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polluted the spring palace . She secretly hid the fact that she had sexual relations with
Emperor Taizong to treacherously receive the emperor's love. Once she got in the palace, she would not yield even in her brows; she falsely implicated others, and she used her fox-like charms to delude the emperor. She finally was able to put on an empress' clothes and put our emperor in position of committing incest. She has a heart similar to a snake and a lizard, and a disposition similar to a wolf. She is close to insidious individuals and murders the faithful and the good. She killed her sister, slaughtered her brothers, murdered her emperor, and poisoned her mother. Both gods and men hate her, and heaven and earth cannot allow her to exist. She continues to harbor a treasonous heart, seeking to steal the symbols of sovereignty. She put the emperor's beloved son under house arrest in another palace, while giving the relatives of thieves important responsibilities. Alas! There is no
312:
Prefecture, Chen
Jingzhi (陳敬之) of plotting treason, and Xue used this as an excuse to arrest Chen. Several days later, Li Jingye arrived by government courier service and claimed that he had been made the new military advisor to the prefect of Yang Prefecture and that he had been commissioned by Empress Dowager Wu to prepare a military action against the tribal chief Feng Ziyou (馮子猷). He thereafter opened up the military depot and had his assistant Li Zongchen (李宗臣) to conscript prisoners and workers at the imperial mint at Yang Prefecture into service. He also executed Chen and another official, Su Chuxing (蘇處行). The other officials did not dare to oppose him, and he took control of Yang Prefecture.
418:, to use the Yangtze River as a natural defense, and despite Wei's pleas that doing so would show that Li Jingye was already looking for a place to hide after defeat and would discourage people from joining the rebellion, Li Jingye accepted Xue's suggestion and headed south to attack Run Prefecture. He quickly captured it—despite defensive efforts by his uncle Li Siwen (李思文), who was then its prefect. (After capturing Li Siwen, he stated to Li Siwen, "Uncle, you are serving as a cohort of the Wus, and you should change your family name to Wu." After Li Jingye's eventual defeat, Empress Dowager Wu did, as a sign of her favor, change Li Siwen's family name to Wu, but eventually exiled him.)
463:
initially unsuccessful—with his subordinate Su
Xiaoxiang (蘇孝祥) dying in battle in the initial attack. Several subsequent attacks by Li Xiaoyi were also unsuccessful. However, after the resistance forces had been worn out, Li Xiaoyi, at the suggestion of Liu Zhirou (劉知柔), used favorable wind conditions set fire to the surrounding grass toward Li Jingye's forces and then attacked along with the fire. Li Jingye's forces were defeated; 7,000 were killed in battle, while many died by drowning while fleeing. Li Jingye and his close associates fled back to Jiangdu (江都, Yang Prefecture's capital) and took their families south to Run Prefecture, planning to head out to sea and then to the
386:
yet dry, and to whom can the two-meter-tall orphan be entrusted? If you can turn disaster into fortune, put things in the past, accomplish the
Restoration together, and not forget about the will of the deceased emperor, your titles and rewards will be as permanent as the mountains and the rivers. If you hold your cities out against us and hesitate on the wrong path, disregarding the signs of the future, you will surely be executed. Look around the realm. Who is its actual ruler?
380:, how distant can the Restoration be? As the sounds of the horses start, so does the north wind; and as the swords are drawn, the fighting sounds to the south cease. Even if we drone quietly the mountains will crumble, and if we yell out, the winds and clouds will change. As we use these to attack the enemy, what enemy will not be destroyed? As we seek to accomplish great things with these, what accomplishment is out of reach?
467:. Li Xiaoyi quickly took Jiangdu and sent forces to chase after Li Jingye. As Li Jingye's party fled to Hailing and met headwind, his subordinate Wang Naxiang (王那相) changed his mind about fleeing and instead killed Li Jingye, Li Jingyou, and Luo Binwang, surrendering to governmental forces with their heads. Tang Zhiqi and Wei Siwen were captured and beheaded.
