1225:) derivatives market to grow and the ability of U.S. entities to remain competitive in the global financial marketplace." On July 30, 1998, then-Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Summers testified before the U.S. Congress that "the parties to these kinds of contract are largely sophisticated financial institutions that would appear to be eminently capable of protecting themselves from fraud and counterparty insolvencies." At the time Summers stated that "to date there has been no clear evidence of a need for additional regulation of the institutional OTC derivatives market, and we would submit that proponents of such regulation must bear the burden of demonstrating that need." In 1999 Summers endorsed the GrammβLeachβBliley Act which removed the separation between investment and commercial banks, saying "With this bill, the American financial system takes a major step forward towards the 21st Century."
1352:(compared to women) in tests of cognitive abilities, leading to proportionally more males than females at both the lower and upper tails of the test score distributions, caused the most controversy. In his discussion of this hypothesis, Summers said that "even small differences in the standard deviation will translate into very large differences in the available pool substantially out ". Summers referenced research that implied differences between the standard deviations of males and females in the top 5% of twelfth graders under various tests. He then went on to argue that, if this research were to be accepted, then "whatever the set of attributes ... that are precisely defined to correlate with being an aeronautical engineer at MIT or being a chemist at Berkeley ... are probably different in their standard deviations as well".
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1558:. Epstein pledged to donate at least $ 25 million to Harvard during Summers's tenure to endow Harvard's Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, and Epstein was given an office at Harvard for his personal use. Epstein otherwise had no formal connection to Harvard. Summers's ties to Epstein reportedly began "a number of years...before Summers became Harvard's president and even before he was the Secretary of the Treasury." Flight records introduced as evidence in the 2021 trial of Epstein associate
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1931:. The possibility of his nomination created a great deal of controversy with some senators of both parties declaring opposition. On September 15, Summers withdrew his name from consideration for the position, writing: "I have reluctantly concluded that any possible confirmation process for me would be acrimonious and would not serve the interest of the Federal Reserve, the Administration or, ultimately, the interests of the nation's ongoing economic recovery."
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of intrinsic aptitude, and particularly of the variability of aptitude, and that those considerations are reinforced by what are in fact lesser factors involving socialization and continuing discrimination. I would like nothing better than to be proved wrong, because I would like nothing better than for these problems to be addressable simply by everybody understanding what they are, and working very hard to address them.
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and it noted that
Summers had forewarned Shleifer and his wife Nancy Zimmerman about the conflict-of-interest regulations back in 1996. Summers's friendship with Shleifer was well known by the corporation when it selected him to succeed Rudenstine and Summers recused himself from all proceedings with Shleifer, whose case was actually handled by an independent committee led by former Harvard president
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1722:, as Volcker accused Summers of delaying the effort to organize a panel of outside economic advisers, and Summers had cut Volcker out of White House meetings and had not shown interest in collaborating on policy solutions to the economic crisis. On the other hand, Obama himself was reportedly thrilled with the work Summers did in his first few weeks on the job. And
1594:. The Winklevosses believed that Zuckerberg had stolen their idea for a social networking website and launched Facebook on his own, after they had asked him to be a part of their project, then called HarvardConnection. Summers believed that the matter was outside the university's jurisdiction and advised the twins to take their complaint to the courts.
1690:. Upon being nominated Treasury Secretary by President Clinton in 1999, Summers listed assets of about $ 900,000 and debts, including a mortgage, of $ 500,000. By the time he returned in 2009 to serve in the Obama administration, he reported a net worth between $ 17 million and $ 39 million. He is a former member of the Steering Committee of the
1316:, Summers sparked controversy with his discussion of why women may have been underrepresented "in tenured positions in science and engineering at top universities and research institutions". The conference was designed to be off-the-record so that participants could speak candidly without fear of public misunderstanding or disclosure later.
1286:. Summers also claimed that West's "rap" album was an "embarrassment" to the university. West pushed back strongly against the accusations. "The hip-hop scared him. It's a stereotypical reaction", he said later. West, who later called Summers both "uninformed" and "an unprincipled power player" in describing this encounter in his book
1761:, had argued that more of the stimulus should be spent on infrastructure, while Summers had supported tax cuts. In late 2008, Summers and economic advisors for then-President-elect Obama presented a memo with options for an economic stimulus package ranging from $ 550 billion to $ 900 billion. According to
1452:, resigned saying he was angered both by the university president's comments about women and by Summers being given a salary increase. The resignation letter to the president said, "I could not and cannot support a raise in your salary, ... I believe that Harvard's best interests require your resignation."
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Summers referred to the United
Kingdom's Brexit vote on June 23, 2016, in favor of leaving the European Union as the "worst self-inflicted policy wound that a country has done since the Second World War". However, Summers cautioned that the result was a "wake up call for elites everywhere" and called
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I've been a member of this
Faculty for over 45 years, and I am no longer easily shocked," is how Frederick H. Abernathy, the McKay professor of mechanical engineering, began his biting comments about the Shleifer case at Tuesday's fiery Faculty meeting. But, Abernathy continued, "I was deeply shocked
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So my best guess, to provoke you, of what's behind all of this is that the largest phenomenon, by far, is the general clash between people's legitimate family desires and employers' current desire for high power and high intensity, that in the special case of science and engineering, there are issues
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Office
Memorandum from Lawrence M. Summers, Subject: GEP, the World Bank/IMFMIGA, December 12, 1991. This was an internal memo at the World Bank, not intended for the public -- reportedly sarcastic, rather than sincere, according to its authors -- that highlighted the economic logic of dumping waste
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In 2016, Gratitude
America Ltd. shelled out $ 110,000 to Verse Video Education. The Cambridge, Massachusetts-based nonprofit produces the PBS show Poetry in America, whose creator and host is Harvard professor Elisa New. Verse's 2016 tax return named New as the group's president but doesn't include
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petitioned the campaign to disavow
Summers, saying, "Summers's legacy is advocating for policies that contributed to the skyrocketing inequality and climate crisis we're living with today." Following the outcry, Summers stated he would not be joining a future Biden administration, in the event that
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initially recommended a $ 1.8-trillion package, which proposal
Summers quickly rejected, believing any stimulus approaching $ 1 trillion would not pass through Congress. Romer revised her recommendation to $ 1.2 trillion, which Summers agreed to include in the memo, but Summers struck the figure at
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of and sway over the
Russian economy in order to make lucrative personal investments, all while leading a Harvard group, advising the Russian government, that was under contract with the U.S. The article suggests that Summers shielded his fellow economist from disciplinary action by the university,
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There is a great deal of absurd political correctness. Now, I'm somebody who believes very strongly in diversity, who resists racism in all of its many incarnations, who thinks that there is a great deal that's unjust in
American society that needs to be combated, but it seems to be that there is a
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provided advice to the
Russian government between 1992 and 1997. Later there was a scandal when it emerged that some of the Harvard project members had invested in Russia and were therefore not impartial advisors. Summers encouraged then-Russian leader Boris Yeltsin to use the same "three-'ations'"
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in 1991 as the World Bank's Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist. As such, Summers played a "key role" in designing strategies to aid developing countries, worked on the bank's loan committee, guided the bank's research and statistics operations, and guided external training
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This lunch-time talk drew accusations of sexism and careless scholarship, and an intense negative response followed, both nationally and at Harvard. Summers apologized repeatedly. Nevertheless, the controversy is speculated to have contributed to his resigning his position as president of Harvard
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defended the legitimacy of Summers's January lecture. When asked if Summers's talk was "within the pale of legitimate academic discourse," Pinker responded "Good grief, shouldn't everything be within the pale of legitimate academic discourse, as long as it is presented with some degree of rigor?
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has defended him, saying that "Larry has been a true advocate for women throughout his career" at the World Bank and Treasury. Referring to the lunch talk, Sandberg said, "What few seem to note is that it is remarkable that he was giving the speech in the first place β that he cared enough about
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asked Summers about the financial crisis in an ABC interview on March 15, 2009, Summers replied that "there are a lot of terrible things that have happened in the last eighteen months, but what's happened at A.I.G. ... the way it was not regulated, the way no one was watching ... is outrageous."
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has claimed authorship of the private memo, which both he and Summers say was intended as sarcasm. The memo stated that "the economic logic behind dumping a load of toxic waste in the lowest wage country is impeccable and we should face up to that. ... I've always thought that under-populated
1986:, and holding the "Israeli regime entirely responsible for all unfolding violence". This letter from Harvard University student groups blaming Israel drew a backlash from several prominent alumni and from Larry Summers, who said that he was "sickened" by it. Summers, though agreeing with
2150:? On September 20, 2022 he asked a question on Twitter: "There is some social phenomenon which I suspect explains non work, non marriage, deaths of despair, general alienation and, I suspect, the rise of reactionary populism. It should be a major task of social science to understand it."
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Victoria Joanne Perry, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Perry of Ormond Beach, Fla., and Cape Rosier, Me., was married yesterday to Lawrence Henry Summers, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Summers of Merion Station, Pa. The ceremony was performed at the Harvard Club in Boston
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In June 2016, Summers also wrote, "I believe the risks to the US and global economies of Mr Trump's election as president are far greater . If he is elected, I would expect a protracted recession to begin within 18 months. The damage would be felt far beyond the United States."
