788:
students got enthusiastically interested in the Code, and had debates and discussions about it as the first law to have tremendous importance for their future. The plan for the discussion of the code was announced by Blas Roca at the Women's
Congress. Roca was a very active member of the Orthodox party, and Secretariat and head of the committee to draft new laws. He is now president of the national People's Assembly. Like all of Cuba's most important laws, the Family Code had been published in a tabloid edition to reach every Cuban; virtually everyone who wanted to read and study it could do so. Cuban people quickly mastered the new code in meetings through trade unions, CDRs, the FMC, and schools. Most Cubans attend more than one of these meetings, until they digest all the information they need to know. Because the government wanted to ensure the Code favors all and not some, people were encouraged at these meetings to ask questions and suggest additions, amendments, and or deletions. "The way this process works is that a record is kept of each meeting, the results are sent through the respective organizations to their highest level, where they are tabulated, computed, and turned over to the original committee (adjacent, at the time, to the party’s Central Committee, now adjacent to the National Assembly)." The Family Code was officially given to the Cuban people on March 8, 1975, which marks International Women's Day in Cuba.
919:
accused of collaboration with the deposed
Batista regime, especially those accused of torture and assassination, and those engaged in counterrevolutionary activity. These courts were criticized for their summary procedures, which limited a defendant's ability to prepare for trial, as well as procedural safeguards, such as the right to appeal a verdict of guilt. It has been noted that these courts produced fast, certain, and severe results. Hundreds of people were found guilty in these proceedings and executed. Hostility toward the Batista regime led to widespread acceptance of these courts among the Cuban people. Supporters of the Revolutionary Courts note that their institution may have prevented "
38:
2664:
2674:
683:
2684:
963:. Also included in the reforms was the creation of "lay judges", who served alongside professional judges and kept alive the popular spirit of the People's Courts. These reforms were criticized on the basis that many judges appointed to serve on these courts were incompetent and that the courts were not administered well.
1041:, although Cuban priests have called this a token gesture, saying that in fact it is difficult for religious people to join the Party. Popular participation in government was expanded with the direct election of National and Provincial assemblies. These changes signify Cuba's abandonment of the Soviet legal model.
931:
In the early 1960s, People's
Popular Courts were set up, whose goal, according to Castro, was to correct antisocial behavior "not with sanctions in the traditional style, but rather with measures that would have a profound educational spirit". First established in the rural areas of the country, more
775:
26. Both spouses are obligated to care for the family they have created and cooperate with each other in the education, formation and guidance of their children in line with the principles of socialist morality. As well, each to the extent of his or her capabilities and possibilities must participate
918:
In
February 1962, 45 Cuban Air Force officers were tried for genocide in the civilian courts and acquitted. Castro publicly denounced the acquittal as a miscarriage of justice. In response to the verdict, the Revolutionary Government established "Revolutionary Courts", whose purpose was to try those
787:
The Cuban people began to discuss the Family Code in the early 1974; they wanted it to become law in time for the FMC Congress. The Family Code was so important to the Cuban people that they deemed it vital to have a complete, "far-reaching" discussion about it. People as young as junior high school
783:
28. Both spouses have the right to exercise their professions or crafts and must lend each other reciprocal cooperation and aid to this effect, as well as in order to carry out studies or perfect their training, but in all cases they will take care to organize their home life so that such activities
893:
In the revolution's aftermath, the
Congress was supplanted by a Council of Ministers, consolidating greater power in the revolutionary government. In the following years, the revolutionary government enacted hundreds of laws and decrees to effect basic change in Cuba's socioeconomic system, such as
958:
approved a structure for the new legal system, abolishing the People's
Popular Courts and the Revolutionary Courts. In the place of the old legal system, a court system was established with four levels of jurisdiction: Base, District, Provincial, and National (Supreme Court). The Supreme Court was
779:
27. The spouses are obligated to contribute toward satisfying the needs of faculties and economic capacities. Nevertheless, if one of the spouses contributes only through his or her work in the home and child-care, the other spouse must provide full economic support without this meaning that he or
1061:
On April 18, 2011, the Sixth Cuban
Congress approved laws expanding the internal market and access to global markets. In February 2019, voters approved a new Constitution granting a right to private property and greater access to free markets, while also maintaining Cuba's status as a socialist
771:
25. The spouses must share the same home, be faithful to one another, help, consider and respect each other. The rights and duties established by this code will subsist in their entirety as long as the marriage has not been legally terminated, in spite of the fact that for justifiable reasons a
959:
given appellate jurisdiction over four distinct areas of law: civil/administrative, criminal, state security, and military. The reforms of 1973 also saw the end of private legal practice, and all lawyers who continued to provide legal services were required to join legal collectives, known as
828:
In 2010, Cuban leaders Fidel and Raúl Castro abandoned the Soviet model of centralized planning. In 2011, new laws where enacted to expand the right to private property. In 2019, a new constitution was approved that recognizes the right to private property, while also asserting the central
987:
transformative: its stated purpose is to transform society. This transformative principle penetrates to the heart of the law and has guided the development of Cuban Law since the mid-1970s. The explicit transformative principle of socialist legality sets it apart from the
932:
than 2,200 such courts existed by the end of the 1960s. These courts' proceedings were opened to the public in an effort to maximize their effect. The courts were criticized for overlapping with the jurisdiction of other courts and for inconsistent application of the law.