450:) and Wei Chao and Yuchi Zhao (尉遲昭) to defend Mount Duliang (都梁山, in modern Huai'an as well). As Li Xiaoyi arrived, his officer Lei Renzhi (雷仁智) attacked but initially failed against the resistance forces, and this caused Li Xiaoyi to hesitate and stop his advance. He continued his advance only after his subordinate
421:
Upon hearing of Li Jingye's rebellion, Empress
Dowager Wu commissioned the general Li Xiaoyi (李孝逸), assisted by the generals Li Zhishi (李知十) and Ma Jingchen (馬敬臣), to attack Li Jingye. She also dug up the graves of Li Jingye's grandfather Li Ji and father Li Zhen, posthumously stripped them of their
385:
You, dukes, may be living in Han lands ; or you may be relations of the Zhou ; or you may have been entrusted by word; or you may be asked to look after the imperial house. Your words are still ringing in your ears, so how can you forget your faithfulness? The soil on the new imperial tomb is not
454:
warned him that continuing to halt will cause the perception that the rebellion was a more serious threat than it was—and pointed out that
Empress Dowager Wu might send another general to replace him. Soon, Ma Jingchen was able to kill Yuchi in battle. (Empress Dowager Wu, indeed, commissioned
213:
Meanwhile, it was said that members of the Li imperial clan were all fearful of the developments, and the people were distressed at
Emperor Zhongzong's removal. Around this time, Li Jingye and a number of people who he had known happened to be demoted based on various accusations not recorded in
462:
Meanwhile, Li Xiaoyi, under the suggestions of Wei
Yuanzhong and Xue Kegou (薛克構), decided to attack both Wei Chao and Li Jingyou first, to shake the confidence of the resistance forces. He was successful, and both Wei Chao and Li Jingyou fled. He then attacked Li Jingye's main forces and was
335:
The wrongfully ruling Lady Wu has a disagreeable temper and a dishonorable ancestry. When she was serving as one of the ladies in
Emperor Taizong's palace, she had once taken the opportunity, while Emperor Taizong was changing, to consummate a relationship with him. Later, her lack of virtue
311:
Wei, as the group's strategist, had their cohort Xue
Zhongzhang (薛仲璋), who was then an assistant imperial censor, request an assignment to Yang Prefecture to investigate matters there. Another cohort, Wei Chao (韋超), made a public accusation against the military advisor to the prefect of Yang
357:
Jingye is an old subject of imperial Tang, and a progeny of duke and marquess. He had seen the accomplishment of past emperors, and received great grace from this dynasty. The sadness of Count Wei of Song was not without cause; were
362:'s tears to be for nought? Therefore, he gathered his anger and resolved to secure the empire. As the people of the realm are disappointed, and the state hopes for changes, he raises his flag of righteousness to clear away the evil.
397:
Meanwhile, Wei Siwen suggested to Li Jingye that he head toward Luoyang quickly to show that his intent was to destroy Empress Dowager Wu's regime quickly. however, Xue Zhongzhang advocated attacking Chang (常州, roughly modern
209:
the Prince of Yu (as Emperor Ruizong). Thereafter, she wielded power even more tightly, and she, not Emperor Ruizong, was the one that officials reported to, with Emperor Ruizong not even nominally approving official actions.
375:
region to the north. The iron-like horses will be gathered, and the jade-like wagon axles will connect with each other. The red rice from Hailing will fill the storage, and as the yellow flag rises from the banks of the
394:—who had previously been crown prince but who had been deposed in 680 and whom Empress Dowager Wu had forced to commit suicide earlier in 684—and claimed that Li Xian was still alive and approved of the rebellion.
422:
titles, and ordered that the clan have their family name changed from Li back to Li Ji's original family name of Xu. (Li Ji had been granted the imperial family name of Li after submitting to Tang's founder
296:
Wei Siwen (魏思溫), a one-time assistant imperial censor, had been demoted to be the sheriff of Zhouzhi County, and now was again demoted (although historical accounts do not state where he was demoted again)
482:
331:). He quickly gathered over 100,000 men within 10 days. He also had Luo Binwang draft a declaration against Empress Dowager Wu that was distributed to other prefecture, that stated:
156:(later known as Wu Zetian) had seized personally all power after Emperor Gaozong's death, rose in rebellion against her, but who was quickly defeated and killed in flight.
205:. In spring 684, after Emperor Zhongzong showed signs of independence, she deposed him and reduced him to the title of Prince of Luling, replacing him with his brother
434:
Meanwhile, once Li Jingye heard that Li Xiaoyi was set to arrive, he returned from Run Prefecture to Yang Prefecture, and set his camp at Xia'a (下阿, at modern
308:). Displeased over their demotions, they planned to start a rebellion against Empress Dowager Wu, declaring as their goal Emperor Zhongzong's restoration.
515:
497:, but Tang officials valued service in or near the capital, so Luo and everyone else around him would have perceived this as a demotion.
543:(whose name meant "flying swallow" because she was said to have danced like one) -- at how she was so jealous of Emperor Cheng's
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was demoted from being a secretary at the county government of Chang'an County (one of the two counties making up the capital
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632:
327:, to show that he intended to restore Emperor Zhongzong. He declared himself the Great General for Restoration (匡復府上將,
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The office of the prefect appeared to be vacant at that time, and so Chen would have effectively been acting prefect.
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Li Jingye's brother Li Jingyou (李敬猷) was removed from his post as magistrate of Zhouzhi County (盩厔, in modern
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that she would kill them if they were pregnant, thus eventually causing Emperor Cheng to die without an heir.
168:'s oldest son Li Zhen (李震), who had predeceased Li Shiji (who then had changed his name to Li Ji to observe
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to prepare to defend against Li Xiaoyi's attack, while sending Li Jingyou to attack Huaiyin (淮陰, in modern
197:(as Emperor Zhongzong), but actual and superior power was in the hands of Emperor Gaozong's powerful wife
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595:, and was said to have desperately counseled King Zhou to change his ways to no avail before Shang fell.
