763:“You and I know each other since a long time yet we no longer understand reciprocally each other! Your mission should be to support the restoration of the State and be worried of improper ways hence I cannot be silent. At first, I was of humble rank from the eastern region yet my talent was exaggerated by the Former Emperor and now my rank is the highest among the officials, my salary and bestowment far too many. At this moment, the suppression of the rebels hasn't been accomplished. You who understand that our task is still going would encourage us to receive undeserved favor and wait with glorious titles. It isn't the path of the virtuous. Now, if we vanquish the rebels and slay Cao Rui with the emperor recovering his imperial seat, then both you and I would rise. In that case, I would accept even ten bestowments, all the more for nine!”
740:, the area commander of Hanzhong assigned by Liu Bei, with Li Yan. Li Yan was the acting area commander of the eastern front at the time, so such a move transferred him form the east to the north without technically changing his rank; however, Li Yan did not perceive it thus. On the other hand, Li Yan suggested Zhuge Liang to create a new province, Ba Province, with five commanderies and recommended himself to be the Inspector of this new Ba Province. Zhuge Liang did not agree to Li Yan's suggestion. Li Yan however reassigned his position to Jiangzhou (江州; in present-day Chongqing). In the following years, Li Yan and Zhuge Liang shared a competitive, yet cooperative relationship.
814:
could not deny his fault. Then, Zhuge Liang asked Liu Shan to strip Li Yan off all of his titles and official posts and exile him to Zitong
Commandery. There, Li Yan lived the rest of his life as a civilian until he heard the news of Zhuge Liang's death in 234, after which he became ill and died. Li Yan always hoped that Zhuge Liang would forgive him and reemploy him, thinking that officials replacing Zhuge wouldn't do so. Hence his pain and anger when he heard that Zhuge died. After Li Yan's dismissal from office, Zhuge Liang kept employing his son Li Feng (李豐) and encouraged him to do his best under
806:
failure. Li Yan had the
Advisor to the Army Hu Zhong (狐忠) and the Commander of the Army Cheng Fan (成藩) deliver a letter to Zhuge Liang, informing the commander of the logistic problem, and asked the latter to return. When Zhuge Liang got back to Hanzhong Commandery, Li Yan told him that the food supply was ready and asked him why he retreated. At the same time, Li Yan sent Liu Shan a memo which says "the army feigned retreat in order to lure the enemy to do battle", hoping that Zhuge Liang would resume the war so his failure to transport supplies would go unnoticed.
779:. Zhuge Liang urged Li Yan to lead 20,000 troops to Hanzhong Commandery to defend against the Wei invasion. However, Li Yan did not want to leave his home base and serve under Zhuge Liang, so he told the latter that he should have the right to open an office (just like Zhuge Liang) as a co-regent. Zhuge Liang denied Li Yan's request, but appeased him by allowing his son, Li Feng, to replace him if he did come to Hanzhong Commandery. Li Yan finally went to Hanzhong Commandery under persuasion and pressure from Zhuge Liang.
678:, and appointed Li Yan as Central Protector-General (中都護) to handle all military matters — both imperial guards and standard armies were supposed to be under his command. He was also put in charge of the defense of Yong'an County (永安縣; present-day Fengjie County, Chongqing) near the border between Shu and its ally state Wu. According to Liu Bei's dying wish, Li Yan should be the military paramountcy within the Shu regime. Liu's choice fell on Li because by 223, other original Yi officials likely to be given the position,
842:
this is because there is an absence of Ego. Water and
Mirrors are without Ego and so avoid slander. So all the more difficult for men of high rank put in position of power over people to accept the judgement of others. Promoting people into positions of power yet they have no Ego, pronouncing sentences over people and yet they have no anger. Can one act as such and avoid resentment in this world? Zhuge Liang therefore can be praised for his enforcement of the law; from the Qin era to the Han era, few can compare."
