486:
attacked the
Sidicini with the same forces they had deployed against Rome. Facing defeat, the Sidicini tried to surrender themselves to Rome, but their surrender was rejected by the senate as coming far too late. The Sidicini then turned to the Latins who had already taken up arms on their own account. The Campani joined the war as well, and led by the Latins a large army of these allied peoples invaded Samnium. Most of the damage they dealt there to the Samnites was done by raiding rather than fighting, and although the Latins got the better in their various encounters with the Samnites, they were happy to retire from enemy territory and fight no further. The Samnites sent envoys to Rome to complain and demand that if the Latins and Campani really were subject peoples of Rome, Rome should use her authority over them to prevent further attacks on Samnite territory. The Roman senate gave an ambiguous reply, being both unwilling to acknowledge that they could no longer control the Latins and afraid of alienating them further by ordering them to stop their attacks on the Samnites. The Campani had surrendered to Rome and must obey her will, however there was nothing in Rome's treaty with the Latins preventing them from going to war against whomever they wanted. The result of this reply was to completely turn the Campani against Rome and encourage the Latins to take action. In the guise of preparing a Samnite war, the Latins plotted in secret with the Campani for war against Rome. However, news of their plans got out, and at Rome the sitting consuls for 341 were ordered to leave office before the expiry of their term, so that the new consuls could enter office early in preparation for the major war that was brewing. The consuls elected for 340 were
562:, had similarly sent an embassy and demanded to receive an equal share in the government of the Roman Republic. He, however, rejected this as a duplication of the demands made by the Latins at the outbreak of the Latin War. Modern historians do not believe that the Latins made any demand for a consul and half the senate in 340. It is possible that Capua really did so in 216, but most likely Livy was correct to consider this a duplicate of accounts of the Latin War. Instead, they have proposed that historically these were political demands made by the Italians at the outbreak of the Social War. However, no ancient attestations of such demands exist today. By the early 1st century BC, Rome had risen to become the dominant power in the Mediterranean and Roman citizenship was a highly desired favour. However, such sentiments are considered anachronistic for the 4th century. In 340, Rome was still only a local power in Latium, but whose aggressiveness and recent expansion into Campania was an increasing threat to the independence of the smaller Latin communities who risked becoming entirely surrounded by Roman territory. Rather than being caused by the Roman refusal to share their government with the other Latins, the Latin War was a final bid by the Latins to preserve their own independence. In this endeavour they were joined by the Volsci, who were in much the same situation as the Latins, and the Campani,
545:, where they advised the Latins not to make war on the Samnites with whom the Romans had a treaty. In a speech to the senate, Annius presented the demands of the Latins to which he received a furious reply from the consul, T. Manlius Torquatus. Livy writes that, according to tradition, while the senators were invoking the gods as guardians of their treaties with the Latins, Annius was heard dismissing the divine power of the Roman Jupiter. However, when storming out of the temple, Annius slipped on the stairs and was knocked unconscious in the fall, or, according to some, killed. When Torquatus saw Annius lying there, he vowed to strike down the armies of the Latins just as the gods had struck the Latin envoy. This speech was wildly cheered by the people of Rome and war was declared.
48:
554:
Livy has written for L. Annius and the complaints and demands made by Rome's
Italian allies in the years before the Social War. Several of the writers Livy is known to have used for Roman history during the 4th century lived through the Social War, and it would have been natural for them to see parallels between the Latin War and contemporary events. Like the Roman senate rejected an embassy from the Italian insurgents in 90 BC, so the Latin embassy of 340 BC is also rejected. Later, in his account of the
482:, but these were also defeated and the Samnites invaded Campania. At this point the Campanians decided to surrender themselves unconditionally into the power of Rome, following which the Romans felt compelled to intervene to protect their new subjects against Samnite attacks. Modern historians are in some dispute whether this surrender really took place or was invented to absolve Rome of treaty breaking, but generally agree that Rome formed some kind of alliance with Capua.