1414:
983:, as articulated by Cuban jurists, is that the role of the law is to create social stability while simultaneously furthering the development of the socialist society through change in Cuban political culture. As a guiding principle, socialist legality is
872:
influenced the 1936 Civil
Defense Code of Cuba, which remained in effect until 1979. The Spanish Civil Code of 1889 remained in effect (although modified) until 1987. U.S. influence appeared in the form of a supreme court of appeals and judicial review.
945:
As the 1960s drew to a close, the most radical phase of the revolution had passed and internal counter-revolution had been suppressed. The Cuban government sought to institutionalize the
Revolution. Key to this was the creation of a new legal system.
764:
The Family Code covers marriage, divorce, marital property relationships, recognition of children, obligations for children's care and education, adoption, and tutelage. The following are
Clauses 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28 of the Cuban Family Code:
188:
400:
202:
388:
299:
1422:
359:
78:
166:
453:
2938:
2843:
429:
457:
90:
2963:
433:
2943:
295:
2061:
174:
382:
342:
322:
1168:
The Constitution was proclaimed as scheduled on 10 April 2019. After being proclaimed, it was published in the Official Gazette of the Republic, ensuring its entry into force.
2833:
463:
332:
238:
194:
1469:
1389:
1328:
2848:
2743:
420:
2933:
352:
439:
337:
248:
208:
971:
In 1976, Cuba formally institutionalized the revolution with the adoption of a new constitution, which provided that the legal system be based on the principle of
415:
2953:
347:
2948:
405:
219:
444:
2958:
410:
2838:
2788:
99:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2768:
1844:
2903:
2908:
2823:
2798:
898:
of May 1959; the Urban Reform Law of October 1960; the Nationalization Law of October 1960; the Nationalization of Education Law of June 1961; and the
890:, since Castro's government did not restore the constitution in total and failed to call elections within the 18-month period the manifesto required.
2808:
2778:
1649:(Diario de sesiones del Congreso de la Republica de Cuba / Daily sessions of the Congress of the Republic of Cuba 1902–1957 freely available in the
2888:
2813:
2793:
95:
1104:
The creation of a requirement for presidentially appointed provincial governors and deputy governors to be ratified by local municipal governments
2758:
2615:
1021:
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the downfall of the Soviet Union, the laws of Cuba changed again to respond to the new conditions of the
117:
804:
Controversial portions of Cuba's criminal code include vague provisions providing for the arrest of persons committing anti-revolutionary acts.
2878:
1218:
143:
105:
2720:
2128:
1509:
2171:
559:
133:
886:
After the Cuban Revolution, on January 1, 1959, much of the Constitution of 1940 was reinstated. This did not fulfill the promises in the
720:
139:
1585:
1313:
2181:
129:
2968:
1049:
In 2002, the Constitution was again amended to make the socialist system permanent and irrevocable. This came at a time when the
85:
1656:
2056:
1245:
159:
693:
2216:
1684:
1277:
907:
903:
1964:
1636:
617:
519:
2176:
2155:
2095:
604:
600:
309:
1611:
Smith, Lois M., and Alfred Padula. Sex and Revolution: Women in Socialist Cuba. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
861:). It remained under a U.S. military government until 1902, when the U.S. oversaw the creation of a new government. The
1804:
1725:
857:
until its independence was won in 1899, following military intervention by the United States (known in the U.S. as the
586:
581:
2893:
2713:
2051:
524:
507:
502:
378:
2113:
1768:
1650:
542:
745:
after that philosophy became the government's guiding force. Cuba's most recent Constitution was enacted in 2019.