1165:(亮公文上尚書曰：「平為大臣，受恩過量，不思忠報，橫造無端，危恥不辦，迷罔上下，論獄棄科，導人為姦，（狹情）〔情狹〕志狂，若無天地。自度姦露，嫌心遂生，聞軍臨至，西嚮託疾還沮、漳，軍臨至沮，復還江陽，平參軍狐忠勤諫乃止。今篡賊未滅，社稷多難，國事惟和，可以克捷，不可苞含，以危大業。輒與行中軍師車騎將軍都鄉侯臣劉琰，使持節前軍師征西大將軍領涼州刺史南鄭侯臣魏延、前將軍都亭侯臣袁綝、左將軍領荊州刺史高陽鄉侯臣吳壹、督前部右將軍玄鄉侯臣高翔、督後部後將軍安樂亭侯臣吳班、領長史綏軍將軍臣楊儀、督左部行中監軍揚武將軍臣鄧芝、行前監軍征南將軍臣劉巴、行中護軍偏將軍臣費禕、行前護軍偏將軍漢成亭侯臣許允、行左護軍篤信中郎將臣丁咸、行右護軍偏將軍臣劉敏、行護軍征南將軍當陽亭侯臣姜維、行中典軍討虜將軍臣上官雝、行中參軍昭武中郎將臣胡濟、行參軍建義將軍臣閻晏、行參軍偏將軍臣爨習、行參軍裨將軍臣杜義、行參軍武略中郎將臣杜祺、行參軍綏戎都尉盛勃、領從事中郎武略中郎將臣樊岐等議，輒解平任，免官祿、節傳、印綬、符策，削其爵土。」)
655:, the bandit leaders Ma Qin (馬秦) and Gao Sheng (高勝) rebelled. The rebels controlled Zizhong County and gathered several tens of thousands people to join their cause. Since the majority of the mobile forces were deadlocked in the Hanzhong frontline, Li Yan could only muster 5,000-strong local defensive forces in Qianwei Commandery, where he successfully suppressed the revolt and brought back stability and order to the province and his people.
747:, Li Yan wrote that both Kongming and him were entrusted with a difficult task and a lot of responsibilities follows it. Yet, he was lucky to have such a great partner. Zhuge Liang also wrote a letter to Meng Da where he praised Li Yan's abilities and conduct. Li Yan once sent a letter to Zhuge Liang, stating the latter should receive the
732:, a close associate of Zhuge Liang, was selected to be the ambassador to congratulate Sun Quan's enthronement in 229. Before his departure, Chen Zhen told Zhuge Liang that "Li Yan has scales in his stomach" but Zhuge Liang replied that he would rather praise Li Yan than to attack him because the situation had not been settled.
536:, Li Yan was given a higher rank of General of the Agile Cavalry, below only Zhuge Liang. He was assigned to handle logistics, but he was unable to deliver supplies to Zhuge Liang's army in a timely manner. After his attempt to fraudulently cover his inability to follow commands, Li Yan was stripped from positions and power.
1152:(亮具出其前後手筆書疏本末，平違錯章灼。平辭窮情竭，首謝罪負。於是亮表平曰：「自先帝崩後，平所在治家，尚為小惠，安身求名，無憂國之事。臣當北出，欲得平兵以鎮漢中，平窮難縱橫，無有來意，而求以五郡為巴州刺史。去年臣欲西征，欲令平主督漢中，平說司馬懿等開府辟召。臣知平鄙情，欲因行之際偪臣取利也，是以表平子豐督主江州，隆崇其遇，以取一時之務。平至之日，都委諸事，群臣上下皆怪臣待平之厚也。正以大事未定，漢室傾危，伐平之短，莫若褒之。然謂平情在於榮利而已，不意平心顛倒乃爾。若事稽留，將致禍敗，是臣不敏，言多增咎。」乃廢平為民，徙梓潼郡。十二年，平聞亮卒，發病死。平常冀亮當自補復，策後人不能，故以激憤也。)
727:
and repair of the Wu–Shu alliance, Zhuge Liang, utilising his huge bureaucratic power and influence, carried out a series of human resource rearrangement. After prescribing several officers as palace attendants for the young emperor, Zhuge Liang continued to spend considerable effort in strengthening
841:
shed tears and Li Ping to die of despair even though he was responsible for their dismissal from office. Though Water may bend, It stays of utmost evenness and adapt. Though
Mirrors may show ugliness, It reflects without judgement. Both Water and Mirrors reveal the concealed without any complaints;
805:
had been having a series of battles around Mount Qi, and both sides needed backup supplies. However, rainfall rendered the transportation lines impassable, and Li Yan failed to provide supplies to Zhuge Liang's camp. Instead of informing Liu Shan of the situation, Li Yan attempted to cover up his
813:
to deal with Li Yan. On the way back to
Chengdu from Hanzhong Commandery, Zhuge Liang did not reprimand Li Yan, but he secretly preserved Li Yan's letter. When the returning officers greeted the emperor at the imperial palace, Zhuge Liang showed Li Yan's handwritten letter to Liu Shan, so Li Yan