419:. As the largest Latin city, Rome naturally enjoyed a leading position in this alliance. By the early 4th century BC, the Latins were no longer threatened by invasions, but instead feared an increasingly powerful Rome. Several wars between Rome and other Latins, now often found fighting beside their former enemies the Volsci, are recorded for the first half of the 4th century. In the end, the Latins and the Volsci could not prevent Rome from establishing control over the
498:
the
Sidicini and a surrender offer is made to Rome, and this duplication is unlikely to be historical. This time the surrender is refused, showing the moral superiority of the Roman senate. The supposed secret plotting between the Latins and Campani are also likely to be inventions, inspired by similar secret talks held by the Italians before the outbreak of the Social War, news of which were also leaked to the Romans.
537:
complained that Rome was treating the Latins as subjects rather than allies and proposed that the Latins should demand that henceforth one consul and half the senate should be elected from among the Latins, and so give Latins and Romans an equal share in the government. This measure was adopted and Annius was appointed spokesman for the Latins. The Roman senate received the Latin delegation in an audience in the
691:, those years become 340 and 338 BC. However, modern historians have shown that the Varronian chronology dates the Latin War four years too early because of inclusion of unhistorical "dictator years". Despite that known inaccuracy, the Varronian chronology remains in use by convention also in academic literature and so is also the chronology used in this article. Forsythe(2005), pp. 369-370
447:, Rome's chief opponents among the Latins, who only made peace with Rome in 354 after a lengthy war. During the 340s, Roman-Latin relations seem to have worsened again. Livy records that, in 349, when again faced with a Gallic invasion, the Latins refused to supply their share of troops, and in 343 actually planned to attack Rome, but following news of Roman victories against the
497:
Modern historians have not put much credence in these events supposed to have taken place following the end of the First
Samnite War, believing them to be largely invented. There are several similarities with the events supposed to have started the Samnite War, the Samnites are once again at war with
686:
The Romans customarily dated events by noting the consuls who held office that year. The Latin War broke out in the year that Titus
Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus and Publius Decius Mus were consuls and ended in the year that Lucius Furius Camillus and Gaius Maenius were consuls. When converted to the
536:
and also the Volsci were convinced to take up arms against Rome. As there could be no doubt what the real reasons for summoning these men to Rome were, the Latins held a council meeting to decide what their leaders should reply to the questions they expected the Romans to ask. At the meeting, Annius
553:
Modern historians consider Livy's account of the outbreak of the Latin War unhistorical fiction, filled with invented speeches written, as was common practice among ancient historians, so as to present the arguments of both sides. There is a general resemblance between the rhetoric of the speeches
485:
The First
Samnite War ended in 341 with a negotiated peace and renewal of the former treaty between Rome and the Samnites. Rome retained her Campanian alliance, but accepted that the Sidicini belonged to the Samnite sphere. According to Livy, once peace with Rome had been concluded, the Samnites
646:
The Latins, forced to leave
Campania, moved to Latium, where they put up a long yet unsuccessful resistance against the Roman forces. The defeated Latin peoples were obliged to recognize Roman suzerainty. Some of the Latin towns were Romanized, others became partially Roman, adopting Roman
388:(AD 150 – 235). Modern historians consider the ancient accounts of the Latin War to be a mixture of fact and fiction. All the surviving authors lived long after the Latin War and relied on the works of earlier writers. Several of the historians used by Livy experienced the
511:
Livy writes that when the Romans learnt of the Latins' secret talks with the
Campanians they sent for the ten leading men among the Latins to come to Rome and receive instructions, pretending to be concerned for the Samnites. At this time, the Latins had two
400:
The Latins did not have any central government, but were divided into a number of self-governing towns and cities with a shared language, culture and some legal and religious institutions. In the 5th century BC, these
602:, defeated the Latins. According to Roman sources, Manlius reinstated army discipline by executing his son for his unintentional disobedience, while Decius sacrificed his own life to the gods for the Roman victory.
392:
between Rome and its
Italian allies and seem to have interpreted the Latin War in the terms of that war, which may have introduced anachronistic elements into the historical record.
