Lawrence Sullivan Ross

585: 817:. Early in the battle, Ross and his men successfully stampeded the Comanche horses, leaving the Comanche warriors at a disadvantage when facing the mounted troops. When many Comanche tried to flee the area, Ross, one of his scouts, Lieutenant Cornelius Van Camp of the 2nd Cavalry, and one of his troopers chased a party of noncombatants that appeared to contain a white child. On Ross's orders, his man grabbed the child; as the four turned to rejoin the battle, they were confronted by 25 Comanche warriors. Van Camp and the private were killed with arrows, and Ross received an arrow through his shoulder. A Comanche picked up the trooper's carbine and fired a 0.58-caliber bullet through Ross's chest. His attacker, Mohee, was a Comanche warrior Ross had known since childhood. Mohee was killed by buckshot fired by Lieutenant James Majors of the 2nd Cavalry as the warrior approached the temporarily paralyzed Ross with a 1273:. He declined and asked his friend George Clark to attend the 1884 state Democratic convention to prevent Ross from being named the gubernatorial candidate. Clark had to produce written authorization from Ross to convince the delegates to nominate someone else. Ross changed his mind in late 1885, announcing his candidacy for governor on February 25, 1886. During the campaign, he was variously accused of pandering to the Greenbackers, the Republicans, and the Knights. Ross spent no money on his campaign other than traveling expenses, but still handily won the Democratic nomination. He won the general election with 228,776 votes, compared with 65,236 for the Republican candidate and 19,186 from the Prohibitionist candidate. Much of his support came from Confederate veterans. 932: 1293: 1579:

field, nor was he masterful in the art of politics, but, better than either, he was a well-balanced, well-rounded man from whatever standpoint one might estimate him. In his public relations he exhibited sterling common sense, lofty patriotism, inflexible honesty and withal a character so exalted that he commanded at all times not only the confidence but the affection of the people. ... He leaves a name that will be honored as long as chivalry, devotion to duty and spotless integrity are standards of our civilization and an example which ought to be an inspiration to all young men of Texas who aspire to careers of public usefulness and honorable renown.

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All of the US soldiers and 20 of the Rangers continued on. When they neared the village, Charles Goodnight scouted ahead. Hidden from view by a dust storm, he was able to get within 200 yd (180 m) of the village and saw signs that the tribe was preparing to move on. Realizing his own horses were too tired for a long pursuit, Ross resolved to attack immediately, before the civilians were able to rejoin the group. Ross led the Rangers down the ridge, while the soldiers circled around to cut off the Comanche retreat. These "aggressive tactics of carrying the war to the Comanche fireside...ended charges of softness in dealing with the Indians."

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97,000 on improvements and new buildings. This included construction of a mess hall, which could seat 500 diners at once, an infirmary, which included the first indoor toilets on campus, an artesian well, a natatorium, four faculty residences, an electric light plant, an ice works, a laundry, a cold storage room, a slaughterhouse, a gymnasium, a warehouse, and an artillery shed. Despite the expenditures on facilities, the school treasury held a surplus in 1893 and 1894. The 1894 financial report credited the surplus to Ross's leadership, and Ross ensured the money was returned to the students in the form of lower fees.

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three-story dormitory with 41 rooms (named Ross Hall), the beginning of construction on a new home for the president, and a new building to house the machine and blacksmith shops. The minimum age for enrollment decreased from 16 to 15, and Ross now personally interviewed all prospective students to determine if they should be admitted. Fees and expenses rose by $ 10 per session, and the number of hours required for graduation increased, including additional hours in English grammar, sciences, mathematics, and history. Additionally, Ross would now appoint the officers for the

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governor and asked Ross to resign his office immediately. Ross agreed to consider the offer, as well as several others he had received. An unknown person informed several newspapers that Ross had been asked to become Texas AMC's president, and each of the newspapers editorialized that Ross would be a perfect fit. The college had been founded to teach military and agricultural knowledge, and Ross had demonstrated excellence in the army and as a farmer. His gubernatorial service had honed his administrative skills, and he had always expressed an interest in education.

135: 1624: 1280:, a tradition followed by every subsequent Texas governor. Under the 1876 Texas Constitution, which he had helped write, the governor was granted the power to be commander-in-chief, to convene the legislature, to act as executor of the laws, to direct trade with other states, to grant pardons, and to veto bills. His campaign had focused on land-use reform, as most of the frontier issues now resulted from disagreements over the use of public land, especially between farmers and ranchers concerned with water rights and grazing issues. At Ross's urging, the 437: 4343: 4336: 1214:. One of three members appointed to wait upon convention president-elect E.B. Pickett, Ross was also named to a committee that would determine what officers and employees were needed by the convention. He sat on many other committees, including Revenue and Taxation, the Select Committee on Frontier Affairs, the Select Committee on Education, and the Standing Committee on the Legislative Department. Of the 68 days of the convention, Ross attended 63, voted 343 times, and missed or abstained from voting only 66 times. 1233:, he was a member of the Senate Committees on Agricultural Affairs, Contingent Expenses, Educational Affairs, Enrolled Bills, Finance, Internal Improvements, Penitentiaries, Senatorial and Representative Districts, Apportionment, State Affairs, Statistics of Industries, Public Health, and History of Texas, Stock and Stock Raising, and was the chair of the Committee on Military Affairs. Ross introduced a petition on behalf of 500 citizens of McLennan County, requesting a 701:. Despite his popularity, Ross refused to run for a third term as governor. Days after leaving office, he became the fourth president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University). He is credited with reorganizing the school's finances to save it from closure by the state legislature and opening the first classes to women who were daughters of professors. His tenure saw a large expansion in college facilities and the birth of many 1431: 1652: 1422:

Ross had supervised during the Civil War wanted their sons to study under their former commander, and 500 students attempted to enroll at the beginning of the 1890–1891 school year. Although the facilities were only designed for 250 scholars, 316 students were admitted. When Ross officially took charge of the school on February 2, the campus had no running water, faced a housing shortage, was taught by disgruntled faculty, and many students were running wild.

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enrolled at Florence Wesleyan University in Florence, Alabama. The Wesleyan faculty originally deemed his mathematics knowledge so lacking, they refused his admittance; the decision was rescinded after a professor agreed to tutor Ross privately in the subject. At Wesleyan, students lived with prominent families instead of congregating in dormitories, thus giving them "daily exposure to good manners and refinement". Ross lived with the family of his tutor.

34: 1360:. While in New York, Ross was extremely popular with journalists. He was interviewed by several large northeastern newspapers, which recounted in detail many of his exploits along the frontier. According to his biographer Judith Brenner, the trip and the resulting exposure for Ross, "excited much interest in Texas among easterners, an interest that would eventually bear fruit in increased investment, tourism, and immigration". 1584: 989: 1087:. Under Ross's command, his Texans twice captured Union guns at Battery Robinett. They were forced to retreat from their position each time as reinforcements failed to arrive. During the battle, Ross, who had acquired a horse, was bucked off, leading his men to believe he had been killed. He was actually unharmed. The Confederate Army retreated from the battle and found themselves facing more Union troops at 1850:

peace. His mother's ancestry was Germanic. American nobility of head, heart and physique is not derived from a narrow family line, but springs from the broad plain of the people. From the people even princes choose their best support for the respective thrones. We call them governors, presidents, but crown them not. They need no crown, their words and works proclaim the true nobility.

1324:. Sheriff Jim Garvey feared armed battles would occur between the white-supremacist Democrats (the Jaybirds) and the black men who had retained political power (who, with their white supporters, were known as Woodpeckers). At Garvey's request, Ross sent two militia companies, which managed to impose a four-month peace. In August 1889, Ross sent four Texas Rangers, including Sergeant 1460:

and would often call poorly performing students into his office for a discussion of their difficulties. Under his leadership, the military aspect of the college was emphasized. However, he eliminated many practices he considered unnecessary, including marching to and from class, and he reduced the amount of guard time and the number of drills the students were expected to perform.

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Ann Parker and her daughter, shown in 1861. The civilian posse arrived at the battleground as the fighting finished. Although they initially congratulated Ross for winning the battle, some of them later complained that Ross had pushed ahead without them so he would not have to share the glory or the spoils of war.