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Li Jingye mobilized the troops from Yang Prefecture and declared the restoration of Emperor Zhongzong's
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Li Jingye also found a person who was similar in appearance to Emperor Zhongzong's older brother
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281:, was demoted from being an auditor under the head of the household at the palace of the
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459:, against Li Jingye, although Li Jingye would be defeated before Heichi could arrive.)
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180:, Li Jingye, as Li Ji's oldest grandson, inherited Li Ji's title as the Duke of Ying.
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637:
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556:
This is a reference to a legend that, during the reign of Xia dynasty's last ruler
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Li Jingye was demoted from being the prefect of Mei Prefecture (眉州, roughly modern
226:) to be the military advisor to the prefect of Liu Prefecture (柳州, roughly modern
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117:
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This is a reference to a children's tune said to be popular during the reign of
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140:(徐敬業), was a Chinese military general and politician who was a grandson of the
348:'s rule was known to be at an end; when the dragons mated before the emperor,
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588:
522:
451:
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Tang Zhiqi (唐之奇) was demoted from being supervising imperial attendant (給事中,
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It is not known when Li Jingye was born. He was probably the oldest son of
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580:
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282:
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141:
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606:
Chinese History Dictionary: Volume of Historical Geography (中国历史大辞典·历史地理卷)
560:, dragons were said to have appeared at his court and openly mated. See
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has already been wiped out. When a swallow poked at an imperial prince,
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608:. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. 1996. p. 23.
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These people all met in Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern
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Emperor Gaozong died in 683 and was succeeded by his son
252:) to be the magistrate of Guacang County (栝蒼, in modern
183:
277:
Du Qiuren (杜求仁), a nephew of the deceased chancellor
579:Count Wei of Song -- the founder of the state of
517:Declaration on Xu Jingye's Behalf Against Wu Zhao
285:to be the magistrate of Yi County (黟縣, in modern
664:
136:(李敬業) (died December 29, 684), also known as
371:peoples to the south and conscript from the
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16:Chinese military general and politician
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414:) Prefectures first, and then seizing
184:Rebellion against Empress Dowager Wu
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13:
14:
694:
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352:'s court was known to be failing.
270:) to be the secretary general of
587:-- was said to be a brother of
201:(later known as Wu Zetian), as
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563:Records of the Grand Historian
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406:) and Run (潤州, roughly modern
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493:Technically, this was a
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683:Tang dynasty generals
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329:Kuangfu Fu Shangjiang
214:historical accounts:
537:Emperor Cheng of Han
471:Notes and references
23:Li Jingye/Xu Jingye
673:7th-century births
455:another general,
342:Marquess of Zhuxu
340:present, and the
152:'s powerful wife
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638:New Book of Tang
628:Old Book of Tang
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430:Defeat and death
67:Personal details
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373:Yellow River
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360:Yuan Junshan
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328:
321:
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283:crown prince
249:
212:
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170:naming taboo
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142:Tang dynasty
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114:Chinese name
41:
541:Zhao Feiyan
279:Du Zhenglun
264:Luo Binwang
189:Preparation
148:who, after
118:family name
52:Preceded by
678:684 deaths
667:Categories
641:, vol. 93.
631:, vol. 67.
545:concubines
250:Jishizhong
199:Empress Wu
160:Background
154:Empress Wu
102:Li Zhen 李震
593:King Zhou
495:promotion
436:Tianchang
426:in 619.)
408:Zhenjiang
400:Changzhou
338:Huo Guang
287:Huangshan
138:Xu Jingye
134:Li Jingye
88:Relations
42:In office
651:, vols.
526:, vo. 7.
483:兩千年中西曆轉換
325:era name
302:Yangzhou
268:Chang'an
258:Zhejiang
166:Li Shiji
146:Li Shiji
144:general
112:In this
92:Li Shiji
57:Li Shiji
583:during
448:Jiangsu
444:Huai'an
416:Jinling
412:Jiangsu
404:Jiangsu
392:Li Xian
378:Yangtze
322:Sisheng
306:Jiangsu
243:Shaanxi
232:Guangxi
228:Liuzhou
224:Sichuan
220:Meishan
46:669–684
25:李敬業/徐敬業
612:
568:vol. 4
440:Gaoyou
316:Launch
274:County
272:Linhai
254:Lishui
207:Li Dan
195:Li Zhe
116:, the
99:Parent
291:Anhui
239:Xi'an
610:ISBN
581:Song
172:for
80:Died
72:Born
657:203
653:201
558:Jie
438:),
369:Yue
350:Xia
346:Han
120:is
75:636
669::
655:,
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446:,
410:,
402:,
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289:,
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230:,
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127:Xú
125:/
123:Li
659:.
618:.
570:.
293:)
260:)
130:.
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