270:
1131:
1536:
263:
183:
344:
and incorporation of its territory into the Roman sphere of influence, with the Latins gaining partial rights and varying levels of citizenship.
256:
494:. The annually elected consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and responsible for commanding Rome's armies in times of war.
1647:
1223:
222:
1642:
227:
232:
1479:
1371:
1232:
487:
1526:
1240:
1142:
439:
invasion seems to have convinced at least some Latin towns to resume their treaty with Rome in 358, but these did not include
1184:
1162:
1096:
176:
212:
1565:
491:
1118:
538:
1652:
1612:
1600:
1216:
599:
147:
570:, three peoples who all risked being squeezed between the growing powers of Central Italy, Rome and the Samnites.
169:
819:
478:. Unable to resist, the Sidicini appealed to the Campanians, who were led by the famously wealthy city-state of
1110:
1270:
1595:
1209:
595:
143:
1637:
1632:
1176:
369:
217:
207:
20:
1570:
1553:
1295:
586:, then, avoiding Latium, entered the Campanian territory and attacked the Latins and Campanians near
389:
1580:
1546:
1499:
1250:
615:
312:
1585:
1484:
1275:
1255:
1154:
466:
as the border between their respective spheres of influence, but despite this treaty, in 343 the
35:
857:
Salmon (1967), p. 197; Cornell (1995), p. 347; Oakley (1998), pp. 286–9; Forsythe (2005), p. 287
1590:
1462:
1361:
358:
1085:
The
Beginnings of Rome — Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC)
1575:
1489:
1467:
1457:
1354:
1344:
1302:
1280:
337:
1447:
1349:
1339:
1265:
688:
193:
8:
16:
4th-century BC conflict between the Roman Republic and neighboring Latin peoples of Italy
648:
1428:
1260:
611:
591:
372:(c. 60 BC–after 7 BC), a Greek contemporary of Livy, and a summary by the 12th century
307:
302:
462:. In 354, they had formed a treaty of friendship with Rome, probably fixing the river
1441:
1433:
1423:
1329:
1180:
1158:
1114:
1092:
467:
364:
474:. According to Livy, this war originated in Samnite attacks on a smaller tribe, the
1541:
1452:
1376:
1317:
664:
559:
555:
424:
407:
373:
39:
1558:
1396:
1334:
1322:
1312:
542:
377:
356:(59 BC – AD 17), who narrates the war in the eighth book of his history of Rome,
1505:
1408:
1381:
652:
587:
411:, primarily to resist the raids and invasions of two neighbouring peoples, the
333:
106:
47:
1626:
1516:
1494:
1391:
1386:
622:
commanded the Roman naval forces which defeated the combined Latin armies of
619:
558:, Livy mentions that some of his sources claimed that the Capuans, after the
517:
151:
605:
1511:
1418:
1413:
1366:
1285:
428:
362:. Two other substantial narratives have also survived, a fragment from the
341:
292:
115:
90:
1474:
1403:
1290:
583:
385:
1307:
1141:, New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: American Book Company (1901) (through
402:
119:
352:
The most comprehensive source on the Latin War is the Roman historian
1201:
1088:
459:
444:
635:
627:
563:
533:
475:
471:
452:
448:
432:
161:
127:
110:
77:
631:
579:
567:
525:
513:
297:
131:
416:
123:
73:
623:
529:
521:
479:
463:
440:
436:
412:
340:
peoples of ancient Italy. It ended in the dissolution of the
470:
broke out between Rome and the Samnites over the control of
458:
The Samnites were a tribal federation living in the central
248:
1067:
353:
606:
Roman subjugation of the Latins and the Volsci 339–338 BC
528:, both colonies. Through their efforts, the colonies of
1195:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
1049:
614:. The Latins were finally defeated in 338 BC at the
573:
610:One year later, Manlius defeated the Latins at the
1624:
1197:. Vol. II. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
782:Oakley (1998), pp. 5-6; Forsythe (2005), p. 258
764:Cornell (1995), p. 322; Forsythe (2005), p. 258
1037:Oakley (1998), p. 409; Forsythe (2005), p. 289
992:Oakley (1998), p. 410; Forsythe (2005), p. 289