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Epstein has pledged at least $ 25 million to Harvard to create the Epstein Program for Mathematical Biology and Evolutionary Dynamics, and Epstein will have an office at the university...He says he was reluctant to have his name attached to the program, but Summers persuaded
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Much of Summers's tenure at the Treasury Department was focused on international economic issues. He was deeply involved in the Clinton administration's effort to bail out Mexico and Russia when those nations had currency crises. Summers set up a project through which the
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Because Harvard paid almost all of the damages and allowed Shleifer to retain his faculty position, the settlement provoked allegations of favoritism by Summers. His continued support for Shleifer strengthened Summers's unpopularity with other professors, as reported in
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specific donors for its $ 1.38 million in total contributions. New is married to Summers, Harvard University's former president, who hobnobbed with Epstein in elite international relations groups and, like Bill Clinton, flew on Epstein's private jet.
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around 1983, underwent treatment and has remained cancer-free. Summers has three children (older twin daughters Ruth and Pamela and son Harry) with his first wife, Victoria Joanne (Perry). In December 2005, Summers married English professor
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1263:, Summers left the Treasury Department and returned to Harvard as its 27th president, serving from July 2001 until June 2006. He was Harvard's first Jewish president, though his predecessor Neil Rudenstine's father was Jewish.
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on the causes of the crisis, explaining that the problem was excessive government regulation. Under the advice of Kenneth Lay, Summers urged Davis to relax California's environmental standards in order to reassure the markets.
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After months of contentious public debate, Larry Summers has withdrawn his name from consideration to become the next chairman of the Federal Reserve. President Obama said he spoke with Summers earlier Sunday and accepted his
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This question demonstrates the large gap in his knowledge about the Karl Marx theory of alienation, which Summers, as an economist should be aware of. [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm
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countries in Africa are vastly underpolluted." According to Pritchett, the memo, as leaked, was doctored to remove context and intended irony, and was "a deliberate fraud and forgery to discredit Larry and the World Bank."
1718:. In this position Summers emerged as a key economic decision-maker in the Obama administration, where he attracted both praise and criticism. There had been friction between Summers and former Federal Reserve Chairman
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deregulation and his new leadership role in the government bailout. On April 18, 2010, in an interview on ABC's "This Week" program, Clinton said Summers was wrong in the advice he gave him not to regulate derivatives.
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to ameliorate the "devastating consequences" of the capacity of capital employing robots, 3-D printing, artificial intelligence, and similar technologies "to replace white-collar as well as blue-collar work,"
1417:, passed 218β185 a motion of "lack of confidence" in the leadership of Summers, with 18 abstentions. A second motion that offered a milder censure of the president passed 253 to 137, also with 18 abstentions.
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Facing growing opposition in Congress, Lawrence H. Summers, the former Treasury secretary and a top contender for Federal Reserve chairman, told President Obama that he didn't want to be considered for the
1221:(CFTC) issued a Concept Release soliciting input from regulators, academics, and practitioners to determine "how best to maintain adequate regulatory safeguards without impairing the ability of the OTC (
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for which he received $ 5 million in salary and other compensation over a 16-month period. At the same time Summers earned $ 2.7 million in speaking fees from major financial institutions, including
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On February 21, 2006, Summers announced his intention to step down at the end of the school year effective June 30, 2006. Harvard agreed to provide Summers on his resignation with a one-year paid
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The World Bank's official site also reports that Summer's research included an "influential" report that demonstrated a very high return from investments in educating girls in developing nations.
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and replace them with a system for the 21st century," Summers said. "This historic legislation will better enable American companies to compete in the new economy." Many critics, including
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On April 3, 2009, Summers came under renewed criticism after it was disclosed that he was paid millions of dollars the previous year by companies which he now had influence over as a
992:. Some of his popular courses today, as Charles W. Eliot University Professor at Harvard University, include American Economic Policy and The Political Economy of Globalization.
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May 11, 2016. "Another wing of the Berggruen Institute has technologists like Elon Musk and Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, as well as former treasury secretary Larry Summers."
1642:, with offices in the Kennedy School of Government and the Harvard Business School. In 2006 he was also a member of the Panel of Eminent Persons which reviewed the work of the
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reached an agreement under which the university paid $ 26.5 million to settle the five-year-old lawsuit. Shleifer was also responsible for paying $ 2 million worth of damages.
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1994:". Summers has repeatedly criticized the Harvard administration for its failure to curb what he sees as rising antisemitism at the university since the Hamas attack.
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Director of the National Economic Council, Dr. Lawrence H. Summers, is Keynote Speaker at Yeshiva University's Annual Hanukkah Dinner and Convocation on December 13
1209:, Fed Chairman Greenspan, and Secretary Rubin, torpedoed an effort to regulate the derivatives that many blame for bringing the financial market down in Fall 2008.
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on the need to look at employees' political views, called Ackman's request to release the names of all the students involved in signing the letter "the stuff of
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leave, subsidized a $ 1 million outstanding loan from the university for his personal residence, and provided other payments. Former University President
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indicated that students opposed his resignation by a three-to-one margin, with 57% of responding students opposing his resignation and 19% supporting it.
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Summers was "often at the centre of heated debates" about economic policy, to an extent exceptional for the history of the World Bank in recent decades.
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In June 2005, Harvard and Shleifer announced that they had reached a tentative settlement with the US government. In August, Harvard, Shleifer, and the
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1966:"the least responsible macroeconomic policy we've had in the last 40 years" and arguing that it risked economic recession and market destabilization.
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no longer to use Summers as an advisor, after reports surfaced that Summers was advising the campaign on economic policy. Progressive groups like the
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from 2001 to 2006, where he is the Charles W. Eliot University Professor and director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at
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section, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017
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women's careers and their trajectory in the fields of math and science to proactively analyze the issues and talk about what was going wrong".
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Summers pressured the Korean government to raise its interest rates and balance its budget in the midst of a recession, policies criticized by
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in 1982. In 1983, at age 28, Summers became one of the youngest tenured professors in Harvard's history. He was a visiting academic at the
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2062:. Charles Ferguson points out the economist's role in what he characterizes as the deregulation of many domains of the financial sector.
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looks at a $ 100 bill and remarks "$ 100 bill, autographed by Lawrence Summers. Such a carefree signature, before the great recession."
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from January 2009 until November 2010, where he emerged as a key economic decision-maker in the Obama administration's response to the
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As Treasury Secretary, Summers led the Clinton Administration's opposition to tax cuts proposed by the Republican Congress in 1999.
4535:"Larry Summers was ousted as Harvard president. He has a lot to say about what's wrong with the university now. - The Boston Globe"
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Summers then began by identifying three hypotheses for the higher proportion of men in high-end science and engineering positions:
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Hedges, L. V., & Nowell, A. (1995). "Sex differences in mental scores, variability, and numbers of high scoring individuals".
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1488:. In 2004, a federal judge ruled that while Harvard had violated the contract, Shleifer and his associate alone were liable for
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show that Summers flew on Jeffrey Epstein's private plane on at least four occasions, including once in 1998 when Summers was
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Summers then went on to discuss approaches to remedying the shortage of women in high-end science and engineering positions.
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4509:"Former Harvard president Larry Summers thinks Bill Ackman asking for lists of student names is the 'stuff of Joe McCarthy'"
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A number of Summers's decisions at Harvard have attracted public controversy, either at the time or since his resignation.
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is "ill-advised by Larry Summers. Larry Summers hates infrastructure." DeFazio, along with liberal economists including
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requested a meeting with Summers in order to ask him to intervene on their behalf in an ongoing dispute they had with
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kind of creeping totalitarianism in terms of what kind of ideas are acceptable and are debatable on college campuses.
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acted as Interim President while the University conducted a search for a replacement which ended with the naming of
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Larry Summers should "be given a White House post in which he was charged with shooting down or fixing bad ideas."
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and at least three times while Harvard president. A charity funded by Epstein also donated to the production of a
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Administration. In 1995, he was promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under his long-time political mentor
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Summers became a professor of economics at Harvard University in 1983. He left Harvard in 1991, working as the
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while resuming his role as a tenured Harvard professor. In June 2011 Summers joined the board of directors of
1789:) asking him to remove caps on executive pay at firms that have received stimulus money, including Citigroup.
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in 2003, during Summers's tenure as president, detailed a reportedly "special connection" between Summers and
766:. While working for the Clinton administration, Summers played a leading role in the American response to the
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With An IPO On Its Radar, Lending Club Adds Former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers To Its Heavyweight Board
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1630:, on left, discusses with a group in the White House, including Larry Summers on far right (back to camera).
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was caused by the partial repeal of the 1933 GlassβSteagall Act. Indeed, as a member of President Clinton's
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After a one-year sabbatical, Summers subsequently accepted Harvard University's invitation to serve as the
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of policy he advocated in the Clinton Administration β "privatization, stabilization, and liberalization."
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Poterba, James M. (Winter 1995). "In Honor of Lawrence H. Summers, Winner of the John Bates Clark Medal".
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In January 2005, at a Conference on Diversifying the Science & Engineering Workforce sponsored by the
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On October 19, 2006, Summers was hired as a part-time managing director of the New York-based hedge fund
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Summers had stronger support among Harvard College students than among the college faculty. One poll by
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4202:"Progressive groups renew push to oust Larry Summers from Biden campaign citing environmental concerns"
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2265:"Full Transcript: President Summers' Remarks at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Jan. 14 2005"
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in 1993 from the American Economic Association. In 1987, he was the first social scientist to win the
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Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. M. (2006). "Study of mathematically precocious youth after 35 years".