802:, a Penateka Comanche chief who had led several deadly raids on Texas settlements. Fearing that Shapley Ross was too ill to lead them on the expedition, the Indians appointed Sul Ross as commander. With his father's approval, the younger Ross led the 135 warriors to accompany 225 troops led by brevet Major 1463:

Although enrollment had always been limited to men, Ross favored coeducation, as he thought the male cadets "would be improved by the elevating influence of the good girls". In 1893, Ethel Hudson, the daughter of a Texas AMC professor, became the first woman to attend classes at the school and helped

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Though Ross was concerned about the appearance of a conflict of interest, as he had appointed many of the board members who had elected him, he announced he would accept the position. As the news of his acceptance spread throughout the state, prospective students flocked to Texas AMC. Many of the men

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Ross felt strongly that the state should adequately care for its veterans. During his first term, the first Confederate home in Texas was dedicated in Austin. Within two years, the facility had run out of room, so Ross served as chairman of a committee to finance a relocation to a larger facility. By

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During his term, the legislature agreed to allow the public to vote on a state constitutional amendment for the prohibition of alcohol. Ross vehemently opposed the measure, saying, "No government ever succeeded in changing the moral convictions of its subjects by force." The amendment was defeated by

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During his time in office, Ross proposed tax reform laws intended to provide for more equitable assessments of property; at that time, people were allowed to assess their own belongings with little oversight. The legislature passed his recommendations, and approved his plan to exert more control over

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of November and December 1864. Ross and his men led the Confederate advance into Tennessee. Between the beginning of November and December 27, his men captured 550 prisoners, several hundred horses, and enough overcoats and blankets to survive the winter chill. Only 12 of Ross's men were killed, with

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the authors contend most of the material in the 1886 book of James T. Deshields was falsified or exaggerated for political gain. They also offer primary documentation that Peta Nocona was not at the scene, but rather died around 1865, not in December 1860, and that only 15 Comanches were in the camp.

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Seven men, women, and children were killed and around seven or more escaped. US soldiers came upon a woman who held a child over her head; the men did not shoot, but instead surrounded and stopped her. Ross admitted to a cousin of Cynthia Ann Parker that he played no hand in helping to rescue Cynthia

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on October 17, 1860, to find the local citizens they were sworn to protect had passed a resolution asking Ross to resign his commission and leave the frontier. The citizens erroneously believed the raiding was committed by Native Americans from the reservations, and they feared Ross's friendship with

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so Ross and his older siblings could attend school. Four years later, they relocated again. By this time, Shapley Ross was well known as a frontiersman, and to coax him to settle in the newly formed community of Waco, the family was given four city lots, exclusive rights to operate a ferry across the

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on December 30 and consulted a doctor. Ross remained in pain for several days, and in the early evening of January 3, 1898, he died at his home, aged 59 years and 3 months. Although no death certificate was filed, "evidence points to a coronary heart attack as the probable cause of death."

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to identify her. Several modern (non-contemporary) sources report that when Parker mentioned his kidnapped niece had been named Cynthia Ann Parker, the woman slapped or pointed at her chest and said "Me Cincee Ann." Parker never returned to the Comanche people, and "was not particularly grateful" to

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Immediately after the soldiers arrived on December 11, Ross and 39 Rangers departed for the Comanche village. On December 13, they met the civilian posse, which had grown to 69 members. After several days of travel, the fast pace and poor foraging forced the civilians to stop and rest their horses.

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Governor L. S. Ross, the citizen Soldier and Statesman, was born at Benton's Post, Iowa, in 1838. From his father's lineage Lawrence Sullivan inherited the strength, energy, and endurance of body and mind so characteristic of the Scot, and he has honored his ancestry as a noble chieftain in war and

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L. S. Ross' father was S. P. Ross, who immigrated to Texas in 1839. He will ever live in Texas history as the killer of "Big Foot," the Comanche chief. Following the death of this dreaded chief, was the sleepless and effective crusade against the rapacious and treacherous tribes of the Comanche and

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because it had little confidence in the school's administrators. The board of directors decided the school, known as Texas AMC, needed to be run by an independent administrative chief rather than the faculty chairman. On July 1, 1890, the board unanimously agreed to offer the new job to the sitting

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By the time Ross began a 90-day furlough on March 13, 1865, he had participated in 135 engagements with Union troops and his horse had been shot out from under him five times, yet he had escaped serious injury. With his leave approved, Ross hurried home to Texas to visit the wife he had not seen in

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Eager to further his education, Ross entered the Preparatory Department at Baylor University (then in Independence, Texas) in 1856, despite the fact that he was several years older than most of the other students. He completed the two-year study course in one year. Following his graduation, he

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It has been the lot of few men to be of such great service to Texas as Sul Ross. ... Throughout his life he has been closely connected with the public welfare and ... discharged every duty imposed upon him with diligence, ability, honesty and patriotism. ... He was not a brilliant chieftain in the

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Ross had always been an avid hunter, and he embarked on a hunting trip along the Navasota River with his son Neville and several family friends during Christmas vacation in 1897. While hunting, he suffered acute indigestion and a severe chill and decided to go home early while the others continued

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Ross made himself accessible to students and participated in school activities whenever possible. Those around him found him "slow to condemn but ready to encourage ... could not recall hearing Ross use profanity or seeing him visibly angry." Every month, he prepared grade sheets for each student

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in August 1874. Ross became one of a committee of three assigned to draft resolutions for the convention. They asked for greater pay for sheriffs in certain circumstances, condemned the spirit of mob law, and proposed that state law be modified so arresting officers could use force if necessary to

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By 1873, Reconstruction in Texas was coming to an end. In December, Ross was elected sheriff of McLennan County, "without campaigning or other solicitation". Ross promptly named his brother Peter a deputy, and within two years, they had arrested over 700 outlaws. In 1874, Ross helped establish the

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After five hours of fighting, the troops subdued the Comanche resistance. Buffalo Hump escaped, but 70 Comanches were killed or mortally wounded, two of them noncombatants. Ross's injuries were severe, and for five days, he lay under a tree on the battlefield, unable to be moved. His wounds became

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When Ross took the governor's oath of office, Texas had only four state-owned charitable institutions—two insane asylums, an institute for the blind, and an institute for the deaf and dumb. By the time he left office, Ross had supervised the opening of a state orphan's home, a state institute for

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Reconstruction did not harm Ross's fortune, and with hard work, he soon prospered. Shortly after the war ended, he bought 20 acres (8.1 ha) of land in town from his parents for $ 1,500. By May 1869, he had purchased an additional 40 acres (16 ha) of farmland for $ 400, and the following

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Enrollment continued to rise, and by the end of his tenure, Ross requested that parents first communicate with his office before sending their sons to the school. The increase in students necessitated an improvement in facilities, and from late 1891 until September 1898, the college spent over $

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from the 22nd District. The nominating convention deadlocked between two candidates, with neither receiving a two-thirds majority. As a compromise, one of the delegates suggested the group nominate Ross. Although no one asked Ross whether he wanted to run for office, the delegates elected him as

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amnesty proclamation of May 29, 1865. To prevent his arrest and the confiscation of his property, on August 4, 1865, Ross applied for a special pardon. President Johnson personally approved Ross's application on October 22, 1866, but Ross did not receive and formally accept the pardon until July

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Beginning in May, the brigade endured 112 consecutive days of skirmishes, comprising 86 separate clashes with the Union forces. Though most of the skirmishes were small, by the end of the period, injuries and desertion had cut the regiment's strength by 25%. Ross was captured in late July at the

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In early 1862, Ross returned to duty. By late February, 500 troops and he were assigned to raid the Union Army. He led the group 70 mi (110 km) behind the enemy lines, to Keetsville (now Washburn), Missouri, where they gathered intelligence, destroyed several wagonloads of commissary

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as a child, and lived with them from the time he was six years old until he was rescued at 23. His father, Shapley Ross, was a ranger and Indian agent who often skirmished with Native Americans on the frontier. The experiences and stories told to young Sul caused him to grow up with an animosity

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By the late 1880s, rumors abounded of "poor management, student discontent, professorial dissatisfaction, faculty factionalism, disciplinary problems, and campus scandals" at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University). The public was skeptical of the idea of

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Ross returned home for several months. In the middle of August, he departed, with his company, for Missouri, leaving his wife with her parents. On September 7, his group became Company G of Stone's Regiment, later known as the Sixth Texas Cavalry. The other men elected Ross as the major for the

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When Cynthia Ann Parker was taken to Ft. Cooper, US command realized the captured woman had blue eyes. The woman could not speak English and did not remember her birth name or details of her life prior to joining the Comanche. After much questioning, she was able to provide a few details of her

