among
172:Lithuanian Civil War of 1389–1392
2330:
2275:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
1925:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
1871:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
1861:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
791:List of wars involving Lithuania
770:
450:, and a number of other nobles.
128:
119:
109:
100:
91:
32:
22:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
2399:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2121:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
1961:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
698:
2481:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
2067:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
1942:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1898:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1717:"Evidence of a Stormy History"
498:Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein
190:. At issue was control of the
150:Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein
1:
2553:Civil wars of the Middle Ages
2269:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2256:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2196:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2189:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
2155:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
2113:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2107:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2101:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
2087:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
1828:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
1802:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
801:
217:
2303:War of the Bar Confederation
2007:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
2001:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1989:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1983:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1966:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1622:Wyatt, Walter James (1876).
591:William Douglas of Nithsdale
521:
391:, lost their territories in
334:
329:
7:
2558:Medieval history of Ukraine
2231:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
1691:A Concise History of Poland
1346:Jovaiša, Eugenijus (2002).
1172:Mickūnaitė, Giedrė (2002).
995:Koncius, Joseph B. (1964).
786:List of conflicts in Europe
763:
754:Battle of the Vorskla River
721:Castle on an island in the
10:
2599:
2437:June Uprising in Lithuania
1866:Battle of the Vikhra River
1595:"Vytautas and Jagiello, I"
1419:Ivinskis, Zenonas (1978).
1126:Ivinskis, Zenonas (1978).
742:Union of Vilnius and Radom
702:
238:, and parts of Poland and
2533:14th century in Lithuania
2465:
2446:
2427:
2388:
2356:French invasion of Russia
2342:
2325:
2283:
2054:
2027:Northern Seven Years' War
1975:
1879:
1842:
1818:
1808:
1442:Hoensch, Jörg K. (1997).
1262:Skeat, Walter W. (1900).
1178:The Medieval Chronicle II
953:Stone, Daniel Z. (2001).
917:Stone, Daniel Z. (2001).
139:
85:
42:
31:
26:
21:
1810:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1715:Maroszek, Józef (2007).
550:was losing his power in
306:Vytautas became duke of
192:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
125:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
64:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2548:Civil wars in Lithuania
2262:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
2161:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
1660:Urban, William (2006).
1593:Urban, William (2003).
1553:Urban, William (2006).
1528:Urban, William (2006).
1391:Urban, William (2006).
1237:Urban, William (2006).
1180:. Rodopi. p. 157.
892:Urban, William (2006).
586:, but was driven away.
387:and his brother-in-law
293:Polish–Lithuanian union
285:Christianized Lithuania
184:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2538:14th century in Poland
2528:14th-century conflicts
2135:Zebrzydowski rebellion
2062:Moldavian Magnate Wars
1625:The History of Prussia
531:
513:and Jogaila's brother
473:and Marshal of France
458:
356:
322:, was disliked by the
140:Commanders and leaders
2568:Wars involving Poland
2410:Polish–Lithuanian War
2404:Lithuanian–Soviet War
2223:Battle of Berestechko
2072:War against Sigismund
1850:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
1054:Gieysztor, Aleksander
819:"Jogaila (1350–1434)"
556:Konrad von Wallenrode
529:
511:Tautvilas Kęstutaitis
456:
404:Marquard von Salzbach