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Summers was a leading voice within the Clinton Administration arguing against American leadership in
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731:. In November 2023, Summers joined the board of directors of artificial general intelligence company
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As a researcher, Summers has made important contributions in many areas of economics, primarily
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According to the World Bank's Data & Research office (March 2017), Summers returned to
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4411:"Larry Summers blasts $ 1.9 T stimulus as 'least responsible' economic policy in 40 years"
3941:"Sean Grady: Shootout at Jackson Hole: The World's Central Bankers Take Aim at Deflation."
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1464:, a close friend and protΓ©gΓ© of Summers, controversially paid $ 28.5 million to settle a
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In 1993, Summers was appointed Undersecretary for International Affairs and later in the
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821:
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After his departure from Harvard, Summers worked as a managing partner at the hedge fund
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Candidacy for chairmanship of the Federal Reserve and governorship of the Bank of Israel
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In an October 2001 meeting, Summers criticized African American Studies department head
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Soloman, Deborah; Mark Maremont (February 14β15, 2009). "Bankers Face Strict Pay Cap".
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Since leaving the NEC in December 2010, Summers has worked as an advisor to hedge fund
1821:
1694:. In 2013, Summers became an early angel investor in India's first car rental company,
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2011:, who has three daughters (Yael, Orli and Maya) from a previous marriage. He lives in
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4460:"Harvard student groups issued an anti-Israel statement. CEOs want them blacklisted"
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2254:
U.S. Treasury Department, Last Updated: November 20, 2010, retrieved March 31, 2017
2042:
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as president in January 2009, Summers was appointed to the post of director of the
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in 1999, which lifted more than six decades of restrictions against banks offering
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vote by Harvard faculty, which resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with
786:, and in the deregulation of the U.S financial system, including the repeal of the
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under President Reagan in 1982β1983. He also served as an economic adviser to the
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In April 2016, he was one of eight former Treasury secretaries who called on the
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4383:
1436:. There is certainly enough evidence for the hypothesis to be taken seriously."
1327:
approach" and that his remarks were intended to be an "attempt at provocation".
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4187:"The economic consequences of a Trump win would be severe | Larry Summers"
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FAS faculty were not unanimous in their comments against Summers. Psychologist
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1178:, insurance, and investment services (by repealing key provisions in the 1933
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2804:"CFTC Issues Concept Release Concerning Over-The-Counter Derivatives Market"
1950:. Netanyahu personally asked him to take the post, an offer he turned down.
797:
from 2001 to 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a
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3709:
3658:"Summers Joins Andreessen Horowitz as a Part-Time Adviser to Entrepreneurs"
3528:"REVEALED: We Found Billionaire Pedophile Jeffrey Epstein's Secret Charity"
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and disappointed by the actions of this University" in the Shleifer affair.
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968:. Summers has also worked in international economics, economic demography,
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4145:"Staying in EU 'best hope' for UK's future say ex-US Treasury secretaries"
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During the 2013, Summers had been reported as preferred candidate by the
1874:
for "responsible nationalism" in response to simmering public sentiment.
1801:
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1355:
Summers then concluded his discussion of the three hypotheses by saying:
1275:
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1159:
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802:
4044:
Square Adds Former U.S. Secretary Of The Treasury Larry Summers To Board
2377:
1851:
in December 2012. In July 2015 Summers joined the Board of Directors of
638:
43:
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5275:
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5132:
5122:
4714:
3710:"Larry Summers, Tim Geithner and Wall Street's ownership of government"
2852:
2623:"Kyoto Redux? Obama's Challenges at Copenhagen Echo Clinton's at Kyoto"
1797:
1782:
1655:
1603:
1320:
1163:
1025:
5522:
4692:
4621:"Summers in Summary: A presidency, and the University, in perspective"
2219:, Data & Research office, The World Bank, retrieved March 31, 2017
1919:
In 2013, Summers emerged as one of two leading candidates, along with
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9649:
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4696:
4230:"Joe Biden Under Pressure From Progressives To Cut Out Larry Summers"
2125:
Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017
2075:" (S30 E17), first broadcast March 17, 2019, the character Principal
2008:
1959:
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1679:
1607:
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University the following year, as well as costing Summers the job of
1324:
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469:
161:
2531:
A New Economic Team: The Nominee; The Administration's Fiscal Closer
2463:
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2459:
2231:
2229:
2227:
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2118:
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2108:
884:(brother of Anita Arrow Summers). He spent most of his childhood in
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6850:
5680:
4290:
4234:
4149:
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3233:
3188:
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by David McClintick detailed Shleifer's alleged efforts to use his
1433:
1338:
1319:
Summers had prefaced his talk, saying he was adopting an "entirely
1282:
presidential campaign and complained that West was contributing to
3360:
2880:
2311:
An asset price approach to the analysis of capital income taxation
2290:
1344:
Different socialization and patterns of discrimination in a search
673:
An asset price approach to the analysis of capital income taxation
9421:
7964:
7928:
2456:
2291:"Larry Summers: How the Great Brain learned to grin and bear it."
2222:
2105:
1825:
1805:
1737:
tried to pass an economic stimulus spending bill, Representative
1699:
1695:
1465:
908:
4258:"Larry Summers Rules Out Taking a Job in a Biden Administration"
3834:"Volcker Chafes at Obama Panel Delay, Strains With Summers Rise"
2186:"Sam Altman to return as OpenAI CEO after his tumultuous ouster"
793:
Following the end of Clinton's term, Summers served as the 27th
9504:
9433:
9407:
4718:
4357:"Larry Summers Snubbed Netanyahu's Offer to Run Israel's Banks"
3798:"Lawrence Summers to leave economic council, return to Harvard"
2900:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 312.
1746:
1481:
817:, in addition to patterns of discrimination and socialization.
732:
666:
4482:"Growing backlash over Harvard students' pro-Palestine letter"
3363:"'Tawdry Shleifer Affair' Stokes Faculty Anger Toward Summers"
2154:
key=SUMMERS, LAWRENCE Listing Detail: "Lawrence H. Summers,"]
2037:), in his then-capacity as President of Harvard, meeting with
2029:, which deals with the founding of the social networking site
1953:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
7481:
5027:
3637:"Why Nicolas Berggruen is Creating an Institute for Geniuses"
2245:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
1800:
D. E. Shaw and collected $ 2.7 million in speaking fees from
1400:
1187:
1155:
4110:"Larry Summers: Data collection is the ultimate public good"
2058:, Summers is presented as one of the key figures behind the
1982:
undergraduate student groups signed a letter condemning the
1749:) criticized Summers, saying that he thought that President
1278:
for allegedly missing three weeks of classes to work on the
1125:, by Paul Blustein, during this crisis, Summers, along with
9861:
Jewish American members of the Cabinet of the United States
3684:"Summers After Government Saw Wealth Surge to $ 17 Million"
2625:. National Security Archive at George Washington University
1049:
782:
and American-advised privatization of the economies of the
9891:
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni
3361:
Nicholas Ciarelli; Anton Troianovski (February 10, 2006).
2196:
1847:. He joined the board of person-to-person lending company
1060:
In December 1991, while at the World Bank, Summers signed
9881:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
9876:
Members of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group
9376:
4844:
Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs
4084:"Welcoming Larry Summers to Premise's Board of Directors"
2148:
https://www.directory.harvard.edu/phonebook/getDetails.do
1567:
281:
Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs
2553:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 79.
1072:
3831:
2606:. Public Affairs, New York. p. 232. Archived from
1455:
1140:, according to internal documents made public in 2009.
8581:
Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
4165:"Lawrence Summers on Brexit: A wakeup call for elites"
3979:"The Memo that Larry Summers Didn't Want Obama to See"
3904:
3832:
Schmidt, Robert; Julianna Goldman (February 5, 2009).
2720:"Congress Passes Wide Ranging Law Repealing Bank laws"
2447:"New ideas: The World Bank hires a famous contrarian,"
27:
American economist and government official (born 1954)
8687:
4560:"Victoria J. Perry, A Lawyer, Is Wed To an Economist"
4325:"Summers Pulls Name From Consideration for Fed Chief"
3256:"Larry Summers II on Conversations with Bill Kristol"
2440:
1448:
In July 2005, a board member of Harvard Corporation,
9821:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
9018:
8363:
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
5829:
Dep. National Security Advisor, Iraq and Afghanistan
4384:"Larry Summers rejects offer to become BoI governor"
4284:
Kurtz, Annalyn; Yousuf, Hibah (September 15, 2013).
3997:
3649:
2960:"Clinton Calls Advice He Got on Derivatives 'Wrong'"
1570:
show hosted by Summers's wife and Harvard professor
1527:
An 18,000-word article "How Harvard Lost Russia" in
1011:
860:(who changed the family surname from Samuelson) and
815:"different availability of aptitude at the high end"
8645:
took office in 1993, raised to cabinet-rank in 1996
8562:
Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
6536:
Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
3551:
2748:"Ten Questions for Those Fixing the Financial Mess"
2300:
2184:Dastin, Jeffrey; Soni, Aditya (November 22, 2023).