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and another militia company. Ross fired all the local civil officials and called together representatives from both factions. On his suggestion, the two groups agreed to choose a mutually acceptable sheriff to replace Garvey, who had been killed in the firefight. When they could not agree on a

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with overall command of the Texas Rangers. Dalrymple, unaware of Houston's verbal orders, castigated Ross for disbanding his company. Ross completed the reorganization of the company, then returned to Waco and resigned his commission. In his letter of resignation, effective February 1861, Ross

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Governor Ross was born at Benton's Post, Iowa, in the year 1838, and came to Texas with his father. His mind familiarized with his father's recitals of Indian warfare, and his heart was inspired to vigilance and action to that foe wherever occasion demanded, and well he did execute the inborn

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The board of directors named Ross the treasurer of the school, and he posted a $ 20,000 personal bond "for the faithful performance of his duty". In the break between school years, Ross instituted a number of changes. When students returned for the 1891–1892 school year, they found a new

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building. Later that year, Ross ran relatively unopposed for a second term. His platform included abolishing the national banking system, regulating monopolies, reducing tariffs, and allowing the railroads to regulate themselves through competition. No other Democrats placed their names in

1128:. After bitter fighting, the Confederates were victorious. During the surrender negotiations, the Union officer accused the Texans of murdering several captured African American soldiers. Ross claimed two of his men had likewise been killed after surrendering to Union troops. 825:

infected, and Ross begged the others to kill him to end his pain. When he was able to travel, he was first carried on a litter suspended between two mules, and then on the shoulders of his men. He recovered fully, but experienced some pain for much of the rest of the year.

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of placing pennies at the feet of statue before exams for good luck. School legend states that Ross would often tutor students, and as payment would accept only a penny for their thoughts. At exam time, his statue, located in Academic Plaza, is often covered in pennies.

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Brazos, and the right to buy 80 acres (32 ha) of farmland at US$ 1 per acre. In March 1849, the Ross family built the first house in Waco, a double-log cabin on a bluff overlooking the springs. Ross's sister Kate soon became the first Caucasian child born in Waco.

1395:, when schoolchildren should endeavor to plant trees. He also supported the legislature's efforts to purchase the Huddle portrait gallery, a collection of paintings of each governor of Texas. These paintings continue to hang in the rotunda of the Texas State Capitol. 1309:

contention at the nominating convention, and the Republicans chose not to select a candidate, as they were happy with Ross's performance. His sole competition was a Prohibitionist whom Ross defeated by over 151,000 votes. In his second inaugural address, Ross, a true

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supplies, captured 60 horses and mules, and took 11 prisoners. The following month, the regiment was assigned to Earl Van Dorn, now a major general, with whom Ross had served during the battle at the Wichita Village. Under Van Dorn, the group suffered a defeat at the

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When Ross returned home, Houston asked him to disband the company and form a new company of 83 men, promising to send written directives soon. While Ross was in the process of supervising this reorganization, Houston appointed Captain William C. Dalrymple as his new

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conducted numerous raids on various settlements, culminating in the brutal killing of a pregnant woman. On hearing of these incidents, Houston sent several 25-man companies to assist Ross. A citizen's posse had tracked the raiders to their winter village along the

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and returned to Texas. Once there, he discovered no one had been able to trace the family of the young Caucasian girl rescued during the Wichita Village fight. He adopted the child and named her Lizzie Ross, in honor of his new fiancée, Elizabeth Dorothy Tinsley.

1328:, to quell the unrest. Violence erupted, leaving four people dead and injuring six, including a Ranger. Aten wired Ross for help. The following morning, the Houston Light Guard arrived and instituted martial law; that evening, Ross arrived with an assistant 1186:

year, his wife inherited 186 acres (75 ha) of farmland from the estate of her father. Ross continued to buy land, and by the end of 1875, he owned over 1,000 acres (400 ha) of farmland. Besides farming, Ross and his brother Peter also raised

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edit the annual yearbook. She was made an honorary member of the class of 1895. Several years later, her twin sisters became honorary members of the class of 1903, and slowly other daughters of professors were allowed to attend classes.

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Within weeks of Ross's death, former cadets at Texas AMC began gathering funds for a monument. In 1917, the state appropriated $ 10,000 for the monument, and two years later, a 10-ft (3 m) bronze statue of Ross, sculpted by

1028:. One week after his May 28 wedding to Lizzie Tinsley, Ross set out for the Indian Territory. Upon reaching the Washita Agency, he discovered the Confederate commissioners had already signed a preliminary treaty with the tribes. 1535:. While he pondered whether to resign his position and accept the appointment, letters and petitions poured into his office begging him to remain at Texas AMC. He declined the appointment and remained president of the college. 1071:

Over Ross's protests, the men of the Sixth Regiment elected him colonel in 1862. He did not want the responsibility of the position and had not wanted to embarrass a friend who wanted the job. Their brigade commander, General

1040:. Both times, Ross successfully slipped behind the Union Army lines, gathered information, and retreated before being caught. After completing the missions, he was granted a 60-day leave and returned home to visit his wife. 907:. As the village contained at least 500 warriors and many women and children, the posse returned to the settlements to recruit additional fighters. Ross requested help from the US Army at Camp Cooper, which sent 21 troops. 1372:

school funds and to require local taxation to support the public schools. He also encouraged the legislature to enact antitrust laws. These were passed March 30, 1889, a full year before the federal government enacted the

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maintained his father was not present at the battle, and instead died three or four years later. She identified the man Martinez shot as a Mexican captive, the personal servant of Nocona's wife, Cynthia Ann Parker. In

1157:, on May 14, 1865. Because he was not present at the surrender, Ross did not receive a parole protecting him from arrest. As a Confederate Army officer over the rank of colonel, Ross was also exempted from President 871:

tribe, who had murdered two white families. The tribe had been warned of the Rangers's approach and set the prairie ablaze. The Rangers were forced to abandon their mission when confronted with the massive wildfire.

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Personnel of the Texas State Government, with sketches of Distinguished Texans embracing the Executive and Staff, Heads of the Departments, United States Senators and Representatives, Members of the Twenty-First

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boy found was found hiding alone in the tall grass. Ross took the child with him, naming him Pease. Though Pease was later given the choice to return to his people, he repeatedly declined and was raised by Ross.

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west of Waco, and 5.41 acres (2.19 ha) in town. For the first time, his wife and he were able to establish their own home. They expanded their family, having eight children over the next 17 years.

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Personnel of the Texas State Government with Sketches of Distinguished Texans, Embracing the Executive Staff, Heads of Departments, United States Senators and Representatives, Members of the XXth legislature

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informed Houston of his encounter with Dalrymple, and noted he did not believe a Ranger company could be effective if the captain did not report solely to the governor. Houston offered to appoint Ross as an

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and Catherine Fulkerson. Ross was jointly named for his paternal uncle, Giles O. Sullivan, and his father's grandfather and brother, both named Lawrence Ross. The senior Lawrence Ross had been captured by

3596: 1060:. Ross soon caught a bad cold accompanied by a lingering fever, and was extremely ill for eight weeks. By the time he considered himself cured, his weight had dwindled to only 125 lb (57 kg). 1313:, maintained, "a plain, simple government, with severe limitations upon delegated powers, honestly and frugally administered, as the noblest and truest outgrowth of the wisdom taught by its founders." 1048:; Ross attributed their loss solely to Van Dorn, and blamed him for overmarching and underfeeding his troops, and for failing to properly coordinate the plan of attack. In April, the group was sent to 1891: 1447:, vowing to expel any student found guilty of the practice. Although Ross professed to enjoy his new position, he wrote to several people that directing the college "made me turn gray very fast." 867:. When Smith was promoted, the other men in the company unanimously voted to make Ross the new captain. In conjunction with several other Ranger companies, Ross led his men to retaliate against a 1363:

Ross declined to become the first Texas governor to run for a third term, and left office on January 20, 1891. During his four years in office, he vetoed only 10 bills, and issued 861 pardons.

762:) of land along the Little River. While living in Milam, they became slave owners, enabled by the government grant of land. Their land adjoined Comanche territory and was raided several times. 1182:

of March 2, 1867. This act, and the Supplementary Reconstruction Act passed three weeks later, disenfranchised anyone who had held a federal or state office before supporting the Confederacy.