631:
was the most important guidance on the legal system of the Shu Han state later.) Li Yan continued to prove his talent as a commandery administrator — several major civil projects were initiated and conducted under his leadership: a tunnel was dug through Mount
Tianshe, roads along rivers were
836:
to seize three hundred households of the Bo Clan (伯氏). However since Guan Zhong's law enforcement was fair, they never complained. People of wisdom thought this attitude worthy and praised Guan Zhong for his just application of law. In comparison with this, Zhuge Liang's death made
793:
After the Wei attack stalled due to continuous rainfall, Li Yan was not permitted to go back to the east. Instead, Zhuge Liang included Li Yan as a member of his cabinet, granting the latter access to the
Imperial Chancellor's office to help prepare for future
606:
After Liu Bei conquered Yi
Province, Li Yan was appointed as the Administrator (太守) of Qianwei Commandery (犍為郡) and General Who Revives Glory (興業將軍), as a follow-up solidification of the new regime. Even being a newcomer, Li Yan was invited to constitute the
636:, Li Yan's official chief assistant, opposed one of Li Yan's reconstruction projects — the relocation of the Administrator's residency. Li Yan refused to listen to Yang Hong's suggestion; Yang Hong resigned after repeatedly objecting to Li Yan's plan.
659:, the leader of the Sou (叟) tribe, also took this opportunity to attack Xindao County (新道縣), but Li Yan deftly led his unit to defend the county and repelled Gaoding's aggression. For his effort, Li Yan was promoted to General Who Assists Han (輔漢將軍).
735:
Around 226, Li Yan was promoted to
Minister of the Household (光祿勳) and enfeoffed with the Marquis of a Chief District (都鄉侯). The same year, he was given a new rank as General of the Vanguard (前將軍). Later, Zhuge Liang attempted to replace
674:. During this year, he summoned Li Yan to Baidicheng and promoted him to the rank of Prefect of the Masters of Writing (尚書令). On his death bed, Liu Bei specifically asked Li Yan to be a co-regent with Zhuge Liang to take care of his son,
598:, a strategic stronghold that laid before Yi Province's capital Chengdu; however, Li Yan led his subordinates to surrender to Liu Bei when the latter arrived. For his timely defection, Li Yan was appointed as a Major-General.
715:
region, started a rebellion and declared independence from Shu rule, Li Yan tried to tap into his personal influence to dissuade Yong Kai from doing so, by writing a total of six letters to him, but to no avail. Gao Ding and
632:
repaired, infrastructures within his jurisdiction were decorated and rebuilt. Residents under Li Yan's rule were pleased. However, he started to reveal his weak intra-bureaucratic relationship with his peer.
1204:(習鑿齒曰：昔管仲奪伯氏駢邑三百，沒齒而無怨言，聖人以為難。諸葛亮之使廖立垂泣，李平致死，豈徒無怨言而已哉！夫水至平而邪者取法，鏡至明而醜者無怒，水鏡之所以能窮物而無怨者，以其無私也。水鏡無私，猶以免謗，況大人君子懷樂生之心，流矜恕之德，法行於不可不用，刑加乎自犯之罪，爵之而非私，誅之而不怒，天下有不服者乎！諸葛亮於是可謂能用刑矣，自秦、漢以來未之有也。) Xi Zuochi's annotation in
1191:(諸葛亮又與平子豐教曰：「吾與君父子戮力以獎漢室，此神明所聞，非但人知之也。表都護典漢中，委君於東關者，不與人議也。謂至心感動，終始可保，何圖中乖乎！昔楚卿屢絀，亦乃克復，思道則福，應自然之數也。願寬慰都護，勤追前闕。今雖解任，形業失故，奴婢賓客百數十人，君以中郎參軍居府，方之氣類，猶為上家。若都護思負一意，君與公琰推心從事者，否可復通，逝可復還也。詳思斯戒，明吾用心，臨書長歎，涕泣而已。」)
798:. Thus, Li Yan changed his name to "Li Ping", compromised on Zhuge Liang's war plan, and accepted the role of a logistic officer for Zhuge Liang's fourth northern expedition.