1597:
1391:in institutions of higher education, Summers said:
8537:Administrator of the Small Business Administration
2958:
2854:Economyths : ten ways economics gets it wrong
2308:
2089:Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration
1958:Summers emerged as an early opponent of President
1644:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
1081:Summers as United States Secretary of the Treasury
742:from 1991 to 1993. In 1993, Summers was appointed
5783:Dep. National Security Advisor, Homeland Security
3503:"Epstein Flight Logs Released in USA vs. Maxwell"
2403:"The 30 Most Famous Harvard Students Of All Time"
1617:
1432:That's the difference between a university and a
9747:
5796:White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations
4759:Robert Scheer on Resignation of Lawrence Summers
4286:"Larry Summers withdraws name for Fed chair job"
4017:"Financial Industry Paid Millions to Obama Aide"
3905:DeFazio, Peter; Video Interview (January 2008).
3560:"Harvard grads face off against thefacebook.com"
2614:
2140:
1577:
1545:
1476:. The US government had sued Shleifer under the
1301:
1212:
8382:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
6137:Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs
5853:Dep. National Security Advisor, Strategic Comm.
4642:"Larry Summers and the Subversion of Economics"
4315:
3223:
1962:'s economic policy, calling the $ 1.9 trillion
1136:reductions and against US participation in the
1107:Harvard Institute for International Development
780:Harvard Institute for International Development
754:'s administration. In 1995, he was promoted to
5877:Dep. National Security Advisor, Chief of Staff
5866:White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Planning
4871:United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
2546:
2137:, Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017
1564:United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
1150:, then-Treasury Secretary Summers teamed with
233:United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
9392:
9004:
8673:
7914:
7467:
5554:
5043:
4619:Rosenberg, John S. (SeptemberβOctober 2006).
3922:"Stimulus Arithmetic (wonkish but important)"
3855:"Obama's Economic Circle Keeps Tensions High"
3208:Summers's 'sexism' costs him top Treasury job
3165:
2928:
2161:
1969:
1881:
907:(MIT), where he originally intended to study
828:, serving as the Director of the White House
6878:Director, White House Information Technology
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
2739:
2713:
2711:
2128:
2094:List of Jewish United States Cabinet members
1886:A coalition of progressive groups called on
1705:
1411:Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
343:January 14, 1991 β January 14, 1993
72:January 20, 2009 β January 20, 2011
4283:
3419:"Mogul Donor Gives Harvard More Than Money"
3316:"A Harvard Governor, Dissatisfied, Resigns"
3090:
3047:
2644:Aides Say Clinton Would Veto Tax Compromise
1954:Criticism of the Biden Administration, 2021
1016:Summers left Harvard in 1991 and served as
868:ancestry), who were both professors at the
843:
824:Summers rejoined public service during the
9399:
9385:
9011:
8997:
8680:
8666:
8223:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
7921:
7907:
7474:
7460:
6734:Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy
6064:Deputy White House Communications Director
5561:
5547:
5050:
5036:
3795:
3576:President and Fellows of Harvard College,
3388:
3356:
3354:
2587:. Public Affairs, New York. Archived from
2487:
2183:
2177:
1401:Summers' opposition and support at Harvard
809:questions regarding his relationship with
42:
9921:United States secretaries of the treasury
9896:Politicians from Brookline, Massachusetts
8500:Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
7483:United States Secretaries of the Treasury
4925:Director of the National Economic Council
4618:
3880:
3707:
3668:
3525:
3416:
3147:Sex linkage of intelligence: The X-Factor
3071:"Harvard Chief Defends His Talk on Women"
2808:U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
2767:
2708:
2573:Naomi Klein, "The Shock Doctrine", p. 231
2540:
1129:, pushed for regime change in Indonesia.
744:Under Secretary for International Affairs
719:from 1999 to 2001 and as director of the
482:
9791:American officials of the United Nations
4999:Order of precedence of the United States
4639:
4408:
4255:
3976:
2893:
2601:
2582:
2242:The World Bank, retrieved March 31, 2017
1815:
1621:
1087:United States Department of the Treasury
1076:
943:
748:United States Department of the Treasury
711:(born November 30, 1954) is an American
293:April 5, 1993 β August 11, 1995
182:July 2, 1999 β January 20, 2001
9901:Politicians from New Haven, Connecticut
9369:* indicates acting or interim president
6966:Office of Science and Technology Policy
6746:Director, Management and Administration
4898:United States Secretary of the Treasury
4354:
4227:
4107:
4057:Larry Summers Joins Andreessen Horowitz
3919:
3796:Montgomery, Lori (September 22, 2010).
3589:
3351:
3183:
2956:
2828:
2745:
2717:
2659:
2653:
2620:
2363:
2306:
2167:Summers, Lawrence H. and John A. Haigh
1409:, which instructs graduate students in
1250:
1195:2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis
1018:Vice President of Development Economics
830:United States National Economic Council
717:United States Secretary of the Treasury
245:August 11, 1995 β July 2, 1999
170:United States Secretary of the Treasury
14:
9911:Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
9806:Clinton administration cabinet members
9748:
8204:Secretary of Health and Human Services
7331:Office of National Drug Control Policy
4199:
4108:Summers, Lawrence H. (April 4, 2016).
4014:
3852:
3772:"Indian Drivers Attract Larry Summers"
3681:
3590:Schuker, Daniel J. T. (July 7, 2006).
3557:
3417:Scharnick, Jaquelyn M. (May 1, 2003).
3389:McClintick, David (January 13, 2006).
3313:
3298:Poll: Students Say Summers Should Stay
3068:
3048:Bombardieri, Marcella (June 6, 2006).
2847:
2684:
9380:
8992:
8661:
8354:
7948:
7902:
7455:
5542:
5031:
4640:Ferguson, Charles (October 3, 2010).
4592:"Victoria Perry to Wed L. H. Summers"
3955:
3769:
3701:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3280:Psychoanalysis Q-and-A: Steven Pinker
3229:"Larry Summers' True Record on Women"
3189:"Don't Worry Your Pretty Little Head"
3160:Perspectives on Psychological Science
2718:Labaton, Stephen (November 5, 1999).
2621:Wampler, Robert (December 18, 2009).
2508:. HarvardMagazine.com. Archived from
2397:
2395:
2045:to discuss their accusations against
2018:
1661:
1640:select University-wide professorships
1484:stocks while designing the country's
1348:The second hypothesis, the generally
1269:
1073:Service in the Clinton Administration
939:
923:as a graduate student, receiving his
905:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
758:under his long-time political mentor
723:from 2009 to 2010. He also served as
506:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
139:July 1, 2001 β June 30, 2006
7246:Chief of Staff to the Vice President
4675:John F. Kennedy School of Government
4355:Simpson, Connor (October 19, 2013).
4081:
3977:Scheiber, Noam (February 22, 2012).
3655:
3562:. The Stanford Daily. Archived from
3444:
3342:Board Member's Letter of Resignation
3174:. The Boston Globe. January 17, 2005
1456:Support of economist Andrei Shleifer
1407:Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences
1314:National Bureau of Economic Research
1219:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
856:. He was the son of two economists,
7010:Personal Secretary to the President
6465:Council on Jobs and Competitiveness
6099:Senior Advisor to the President and
5948:White House Communications Director
4409:Williams, Jordan (March 20, 2021).
3737:"Former Steering Committee Members"
3478:"Program for Evolutionary Dynamics"
3172:Summers' Remarks on Women Draw Fire
3005:Did Summers' Faith Affect His Fall?
2929:Michael Hirsh (February 20, 2009).
2829:Summers, Lawrence (July 30, 1998).
2335:
1804:companies that received government
24:
9826:Fellows of the Econometric Society
9480:Generative pre-trained transformer
7279:United States Trade Representative
4532:
4256:Matthews, Steve (August 6, 2020).
3770:Staff, W. S. J. (August 8, 2013).
3708:Greenwald, Glenn (April 4, 2009).
3405:
2957:Zumbrun, Joshua (April 19, 2010).
2931:"The Reeducation of Larry Summers"
2746:Paletta, Damian (March 10, 2009).
2690:
2392:
1811:
1698:, which was started by his former
1650:. He also currently serves on the
1405:On March 15, 2005, members of the
1203:Securities and Exchange Commission
1199:Working Group on Financial Markets
995:
988:. Summers is also a member of the
25:
9947:
9781:21st-century American politicians
9771:20th-century American politicians
8355:
5726:White House Deputy Chief of Staff
5573:Executive Office of the President
4812:Chief Economist of the World Bank
4737:collected news and commentary at
4664:
4647:The Chronicle of Higher Education
4200:Moreno, J. Edward (May 6, 2020).
3920:Krugman, Paul (January 6, 2009).
3558:Sharif, Shirin (August 5, 2004).
3526:Briquelet, Kate (July 10, 2019).
3069:Dillon, Sam (February 18, 2005).