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The entire Texas AMC student body accompanied Ross's body back to Waco, where Confederate veterans in gray uniforms formed an honor guard. Several thousand people attended Ross's burial at

4002: 1098:. Ross was permitted to take a few weeks leave in November 1862 to visit his wife, and returned to his regiment in mid-January 1863. Several months later, his unit participated in the 3928: 278: 1443:, and the name of the company of best-drilled cadets in the Corps would change to the Ross Volunteers (from Scott Volunteers). Finally, Ross enacted an official prohibition against 924: 693:, Ross spent the next decade focused on his farm and ranch concerns. In 1887, he became the 19th governor of Texas. During his two terms, he oversaw the dedication of the new 1376:. His reform acts were beneficial for the state, leading Ross to become the only Texas governor to call a special session of the legislature to deal with a treasury surplus. 147: 2272: 1113:

Ross fell ill again in September 1863. From September 27 through March 1864, he suffered recurring attacks of fever and chills every three days, symptomatic of tertiary

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learned of Ross's role and offered him a direct commission in the Army. Eager to finish his education, Ross declined Scott's offer, and returned to school in Alabama.

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Although the Texas Legislature typically meets once every two years, a fire destroyed the state capitol building in November 1881, and Ross was called to serve in a

1076:, was often absent, leaving Ross in charge. Ross's actions impressed other officers, and several times during the summer of 1862, he was nominated for promotion to 879:

authorized Ross to raise his own company of 60 mounted volunteers to protect the settlements near Belknap from Native American attacks. Ross and his men arrived at

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passed laws to restore the power of the land office commissioner, provide punishments for those using state lands illegally, and to catalog existing public lands.

1080:. Although he was not promoted at that time, his unit was the only one of the 8–10 dismounted cavalry units in the area to be promised the return of their horses. 1520:. He was re-elected president several times and served one term as commander-in-chief of the entire United Confederate Veterans organization. During that time, a 1252:. Near the end of the special session, the Senate passed a reapportionment bill, which reduced Ross's four-year term to only two years. He declined to run again. 1717:

mandate, when mounting his war-steed, with sword and rifle in hand, he marshaled his command against the foe of his brave sire. This was an inherited antagonism.

3606: 726: 1121:, becoming the ninth-youngest general officer of the Confederate Army. Following his promotion, unit morale improved, and every one of his men re-enlisted. 3955: 1118: 1077: 290: 1560:, who Ross had appointed as the Commissioner of Agriculture, Insurance, Statistics, and History while governor, became the next president of the college. 1198:. The combined farming and ranching incomes left Ross wealthy enough to build a house in the Waco city limits and to send his children to private school. 1052:. Because of the scarcity of forage, Ross's cavalry troop was ordered to dismount and send their horses back to Texas. The unit, now on foot, traveled to 4655: 1217:

When the convention concluded, Ross returned home and spent the next four years focusing on his farm. In 1880, he became an accidental candidate for the

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towards the native tribes. To differentiate Ross from his uncle and great-grandfather, he was called "Little Sul" when he was a child, and later "Sul".

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deaf, dumb, and blind black children, and a branch asylum for the insane. He also convinced the legislature to set aside 696 acres (282 ha) near

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Shortly after Ross's birth, his parents sold their Iowa property and returned to Missouri to escape Iowa's cold weather. In 1839, the family moved to

1665: 2154: 1491:. Many student organizations were founded in this time, including the Fat Man's Club, the Bowlegged Men's Club, the Glee Club (now known as the 584: 4710: 4665: 1091:. Ross led 700 riflemen to engage the Union troops. For three hours, his men held off 7,000 Union troops, repelling three major Union attacks. 1714:

Kiowa Indians. He was the leader of the pioneers who destroyed their power to do evil, and who will ever be held in grateful memory by Texans.

4670: 1597: 4660: 4059: 4016: 3367: 4720: 4690: 1229:, his youngest son died. Ross returned home for a week to attend the funeral and help care for another son who was seriously ill In the 4625: 4404: 4012: 102: 1202:

Sheriff's Association of Texas. After various state newspapers publicized the event, sheriffs representing 65 Texas counties met in

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Despite his federal pardon for being a Confederate general, Ross was disqualified from voting and serving as a juror by the first

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Ross won the election with a large majority. His term as a Texas Senator began on January 11, 1881. Shortly after his arrival in

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Ross continued to be active in veteran's organizations, and in 1893, he became the first commander of the Texas Division of the

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The Sixth Cavalry's horses arrived soon after the battle, and the regiment was transferred to the cavalry brigade of Colonel

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two years. While at home, the Confederate Army began its surrender. He had not rejoined his regiment when it surrendered in

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Ross was a Freemason and became a master mason at Waco Masonic Lodge #92. In 1947, a masonic lodge was named after him.

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During the summer of 1858, Ross returned to Texas and journeyed to the Brazos Indian Reserve, where his father served as

689:

before resigning to participate in the 1875 Texas Constitutional Convention. With the exception of a two-year term as a

88: 4415: 1191: 1604:

At the same time they appropriated money for the statue, the legislature established the Sul Ross Normal College, now

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Confederate dead lay gathered at the bottom of the parapet of Battery Robinett on the day after the Battle of Corinth.

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Ross was the first governor to set aside a day for civic improvements, declaring the third Friday in January to be

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at the White House. Following that visit, they traveled to New York City, where they met with former president

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Its authors found nine primary accounts of the incident given by Ross, each of them differing from the others.

354: 59: 4564: 4300: 3718: 3648: 1488: 1292: 1238: 1088: 1001: 750:. Two years later, they joined seven other families under Captain Daniel Monroe and settled near present-day 670: 547: 456: 2769: 1852:

Captain S. P. Ross, the father, settled in Milam County, Texas in 1839, and made his home in Austin in 1846.

1495:), the Bicycle Club, and the College Dramatic Club. In 1893, students began publishing a monthly newspaper, 1170:

When the Civil War ended, Ross was just 26 years old. He owned 160 acres (65 ha) of farmland along the

4072: 3792: 3744: 1532: 1521: 1480: 1440: 1281: 1106:

created a new brigade with Ross at the helm, consisting of Ross's regiment and Colonel Richard A. Pinson's

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ceremony, a tradition still followed when a current student at Texas A&M dies. Following his death,

4068: 3977: 3831: 3375: 2867:"Senate Committee on Statistics of Industries, Public Health, and History of Texas - 17th R.S. (1881)" 4524: 4519: 4449: 4394: 4175: 3970: 3940: 3884: 2131: 2113: 1629: 1605: 1222:

their candidate. He agreed to the nomination to spare the trouble and expense of another convention.

1133: 1117:. Despite his illness, Ross never missed a day of duty, and on December 21, 1863, he was promoted to 706: 562: 254: 227: 20: 95: 4594: 4559: 4427: 4285: 4205: 1847:. Austin: Smith, Hicks and Jones, State Printers. p. 7 – via Texas Legislative Library. 1084: 864: 542: 1865: 1344:

against Texas to determine ownership of a disputed 1,500,000-acre (6,100 km) plot of land in

834:

printed the report on October 10, and other state newspapers also praised Ross's bravery. General

4554: 4433: 4389: 4374: 4140: 4125: 1413:

scientific agriculture and the legislature declined to appropriate money for improvements to the

1321: 1124:

In March 1864, Ross's brigade fought against African American soldiers for the first time in the

1013: 1005: 674: 616: 608: 495: 470: 425: 3506: 2880: 2866: 2852: 2838: 2824: 2810: 2796: 677:. He participated in 135 battles and skirmishes and became one of the youngest Confederate 55: 4509: 4494: 4379: 4115: 4100: 3714: 3644: 2409: 1596:, was unveiled at the center of the Texas AMC campus. In more recent years, students began the 1540: 1329: 1317: 1230: 698: 686: 4037: 1300:

building. He also served in the legislative session that approved the building's construction.

4499: 4464: 4454: 4359: 4210: 4145: 4090: 1373: 1337: 1310: 1095: 1037: 1021: 893: 860: 743: 659: 655: 466: 215: 1769: 1110:. Near the same time, Ross received word that his first child had died, possibly stillborn. 1063: 4620: 4615: 4569: 4479: 4474: 4364: 4190: 1276:

Ross became the 19th governor of Texas. His inauguration ball was held at the newly opened

1265:

As early as 1884, Ross's friends, including Victor M. Rose, the editor of the newspaper in

1154: 1125: 920: 557: 343: 3245: 134: 8: 4534: 4469: 4250: 1570: 1557: 1348:. Determined to meet personally with the attorney general, Ross and his wife traveled to 1345: 1305: 1297: 1249: 1045: 947:

However, some take issue with this narrative of events. After Ross's death, Nocona's son

739: 694: 639: 537: 615:, and the 4th president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now called 4439: 4399: 4369: 4265: 4255: 4245: 4230: 4165: 4105: 1341: 1333:

candidate, Ross suggested Aten; both groups finally agreed, thus halting the conflict.