468:
2627:
2569:
661:
122:
1659:(GUIDE TO CUBAN LAW AND LEGAL RESEARCH, International Journal of Legal Information 45.2, 2017, pp. 76–188.)
863:
Diario de sesiones del Congreso de la Republica de Cuba (Daily sessions of the Congress of the Republic of Cuba)
2687:
2253:
2078:
1697:
713:
666:
264:
2783:
652:
1624:– The homepage of the Ministry of Justice. Cuban legislation from 2000 onwards is available here in Spanish.
822:, the Cuban constitution was changed to authorize the limited existence of joint ventures and corporations.
2706:
2456:
2441:
2343:
1901:
1824:
1193:
955:
364:
2639:
2579:
2574:
2559:
2372:
2004:
1949:
1139:
327:
291:
590:
2534:
2394:
2258:
2133:
1346:
Perez Villanueva, Omar Evernly; Pavel Vidal Alejandro (2010). "Cuban Perspectives on Cuban Socialism".
899:
1008:
and the courts, adapt the courts to changing circumstances, and remedy other administrative problems.
2898:
2360:
2034:
2019:
1745:
1720:
1677:
1155:
895:
706:
574:
1889:
228:
180:
2853:
2600:
2123:
2118:
1783:
1758:
1161:
996:
legal systems, whose underlying principles are based on existing statute and custom, respectively.
989:
887:
858:
215:
2509:
2421:
2009:
1954:
1944:
1773:
1188:
1177:
868:
The influence of both U.S. and Spanish rule on Cuban law persisted for decades. For example, the
837:
Cuba's laws provide for strong government regulation of the economy in almost all of its facets.
71:
1881:
1314:"Cuba Votes on Updated Constitution, Accepts Private Property | Voice of America - English"
282:
2622:
2610:
2246:
2090:
2085:
1959:
1934:
1929:
1885:
1089:
554:
305:
277:
1893:
2634:
2605:
2584:
2411:
1657:
https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Guide-to-Cuban-Law-and-Legal-Reseatch.pdf
1143:
1038:
2273:
1004:
Successive reforms were instituted throughout the next 30 years to increase the autonomy of
2989:
2729:
2487:
2313:
2233:
2228:
2024:
1994:
1897:
1819:
1814:
1750:
1670:
1546:
1124:
Defining marriage as "a social and legal institution" and "one form of family organization"
756:
is dedicated to advancing equality among the Cuban population, according to state sources.
640:
51:
19:
1443:
1293:
1070:
On February 24, 2019, voters approved a new constitution, which included reforms such as:
270:
110:
8:
2416:
2211:
2138:
2039:
1809:
1778:
645:
622:
393:
315:
1550:
1269:
Cuban Economic and Social Development: Policy Reforms and Challenges in the 21st Century
815:
Cuban law has been criticized as offering little to no protection for private property.
2928:
2748:
2514:
2399:
2389:
2355:
2068:
2029:
1999:
1870:
1183:
1147:
1037:
based on religious belief. For example, persons with religious belief may now join the
980:
972:
869:
768:
24. Marriage is constituted on the basis of equal rights and duties of both partners.
2431:
2426:
2338:
2268:
2221:
2073:
2014:
1939:
1917:
1865:
1740:
1735:
1564:
1273:
1093:
1085:
780:
she be relieved of the obligations of cooperating with the housework and child-care.
549:
487:
373:
260:
1025:. The constitutional amendments of 1992 recognized forms of non-socialist property (
2461:
2436:
2384:
2367:
1978:
1788:
1554:
1298:
1198:
1075:
742:
28:
1366:
1098:
The transfer of head of Council of State to the President of the National Assembly
2873:
2753:
2677:
2564:
2554:
2529:
2333:
2289:
2263:
2199:
1829:
1763:
1730:
1705:
1640:
1633:
1267:
1151:
2883:
2549:
2519:
2466:
2350:
2318:
1834:
1559:
1534:
1131:
1108:
1050:
1034:
1026:
1022:
976:
819:
612:
825:
Cuban law also permits the collective ownership of agricultural cooperatives.
2983:
2828:
2818:
2763:
2667:
2539:
2473:
2451:
2406:
2379:
2328:
2803:
1568:
1030:
784:
be coordinated with fulfillment of the obligations imposed by this code.”