342:
154:Konrad von Wallenrode
2578:Polish–Teutonic wars
2457:Lithuanian partisans
2217:Khmelnytsky Uprising
1887:Samogitian uprisings
1599:Tannenberg and After
1026:Gudavičius, Edvardas
689:Klemens Moskarzewski
624:Sigismund of Hungary
576:Sigismund of Hungary
544:Grand Duke of Moscow
467:Treaty of Königsberg
416:Treaty of Königsberg
410:Vytautas signed the
381:Council of Constance
361:Klemens Moskarzewski
352:The Canterbury Tales
2583:Princely rebellions
2314:Kościuszko Uprising
2213:1644 Tatar Invasion
2177:Fedorovych uprising
2167:1624 Tatar Invasion
2077:Battle of Stångebro
1935:Battle of Pabaiskas
536:Sophia of Lithuania
471:Henry IV of England
324:Lithuanian nobility
224:family of Gediminas
115:Rus' principalities
2467:Restored Lithuania
2390:Interwar Lithuania
2374:Revolution of 1905
2291:Great Northern War
2208:Ostryanyn uprising
2127:Battle of Klushino
2093:Battle of Kircholm
2045:Nalyvaiko Uprising
1904:Battle of Grunwald
1893:Lithuanian Crusade
1833:Lithuanian Crusade
1662:Samogitian Crusade
1555:Samogitian Crusade
1530:Samogitian Crusade
1393:Samogitian Crusade
1323:Polska Jagiellonów
1239:Samogitian Crusade
894:Samogitian Crusade
796:List of civil wars
758:Battle of Grunwald
603:, an 1828 poem by
568:Władysław Opolczyk
540:Vasili I of Russia
532:
530:Vytautas the Great
459:
357:
289:Lithuanian Crusade
2495:
2494:
2448:Soviet occupation
2362:November Uprising
2323:
2322:
2147:Battle of Humenné
2141:Thirty Years' War
2039:Kosiński uprising
1995:Glinski rebellion
1205:Turnbull, Stephen
1151:Istorijos baruose
746:Treaty of Salynas
656:Holy Roman Empire
359:Jogaila had sent
271:Jadwiga of Poland
250:, the fathers of
186:, and his cousin
168:
167:
159:Wladyslaw Jogaila
134:Kingdom of Poland
81:
80:
2590:
2368:January Uprising
2334:
2202:Pavlyuk uprising
2171:Zhmaylo uprising
1948:Crusade of Varna
1930:Battle of Ašmena
1816:
1815:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1724:My Little Europe
1721:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1590:
1569:
1568:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1525:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1462:. Archived from
1439:
1433:
1432:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1366:. Archived from
1348:"Vilniaus pilys"
1343:
1337:
1336:
1319:Jasienica, Paweł
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1123:
1108:
1107:
1089:
1076:
1075:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1022:
1009:
1008:
992:
971:
970:
950:
935:
934:
914:
908:
907:
889:
880:
879:
861:
852:
851:
849:
848:
839:. Archived from
814:
780:
778:Lithuania portal
775:
774:
773:
730:Ostrów Agreement
711:Henry of Masovia
705:Ostrów Agreement
636:Jobst of Moravia
600:Konrad Wallenrod
483:Canterbury Tales
479:Geoffrey Chaucer
346:General Prologue
295:; they demanded
212:Ostrów Agreement
204:Teutonic Knights
132:
123:
113:
104:
97:Teutonic Knights
95:
75:Ostrów Agreement
44:
43:
36:
19:
18:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2461:
2442:
2423:
2418:Klaipėda Revolt
2384:
2350:Napoleonic Wars
2338:
2337:
2319:
2279:
2050:
1971:
1954:Battle of Varna
1875:
1838:
1804:
1799:
1767:
1760:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1719:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1658:
1651:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1591:
1572:
1565:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1526:
1517:
1501:
1500:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1467:
1440:
1436:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1389:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1364:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1235:
1226:
1219:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1170:
1166:
1147:
1143:
1124:
1111:
1104:
1090:
1079:
1072:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1023:
1012:
993:
974:
967:
951:
938:
931:
915:
911:
904:
890:
883:
876:
862:
855:
846:
844:
815:
808:
804:
776:
771:
769:
766:
715:Bishop of Płock
707:
701:
658:, Silesia, and
605:Adam Mickiewicz
560:general chapter
552:Veliky Novgorod
524:
496:, Grand Master
475:Jean Le Maingre
446:, his favorite
438:, his daughter
337:
332:
220:
161:
152:
148:
127:
108:
99:
66:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2596:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:1392 in Europe
2520:
2518:1391 in Europe
2515:
2513:1390 in Europe
2510:
2508:1389 in Europe
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2395:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1740:
1737:on 2008-09-10.