2863:John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd
2252:"Lawrence Summers (1999 - 2001),"
1796:. He earned $ 5 million from the
1290:(2004), subsequently returned to
1236:In February 2009, Summers quoted
1097:. In 1999, he succeeded Rubin as
1012:Chief Economist at the World Bank
778:. He was also influential in the
762:. In 1999, he succeeded Rubin as
740:Chief Economist of the World Bank
331:Chief Economist of the World Bank
9906:Presidents of Harvard University
9776:21st-century American economists
9766:20th-century American economists
9730:
9729:
9021:Presidents of Harvard University
8469:Ambassador to the United Nations
8419:Director of Central Intelligence
7981:
7887:
7381:Council on Environmental Quality
7083:Chief of Staff to the First Lady
6812:Director, Scheduling and Advance
6570:Director, Presidential Personnel
6439:Economic Recovery Advisory Board
5689:Deputy National Security Advisor
4709:Library of Economics and Liberty
4633:
4612:
4584:
4552:
4526:
4500:
4474:
4452:
4430:
4402:
4228:Golshan, Tara (April 24, 2020).
3956:Lizza, Ryan (January 30, 2012).
3592:"Summers Named Eliot Univ. Prof"
3260:ConversationsWithBillKristol.org
3032:Harvard's First Jewish President
2897:What Caused the Financial Crisis
2366:Journal of Economic Perspectives
2307:Summers, Lawrence Henry (1982).
1997:
1964:American Rescue Plan Act of 2021
1638:University Professor, one of 20
1598:Resignation as Harvard President
1468:by the U.S. government over the
1000:Summers was on the staff of the
880:(brother of Robert Summers) and
756:Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
533:
456:
7068:Office of Management and Budget
6053:Senior Advisor to the President
5963:Senior Advisor to the President
4957:President of Harvard University
4749:Interview with Lawrence Summers
4506:
4376:
4348:
4309:
4277:
4249:
4221:
4193:
4179:
4157:
4137:
4101:
4082:Data, Premise (July 16, 2015).
4075:
4062:
4049:
4036:
4008:
3991:
3970:
3949:
3934:
3913:
3898:
3874:
3853:Calmes, Jackie (June 8, 2009).
3846:
3825:
3789:
3763:
3729:
3682:Benson, Clea (August 2, 2013).
3630:
3604:
3583:
3570:
3519:
3495:
3470:
3438:
3382:
3335:
3307:
3291:
3273:
3248:
3217:
3201:
3177:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3062:
3041:
3025:
3010:
2995:
2980:
2950:
2922:
2887:
2841:
2831:"Lawrence H. Summers Testimony"
2822:
2796:
2637:
2595:
2576:
2567:
2524:
2477:
2422:
2357:
2283:
1974:In October 2023, following the
1334:The high-powered job hypothesis
1294:, where he had taught prior to
1162:to lecture California Governor
1008:Presidential campaign in 1988.
872:. He is also the nephew of two
852:, on November 30, 1954, into a
795:president of Harvard University
725:president of Harvard University
478:
452:
127:President of Harvard University
9936:Obama administration personnel
9916:The Washington Post columnists
9846:Harvard Kennedy School faculty
6915:Personal Aide to the President
6607:Office of National AIDS Policy
6120:Assistant to the President for
5057:
4072:. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
4015:Zeleny, Jeff (April 3, 2009).
3314:Finder, Alan (July 29, 2005).
3050:"Some seek a scholar's return"
2696:"Larry Summers' Enron Problem"
2468:"Furor on Memo At World Bank,"
2257:
1618:Post-Harvard presidency career
1474:Russia's privatization program
1064:that was leaked to the press.
1050:"Dirty industries" controversy
768:1994 economic crisis in Mexico
13:
1:
9796:Center for Global Development
9365:β titled as the Schoolmaster;
8323:Secretary of Veterans Affairs
6846:White House Cabinet Secretary
6402:Director, Legislative Affairs
4777:Democracy: A Journal of Ideas
4004:. pp. 1, above the fold.
3886:"The Return of Larry Summers"
2550:Misinterpreting Modern Russia
2099:
2060:financial crisis of 2007β2008
1578:Winklevoss twins and Facebook
1546:Connection to Jeffrey Epstein
1350:greater variability among men
1302:Differences between the sexes
1213:Views on financial regulation
7152:White House Social Secretary
6369:Council of Economic Advisers
6282:Director of Special Projects
4789:Council on Foreign Relations
2665:"California Energy Memories"
2484:in less-developed countries.
1929:chair of the Federal Reserve
1516:
1472:Shleifer had while advising
1002:Council of Economic Advisers
990:National Academy of Sciences
874:Nobel laureates in economics
7:
9926:World Bank Chief Economists
9841:Harriton High School alumni
9811:D. E. Shaw & Co. people
8248:Secretary of Transportation
7949:
7369:White House Military Office
6656:White House Staff Secretary
6521:Director, Political Affairs
6145:White House Press Secretary
5019:as Former US Cabinet Member
5004:as Former US Cabinet Member
4991:as Former US Cabinet Member
3656:Levy, Ari (June 30, 2011).
2082:
2033:, shows Summers (played by
2002:Summers was diagnosed with
1201:, Summers, along with U.S.
986:National Science Foundation
772:1997 Asian financial crisis
10:
9952:
9856:Jewish American economists
9406:
8606:White House Chief of Staff
7979:
6354:Director, Digital Strategy
5913:Counselor to the President
5607:White House Chief of Staff
4059:. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
4046:. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
3580:Form 990, 2006 & 2007.
3447:"The Talented Mr. Epstein"
3445:Ward, Vicky (March 2003).
2474:, retrieved March 30, 2017
2453:, retrieved March 31, 2017
2347:London School of Economics
1976:Hamas-led attack on Israel
1970:Hamas-led attack on Israel
1909:2020 presidential election
1892:2020 presidential campaign
1882:2020 presidential election
1862:to remain a member of the
1520:
1337:Different availability of
1305:
1053:
929:London School of Economics
917:National Debate Tournament
870:University of Pennsylvania
573:London School of Economics
9851:Harvard University alumni
9725:
9685:
9618:
9567:
9560:
9527:
9520:
9467:
9414:
9363:
9028:
8696:
8641:
8604:
8579:
8560:
8535:
8498:
8467:
8442:
8417:
8380:
8361:
8350:
8321:
8302:
8271:
8246:
8221:
8202:
8177:
8140:
8115:
8098:Secretary of the Interior
8096:
8077:
8046:
8017:Secretary of the Treasury
8015:
7990:
7955:
7944:
7885:
7489:
7438:
7209:Chief Information Officer
7037:Anita Decker Breckenridge
6297:National Economic Council
6228:Intergovernmental Affairs
5846:Anita Decker Breckenridge
5620:National Security Advisor
5579:
5512:
5349:
5201:
5083:
5067:
5009:
4996:
4981:
4973:
4963:
4954:
4946:
4941:
4931:
4922:
4914:
4904:
4895:
4887:
4877:
4868:
4860:
4850:
4841:
4833:
4828:
4818:
4809:
4801:
4796:
4771:Summers' policy proposals
3391:"How Harvard Lost Russia"
2215:November 4, 2017, at the
2210:"Former Chief Economists"
2156:Public Harvard Directory,
1781:, Summers called Senator
1716:National Economic Council
1710:Upon the inauguration of
1706:National Economic Council
1099:Secretary of the Treasury
934:
919:three times. He attended
764:Secretary of the Treasury
721:National Economic Council
702:
698:
694:
690:
680:
665:
660:
656:
652:
648:
637:
626:
602:
590:
578:
564:
554:
549:
545:
541:
529:
501:
493:
431:
421:
394:
389:
385:
373:
361:
347:
336:
329:
317:
305:
297:
286:
279:
269:
257:
249:
238:
230:
218:
206:
196:
186:
175:
167:
155:
143:
132:
124:
112:
100:
86:
76:
65:
60:National Economic Council
57:
53:
41:
34:
9931:New Keynesian economists
9886:Merrill (company) people
8117:Secretary of Agriculture
6995:Chief Technology Officer
6903:Office of Administration
4975:U.S. order of precedence
4688:U.S. Treasury Department
2158:retrieved March 31, 2017
2052:In the 2010 documentary
2013:Brookline, Massachusetts
1733:In January 2009, as the
1646:. He is a member in the
1387:In 2016, remarking upon
1121:. According to the book
844:Early life and education
776:Russian financial crisis
7442:previous administration
7316:White House Chief Usher
6672:Office of Urban Affairs
6583:Office of Health Reform
6489:Domestic Policy Council
6309:Director, Speechwriting
5419:Stephany Griffith-Jones
4001:The Wall Street Journal
3907:"DeFazio Slams Summers"
2894:Friedman, Jeff (2011).
2753:The Wall Street Journal
2602:Blustein, Paul (2001).
2583:Blustein, Paul (2001).
2547:Bruno S. Sergi (2009).
1778:the Wall Street Journal
1523:Loans for shares scheme
715:who served as the 71st
643:IDEAS / RePEc
585:New Keynesian economics
9871:Lehman Brothers people
8689:John Bates Clark Medal
8304:Secretary of Education
7142:Sylvia Mathews Burwell
6982:Oval Office Operations
6213:Deputy Press Secretary
5231:John Kenneth Galbraith
4781:Issue #32, Spring 2014
4747:Voices on Antisemitism
4323:(September 15, 2013).
3741:bilderbergmeetings.org
3395:Institutional Investor
2353:on September 16, 2011.
2123:"Lawrence H. Summers,"
1828:
1631:
1614:on February 11, 2007.