2504:
2323:
1079:
920:
738:
687:
1510:"Cuba expands rights but rejects radical change in updated constitution"
1101:
The position of mayor added to that of president of a municipal assembly
975:. In constructing its legal system, Cuba looked to the countries of the
2698:
2446:
2238:
1849:
1839:
1118:
993:
37:
2308:
1345:
1114:
The establishment of provincial councils made up of municipal leaders
2544:
1646:
1621:
1495:
923:", as was seen after other periods of revolution and social unrest.
829:
government's authority over the regulation of production and land.
776:
in governing the home and cooperate toward its best possible care.
2524:
1627:
1164:
in the justice system, last provided for in the 1940 constitution
862:
1662:
1470:"Explainer: What is old and new in Cuba's proposed constitution"
1390:"Explainer: What is old and new in Cuba's proposed constitution"
1329:"Explainer: What is old and new in Cuba's proposed constitution"
1219:"Cuba ditches aim of building communism from draft constitution"
1127:
Extending the terms of municipal council delegates to five years
2499:
1135:
1535:"Cuba acknowledges climate change threats in its constitution"
1294:"Cuba votes on updated constitution, accepts private property"
966:
935:
854:
1011:
1693:
850:
734:
910:), were created to carry out these laws more efficiently.
807:
The Cuban criminal code does not cover international law.
801:
Cuba's criminal code was based on Spanish law until 1956.
1630:(Informative page on Agrarian Reform in Cuba after 1959)
1597:
Aviva Chomsky, Barry Carr, and Pamela Maria Smorkaloff,
876:
1348:
The Journal of the Research on Socialism and Democracy"
1056:
1033:, other economic associations) and provided for non-
1601:. Duke University Press, Durham and London. (2003)
1415:"Cuba to reshape government with new constitution"
1094:President of the Council of State and of Ministers
865:show how Cuban law was shaped during this period.
1580:
1578:
1381:
1243:
1044:
936:Institutionalization (mid-1970s–late 1980s)
791:
2981:
1261:
1259:
1016:
902:of October 1963. New institutions, such as the
1634:https://www.cubanet.org/ref/dis/const_92_e.htm
1575:
1053:called for greater political freedom in Cuba.
2714:
1713:
1678:
1493:
1358:
714:
2172:Committees for the Defense of the Revolution
1586:"Prensa Latina - Latin American News Agency"
1256:
1117:The creation of a two consecutive five-year
940:
560:Committees for the Defense of the Revolution
1599:The Cuba Reader: History, Culture, Politics
967:Constitution of 1976 and socialist legality
877:Revolutionary period (1959–mid-1970s)
2721:
2707:
1685:
1671:
1467:
1444:"Cuba sets out new constitutional reforms"
1387:
926:
721:
707:
1558:
1265:
1012:Recent legal history (late 1980s–present)
881:
845:
2728:
2182:Military Counterintelligence Directorate
748:
1533:Mega, Emiliano Rodríguez (2019-03-08).
1496:"Some Traps in Cuba's New Constitution"
1246:"Cuba: from communist to co-operative?"
1244:Stephen Wilkinson (10 September 2010).
913:
772:common household cannot be maintained.
733:The substantive and procedural laws of
2982:
2301:
832:
2702:
1666:
1643:(Text of current Cuban Constitution).
1326:
1211:
999:
904:National Institute of Agrarian Reform
1653:with full page images and full text)
1532:
1364:
1084:The restoration of the positions of
1065:
741:and influenced by the principles of
2156:National Revolutionary Police Force
2114:Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR)
2057:National Assembly of People's Power
1057:Creation of private property rights
810:
13:
1805:United States embargo against Cuba
1407:
759:
14:
3001:
2177:Dirección General de Inteligencia
1692:
1647:http://www.dloc.com/?b=UF00015180
1622:https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.cu/
1615:
1365:Baer, James A. (April 11, 2019).
979:for blueprints. The principle of
454:Office of the Comptroller General
2844:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2682:
2672:
2663:
2662:
1651:Digital Library of the Caribbean
1494:Antonio Recio (21 August 2018).
1388:Marc Frank (February 21, 2019).
1369:. Council on Hemispheric Affairs
1327:Frank, Marc (21 February 2019).
681:
36:
2673:
1526:
1502:
1487:
1468:Marc Frank (21 February 2019).