1707:
1700:
1677:
1670:
1649:
1634:
1614:
1607:
1570:
1563:
1545:
1538:
1515:
1476:
1434:
1408:
1401:
1380:
1362:
1338:
1331:
1310:
1285:
1278:
1254:
1247:
1224:
1217:
1193:
1186:
1164:
1141:
1109:
1102:
1077:
1070:
1045:
1038:
1010:
972:
965:
936:
929:
909:
902:
881:
874:
853:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
793:
788:
782:
781:
765:
762:
703:Main article:
700:
697:
572:count palatine
523:
520:
507:Crooked Castle
448:Ivan Olshanski
412:Treaty of Lyck
389:Ivan Olshanski
336:
333:
331:
328:
281:personal union
267:Union of Krewo
219:
216:
180:King of Poland
166:
165:
156:
142:
141:
137:
136:
117:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
72:
68:
67:
58:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2595:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1759:9986-810-13-2
1755:
1751:
1744:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1701:0-521-85332-X
1697:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1671:0-929700-56-2
1667:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1635:1-142-41553-8
1631:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1608:0-929700-25-2
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1564:0-929700-56-2
1560:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1539:0-929700-56-2
1535:
1531:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1466:on 2019-02-05
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:(in German).
1449:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1402:0-929700-56-2
1398:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1370:on 2008-03-03
1369:
1365:
1363:9986-9216-9-4
1359:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1334:
1332:83-06-01796-X
1328:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1300:on 2008-06-15
1299:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1279:1-60520-523-0
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1248:0-929700-56-2
1244:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1218:1-84176-712-3
1214:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1187:90-420-0834-2
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1103:9986-810-13-2
1099:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1071:0-521-38296-3
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1039:9986-39-112-1
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
968:
966:0-295-98093-1
962:
958:
957:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
932:
930:0-295-98093-1
926:
922:
921:
913:
905:
903:0-929700-56-2
899:
895:
888:
886:
877:
875:0-521-36290-3
871:
867:
860:
858:
843:on 2020-09-20
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:
820:
813:
811:
806:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
779:
768:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
719:Ritterswerder
716:
712:
706:
696:
694:
690:
686:
681:
677:
673:
668:
667:Polish nobles
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
528:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
455:
451:
449:
445:
442:, his sister
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Nevėžis River
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
354:
353:
348:
347:
341:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
164:
160:
157:
155:
151:
147:
144:
143:
138:
135:
131:
126:
122:
118:
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
94:
90:
89:
84:
76:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
53:
49:
46:
45:
41:
35:
30:
25:
20:
2469:(since 1990)
2429:World War II
2284:18th century
2258:(1672–1676)
2239:(1655–1660)
2237:Northern War
2219:(1648–1657)
2185:(1632–1634)
2183:Smolensk War
2157:(1620–1621)
2143:(1618–1648)
2123:(1605–1618)
2089:(1600–1611)
2055:17th century
2015:(1558–1583)
2013:Livonian War
1976:16th century
1950:(1443–1444)
1900:(1409–1411)
1880:15th century
1870:
1843:14th century
1820:13th century
1768:
1749:
1743:
1732:the original
1727:
1723:
1710:
1690:
1661:
1624:
1617:
1598:
1554:
1548:
1529:
1486:
1479:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:the original
1451:
1447:
1437:
1420:
1392:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1352:
1341:
1322:
1313:
1302:. Retrieved
1298:the original
1288:
1264:
1257:
1238:
1208:
1177:
1167:
1150:
1144:
1127:
1093:
1061:
1048:
1029:
996:
955:
919:
912:
893:
865:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
828:
822:
750:Golden Horde
727:
708:
699:Peace treaty
664:
640:Dobrzyń Land
630:for 500,000
621:
598:
588:
584:Dobrzyń Land
578:, for 6,632
533:
487:
460:
422:, up to the
401:
358:
350:
344:
305:
274:
264:
236:Transnistria
221:
171:
169:
86:Belligerents
2488:(2003–2011)
2450:(1944–1990)
2412:(1919–1920)
2406:(1918–1919)
2392:(1918–1940)
2381:(1914–1918)
2379:World War I
2370:(1863–1864)
2364:(1830–1831)
2352:(1803–1815)
2309:War of 1792
2305:(1768–1774)
2299:(1733–1735)
2293:(1700–1721)
2271:(1683–1699)
2252:(1666–1671)
2233:(1654–1667)
2198:(1633–1634)
2115:(1626–1629)
2109:(1621–1625)
2103:(1617–1618)
2047:(1594–1596)
2041:(1591–1593)
2035:(1587–1588)
2029:(1563–1570)
2021:(1577–1582)
2009:(1534–1537)
2003:(1512–1522)
1991:(1507–1508)
1985:(1500–1503)
1968:(1492–1494)
1944:(1431–1435)
1889:(1401–1409)
1852:(1340–1392)
1835:(1283–1422)
723:Neman River
494:Georgenburg
434:, his wife
276:jure uxoris
2502:Categories
2243:The Deluge
1917:Gollub War
1911:Hunger War
1470:2016-07-05
1374:2008-06-30
1304:2009-05-07
847:2008-08-21
802:References
613:Maišiagala
538:, married
463:Königsberg
393:Navahrudak
301:Baltic Sea
218:Background
1812:(to 1795)
1504:cite book
1460:0948-8294
1321:(1992) .
1294:"History"
837:0024-5089
680:Wallachia
548:Lengvenis
522:1391–1392
515:Karigaila
503:Ruthenian
432:Tautvilas
428:Sigismund
420:Samogitia
385:Tautvilas
335:1389–1390
330:Civil war
316:Skirgaila
312:Podlaskie
297:Samogitia
196:Skirgaila
163:Skirgaila
106:Samogitia
50:1389–1392
2486:Iraq War
1496:29110120
1429:79346776
1207:(2004).
1159:84212910
1136:79346776
1056:(1998).
1028:(1999).
1005:66089704
824:Lituanus
764:See also
685:Vygantas
676:Moldavia
558:; their
444:Rymgajla
397:Halshany
256:Vytautas
248:Kęstutis
244:Algirdas
188:Vytautas
146:Vytautas
55:Location
1644:1599888
672:Galicia
660:Hungary
652:Silesia
632:guldens
628:Neumark
626:to buy
617:Merkinė
609:Ukmergė
580:guldens
566:, from
490:Kernavė
481:in the
377:Vilnius
365:Vilnius
252:Jogaila
232:Ukraine
228:Belarus
200:Vilnius
176:Jogaila
60:Prussia
2439:(1941)
2420:(1923)
2358:(1812)
2316:(1794)
2225:(1651)
2210:(1638)
2204:(1637)
2179:(1630)
2173:(1625)
2149:(1619)
2137:(1606)
2129:(1610)
2095:(1605)
1997:(1508)
1919:(1422)
1913:(1414)
1756:
1698:
1668:
1642:
1632:
1605:
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1536:
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1184:
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1003:
963:
927:
900:
872:
835:
831:(33).
734:Trakai
693:Kraków
678:, and
595:Kaunas
440:Sophia
369:Lublin
320:Trakai
308:Hrodna
240:Russia
71:Result
1735:(PDF)
1720:(PDF)
648:Opole
644:Piast
564:Thorn
373:Lutsk
1754:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1640:OCLC
1630:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1510:link
1492:OCLC
1456:ISSN
1425:LCCN
1397:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1155:LCCN
1132:LCCN
1098:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1034:ISBN
1001:LCCN
961:ISBN
925:ISBN
898:ISBN
870:ISBN
833:ISSN
738:Kiev
728:The
611:and
436:Anna
430:and
408:Lyck
395:and
310:and
254:and
246:and
222:The
182:and
170:The
47:Date
650:in
574:of
349:of
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1722:.
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234:,
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