1987:
2007:
1237:
879:
era (223–237) in Liu Shan's reign. This month corresponds to 11 Sep to 10 Oct 234 in the Julian calendar. (十二年 ... 其年八月，亮疾病，卒于軍，時年五十四。)
528:
back in 220. Li served most of his career in the mid and late 220s as the area commander for the
Eastern Front centered in Yong An with
1104:. (諸葛亮集) - 亮答书曰：“吾与足下相知久矣，可不复相解！足下方诲以光国，戒之以勿拘之道，是以未得默已。吾本东方下士，误用於先帝，位极人臣，禄赐百亿，今讨贼未效，知己未答，而方宠齐、晋，坐自贵大，非其义也。若灭魏斩叡，帝还故居，与诸子并升，虽十命可受，况於九邪！”
564:
launched a campaign in 208 to seize control of Jing Province, Li Yan became one of the refugees who escaped the province, and entered
1325:
2002:
1320:
720:
also fanned the uprising and the campaign became a major revolution, which prompted Zhuge Liang to retaliate with military force.
594:, Li Yan was assigned as an army controller after initial resistance proved futile. Li was supposed to repel the invading army at
1270:
1992:
1039:
Chen Zhen's original phrase is "(李)正方腹中有鱗甲", which Zhuge Liang interpreted as "Li Yan is easily irritated" (吾以為鱗甲者〔但〕 不當犯之耳).
852:
795:
776:
533:
591:
724:
708:
656:
818:
so he may regain his father's honor. After Li Yan's death, Li Feng reached the rank of Administrator of Zhuti (朱提太守).
1139:(九年春，亮軍祁山，平催督運事。秋夏之際，值天霖雨，運糧不繼，平遣參軍狐忠、督軍成藩喻指，呼亮來還；亮承以退軍。平聞軍退，乃更陽驚，說「軍糧饒足，何以便歸」！欲以解己不辦之責，顯亮不進之愆也。又表後主，說「軍偽退，欲以誘賊與戰」。)
1997:
755:
king of the Shu regime; Zhuge Liang replied that he would do so only after Shu had vanquished its rival state,
637:
1221:
1839:
524:. After the death of Liu Bei, Li Yan was given the rank of General of the Vanguard which was last held by
1263:
532:
as his deputy; he never faced any major battles in his position. However, during the 230s and the 4th of
1849:
1814:
1729:
1423:
729:
1699:
1553:
1443:
1428:
1351:
1346:
828:"In the ancient times, because they were found guilty of an offense and in accordance with the law,
1724:
1648:
1638:
1603:
1518:
883:, vol.35. Since Li Yan died soon after Zhuge's death, his death date should be around October 234.
1769:
1538:
1448:
1356:
1829:
1256:
691:
957:(成都既定，為犍為太守、興業將軍。二十三年，盜賊馬秦、高勝等起事於郪，音淒。合聚部伍數萬人，到資中縣。時先主在漢中，嚴不更發兵，但率將郡士五千人討之，斬秦、勝等首。枝黨星散，悉復民籍。)
1925:
1458:
512:
period of China. He climbed to the zenith of his career when he was asked by the Shu emperor
1739:
1598:
1483:
1315:
687:
8:
1982:
1930:
1673:
1643:
633:
577:
587:, and once again, Li Yan distinguished himself on his new post. Later, when the warlord
1809:
1704:
1523:
1341:
788:
667:
1548:
1935:
1859:
1784:
1779:
1653:
560:, and had earned himself a reputation of being competent. When the northern warlord
1864:
1618:
1578:
1493:
1488:
1463:
748:
1513:
474:
801:
As the fourth expedition dragged on for months, Zhuge Liang and the Wei general
509:
397:
1248:
1976:
1900:
1583:
772:
545:
494:
436:
409:
1910:
829:
824:
commented on Li Yan's cause of death and Zhuge Liang's application of law:
470:
1874:
1744:
1372:
1232:
809:
However, Zhuge Liang absolved himself from the campaign, and returned to
612:
565:
517:
271:
220:
169:
118:
82:
1915:
1879:
1678:
1628:
1593:
1558:
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833:
671:
479:
662:
In 222, Liu Bei suffered a devastating defeat to the eastern warlord,
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1834:
1613:
1568:
1498:
1473:
1418:
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1026:(都護李嚴與闓書六紙，解喻利害，闓但答一紙曰：「蓋聞天無二日，土無二王，今天下鼎立，正朔有三，是以遠人惶惑，不知所歸也。」其桀慢如此。)
821:
815:
573:
1543:
1956:
1905:
1869:
1854:
1789:
1774:
1709:
1694:
1658:
1623:
1608:
1588:
1528:
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1413:
1408:
1382:
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768:
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712:
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210:
159:
108:
72:
1961:
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1920:
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1714:
1533:
1503:
1468:
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1294:
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875:
mentioned that he died in the 8th month of the 12th year of the
1824:
1799:
1754:
1668:
1573:
1563:
1387:
752:
624:
640:, a General of Standard under Li Yan, purportedly defected to
1804:
1759:
1749:
1663:
1633:
1508:
620:
553:
549:
516:
to be the military paramountcy and co-regent alongside
892:(李嚴字正方，南陽人也。少為郡職吏，以才幹稱。荊州牧劉表使歷諸郡縣。曹公入荊州時，嚴宰秭歸，遂西詣蜀，)
544:
During his youth, Li Yan worked as a civil clerk in
1113:(八年，迁骠骑将军。以曹真欲三道向汉川，亮命严将二万人赴汉中。亮表严子丰为江州都督督军，典为后事。)
905:(劉璋以為成都令，復有能名。建安十八年，署嚴為護軍，拒先主於綿竹。嚴率眾降先主，先主拜嚴裨將軍。)
647:In 218, while Liu Bei was wrestling control with
1974:
1061:(建四年，轉為前將軍。以諸葛亮欲出軍漢中，嚴當知後事，移屯江州，留護軍陳到駐永安，皆統屬嚴。)
1278:
611:(蜀科; the code of law for the Shu region) with
1264:
775:against Shu as a form of retaliation against
583:Liu Zhang appointed Li Yan as the Prefect of
1238:Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms
644:after a major fall-out with his supervisor.
690:had surrendered to Wei the year before and
1271:
1257:
1013:(三年，先主疾病，严与诸葛亮并受遗诏辅少主；以严为中都护，统内外军事，留镇永安。)
694:wasn't considered as talented as Li Yan.
504:, was a military general of the state of
987:(輔又越嶲夷率高定遣軍圍新道縣，嚴馳往赴救，賊皆破走。加輔漢將軍，領郡如故。)
782:
697:
601:
539:
918:(後遷昭文將軍，與諸葛亮、法正、劉巴、李嚴共造蜀科；蜀科之制，由此五人焉。)
759:. The letter was written as such :
227:Prefect of the Masters of Writing (尚書令)
1975:
931:(先主定蜀，太守李嚴命為功曹。嚴欲徙郡治舍，洪固諫不聽，遂辭功曹，請退。)
1252:
853:Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
743:In a letter to the recently defected
1988:Government officials under Liu Zhang
1100:Zhuge Liang's reply can be found in
57: – September or October 231
2008:Political office-holders in Sichuan
13:
1087:(亮亦與達書曰：「部分如流，趨捨罔滯，正方性也。」其見貴重如此。)
534:Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions
14:
2019:
702:
556:) under the provincial governor
309:General Who Revives Glory (興業將軍)
2003:People from South Central China
1198:
1185:
1172:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1120:
1107:
1094:
1081:
1074:(嚴與孟達書曰：「吾與孔明俱受寄託，憂深責重，思得良伴。」)
1068:
1055:
1042:
1033:
1020:
1007:
994:
767:In August 230, the Wei general
346:Administrator of Qianwei (犍為太守)
176:Minister of the Household (光祿勳)
89:General of Agile Cavalry (驃騎將軍)
38:Central Protector-General (中都護)
1102:Collected works of Zhuge Liang
981:
964:
951:
938:
925:
912:
899:
886:
865:
777:Zhuge Liang's previous attacks
576:), which was under control of
278:General Who Assists Han (輔漢將軍)
1:
1222:Records of the Three Kingdoms
873:Records of the Three Kingdoms
858:
490:
364:
357:
327:
320:
125:General of the Vanguard (前將軍)
1993:Shu Han government officials
978:(南诏王室族源新探), 《大理文化》2011年第11期.