1461:
1436:
949:
796:
1628:http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FE481
1339:
1320:
1306:
1286:
1237:
1045:2002 Constitutional amendments
792:Substantive and procedural law
430:Office of the Attorney General
1:
1605:
469:Gladys María Bejerano Portela
2969:United States Virgin Islands
1825:Cuban intervention in Angola
1367:"Cuban Constitution of 2019"
1272:. Harvard University Press.
1266:Domínguez, Jorge I. (2012).
1204:
1194:Agrarian Reform Laws of Cuba
1017:Collapse of the Eastern Bloc
818:In 1992, in response to the
7:
1171:
582:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
333:Jorge Luis Perdomo Di-Lella
10:
3006:
2134:Territorial Troops Militia
1560:10.1038/d41586-019-00760-3
1180:, English language version
900:Second Agrarian Reform Law
840:
421:Filiberto Caballero Tamayo
123:José Ramón Machado Ventura
17:
2944:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2862:
2736:
2658:
2593:
2495:
2486:
2297:
2288:
2207:
2198:
2164:
2148:
2106:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1925:
1916:
1858:
1845:Fidel's transfer of power
1797:
1746:Cuban War of Independence
1704:
1178:Constitution of Cuba 2002
941:Need for new legal system
896:First Agrarian Reform Law
365:José Amado Ricardo Guerra
2964:Turks and Caicos Islands
1162:presumption of innocence
1078:, and the creation of a
888:Manifesto of Montecristi
591:Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla
543:Administrative divisions
343:Inés María Chapman Waugh
338:Jorge Luis Tapia Fonseca
1189:Legal Profession (Cuba)
1107:The acknowledgement of
1092:as posts separate from
927:People's popular courts
353:Alejandro Gil Fernández
2894:British Virgin Islands
2730:Law of North America
2254:International rankings
2091:Prime Minister of Cuba
2086:Vice President of Cuba
1090:Prime Minister of Cuba
882:Major laws and changes
846:Pre-1959 legal history
601:Diplomatic missions of
416:Yamir Rodriguez Tamayo
379:People's Supreme Court
328:Ramiro Valdés Menendéz
239:Ana María Marí Machado
229:Esteban Lazo Hernández
195:Ana María Marí Machado
181:Esteban Lazo Hernández
2834:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1039:Cuban Communist Party
749:Principle of equality
653:Foreign interventions
348:Ricardo Cabrisas Ruiz
323:Deputy Prime Minister
249:Homero Acosta Álvarez
209:Homero Acosta Álvarez
2457:Association Football
2442:Scouting and Guiding
2234:Dual economy of Cuba
2005:Council of Ministers
1965:World Heritage Sites
1820:Cuban Missile Crisis
1815:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1759:Spanish–American War
956:Council of Ministers
914:Revolutionary courts
859:Spanish–American War
406:Maricela Sosa Ravelo
292:Council of Ministers
283:Salvador Valdés Mesa
20:Constitution of Cuba
2849:Trinidad and Tobago
2744:Antigua and Barbuda
1810:Escambray rebellion
1551:2019Natur.567..155M
1498:. The Havana Times.
1302:. 24 February 2019.