1211: 1179: 1053: 1033: 787: 682: 663: 626:, which was later annexed to the United States. Much of his childhood was spent on the 612: 532: 1813:

Ross Family Papers, Inclusive: 1846-1931, undated, Bulk: 1861-1864, 1870-1894, undated

51: 4539: 4260: 4215: 4170: 4095: 3895: 3861: 3839: 3818: 3796: 3770: 3763: 3748: 3722: 3696: 3674: 3652: 2347: 2320: 2293: 2148: 2135: 1697: 1484: 1385: 1353: 1073: 1049: 690: 678: 647: 635: 623: 604: 525: 405: 192: 2385: 4504: 4444: 4421: 4240: 4220: 4195: 4135: 3788: 3740: 3482: 1643: 1357: 1203: 1057: 1017: 842: 814: 718: 413: 311: 809:

Native scouts found about 500 Comanches, including Buffalo Hump, camped outside a

4384: 4225: 4200: 4155: 4150: 4130: 4110: 3811: 3711:

The Chief of Executives of Texas: From Stephen F. Austin to John B. Connally, Jr.

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Smith disbanded Ross's company in early September 1860. Within a week, Governor

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August 1890, the home had collected enough money to move to a larger location.

1349: 1277: 1270: 1158: 1103: 1009: 835: 751: 722: 315: 1036:, with whom he had served in the Texas Rangers, to lead a scouting force near 4609: 4549: 4529: 4459: 4305: 4295: 4290: 4280: 4270: 3857: 3670: 3601: 1609: 1497: 1434:

Ross was the first president of Texas AMC to live in this newly erected home.

1226: 1136:, but was quickly rescued by a successful Confederate cavalry counterattack. 948: 830: 803: 766: 491: 4584: 4310: 4275: 4160: 3935: 3919: 2853:"Senatorial and Representative Districts, Apportionment - 17th R.S. (1881)" 1525: 1218: 1210:

Ross resigned as sheriff in 1875 and was soon elected as a delegate to the

1171: 799: 791: 783: 747: 248: 1501:, and two years later, they began publishing an annual yearbook, known as 650:. On one of his summer breaks, he suffered severe injuries while fighting 4574: 4325: 4120: 3944: 2316:

A Buffalo in the House: The Extraordinary Story of Charlie and His Family

1549: 1430: 1234: 1195: 904: 899: 876: 631: 520: 359: 321: 1651: 954:

Myth, Memory and Massacre: The Pease River Capture of Cynthia Ann Parker

4579: 4320: 3405: 2119: 1025: 863:, which formed to fight the Native Americans. Smith appointed Ross his 424:

Texas Ranger, Confederate general, governor of Texas, president of the

400: 3813:

Frontiersmen in Blue: The United States Army and the Indian, 1848-1865

859:

In early 1860, Ross enlisted in Captain J. M. Smith's Waco company of

4235: 1392: 1187: 997: 806:. Ross was given the courtesy title of "Captain" during his command. 33: 4185: 3987: 3911: 1548:. To further memorialize him, students at Texas AMC held the first 1325: 940: 919:

capture as a child. The details matched what they knew of the 1836

818: 759: 651: 627: 603:(September 27, 1838 – January 3, 1898) was the 19th 239: 1583: 2410:"What Happened at Pease River Wasn't a Battle. It Was a Massacre" 1892:"Texas History Minute: The story of Lawrence Sullivan 'Sul' Ross" 1114: 988: 1701: 4067: 1574:

published an editorial, quoted in several biographies of Ross:

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was appointed acting president of the college. Later in July,

4076: 3481:, Texas A&M University Traditions Council, archived from 2797:"Senate Committee on Agricultural Affairs - 17th R.S. (1881)" 794:

Indians from the reserve to help the "Wichita Expedition" of

666:, who had been captured by the Comanches as a child in 1836. 452: 148:

President of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas

2811:"Senate Committee on Contingent Expenses - 17th R.S. (1881)" 1483:. Ross's tenure also had the school's first intercollegiate 1316:

During his second term, Ross was forced to intervene in the

2123: 1388:

for a future open farm reformatory for juvenile offenders.

755: 325: 3737:

The Kiowas: Civilization of the American Indian Series; 63

1304:

In May 1888, Ross presided over the dedication of the new

717:

Lawrence Sullivan Ross was born on September 27, 1838, in

2881:"Senate Committee on Military Affairs - 17th R.S. (1881)" 1696:. Austin: Press of the City Printing Company. p. 6. 1237:

amendment to be placed on the next statewide ballot; the

828:

In his written report, Van Dorn praised Ross highly. The

669:

When Texas seceded from the United States and joined the

1083:

While still afoot, Ross and his men participated in the

841:

The following year, Ross graduated from Wesleyan with a

2825:"Senate Committee on Enrolled Bills - 17th R.S. (1881)" 1207:"compel the criminal to obey the mandates of the law." 1004:, Ross's brother Peter began recruiting men for a new 884:

those on the reservations would make him ineffective.

3838:, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 3836:

Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders

1032:

regiment. Twice in November 1861, Ross was chosen by

2343:

Somewhere in the West: Texas Women Who Left a Legacy

2289:

The Texas Rangers: Wearing the Cinco Peso, 1821-1900

2273:"Remember the Ladies: White woman in Comanche world" 1619: 898:

In late October and November 1860, Comanches led by

1866:"Ross, Shapley Prince (1811 – 1879)" 1165: 19:"Sul Ross" redirects here. For the university, see 3810: 3762: 3151: 3149: 983: 2939: 2937: 2935: 1666:List of American Civil War generals (Confederate) 705:. After his death, the Texas Legislature created 4607: 3549:– via Texas Legislative Reference Library. 3541:. Austin: Gammel Book Company. pp. 156, 157 2839:"Senate Committee on Finance - 17th R.S. (1881)" 1016:requested he instead proceed immediately to the 742:in the Republic of Texas, where they settled in 3146: 2529:Benner (1983), pp. 84–85. Davis (1989), p. 167. 2472:Benner (1984), pp. 67–68. Davis (1989), p. 164. 2238:Benner (1983), pp. 50–53. Davis (1989), p. 160. 2032: 2030: 1612:. The college opened for classes in June 1920. 2932: 1945: 1943: 1008:. Ross enlisted in his brother's company as a 4053: 3581: 3579: 3294: 3292: 3273: 3271: 3121: 3119: 3100: 3098: 3016: 3014: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2484:Benner (1983), p. 72. Wooster (2000), p. 213. 2180: 2178: 2176: 2166: 2164: 2080: 2078: 2076: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1531:In 1894, Ross was appointed to a seat on the 1248:in April 1882. The session agreed to build a 4017:Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas 3686: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3435: 3433: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3238:"Ross Elevated College from "Reform School"" 3214:Benner (1983), p. 202. Davis (1989), p. 106. 3183: 3181: 3179: 3004: 3002: 2983: 2981: 2911:Benner (1983), p. 147. Davis (1989), p. 174. 2755: 2753: 2707: 2705: 2591: 2589: 2258: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2153:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2027: 1241:did agree to place this on the next ballot. 975:with the rank of colonel, but Ross refused. 725:. He was the fourth child and second son of 205:January 18, 1887 – January 20, 1891 60:introducing citations to additional sources 3708: 3695:, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 3231: 3229: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2480: 2478: 2441: 2439: 2339: 2202:Benner (1983), p. 37. Davis (1989), p. 156. 2020: 2018: 2008: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1975: 1973: 1940: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1139:Their last major military campaign was the 268:January 11, 1881 – January 9, 1883 160:January 20, 1891 – January 3, 1898 4656:Confederate States Army brigadier generals 4060: 4046: 3576: 3289: 3268: 3116: 3095: 3011: 2607: 2173: 2161: 2073: 2039: 1933: 1931: 1914: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1508: 133: 4701:People of Texas in the American Civil War 4651:Burials at Oakwood Cemetery (Waco, Texas) 3562: 3430: 3359: 3301: 3176: 2999: 2978: 2750: 2702: 2586: 2253: 2241: 2115:Medical Histories of Confederate Generals 1832: 1830: 1682: 1680: 1296:Ross presided over the dedication of the 3782: 3605:, College Station, Texas, archived from 3501: 3499: 3365: 3226: 2964: 2475: 2436: 2407: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2015: 2003: 1991: 1970: 1582: 1429: 1291: 1062: 987: 930: 887: 777: 658:, and in 1860, led Texas Rangers in the 583: 50:Relevant discussion may be found on the 3851: 3760: 3734: 3588: 3235: 1928: 1889: 1836: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1722: 1711:– via Texas Legislative Library. 1686: 630:, where his family founded the town of 4711:Presidents of Texas A&M University 4608: 3830: 3641:Sul Ross, Soldier, Statesman, Educator 3638: 3594: 3531: 2883:. Texas Legislative Reference Library. 2869:. Texas Legislative Reference Library. 2855:. Texas Legislative Reference Library. 2841:. Texas Legislative Reference Library. 2827:. Texas Legislative Reference Library. 2813:. Texas Legislative Reference Library. 2799:. Texas Legislative Reference Library. 2776:. Texas Legislative Reference Library. 1905: 1827: 1816:, Baylor University, December 22, 2014 1677: 4666:Democratic Party Texas state senators 4041: 3808: 3664: 3525: 3496: 2774:Texas Legislators: Past & Present 2312: 2111: 2096: 2057: 1454: 4671:Members of the Texas Ranger Division 3709:Hendrickson, Kenneth E. Jr. (1995), 3595:Pierce, Carrie (November 22, 2004), 1863: 1787: 1776:, Texas State Historical Association 1568:The morning after Ross's death, the 1402: 1366: 1212:1875 Texas Constitutional Convention 1000:from the United States and join the 978: 685:, Ross briefly served as sheriff of 654:. After graduation, Ross joined the 27: 4661:Democratic Party governors of Texas 3785:Trails and Trials of a Texas Ranger 2762: 2285: 1012:, and shortly afterwards, Governor 996:In early 1861 after Texas voted to 170:William Stuart Lorraine Bringhurst 16:Governor of Texas from 1887 to 1891 13: 4721:University of North Alabama alumni 4691:People from Van Buren County, Iowa 4003:William Stuart Lorraine Bringhurst 3632: 1870:Texas State Historical Association 1767: 939:In the aftermath, a nine-year-old 662:, where federal troops recaptured 14: 4732: 4626:19th-century American politicians 3783:Sterling, William Warren (1959), 2627:Benner (1983), pp. 108, 109, 111. 2340:Kirkpatrick, Linda (April 2002). 1528:was named the L.S. Ross Chapter. 1269:, had encouraged Ross to run for 4716:Texas A&M University faculty 4341: 4334: 3817:, University of Nebraska Press, 3620: 3553: 3532:Raines, Caldwell Walton (1902). 3469: 3460: 3451: 3442: 3421: 3398: 3389: 3356:quoted in Benner (1983), p. 227. 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3280: 3265:quoted in Benner (1983), p. 205. 3259: 3217: 3208: 3199: 3190: 3167: 3158: 3137: 3128: 3107: 3086: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3050: 3041: 3032: 3029:quoted in Benner (1983), p. 178. 3023: 1650: 1636: 1622: 1587:Sul Ross Statue at Texas A&M 1475:formed. These include the first 1166:Farming and early public service 992:Sul Ross in uniform in the 1860s 849: 435: 43:relies largely or entirely on a 32: 4706:People from Milam County, Texas 3597:"Have you seen this tradition?" 3372:The Bryan-College Station Eagle 3242:The Bryan-College Station Eagle 2990: 2955: 2946: 2923: 2914: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2873: 2859: 2845: 2831: 2817: 2803: 2789: 2780: 2741: 2732: 2723: 2714: 2693: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2648: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2598: 2577: 2568: 2559: 2550: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2514: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2427: 2408:Stratton, W.K. (January 2021). 2401: 2392: 2378: 2369: 2360: 2333: 2306: 2279: 2265: 2232: 2223: 2214: 2205: 2196: 2187: 2087: 2048: 1982: 1961: 1952: 1890:Bridges, Ken (August 7, 2021). 1425: 1352:, where they visited President 1056:, arriving two weeks after the 1020:to negotiate treaties with the 984:Enlistment/Commissioned Officer 389: 4636:American murderers of children 3719:Texas A&M University Press 3649:Texas A&M University Press 2313:Rosen, R. D. (June 10, 2008). 2211:Benner (1983), pp. 38, 40, 42. 2036:Benner (1983), pp. 21, 23, 25. 1883: 1857: 1287: 1144:70 wounded and five captured. 960: 712: 1: 4681:Military personnel from Texas 3236:Ferrell, Christopher (2001), 2112:Welsh, Jack D., M.D. (1995), 1671: 1024:, so they would not help the 854: 765:In 1845, the family moved to 4676:Military personnel from Iowa 3793:University of Oklahoma Press 3765:Who Was Who in the Civil War 3745:University of Oklahoma Press 3735:Mayhall, Mildred P. (1971), 3074:Benner (1983), pp. 175, 176. 2987:Benner (1983), pp. 160, 161. 2663:Benner (1983), pp. 117, 119. 2654:Benner (1983), pp. 116, 117. 2346:. Cowboy Miner Productions. 2286:Cox, Mike (March 18, 2008). 1533:Railroad Commission of Texas 1522:Daughters of the Confederacy 1190:cattle. The two led several 1147: 1100:Battle of Thompson's Station 923:, and they summoned Colonel 644:Florence Wesleyan University 553:Battle of Thompson's Station 410:Florence Wesleyan University 7: 3769:, New York: Facts On File, 3639:Benner, Judith Ann (1983), 3457:Benner (1983), pp. 231–232. 3395:Benner (1983), pp. 225–226. 3277:Benner (1983), pp. 206–208. 3205:Benner (1983), pp. 201–203. 3155:Hendrickson (1995), p. 117. 