7:
1126:(亮以明年當出軍，命嚴以中都護署府事。嚴改名為平。)
944:(先為牙門將，統屬江州督李嚴。為嚴所疾，懼罪降魏。)
871:Zhuge Liang's biography in
846:
670:and died not long later in
520:for his son and successor,
457:Marquis of a Chief District
10:
2024:
786:
730:Chen Zhen (Three Kingdoms)
468:
16:Shu Han general (died 234)
1949:
1893:
1687:
1401:
1365:
1335:Princes and royal figures
1334:
1308:
1287:
463:
453:
445:
435:
427:
419:
403:
391:
386:
382:
350:
345:
313:
308:
282:
277:
267:
257:
231:
226:
216:
206:
180:
175:
165:
155:
129:
124:
114:
104:
93:
88:
78:
68:
42:
37:
33:
28:
21:
711:, a local leader in the
686:had already died, while
61:September or October 231
1998:Generals under Liu Bei
1000:(章武二年，先主徵嚴詣永安宮，拜尚書令。)
844:
765:
692:Wu Yi (Three Kingdoms)
568:(covering present-day
548:(covering present-day
1950:Other notable figures
1048:(建興元年，封都鄉侯，假節，加光祿勳。)
826:
796:campaigns against Wei
787:Further information:
783:As a logistic officer
761:
723:After his successful
698:Service under Shu Han
602:Service under Liu Bei
540:Early life and career
1279:Prominent people of
725:southern subjugation
1894:Other notable women
653:Hanzhong Commandery
592:invaded Yi Province
789:Battle of Mount Qi
668:Battle of Xiaoting
1970:
1969:
1860:Zhang Yi (Bogong)
1688:Military officers
773:punitive campaign
467:
466:
2015:
1865:Zhang Yi (Junsi)
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1059:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1005:
998:
992:
985:
979:
968:
962:
955:
949:
942:
936:
929:
923:
916:
910:
903:
897:
890:
884:
869:
749:nine bestowments
500:, also known as
492:
387:Personal details
378:
376:
370:
368:
366:
359:
355:
341:
339:
333:
331:
329:
322:
318:
304:
302:
296:
294:
287:
253:
251:
245:
243:
236:
202:
200:
194:
192:
185:
151:
149:
143:
141:
134:
98:
64:
62:
56:
54:
47:
19:
18:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1945:
1889:
1683:
1397:
1361:
1330:
1321:Empress Jing'ai
1304:
1283:
1277:
1235:(5th century).
1219:(3rd century).
1213:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1008:
999:
995:
986:
982:
969:
965:
956:
952:
943:
939:
930:
926:
917:
913:
904:
900:
891:
887:
870:
866:
861:
849:
791:
785:
705:
700:
604:
542:
484:
458:
408:
396:
374:
372:
363:
361:
356:
351:
337:
335:
326:
324:
319:
314:
300:
298:
292:
290:
288:
283:
249:
247:
241:
239:
237:
232:
198:
196:
190:
188:
186:
181:
147:
145:
139:
137:
135:
130:
99:
94:
60:
58:
52:
50:
48:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1402:Civil officers
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1230:
1211:
1210:
1197:
1184:
1171:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1080:
1067:
1054:
1041:
1032:
1019:
1006:
993:
980:
963:
950:
937:
924:
911:
898:
885:
863:
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
848:
845:
784:
781:
728:ties with Wu.