902:Oakley (1998), p. 394; Forsythe (2005), p. 289
875:Salmon (1967), p. 202; Forsythe (2005), p. 288
1217:
264:
177:
1601:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
773:Oakley (1998), p. 5; Forsythe (2005), p. 258
1019:Oakley (1998), p. 411; Salmon (1967), p 207
405:had formed a mutual military alliance, the
1224:
1210:
271:
257:
184:
170:
332:of 340–338 BC was a conflict between the
1153:, vol. II: Books VII–VIII, Oxford:
1104:
431:) and in 381 annexing the Latin town of
1372:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
1082:
687:western calendar using the traditional
1625:
1231:
1170:
1148:
641:
582:; the Roman-Samnite army moved to the
1205:
1192:
1055:
252:
165:
1648:4th century BC in the Roman Republic
1480:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
682:
680:
191:
13:
506:
14:
1664:
1643:Wars involving the Roman Republic
677:
574:The South-Eastern campaign 340 BC
539:temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
1613:Military history of ancient Rome
1107:A Critical History of Early Rome
670:
46:
1596:Civil wars of the Third Century
1151:A Commentary on Livy Books VI–X
1061:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
812:
803:
794:
785:
776:
600:T. Manlius Torquatus Imperiosus
1111:University of California Press
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
722:
713:
704:
548:
451:instead decided to attack the
89:Roman victory, dissolution of
36:the Roman unification of Italy
1:
1076:
395:
278:
213:Tarquinius Priscus' Campaigns
737:Forsythe (2005), pp. 186-188
594:, the Romans, under consuls
7:
755:Cornell (1995), pp. 322-323
658:
651:, while some others became
618:on the river Astura, where
501:
10:
1669:
1177:Cambridge University Press
1010:Oakley (1998), pp. 410-411
839:Salmon (1967), pp. 187-193
710:Oakley (1998), pp. 425-426
490:, for the third time, and
370:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
347:
18:
1609:
1554:Roman conquest of Britain
1525:
1239:
1139:Outlines of Roman History
288:
203:
137:
100:
56:
45:
33:
28:
19:For the earlier war, see
1173:Samnium and the Samnites
791:Oakley (1998), pp. 13-15
698:
148:Titus Manlius Imperiosus
1653:4th century BC in Italy
1251:Roman conquest of Italy
1193:Smith, William (1867).
1155:Oxford University Press
1105:Forsythe, Gary (2005),
920:Forsythe (2005), p. 289
746:Forsythe (2005), p. 187
728:Forsythe (2005), p. 184
488:Titus Manlius Torquatus
336:and its neighbors, the
208:Ancus Marcius' Campaign
52:Italy in 4th century BC
423:(the territory of the
138:Commanders and leaders
21:Latin War (498–493 BC)
1581:Domitian's Dacian War
1500:Liberators' civil war
1001:Oakley (1998), p. 409
983:Oakley (1998), p. 409
974:Oakley (1998), p. 409
911:Oakley (1998), p. 394
848:Livy, vii.29.3-32.1–2
719:Oakley (1998), p. 410
390:Social War (91–88 BC)
64:341/340– 338 BC
1586:Trajan's Dacian Wars
1271:Roman–Hernician wars
1083:Cornell, TJ (1995),
1046:Salmon (1967), p 207
689:Varronian chronology
1485:Roman–Parthian Wars
1276:Roman–Volscian wars
1256:Roman–Etruscan Wars
1171:Salmon, ET (1967),
1149:Oakley, SP (1998),
642:Political aftermath
578:The Latins entered
524:and L. Numisius of
1591:Roman–Persian Wars
1490:Caesar's civil war
1362:Roman–Seleucid war
1261:Roman-Aequian wars
1233:Ancient Roman wars
1137:William C. Morey,
1132:Classic Literature
866:Livy, viii.1.8-2.3
612:Battle of Trifanum
592:Battle of Vesuvius
492:Publius Decius Mus
308:Battle of Trifanum
303:Battle of Vesuvius
228:War with Praeneste
144:Publius Decius Mus
1638:330s BC conflicts
1633:340s BC conflicts
1620:
1619:
1576:Jewish–Roman wars
1448:Sulla's civil war
1442:Bellum Octavianum
1330:Illyro-Roman Wars
1303:Roman–Gallic wars
1281:Roman–Sabine wars
1186:978-0-521-13572-6
1164:978-0-19-815226-2
1126:Theodor Mommsen,
1098:978-0-415-01596-7
956:Livy, viii.5.1-12
947:Livy, viii.4.1-12
884:Livy, viii.2.4-13
830:Livy, vii.19.3–4.