3065:Benner (1983), pp. 174–175. 3038:Benner (1983), pp. 171–172. 2943:Hendrickson (1995), p. 116. 2920:Benner (1983), pp. 148–149. 2366:Hendrickson (1995), p. 113. 2319:. Random House Publishing. 2128:Kent State University Press 1615: 1539:their sport. He arrived in 1518:United Confederate Veterans 1260: 1255: 1141:Franklin-Nashville Campaign 568:Franklin-Nashville Campaign 10: 4737: 4686:Northern-born Confederates 3854:Lone Star Generals in Gray 3852:Wooster, Ralph A. (2000), 3366:Kavanagh, Colleen (2001), 3047:Davis (1989), pp. 179–182. 2738:Benner (1983), pp. 131–133 2520:Benner (1983), pp. 79, 80. 1837:Daniell, Lewis E. (1889). 1687:Daniell, Lewis E. (1887). 1407: 891: 754:, where they received 640 548:Battle of Hatchie's Bridge 505:6th Texas Cavalry Regiment 18: 4350: 4332: 4083: 4023: 4010: 3999: 3994: 3984: 3975: 3967: 3962: 3952: 3933: 3925: 3918: 3908: 3889: 3881: 3876: 3809:Utley, Robert M. (1967), 3761:Sifakis, Stewart (1988), 3667:Legendary Texians, Vol. 4 3535:Year Book for Texas, 1901 2445:Benner (1983), pp. 63–64. 2433:Benner (1983), pp. 58–60. 2229:Benner (1983), pp. 49–50. 2220:Benner (1983), pp. 47–48. 2184:Benner (1983), pp. 30–33. 2084:Benner (1983), pp. 26–29. 1988:Benner (1983), pp. 14–18. 1770:"Ross, Lawrence Sullivan" 1630:American Civil War portal 1606:Sul Ross State University 1563: 1487:game, played against the 1479:and the formation of the 1108:First Mississippi Cavalry 1102:. In July, Major General 707:Sul Ross State University 578: 513: 501: 487: 477: 462: 448: 443: 431: 420: 399: 376: 366: 350: 333: 305: 300: 296: 284: 272: 261: 245: 233: 221: 209: 198: 190: 177: 164: 153: 145: 141: 132: 125: 21:Sul Ross State University 4646:Baylor University alumni 3877:Party political offices 3511:Texas A&M Foundation 3143:Sterling (1959), p. 283. 2770:"Lawrence Sullivan Ross" 1949:Sterling (1959), p. 284. 1473:Texas A&M traditions 1096:William H. "Red" Jackson 617:Texas A&M University 543:Second Battle of Corinth 507:Phifer's Cavalry Brigade 426:A&M College of Texas 71:"Lawrence Sullivan Ross" 4696:People from Waco, Texas 4631:American mass murderers 3693:Civil War High Commands 3665:Davis, Joe Tom (1989), 3368:"Questioning Tradition" 2618:Wooster (2000), p. 215. 2556:Wooster (2000), p. 214. 2386:"One Little Indian Boy" 2170:Mayhall (1971), p. 218. 2045:Mayhall (1971), p. 217. 1925:Benner (1983), pp. 5–6. 1911:Benner (1983), pp. 3–4. 1524:chapter established in 1509:Personal life and death 1469:seven-and-one-half-year 1340:launched a suit in the 675:Confederate States Army 622:Ross was raised in the 609:Confederate States Army 496:Brigadier general (CSA) 492:Captain (Texas Rangers) 471:Confederate States Army 183:Roger Haddock Whitlock 4641:American war criminals 4027:Roger Haddock Whitlock 3715:College Station, Texas 3645:College Station, Texas 3626:Benner (1983), p. 234. 3585:Benner (1983), p. 233. 3559:Benner (1983), p. 235. 3507:"Howdy, Mr. President" 3466:Benner (1983), p. 232. 3448:Benner (1983), p. 229. 3427:Benner (1983), p. 230. 3347:Benner (1983), p. 224. 3338:Benner (1983), p. 223. 3329:Benner (1983), p. 222. 3298:Benner (1983), p. 219. 3286:Benner (1983), p. 218. 3223:Benner (1983), p. 204. 3196:Benner (1983), p. 200. 3173:Benner (1983), p. 199. 3164:Benner (1983), p. 185. 3125:Benner (1983), p. 165. 3113:Benner (1983), p. 192. 3104:Benner (1983), p. 187. 3092:Benner (1983), p. 183. 3083:Benner (1983), p. 179. 3056:Benner (1983), p. 173. 3020:Benner (1983), p. 169. 3008:Benner (1983), p. 166. 2996:Benner (1983), p. 162. 2961:Benner (1983), p. 157. 2952:Benner (1983), p. 155. 2929:Benner (1983), p. 150. 2902:Benner (1983), p. 146. 2893:Benner (1983), p. 144. 2786:Benner (1983), p. 143. 2759:Benner (1983), p. 141. 2747:Benner (1983), p. 140. 2729:Benner (1983), p. 129. 2720:Benner (1983), p. 128. 2711:Benner (1983), p. 126. 2699:Benner (1983), p. 124. 2681:Benner (1983), p. 120. 2672:Benner (1983), p. 119. 2645:Benner (1983), p. 111. 2595:Benner (1983), p. 103. 2574:Benner (1983), p. 116. 2511:Benner (1983), p. 115. 1588: 1581: 1554:Roger Haddock Whitlock 1471:tenure, many enduring 1435: 1318:Jaybird-Woodpecker War 1301: 1231:17th Texas Legislature 1134:Battle of Brown's Mill 1068: 993: 936: 699:Jaybird-Woodpecker War 589: 588:Elizabeth Tinsley Ross 563:Battle of Brown's Mill 509:Ross's Cavalry Brigade 127:Lawrence Sullivan Ross 3609:on September 29, 2007 3573:Davis (1989), p. 191. 3439:Davis (1989), p. 190. 3320:Davis (1989), p. 189. 3187:Davis (1989), p. 185. 3134:Davis (1989), p. 183. 2975:Davis (1989), p. 176. 2690:Davis (1989), p. 171. 2636:Davis (1989), p. 170. 2604:Davis (1989), p. 169. 2583:Benner (1983), p. 93. 2547:Benner (1983), p. 88. 2538:Benner (1983), p. 87. 2502:Benner (1983), p. 76. 2493:Davis (1989), p. 165. 2463:Davis (1989), p. 164. 2454:Benner (1983), p. 65. 2398:Davis (1989), p. 161. 2375:Benner (1983), p. 55. 2262:Benner (1983), p. 56. 2250:Benner (1983), p. 57. 2193:Davis (1989), p. 157. 2093:Davis (1989), p. 155. 2024:Davis (1989), p. 153. 2012:Benner (1983), p. 19. 2000:Davis (1989), p. 152. 1979:Davis (1989), p. 151. 1967:Benner (1983), p. 10. 1937:Davis (1989), p. 149. 1774:The Handbook of Texas 1586: 1576: 1433: 1374:Sherman Antitrust Act 1338:U.S. attorney general 1311:Jeffersonian Democrat 1295: 1066: 1038:Springfield, Missouri 1022:Five Civilized Tribes 991: 934: 894:Battle of Pease River 888:Battle of Pease River 778:Wichita Village fight 660:Battle of Pease River 587: 478:Years of service 216:Thomas Benton Wheeler 4073:lieutenant governors 3485:on December 15, 2007 3410:, Waco Masonic Lodge 2565:Benner (1983), p 92. 2388:. November 26, 2015. 2070:Utley (1967), p. 131 2054:Utley (1967), p. 130 1958:Benner (1983), p. 9. 1864:Kemp, L. W. (1995). 1250:new capitol building 1155:Jackson, Mississippi 1126:Battle of Yazoo City 921:Fort Parker Massacre 558:Battle of Yazoo City 344:Brazos County, Texas 56:improve this article 4520:T. W. Davidson 4495:A. B. Davidson 4410:J. W. Flanagan 3936:Texas State Senator 3378:on October 16, 2007 3248:on October 16, 2007 1571:Dallas Morning News 1558:Lafayette L. Foster 1489:University of Texas 1380:over 90,000 votes. 1336:In March 1890, the 1306:Texas State Capitol 1298:Texas State Capitol 1046:Battle of Pea Ridge 727:Shapley Prince Ross 697:, and resolved the 695:Texas State Capitol 640:Independence, Texas 611:general during the 538:Battle of Pea Ridge 3963:Political offices 3956:John Alfred Martin 1589: 1455:Impact on students 1436: 1302: 1180:Reconstruction Act 1172:South Bosque River 1069: 1054:Memphis, Tennessee 994: 937: 788:United States Army 744:Robertson's Colony 673:, Ross joined the 664:Cynthia Ann Parker 613:American Civil War 590: 533:American Civil War 309:September 27, 1838 291:John Alfred Martin 4603: 4602: 4036: 4035: 4024:Succeeded by 3995:Academic offices 3985:Succeeded by 3978:Governor of Texas 3953:Succeeded by 3909:Succeeded by 3896:Governor of Texas 3845:978-0-8071-0823-9 3824:978-0-8032-9550-6 3776:978-0-8160-1055-4 3702:978-0-8047-3641-1 3687:Eicher, John H.; 2275:. March 20, 2020. 1403:College president 1367:Major legislation 1354:Benjamin Harrison 1119:brigadier general 1085:Battle of Corinth 1078:brigadier general 1074:Charles W. Phifer 1050:Des Arc, Arkansas 1034:General McCulloch 979:Civil War service 928:have been found. 