1582:In February 2004, the
1530:Institutional Investor
1514:
1413:and undergraduates in
1398:
1374:Obama's administration
1362:
1172:GrammβLeachβBliley Act
1146:During the California
1082:
982:Alan T. Waterman Award
978:John Bates Clark Medal
949:
903:At age 16, he entered
850:New Haven, Connecticut
729:Harvard Kennedy School
709:Lawrence Henry Summers
631:John Bates Clark Medal
415:New Haven, Connecticut
399:Lawrence Henry Summers
356:Lewis Thompson Preston
9866:JPMorgan Chase people
9137:Winthrop* (1773-1774)
8749:Hendrik S. Houthakker
8142:Secretary of Commerce
6381:Chief Digital Officer
3884:(November 25, 2008).
3612:"Berggruen Institute"
2663:(November 20, 2008).
2430:"Lawrence H. Summers"
2236:"Lawrence H. Summers"
2169:"From the Directors,"
1819:
1625:
1509:
1497:Department of Justice
1393:
1389:political correctness
1357:
1230:George Stephanopoulos
1193:, have suggested the
1148:energy crisis of 2000
1080:
1054:Further information:
974:development economics
947:
911:but soon switched to
9831:Goldman Sachs people
9585:Sue Desmond-Hellmann
9259:Peabody* (1868β1869)
8444:Trade Representative
8048:Secretary of Defense
6894:Broderick D. Johnson
6837:Danielle Crutchfield
6597:Johnathan D. McBride
6207:Paulette L. Aniskoff
5321:Pavlina R. Tcherneva
4767:, September 22, 2010
4568:. September 30, 1984
3227:(November 7, 2008).
3187:(January 21, 2005).
3149:. New York: Praeger.
3020:A Milestone of Faith
2865:. pp. 142β143.
2859:Mississauga, Ontario
2837:on October 25, 2009.
2610:on December 8, 2010.
2591:on December 8, 2010.
2343:"Obama's LSE alumni"
1868:June 2016 Referendum
1835:, Citigroup and the
1735:Obama Administration
1668:D. E. Shaw & Co.
1470:conflict of interest
1292:Princeton University
1251:President of Harvard
1217:On May 7, 1998, the
898:Harriton High School
896:, where he attended
848:Summers was born in
826:Obama administration
822:D. E. Shaw & Co.
807:conflict of interest
455: 1984;
58:8th Director of the
9786:American columnists
8839:Lawrence H. Summers
8821:Sanford J. Grossman
8791:Martin S. Feldstein
8707:Kenneth E. Boulding
8458:Charlene Barshefsky
8273:Secretary of Energy
6958:Marvin D. Nicholson
6816:Alyssa Mastromonaco
6758:White House Counsel
6454:Katie Beirne Fallon
5822:Alyssa Mastromonaco
5526:Keynesian economics
5075:John Maynard Keynes
4755:, February 15, 2007
4753:US Holocaust Museum
4533:Ebbert, Stephanie.
4321:Appelbaum, Binyamin
4115:The Washington Post
4068:TechCrunch (2012).
4042:TechCrunch (2011).
3803:The Washington Post
3751:on February 2, 2014
3597:The Harvard Crimson
3482:ped.fas.harvard.edu
3424:The Harvard Crimson
3368:The Harvard Crimson
3304:. February 20, 2006
3302:The Harvard Crimson
3285:The Harvard Crimson
3214:. November 24, 2008
3145:Lehrke, R. (1997).
3123:. January 14, 2005.
3113:on January 30, 2008
3036:The Harvard Crimson
3017:The Harvard Crimson
3002:The Harvard Crimson
2992:, November 18, 2009
2648:The Washington Post
2512:on December 3, 2008
2434:www.hks.harvard.edu
2378:10.1257/jep.9.1.165
2271:. February 18, 2005
2269:The Harvard Crimson
1946:as governor of the
1938:and Prime Minister
1845:Andreessen Horowitz
1833:D. E. Shaw & Co
1767:, economic advisor
1652:Berggruen Institute
1552:The Harvard Crimson
1505:The Harvard Crimson
1442:The Harvard Crimson
1422:Harvard Corporation
1420:The members of the
1379:Summers's protΓ©gΓ©e
1238:John Maynard Keynes
1170:Summers hailed the
962:financial economics
661:Academic background
275:Stuart E. Eizenstat
201:Stuart E. Eizenstat
9561:Board of directors
8797:Joseph E. Stiglitz
8779:Franklin M. Fisher
8477:Madeleine Albright
8179:Secretary of Labor
8006:Madeleine Albright
8000:Warren Christopher
7992:Secretary of State
7358:Michael Botticelli
6698:Racquel S. Russell
6677:Adolfo CarriΓ³n Jr.
5928:Brooke D. Anderson
5226:James K. Galbraith
5163:Arthur Melvin Okun
4829:Political offices
4761:β video report by
4740:The New York Times
4679:Harvard University
4597:The New York Times
4488:. October 10, 2023
4390:. October 20, 2013
4330:The New York Times
4022:The New York Times
3946:. August 14, 2010.
3927:The New York Times
3891:The New York Times
3860:The New York Times
3346:The New York Times
3321:The New York Times
3288:. January 19, 2005
3076:The New York Times
3022:, October 14, 2001
2784:. October 23, 2009
2725:The New York Times
2670:The New York Times
2535:The New York Times
2503:, also posted at:
2472:The New York Times
2470:February 7, 1992,
2317:Harvard University
2135:"Historical Facts"
2026:The Social Network
2019:In popular culture
2004:Hodgkin's lymphoma
1940:Benjamin Netanyahu
1829:
1822:Volodymyr Groysman
1662:Business interests
1632:
1370:Treasury Secretary
1296:Harvard University
1270:Cornel West affair
1180:GlassβSteagall Act
1176:commercial banking
1083:
976:. He received the
950:
940:Academic economist
921:Harvard University
788:Glass-Steagall Act
784:post-Soviet states
617:James R. Hines Jr.
613:Kiminori Matsuyama
569:Harvard University
515:Harvard University
9743:
9742:
9717:Microsoft Copilot
9681:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9468:Foundation models
9374:
9373:
9198:Ware* (1828-1829)
8986:
8985:
8803:A. Michael Spence
8773:Dale W. Jorgenson
8767:Marc Leon Nerlove
8737:Lawrence R. Klein
8701:Paul A. Samuelson
8655:
8654:
8651:
8650:
8526:Martin Neil Baily
8489:Richard Holbrooke
8346:
8345:
7896:
7895:
7449:
7448:
7432:
7431:
7321:Stephen W. Rochon
6649:Douglas M. Brooks
6639:Rodin A. Mehrbani
6588:Nancy-Ann DeParle
6161:Public Engagement
6090:Jennifer Palmieri
6022:Jennifer Palmieri
5893:Kristie Canegallo
5870:Mark B. Childress
5754:Nancy-Ann DeParle
5694:Thomas E. Donilon
5647:Thomas E. Donilon
5536:
5535:
5424:Nobuhiro Kiyotaki
5369:Olivier Blanchard
5326:Anthony Thirlwall
5153:Franco Modigliani
5103:James Duesenberry
5026:
5025:
5022:
5010:Succeeded by
4994:
4964:Succeeded by
4942:Academic offices
4932:Succeeded by
4905:Succeeded by
4878:Succeeded by
4851:Succeeded by
4819:Succeeded by
4797:Diplomatic posts
4153:. April 20, 2016.
4055:Dealbook (2011).
3958:"The Obama memos"
3566:on June 18, 2010.
2907:978-0-8122-0493-3
2560:978-0-8264-2772-4
1936:Cabinet of Israel
1900:Justice Democrats
1772:the last minute.
1702:Teaching Fellow.
1612:Drew Gilpin Faust
1560:Ghislaine Maxwell
1288:Democracy Matters
706:
705:
409:November 30, 1954
16:(Redirected from
9943:
9801:Citigroup people
9733:
9732:
9644:Holden Karnofsky
9605:Lawrence Summers
9565:
9564:
9525:
9524:
9401:
9394:
9387:
9378:
9377:
9368:
9356:
9348:
9340:
9332:
9324:
9316:
9308:
9300:
9292:
9284:
9276:
9268:
9260:
9255:
9247:
9239:
9231:
9223:
9215:
9207:
9199:
9194:
9186:
9178:
9170:
9162:
9154:
9146:
9138:
9133:
9125:
9117:
9109:
9101:
9093:
9085:
9077:
9069:
9061:
9053:
9045:
9037:
9022:
9013:
9006:
8999:
8990:
8989:
8917:Matthew Gentzkow
8815:Jerry A. Hausman
8809:James J. Heckman
8731:Kenneth J. Arrow
8682:
8675:
8668:
8659:
8658:
8352:
8351:
8337:Togo D. West Jr.