468:First Samnite War
365:Roman Antiquities
321:
320:
246:
245:
160:
159:
96:
95:
1660:
1542:Marcomannic Wars
1453:Mithridatic Wars
1377:Celtiberian Wars
1266:Roman–Latin wars
1226:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1167:
1123:
1101:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
993:
990:
984:
981:
975:
972:
966:
965:Livy, viii.6.1-7
963:
957:
954:
948:
945:
939:
936:
930:
929:Livy, viii.3.8-9
927:
921:
918:
912:
909:
903:
900:
894:
893:Livy, viii.3.1-5
891:
885:
882:
876:
873:
867:
864:
858:
855:
849:
846:
840:
837:
831:
828:
822:
816:
810:
807:
801:
800:Livy, vii.25.5-6
798:
792:
789:
783:
780:
774:
771:
765:
762:
756:
753:
747:
744:
738:
735:
729:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
692:
684:
665:Roman-Latin wars
560:Battle of Cannae
556:Second Punic War
435:. The threat of
425:Pomptine Marshes
408:Foedus Cassianum
283:
273:
266:
259:
250:
249:
198:
196:
195:Roman–Latin wars
186:
179:
172:
163:
162:
58:
57:
50:
40:Roman-Latin wars
26:
25:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1605:
1571:Civil war of 69
1559:Boudican revolt
1528:
1521:
1397:Cantabrian Wars
1335:Macedonian Wars
1242:
1235:
1230:
1187:
1165:
1128:History of Rome
1121:
1099:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
982:
978:
973:
969:
964:
960:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:Livy, viii.3.10
937:
933:
928:
924:
919:
915:
910:
906:
901:
897:
892:
888:
883:
879:
874:
870:
865:
861:
856:
852:
847:
843:
838:
834:
829:
825:
817:
813:
808:
804:
799:
795:
790:
786:
781:
777:
772:
768:
763:
759:
754:
750:
745:
741:
736:
732:
727:
723:
718:
714:
709:
705:
701:
696:
695:
685:
678:
673:
661:
644:
616:Battle of Pedum
608:
576:
551:
543:Capitoline Hill
509:
507:Ancient account
504:
398:
378:Joannes Zonaras
359:Ab urbe condita
350:
322:
317:
313:Battle of Pedum
284:
279:
277:
247:
242:
199:
194:
192:
190:
150:
146:
130:
126:
122:
118:
109:
81:
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1506:Bellum Siculum
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1411:
1409:Jugurthine War
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1382:Lusitanian War
1379:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1247:
1245:
1243:Roman Republic
1237:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1190:
1185:
1168:
1163:
1146:
1135:
1124:
1119:
1102:
1097:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1058:, p. 896.