704:
703:As a co-regent
701:
699:
696:
603:
600:
541:
538:
510:Three Kingdoms
493:October 234),
465:
464:
461:
460:
455:
451:
450:
447:
443:
442:
441:Zhengping (正方)
439:
433:
432:
429:
425:
424:
421:
417:
416:
405:
401:
400:
398:Nanyang, Henan
393:
389:
388:
384:
383:
380:
379:
348:
347:
343:
342:
311:
310:
306:
305:
280:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
229:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
178:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
127:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
91:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
40:
39:
35:
34:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2020:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:Cheng Zhenjue
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:Sima Shengzhi
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1326:Empress Zhang
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1244:
1243:Sanguozhi zhu
1240:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1003:
997:
990:
984:
977:
975:
967:
960:
954:
947:
941:
934:
928:
921:
915:
908:
902:
895:
889:
882:
878:
874:
868:
864:
854:
851:
850:
843:
840:
835:
831:
825:
823:
819:
817:
812:
807:
804:
799:
797:
790:
780:
778:
774:
770:
764:
760:
758:
754:
751:and become a
750:
746:
741:
739:
733:
731:
726:
721:
719:
714:
710:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
599:
597:
593:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:Jing Province
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
495:courtesy name
488:
482:
481:
476:
472:
462:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
438:
437:Courtesy name
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
411:
410:Zitong County
406:
402:
399:
394:
390:
385:
381:
354:
349:
344:
317:
312:
307:
286:
281:
276:
273:
270:
266:
263:
260:
256:
235:
230:
225:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
184:
179:
174:
171:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
133:
128:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
97:
92:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1764:
1242:
1236:
1233:Pei, Songzhi
1226:
1220:
1205:
1200:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1044:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1001:
996:
988:
983:
971:
966:
958:
953:
945:
940:
932:
927:
919:
914:
906:
901:
893:
888:
880:
876:
872:
867:
830:Qi Huan Gong
827:
820:
808:
800:
792:
766:
762:
742:
734:
722:
706:
661:
646:
628:
608:
605:
582:
543:
501:
497:
486:
485:
478:
471:Chinese name
449:Li Ping (李平)
352:
315:
284:
233:
182:
131:
95:
44:
1926:Lady Xiahou
1875:Zhuge Shang
1840:Xiang Chong
1745:Huang Zhong
1373:Zhuge Liang
1178:(豐官至朱提太守。)
970:宋炳龙 (2011)
771:launched a
613:Zhuge Liang
566:Yi Province
518:Zhuge Liang
508:during the
475:family name
272:Zhuge Liang
221:Zhuge Liang
170:Zhuge Liang
119:Zhuge Liang
83:Zhuge Liang
1983:234 deaths
1977:Categories
1916:Lady Huang
1880:Zhuge Zhan
1740:Huang Quan
1679:Zhuge Qiao
1629:Xiang Lang
1599:Wang Chong
1594:Shou Liang
1559:Meng Guang
1479:Guo Youzhi
1316:Empress Wu
1217:Chen, Shou
859:References
834:Guan Zhong
688:Huang Quan
672:Baidicheng
638:Wang Chong
446:Other name
428:Occupation
268:Chancellor
217:Chancellor
166:Chancellor
115:Chancellor
79:Chancellor
1931:Li Zhaoyi
1911:Lady Guan
1850:Zhang Nan
1845:Zhang Fei
1835:Xiahou Ba
1815:Wang Ping
1730:Gao Xiang
1674:Zhang Bao
1644:Yang Hong
1614:Wang Lian
1569:Qiao Zhou
1499:Huang Hao
1474:Guan Xing
1424:Chen Zhen
1419:Chen Shou
1393:Jiang Wei
1378:Jiang Wan
1309:Empresses
1227:Sanguozhi
1206:Sanguozhi
1193:Sanguozhi
1180:Sanguozhi
1167:Sanguozhi
1154:Sanguozhi
1141:Sanguozhi
1128:Sanguozhi
1115:Sanguozhi
1089:Sanguozhi
1076:Sanguozhi
1063:Sanguozhi
1050:Sanguozhi
1028:Sanguozhi
1015:Sanguozhi
1002:Sanguozhi
989:Sanguozhi
976:'s Origin
972:Study on
959:Sanguozhi
946:Sanguozhi
933:Sanguozhi
920:Sanguozhi
907:Sanguozhi
894:Sanguozhi
881:Sanguozhi
822:Xi Zuochi
816:Jiang Wan
666:, at the
634:Yang Hong
578:Liu Zhang
574:Chongqing
498:Zhengfang
353:In office
316:In office
285:In office
234:In office
183:In office
132:In office
96:In office
45:In office
1957:Meng Huo
1906:Lady Gan
1870:Zhao Yun
1855:Zhang Ni
1810:Ma Zhong
1790:Luo Xian
1775:Liao Hua
1710:Deng Zhi
1705:Cheng Ji
1700:Chen Shi
1695:Chen Dao
1659:Yao Zhou
1624:Xi Zheng
1609:Wang Hua
1589:She Yuan
1554:Ma Liang
1529:Li Zhuan
1524:Li Xiang
1459:Fan Jian
1444:Du Qiong
1439:Dong Jue
1429:Chen Zhi
1414:Chang Xu
1409:Chang Ji
1383:Dong Yun
1352:Liu Yong
1347:Liu Xuan
1342:Liu Chen
1300:Liu Shan
1288:Emperors
1208:vol. 40.