865:second lieutenant 703:school traditions 648:Florence, Alabama 638:(then located in 636:Baylor University 624:Republic of Texas 605:governor of Texas 593:Lawrence Sullivan 582: 581: 526:Pease River fight 406:Baylor University 382:Elizabeth Tinsley 193:Governor of Texas 121: 120: 106: 4728: 4545:J. L. Smith 4345: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4062: 4055: 4048: 4039: 4038: 4031: 4007: 4000:Preceded by 3968:Preceded by 3941:District 22 3926:Preceded by 3882:Preceded by 3874: 3873: 3870: 3848: 3827: 3816: 3805: 3789:Norman, Oklahoma 3779: 3768: 3757: 3741:Norman, Oklahoma 3731: 3705: 3689:Eicher, David J. 3683: 3661: 3627: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3592: 3586: 3583: 3574: 3571: 3560: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3540: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3503: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3374:, archived from 3363: 3357: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3339: 3336: 3330: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3299: 3296: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3244:, archived from 3233: 3224: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3188: 3185: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3144: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3123: 3114: 3111: 3105: 3102: 3093: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3009: 3006: 2997: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2976: 2973: 2962: 2959: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2748: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2700: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2605: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2473: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2269: 2263: 2260: 2251: 2248: 2239: 2236: 2230: 2227: 2221: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2171: 2168: 2159: 2158: 2152: 2144: 2109: 2094: 2091: 2085: 2082: 2071: 2068: 2055: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2025: 2022: 2013: 2010: 2001: 1998: 1989: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1938: 1935: 1926: 1923: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1846: 1834: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1808: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1768:Benner, Judith, 1765: 1720: 1719: 1710: 1708: 1695: 1684: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1646: 1644:Biography portal 1641: 1640: 1639: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1546:Oakwood Cemetery 1470: 1358:Grover Cleveland 1330:attorney general 1322:Fort Bend County 1159:Andrew Johnson's 1089:Hatchie's Bridge 1058:Battle of Shiloh 1018:Indian Territory 1006:military company 843:Bachelor of Arts 815:Indian Territory 798:in a search for 732:Native Americans 681:. Following the 634:. Ross attended 444:Military service 439: 393: 391: 355:Oakwood Cemetery 340: 329: 301:Personal details 287: 275: 266: 251: 236: 224: 203: 186: 180: 173: 167: 158: 137: 123: 122: 116: 113: 107: 105: 64: 36: 28: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4352: 4346: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4106:J. W. Henderson 4091:J. P. Henderson 4079: 4066: 4032: 4029: 4020: 4008: 4005: 3990: 3981: 3973: 3958: 3949: 3938: 3931: 3914: 3899: 3887: 3868: 3860:: Eakin Press, 3846: 3832:Warner, Ezra J. 3825: 3803: 3777: 3755: 3729: 3703: 3681: 3673:: Eakin Press, 3659: 3635: 3633:Further reading 3630: 3625: 3621: 3612: 3610: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3577: 3572: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3505: 3504: 3497: 3488: 3486: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3413: 3411: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3381: 3379: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3302: 3297: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3251: 3249: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3096: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3019: 3012: 3007: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2974: 2965: 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Lee 985: 982: 980: 977: 962: 959: 892:Main article: 889: 886: 856: 853: 851: 848: 836:Winfield Scott 779: 776: 723:Iowa Territory 714: 711: 709:in his honor. 580: 579: 576: 575: 573: 572: 571: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 530: 529: 528: 517: 515: 511: 510: 503: 499: 498: 489: 485: 484: 479: 475: 474: 464: 463:Branch/service 460: 459: 450: 446: 445: 441: 440: 433: 429: 428: 422: 418: 417: 403: 397: 396: 385: 381: 380: 378: 374: 373: 368: 364: 363: 352: 348: 347: 341:(aged 59) 335: 331: 330: 316:Iowa Territory 307: 303: 302: 298: 297: 294: 293: 288: 282: 281: 276: 270: 269: 259: 258: 246:Member of the 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 225: 219: 218: 213: 207: 206: 196: 195: 188: 187: 181: 175: 174: 168: 162: 161: 151: 150: 143: 142: 139: 138: 130: 129: 126: 119: 118: 54:. 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Moore 3924: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3875: 3869: 3867:1-57168-325-9 3863: 3859: 3858:Austin, Texas 3855: 3850: 3847: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3820: 3815: 3814: 3807: 3804: 3802:0-8061-1574-2 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3778: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3756: 3754:0-8061-0987-4 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3728:0-89096-641-9 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3704: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3682: 3680:0-89015-669-7 3676: 3672: 3671:Austin, Texas 3668: 3663: 3660: 3658:0-89096-142-5 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3636: 3623: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3602:The Battalion 3598: 3591: 3582: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3556: 3537: 3536: 3528: 3513:. 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Smith 4485:Browning 4428:Fountain 4416:Campbell 4412:(acting) 4395:Crockett 4311:Richards 4306:Clements 4296:Clements 4281:Connally 4256:O'Daniel 4241:Sterling 4211:Colquitt 4206:Campbell 4141:Hamilton 4030:(Acting) 4006:(Acting) 3988:Jim Hogg 3912:Jim Hogg 3834:(1959), 3691:(2001), 3414:July 17, 3407:Sul Ross 3382:June 24, 3252:June 23, 2149:citation 1897:July 11, 1780:March 3, 1702:19016834 1616:See also 1503:The Olio 1485:football 1326:Ira Aten 1271:governor 1267:Victoria 1261:Election 1256:Governor 941:Comanche 869:Kickapoo 819:scalping 679:generals 628:frontier 502:Commands 257:district 240:Jim Hogg 185:(Acting) 172:(Acting) 146:4th 4595:Patrick 4585:Ratliff 4575:Bullock 4550:Shivers 4510:Johnson 4465:Wheeler 4440:Hubbard 4434:Pickett 4385:Lubbock 4380:Runnels 4375:Dickson 4291:Briscoe 4271:Shivers 4176:Ireland 4171:Roberts 4166:Hubbard 4131:Lubbock 4121:Houston 4116:Runnels 4015:of the 2419:July 3, 2132:188–189 1408:Arrival 1115:malaria 1010:private 821:knife. 811:Wichita 752:Cameron 394: 386: 328:, U.S.) 318:, U.S. 96:scholar 4565:Barnes 4555:Ramsey 4535:Woodul 4525:Miller 4480:Jester 4455:Martin 4450:Storey 4445:Sayers 4360:Horton 4326:Abbott 4276:Daniel 4266:Jester 4251:Allred 4201:Lanham 4196:Sayers 4136:Murrah 3864: 3842: 3821: 3799: 3773: 3751: 3725: 3699: 3677: 3655: 2350: 2323: 2296: 2138: 1700: 1564:Legacy 1445:hazing 1415:campus 1227:Austin 1162:1867. 998:secede 786:. The 767:Austin 642:) and 377:Spouse 362:, U.S. 346:, U.S. 98: 91: 84: 77: 69: 4580:Perry 4500:Mayes 4475:Crane 4460:Gibbs 4405:Jones 4390:Clark 4365:Greer 4321:Perry 4301:White 4286:Smith 4236:Moody 4221:Hobby 4156:Davis 4151:Pease 4126:Clark 4111:Pease 4077:Texas 3539:(PDF) 1845:(PDF) 1694:(PDF) 1526:Bryan 756:acres 473:(CSA) 453:Texas 388:( 384: 103:JSTOR 89:books 4530:Witt 4490:Neal 4316:Bush 4226:Neff 4186:Hogg 4181:Ross 4161:Coke 4101:Bell 4096:Wood 4071:and 3945:Waco 3905:1888 3901:1886 3862:ISBN 3840:ISBN 3819:ISBN 3797:ISBN 3771:ISBN 3749:ISBN 3723:ISBN 3697:ISBN 3675:ISBN 3653:ISBN 3615:2007 3547:2023 3519:2023 3491:2007 3416:2021 3384:2008 3254:2008 2421:2023 2348:ISBN 2321:ISBN 2294:ISBN 2155:link 2136:ISBN 2124:Ohio 1899:2023 1877:2023 1822:2022 1782:2015 1709:2023 1698:LCCN 790:had 632:Waco 607:, a 601:Ross 488:Rank 334:Died 326:Iowa 306:Born 255:22nd 75:news 4075:of 1608:in 1320:in 1194:to 646:in 597:Sul 58:by 4612:: 3947:) 3903:, 3856:, 3795:, 3791:: 3787:, 3747:, 3743:: 3721:, 3717:: 3713:, 3669:, 3651:, 3647:: 3643:, 3599:, 3578:^ 3564:^ 3509:. 3498:^ 3432:^ 3370:, 3303:^ 3291:^ 3270:^ 3240:, 3228:^ 3178:^ 3148:^ 3118:^ 3097:^ 3013:^ 3001:^ 2980:^ 2966:^ 2934:^ 2772:. 2752:^ 2704:^ 2609:^ 2588:^ 2477:^ 2438:^ 2412:. 2255:^ 2243:^ 2175:^ 2163:^ 2151:}} 2147:{{ 2134:, 2126:: 2122:, 2118:, 2098:^ 2075:^ 2059:^ 2029:^ 2017:^ 2005:^ 1993:^ 1972:^ 1942:^ 1930:^ 1916:^ 1868:. 1829:^ 1789:^ 1772:, 1724:^ 1679:^ 1505:. 760:ha 721:, 619:. 599:" 414:BA 390:m. 357:, 324:, 314:, 4061:e 4054:t 4047:v 3943:( 3521:. 2423:. 2356:. 2329:. 2302:. 2157:) 1901:. 1879:. 595:" 416:) 412:( 114:) 110:( 100:· 93:· 86:· 79:· 62:. 48:. 23:.

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Lawrence Sullivan Ross

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