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
811:
809:Livy, vii.38.1
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
702:
700:
697:
694:
693:
675:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
660:
657:
653:Roman colonies
643:
640:
607:
604:
588:Mount Vesuvius
575:
572:
550:
547:
508:
505:
503:
500:
421:ager Pomptinus
397:
394:
349:
346:
334:Roman Republic
319:
318:
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
286:
285:
276:
275:
268:
261:
253:
244:
243:
241:
240:
235:
233:War with Tibur
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
204:
201:
200:
189:
188:
181:
174:
166:
158:
157:
154:
140:
139:
135:
134:
113:
107:Roman Republic
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
87:
83:
82:
72:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
43:
42:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1665:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1537:Germanic wars
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1517:War of Actium
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:War of Mutina
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Sertorian War
1390:
1388:
1387:Numantine War
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1143:Forum Romanum
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1120:0-520-24991-7
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1028:Oakley p. 410
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
821:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
703:
690:
683:
681:
676:
671:Note on dates
666:
663:
662:
656:
654:
650:
649:magistratures
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:Gaius Maenius
617:
613:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
546:
544:
540:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:Lucius Annius
515:
499:
495:
493:
489:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:
404:
393:
391:
387:
383:
382:Roman history
380:based on the
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
360:
355:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
287:
282:
274:
269:
267:
262:
260:
255:
254:
251:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
202:
197:
187:
182:
180:
175:
173:
168:
167:
164:
155:
153:
152:Gaius Maenius
149:
145:
142:
141:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
112:
108:
105:
104:
99:
92:
88:
85:
84:
79:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
60:
59:
55:
49:
44:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1611:
1566:Armenian War
1529:Roman Empire
1512:Perusine War
1504:
1440:
1419:Servile Wars
1414:Cimbrian War
1367:Galatian War
1286:Samnite Wars
1194:
1172:
1150:
1138:
1127:
1109:, Berkeley:
1106:
1087:, New York:
1084:
1063:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
970:
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
814:
805:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
733:
724:
715:
706:
645:
609:
577:
552:
510:
496:
484:
457:
429:Monti Lepini
420:
406:
399:
381:
363:
357:
351:
342:Latin League
329:
325:
323:
293:Latin league
280:
237:
116:Latin League
101:Belligerents
91:Latin League
1527:Wars of the
1475:Gallic Wars
1404:Achaean War
1291:Pyrrhic War
1241:Wars of the
584:Fucine Lake
549:Modern view
403:city-states
386:Cassius Dio
376:chronicler
1627:Categories
1547:Gothic War
1308:Punic Wars
1296:Social War
1077:References
1056:Smith 1867
818:Diodorus,
596:Decius Mus
396:Background
238:340–338 BC
223:389–385 BC
218:498–493 BC
120:Campanians
1130:(through
1089:Routledge
1070:viii. 13.
590:. In the
460:Apennines
445:Praeneste
374:Byzantine
330:Latin War
281:Latin War
29:Latin War
820:xvi.45.8
659:See also
636:Velitrae
628:Lanuvium
564:Sidicini
534:Velitrae
514:praetors
502:Outbreak
476:Sidicini
472:Campania
453:Paeligni
449:Samnites
433:Tusculum
427:and the
415:and the
128:Sidicini
111:Samnites
78:Campania
69:Location
38:and the
34:Part of
580:Samnium
568:Aurunci
541:on the
526:Circeii
348:Sources
298:Samnium
156:unknown
132:Aurunci
1463:Second
1429:Second
1355:Fourth
1345:Second
1318:Second
1183:
1161:
1117:
1095:
632:Aricia
624:Antium
530:Signia
437:Gallic
417:Volsci
326:Second
124:Volsci
86:Result
74:Latium
1468:Third
1458:First
1434:Third
1424:First
1350:Third
1340:First
1323:Third
1313:First
699:Notes
522:Setia
480:Capua
464:Liris
441:Tibur
413:Aequi
338:Latin
324:The (
1181:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1068:Livy
634:and
598:and
566:and
532:and
443:and
354:Livy
61:Date
520:of
384:of
368:of
1629::
1179:,
1175:,
1157:,
1113:,
1091:,
679:^
655:.
638:.
630:,
626:,
516:,
455:.
328:)
76:,
1225:e
1218:t
1211:v
1145:)
1134:)
272:e
265:t
258:v
185:e
178:t
171:v
80:,
23:.
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