1195:vol. 40.
1182:vol. 40.
1169:vol. 40.
1156:vol. 40.
1143:vol. 40.
1130:vol. 40.
1117:vol. 40.
1091:vol. 40.
1078:vol. 40.
1065:vol. 40.
1052:vol. 40.
1030:vol. 43.
1017:vol. 40.
1004:vol. 40.
991:vol. 40.
961:vol. 40.
948:vol. 41.
935:vol. 41.
922:vol. 38.
909:vol. 40.
896:vol. 40.
877:Jianxing
847:See also
832:ordered
769:Cao Zhen
718:Meng Huo
713:Nanzhong
709:Yong Kai
680:Fa Zheng
676:Liu Shan
664:Sun Quan
657:Gao Ding
617:Fa Zheng
558:Liu Biao
530:Chen Dao
522:Liu Shan
469:In this
420:Children
211:Liu Shan
160:Liu Shan
109:Liu Shan
73:Liu Shan
1962:Shamoke
1941:Yuan Fu
1936:Lady Hu
1921:Lady Mi
1885:Zong Yu
1820:Wei Yan
1795:Ma Chao
1785:Liu Yin
1780:Liu Yan
1735:Gong Lu
1725:Fu Rong
1720:Fu Qian
1715:Feng Xi
1654:Yang Yi
1649:Yang Xi
1639:Xu Jing
1604:Wang Fu
1534:Liao Li
1519:Li Miao
1504:Lai Min
1469:Fei Shi
1454:Du Zhen
1434:Dong He
1366:Regents
1295:Liu Bei
1281:Shu Han
974:Nanzhao
839:Liao Li
811:Chengdu
803:Sima Yi
745:Meng Da
738:Wei Yan
684:Dong He
649:Cao Cao
627:. (The
596:Mianzhu
589:Liu Bei
585:Chengdu
570:Sichuan
562:Cao Cao
526:Guan Yu
514:Liu Bei
506:Shu Han
502:Li Ping
454:Peerage
431:General
423:Li Feng
414:Sichuan
395:Unknown
373: (
362: (
336: (
325: (
299: (
291: (
262:Liu Bei
258:Monarch
248: (
240: (
207:Monarch
197: (
189: (
156:Monarch
146: (
138: (
105:Monarch
69:Monarch
59: (
51: (
1825:Wu Ban
1800:Ma Dai
1770:Li Hui
1765:Li Yan
1755:Huo Yi
1669:Yin Mo
1619:Wen Li
1579:Ren Xi
1574:Qin Mi
1564:Mi Zhu
1544:Lü Kai
1539:Liu Ba
1494:He Zhi
1489:He Sui
1484:He Pan
1464:Fei Li
1449:Du Wei
1388:Fei Yi
1357:Liu Li
753:vassal
629:Shu Ke
625:Liu Ba
609:Shu Ke
489:(died
487:Li Yan
473:, the
23:Li Yan
1830:Wu Yi
1805:Ma Su
1760:Ju Fu
1750:Hu Ji
1664:Yi Ji
1634:Xu Ci
1549:Lü Yi
1514:Li Mi
1509:Li Fu
707:When
651:over
621:Yi Ji
554:Hunan
550:Hubei
459:(都鄉侯)
682:and
623:and
572:and
552:and
404:Died
392:Born
371:–218
334:–218
297:–222
246:–223
195:–230
144:–230
757:Wei
642:Wei
477:is
407:234
375:218
367:214
360:214
338:218
330:214
323:214
301:222
293:218
289:218
250:223
242:222
238:222
199:230
191:226
187:226
148:230
140:226
136:226
100:230
53:230
49:230
1979::
1245:).
1229:).
619:,
615:,
580:.
491:c.
480:Li
412:,
365:c.
358:c.
328:c.
321:c.
29:李嚴
1272:e
1265:t
1258:v
1241:(
1225:(
483:.
377:)
369:)
340:)
332:)
303:)
295:)
252:)
244:)
201:)
193:)
150:)
142:)
63:)
55:)
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