8281:Hazel R. O'Leary
8262:Rodney E. Slater
8162:William M. Daley
8079:Attorney General
8062:William J. Perry
8037:Lawrence Summers
7985:
7984:
7946:
7945:
7923:
7916:
7909:
7900:
7899:
7891:
7476:
7469:
7462:
7453:
7452:
7440:β Remained from
7424:Christy Goldfuss
7236:Steven VanRoekel
7059:Ferial Govashiri
6871:Danielle C. Gray
6805:Kathryn Ruemmler
6749:Bradley J. Kiley
6621:Valerie E. Green
6479:Miguel Rodriguez
6302:Lawrence Summers
6286:Stephanie Cutter
5659:William M. Daley
5583:
5582:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5540:
5539:
5524:
5499:Michael Woodford
5489:Lawrence Summers
5444:Maurice Obstfeld
5414:Robert J. Gordon
5336:Sidney Weintraub
5316:G. L. S. Shackle
5052:
5045:
5038:
5029:
5028:
5016:
5005:
4988:
4982:Preceded by
4947:Preceded by
4915:Preceded by
4888:Preceded by
4861:Preceded by
4834:Preceded by
4802:Preceded by
4794:
4793:
4735:Lawrence Summers
4724:Lawrence Summers
4703:Lawrence Summers
4693:Lawrence Summers
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4626:Harvard Magazine
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4575:
4573:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4513:Business Insider
4507:Teo, Kai Xiang.
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4079:
4073:
4066:
4060:
4053:
4047:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3984:The New Republic
3974:
3968:
3967:
3953:
3947:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3882:Leonhardt, David
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3747:. Archived from
3745:Bilderberg Group
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3679:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3647:
3642:Town and Country
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3618:on June 13, 2018
3614:. Archived from
3608:
3602:
3601:
3587:
3581:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3414:
3403:
3402:
3401:on July 5, 2014.
3397:. Archived from
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3358:
3349:
3348:. August 2, 2005
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3311:
3305:
3295:
3289:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3221:
3215:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3185:Saletan, William
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3109:. Archived from
3103:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3055:The Boston Globe
3045:
3039:
3029:
3023:
3014:
3008:
2999:
2993:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2962:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2833:. Archived from
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2657:
2651:
2650:. July 26, 1999.
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2604:"The Chastening"
2599:
2593:
2592:
2585:"The Chastening"
2580:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2544:
2538:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2501:. MayβJune 2001.
2499:Harvard Magazine
2491:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2465:
2454:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2408:Business Insider
2399:
2390:
2389:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2349:. Archived from
2339:
2333:
2332:
2314:
2304:
2298:
2297:, June 29, 2001.
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2240:World Bank Live,
2233:
2220:
2207:
2194:
2193:
2181:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2043:Tyler Winklevoss
2035:Douglas Urbanski
1896:Sunrise Movement
1837:NASDAQ OMX Group
1764:The New Republic
1692:Bilderberg Group
1636:Charles W. Eliot
1584:Winklevoss twins
1535:inside knowledge
1478:False Claims Act
1450:Conrad K. Harper
1308:Women in science
1223:over-the-counter
1184:Great Depression
1033:Washington, D.C.
970:economic history
750:under President
685:Martin Feldstein
681:Doctoral advisor
597:Martin Feldstein
537:
486:
484:
480:
460:
458:
454:
412:
408:
406:
390:Personal details
376:
364:
341:
320:
308:
291:
272:
260:
243:
221:
209:
180:
158:
146:
137:
115:
103:
70:
46:
36:Lawrence Summers
32:
31:
21:
9951:
9950:
9946:
9945:
9944:
9942:
9941:
9940:
9836:Group of Thirty
9816:Jeffrey Epstein
9746:
9745:
9744:
9739:
9721:
9673:
9614:
9595:Nicole Seligman
9556:
9516:
9463:
9410:
9405:
9375:
9370:
9366:
9359:
9351:
9343:
9335:
9327:
9319:
9311:
9303:
9295:
9287:
9279:
9271:
9263:
9258:
9250:
9242:
9234:
9226:
9218:
9210:
9202:
9197:
9189:
9181:
9173:
9165:
9157:
9149:
9141:
9136:
9128:
9120:
9112:
9104:
9096:
9088:
9080:
9072:
9064:
9056:
9048:
9040:
9032:
9024:
9020:
9017:
8987:
8982:
8905:Amy Finkelstein
8857:Andrei Shleifer
8851:Kevin M. Murphy
8833:Paul R. Krugman
8785:Daniel McFadden
8743:Robert M. Solow
8713:Milton Friedman
8692:
8686:
8656:
8647:
8637:
8600:
8595:Barry McCaffrey
8575:
8556:
8531:
8514:Joseph Stiglitz
8494:
8483:Bill Richardson
8463:
8438:
8413:
8402:Franklin Raines
8376:
8357:
8342:
8317:
8298:
8293:Bill Richardson
8267:
8242:
8217:
8198:
8173:
8136:
8111:
8092:
8073:
8042:
8011:
7986:
7982:
7977:
7951:
7940:
7927:
7897:
7892:
7883:
7485:
7480:
7450:
7445:
7434:
7433:
7397:Emmett Beliveau
7373:George Mulligan
7336:Gil Kerlikowske
7296:Steve Ricchetti
7073:Peter R. Orszag
6987:Brian Mosteller
6939:Brian Mosteller
6631:Grant N. Colfax
6612:Jeffrey Crowley
6525:Patrick Gaspard
6395:Austan Goolsbee
6374:Christina Romer
6103:Valerie Jarrett
6034:Shailagh Murray
6012:Daniel Pfeiffer
6000:Daniel Pfeiffer
5903:Denis McDonough
5787:John O. Brennan
5716:Denis McDonough
5706:Denis McDonough
5575:
5567:
5537:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5521:
5508:
5484:Joseph Stiglitz
5479:Andrei Shleifer
5469:Julio Rotemberg
5399:Stanley Fischer
5384:Richard Clarida
5379:Guillermo Calvo
5345:
5341:L. Randall Wray
5331:William Vickrey
5306:Steven Pressman
5261:Nicholas Kaldor
5241:Myron J. Gordon
5203:Post-Keynesians
5197:
5113:Trygve Haavelmo
5079:
5063:
5056:
5015:
5003:
5001:
4987:
4969:
4960:
4952:
4950:Neil Rudenstine
4937:
4928:
4920:
4918:Keith Hennessey
4910:
4901:
4893:
4883:
4874:
4866:
4856:
4847:
4839:
4824:
4815:
4807:
4805:Stanley Fischer
4667:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4638:
4634:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4600:. June 10, 1984
4590:
4589:
4585:
4571:
4569:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4539:BostonGlobe.com
4531:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4367:
4365:
4353:
4349:
4335:
4333:
4314:
4310:
4296:
4294:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4198:
4194:
4189:. June 6, 2016.
4185:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4167:. June 24, 2016
4163:
4162:
4158:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4080:
4076:
4067:
4063:
4054:
4050:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4013:
4009:
3996:
3992:
3975:
3971:
3954:
3950:
3944:The Independent
3939:
3935:
3918:
3914:
3903:
3899:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3851:
3847:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3680:
3669:
3654:
3650:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3588:
3584:
3575:
3571:
3556:
3552:
3538:
3536:
3533:The Daily Beast
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3457:
3455:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3415:
3406:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3359:
3352:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3312:
3308:
3296:
3292:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3225:Sheryl Sandberg
3222:
3218:
3212:The Independent
3206:
3202:
3182:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3144:
3140:
3131:
3127:
3116:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3067:
3063:
3046:
3042:
3038:. March 8, 2006
3030:
3026:
3015:
3011:
3007:, March 3, 2006
3000:
2996:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2927:
2923:
2908:
2892:
2888:
2873:
2846:
2842:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2716:
2709:
2701:The Daily Beast
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2658:
2654:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2619:
2615:
2600:
2596:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2545:
2541:
2537:. May 13, 1999.