1074:The recognition of
954:In 1973, the Cuban
833:Economic regulation
464:Comptroller General
411:Farah Saucedo Perez
394:Ruben Remigio Ferro
316:Manuel Marrero Cruz
2784:Dominican Republic
2259:Telecommunications
2124:Revolutionary Navy
2119:Revolutionary Army
2000:Corruption in Cuba
1726:Colonial governors
1639:2011-07-09 at the
1419:Washingtonpost.com
1184:Cuban Legal System
1148:sexual orientation
1006:bufetes colectivos
1000:Subsequent reforms
981:socialist legality
973:socialist legality
961:bufetes colectivos
870:Spanish Penal Code
739:Spanish Civil laws
660:Internationalism:
2977:
2976:
2866:other territories
2696:
2695:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2482:
2481:
2284:
2283:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2074:President of Cuba
2052:Political parties
2035:Human trafficking
2020:Foreign relations
1973:
1972:
1912:
1911:
1866:History of Havana
1279:978-0-674-06243-6
1066:2019 Constitution
731:
730:
618:Visa requirements
575:Foreign relations
495:Recent elections
445:Yamila Peña Ojeda
271:Miguel Díaz-Canel
257:Presidency (9th)
160:National Assembly
111:Miguel Díaz-Canel
96:Central Committee
2997:
2934:Saint Barthélemy
2864:Dependencies and
2737:Sovereign states
2723:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2686:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2616:Baseball players
2493:
2492:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2247:Convertible peso
2242:
2205:
2204:
2010:Council of State
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1923:
1922:
1902:Santiago de Cuba
1711:
1710:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1421:. Archived from
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1299:Associated Press
1290:
1284:
1283:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1199:Cuban civil code
1121:on the president
1076:private property
853:was a colony of
811:Private property
743:Marxism-Leninism
723:
716:
709:
686:
685:
684:
440:Attorney General
216:Council of State
205:
191:
177:
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2222:Cooperatives
2165:Intelligence
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2025:Human rights
1995:Constitution
1784:World War II
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1450:. 2018-07-15
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2789:El Salvador
2212:Agriculture
1950:Earthquakes
1880:Timelines:
1774:World War I
921:mob justice
646:LGBT rights
623:Visa policy
140:Secretariat
2924:Montserrat
2919:Martinique
2914:Guadeloupe
2769:Costa Rica
2601:Architects
2505:Afro-Cuban
2447:Sociolismo
2395:Newspapers
2385:Literature
2373:Censorship
2356:Healthcare
2241:(currency)
2069:Propaganda
2030:Censorship
1955:Hurricanes
1890:Guantánamo
1886:Cienfuegos
1850:Cuban thaw
1840:Maleconazo
1789:Revolution
1741:Little War
1606:References
1519:2019-01-09
1454:2020-01-09
1429:2020-01-09
1399:January 9,
1373:January 9,
1160:Restoring
1156:disability
1119:term limit
994:common law
985:explicitly
245:Secretary
225:President
18:See also:
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2824:Nicaragua
2799:Guatemala
2432:Rationing
2417:Festivals
2361:Hospitals
2339:Education
2269:Transport
2141:(defunct)
2129:Air Force
2062:President
2015:Elections
1940:Provinces
1918:Geography
1479:9 January
1252:. London.
1229:9 January
1205:Footnotes
1134:based on
1086:President
990:civil law
754:Cuban law
613:Passports
550:Provinces
488:Elections
389:President
374:Judiciary
360:Secretary
261:President
203:Secretary
175:President
130:Politburo
2984:Category
2874:Anguilla
2809:Honduras
2779:Dominica
2754:Barbados
2668:Category
2628:abstract
2623:Painters
2611:Athletes
2570:Lebanese
2555:Japanese
2530:Filipino
2510:American
2462:Baseball
2437:Religion
2380:Language
2368:Internet
2107:Military
1979:Politics
1898:Matanzas
1882:Camagüey
1871:Timeline
1769:Republic
1721:Timeline
1698:articles
1637:Archived
1569:30862928
1448:BBC News
1172:See also
1130:Banning
992:and the
662:Military
587:Minister
167:9th term
86:Congress
79:8th term
2904:Curaçao
2889:Bonaire
2884:Bermuda
2814:Jamaica
2794:Grenada
2749:Bahamas
2678:Outline
2635:Writers
2606:Artists
2580:Spanish
2575:Mexican
2550:Italian
2545:Isleños
2540:Haitian
2525:Ciboney
2520:Chinese
2329:Cuisine
2302:Society
2290:Culture
2274:airline
2264:Tourism
2200:Economy
1945:Islands
1894:Holguín
1731:Slavery
1706:History
1547:Bibcode
1474:Reuters
1394:Reuters
1333:Reuters
1062:state.
841:History
667:Medical
605:in Cuba
2829:Panama
2819:Mexico
2764:Canada
2759:Belize
2565:Korean
2560:Jewish
2535:French
2500:Cubans
2467:Boxing
2351:Health
2324:Cigars
2319:Cinema
1960:Rivers
1930:Cities
1859:Cities
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1539:Nature
1276:
1136:gender
2879:Aruba
2804:Haiti
2688:Index
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2452:Sport
2427:Radio
2407:Music
2390:Media
2334:Dance
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1753:Maine
855:Spain
91:Rules
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2774:Cuba
2096:list
2079:list
2040:LGBT
1694:Cuba
1565:PMID
1481:2020
1401:2020
1375:2020
1354:(1).
1274:ISBN
1231:2020
1140:race
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894:the
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520:2019
508:2023
503:2018
310:list
300:list
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2309:Art
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