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2466:
2457:
2449:July 18, 2016,
2445:
2441:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2362:
2358:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2305:
2301:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2234:
2223:
2217:Wayback Machine
2208:
2197:
2182:
2178:
2166:
2162:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2106:
2102:
2085:
2077:Seymour Skinner
2047:Mark Zuckerberg
2021:
2000:
1972:
1956:
1944:Stanley Fischer
1917:
1903:Biden defeated
1884:
1814:
1812:Post-NEC career
1769:Christina Romer
1759:Joseph Stiglitz
1728:Henry Kissinger
1708:
1688:Lehman Brothers
1664:
1648:Group of Thirty
1620:
1600:
1592:Mark Zuckerberg
1580:
1556:Jeffrey Epstein
1548:
1525:
1519:
1480:, as he bought
1462:Andrei Shleifer
1458:
1415:Harvard College
1403:
1381:Sheryl Sandberg
1341:at the high end
1310:
1304:
1284:grade inflation
1272:
1253:
1215:
1205:(SEC) Chairman
1119:Joseph Stiglitz
1075:
1058:
1052:
1022:Chief Economist
1014:
998:
996:Public official
958:labor economics
948:Summers in 1990
942:
937:
866:Romanian-Jewish
846:
838:Great Recession
811:Andrei Shleifer
621:Rhee Chang-yong
604:
592:
580:
571:
550:Academic career
513:
489:
488:
476:
472:
462:
459: 2003)
450:
446:
443:
422:Political party
413:
410:
404:
402:
401:
400:
374:
368:Stanley Fischer
362:
354:
342:
337:
318:
306:
292:
287:
270:
264:Frank N. Newman
258:
244:
239:
225:Paul H. O'Neill
219:
207:
181:
176:
156:
150:Neil Rudenstine
144:
138:
133:
113:
107:Keith Hennessey
101:
93:
71:
66:
49:
48:Summers in 2012
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9949:
9939:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9737:
9726:
9723:
9722:
9720:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9702:
9697:
9689:
9687:
9683:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9675:
9674:
9672:
9671:
9665:
9659:
9656:Ilya Sutskever
9653:
9647:
9641:
9635:
9629:
9622:
9620:
9616:
9615:
9613:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9571:
9569:
9562:
9558:
9557:
9555:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9543:
9542:
9531:
9529:
9522:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9514:
9513:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9477:
9471:
9469:
9465:
9464:
9462:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9439:GitHub Copilot
9436:
9431:
9430:
9429:
9418:
9416:
9412:
9411:
9404:
9403:
9396:
9389:
9381:
9372:
9371:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9357:
9355:(2024βpresent)
9349:
9341:
9333:
9325:
9317:
9309:
9301:
9293:
9285:
9277:
9269:
9261:
9256:
9248:
9240:
9232:
9224:
9216:
9208:
9200:
9195:
9187:
9179:
9171:
9163:
9155:
9147:
9139:
9134:
9126:
9118:
9110:
9102:
9094:
9086:
9078:
9070:
9062:
9054:
9046:
9038:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9016:
9015:
9008:
9001:
8993:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8980:
8977:Philipp Strack
8974:
8971:Gabriel Zucman
8968:
8962:
8959:Isaiah Andrews
8956:
8950:
8944:
8938:
8935:Dave Donaldson
8932:
8929:Yuliy Sannikov
8926:
8920:
8914:
8908:
8902:
8899:Jonathan Levin
8896:
8890:
8884:
8881:Susan C. Athey
8878:
8875:Daron Acemoglu
8872:
8866:
8860:
8854:
8848:
8842:
8836:
8830:
8827:David M. Kreps
8824:
8818:
8812:
8806:
8800:
8794:
8788:
8782:
8776:
8770:
8764:
8761:Gary S. Becker
8758:
8752:
8746:
8740:
8734:
8728:
8722:
8716:
8710:
8704:
8697:
8694:
8693:
8685:
8684:
8677:
8670:
8662:
8653:
8652:
8649:
8648:
8642:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8635:
8629:
8626:Erskine Bowles
8623:
8617:
8610:
8608:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8598:
8592:
8585:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8573:
8570:James Lee Witt
8566:
8564:
8558:
8557:
8555:
8554:
8548:
8541:
8539:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8529:
8523:
8517:
8511:
8504:
8502:
8496:
8495:
8493:
8492:
8486:
8480:
8473:
8471:
8465:
8464:
8462:
8461:
8455:
8448:
8446:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8436:
8430:
8427:John M. Deutch
8423:
8421:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8411:
8405:
8399:
8393:
8386:
8384:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8374:
8367:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8348:
8347:
8344:
8343:
8341:
8340:
8334:
8327:
8325:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8308:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8290:
8284:
8277:
8275:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8259:
8252:
8250:
8244:
8243:
8241:
8240:
8234:
8231:Henry Cisneros
8227:
8225:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8215:
8208:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8196:
8190:
8183:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8165:
8159:
8153:
8146:
8144:
8138:
8137:
8135:
8134:
8128:
8121:
8119:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8102:
8100:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8083:
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8075:
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8072:
8071:
8065:
8059:
8052:
8050:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8040:
8034:
8028:
8021:
8019:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8009:
8003:
7996:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7980:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7973:
7961:
7959:
7957:Vice President
7953:
7952:
7942:
7941:
7926:
7925:
7918:
7911:
7903:
7894:
7893:
7886:
7884:
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7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
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7836:
7831:
7826:
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7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
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7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
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7671:
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7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7490:
7487:
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7479:
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7471:
7464:
7456:
7447:
7446:
7439:
7436:
7435:
7430:
7429:
7426:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7383:
7377:
7374:
7371:
7364:
7363:
7360:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7338:
7333:
7327:
7324:
7318:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7306:Michael Froman
7303:
7301:
7298:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7273:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7203:
7201:Jeremy Bernard
7198:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:Julianna Smoot
7176:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:DesirΓ©e Rogers
7154:
7148:
7147:
7144:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7129:
7126:
7125:
7122:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7095:
7093:
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7079:
7078:
7075:
7070:
7064:
7061:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7049:
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7034:
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7027:
7022:
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7017:
7012:
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6997:
6992:
6989:
6984:
6977:
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6936:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6916:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6899:
6896:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6882:David Recordon
6879:
6876:
6873:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6848:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:Neil Eggleston
6825:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6790:
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6754:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6736:
6729:
6728:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6716:Roy Austin Jr.
6714:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:Douglas Kramer
6704:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6674:
6667:
6666:
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6614:
6609:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6585:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6563:Melissa Rogers
6560:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6548:
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6543:
6538:
6531:
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6527:
6522:
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6430:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6403:
6400:
6397:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6371:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6358:Macon Phillips
6355:
6352:
6349:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6299:
6292:
6291:
6288:
6283:
6280:
6277:
6275:Jerry Abramson
6272:
6269:
6268:
6265:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6230:
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6219:
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6211:
6208:
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6185:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6163:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6092:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6002:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5942:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5867:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5742:Antony Blinken
5739:
5737:
5734:
5729:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5683:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5625:James L. Jones
5622:
5617:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5570:Barack Obama's
5566:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5543:
5534:
5533:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5494:John B. Taylor
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5474:Robert Shiller
5471:
5466:
5461:
5459:Kenneth Rogoff
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5359:George Akerlof
5355:
5353:
5351:New Keynesians
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5286:Abba P. Lerner
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5266:MichaΕ Kalecki
5263:
5258:
5253:
5251:Michael Hudson
5248:
5246:Geoff Harcourt
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5211:Victoria Chick
5207:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5183:Paul Samuelson
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5158:Robert Mundell
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5138:Lawrence Klein
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5098:William Baumol
5095:
5093:Gardner Ackley
5089:
5087:
5085:Neo-Keynesians
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5032:
5024:
5023:
5011:
5008:
4995:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4962:
4953:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4930:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4903:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4876:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4849:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4817:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4782:
4768:
4764:Democracy Now!
4756:
4743:
4732:
4721:
4712:
4699:
4690:
4681:
4666:
4665:External links
4663:
4661:
4660:
4632:
4611:
4583:
4565:New York Times
4551:
4525:
4499:
4473:
4451:
4429:
4401:
4375:
4347:
4308:
4276:
4248:
4220:
4192:
4178:
4156:
4136:
4100:
4074:
4061:
4048:
4035:
4007:
3990:
3969:
3963:The New Yorker
3948:
3933:
3912:
3897:
3873:
3845:
3824:
3788:
3762:
3728:
3700:
3688:Bloomberg L.P.
3667:
3648:
3629:
3603:
3582:
3569:
3550:
3518:
3494:
3469:
3437:
3404:
3381:
3350:
3334:
3306:
3290:
3272:
3247:
3216:
3200:
3176:
3164:
3151:
3138:
3125:
3089:
3061:
3040:
3024:
3009:
2994:
2979:
2949:
2921:
2906:
2886:
2871:
2840:
2821:
2795:
2766:
2738:
2707:
2683:
2652:
2636:
2613:
2594:
2575:
2566:
2559:
2539:
2523:
2486:
2476:
2455:
2439:
2421:
2391:
2372:(1): 165β182.
2356:
2334:
2299:
2282:
2256:
2244:
2221:
2195:
2176:
2160:
2139:
2127:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2023:The 2010 film
2020:
2017:
1999:
1996:
1971:
1968:
1955:
1952:
1948:Bank of Israel
1916:
1913:
1883:
1880:
1864:European Union
1860:United Kingdom
1813:
1810:
1794:public servant
1707:
1704:
1676:JPMorgan Chase
1663:
1660:
1619:
1616:
1599:
1596:
1579:
1576:
1550:An article in
1547:
1544:
1518:
1515:
1490:treble damages
1457:
1454:
1402:
1399:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1335:
1323:, rather than
1303:
1300:
1271:
1268:
1257:George W. Bush
1255:In 2001, when
1252:
1249:
1214:
1211:
1152:Alan Greenspan
1138:Kyoto Protocol
1134:greenhouse gas
1127:Paul Wolfowitz
1123:The Chastening
1074:
1071:
1066:Lant Pritchett
1051:
1048:
1044:The Economist,
1013:
1010:
997:
994:
966:macroeconomics
954:public finance
941:
938:
936:
933:
892:, a suburb of
878:Paul Samuelson
858:Robert Summers
845:
842:
832:for President
704:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
682:
678:
677:
669:
663:
662:
658:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
635:
634:
628:
624:
623:
606:
600:
599:
594:
588:
587:
582:
579:School or
576:
575:
566:
562:
561:
559:Macroeconomics
556:
552:
551:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
531:
527:
526:
503:
499:
498:
495:
491:
490:
474:
468:
467:
466:
465:
448:
444:
442:Victoria Perry
441:
440:
439:
438:
435:
433:
429:
428:
423:
419:
418:
398:
396:
392:
391:
387:
386:
383:
382:
377:
371:
370:
365:
359:
358:
352:Barber Conable
349:
345:
344:
334:
333:
327:
326:
321:
315:
314:
309:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
284:
283:
277:
276:
273:
267:
266:
261:
255:
254:
251:
247:
246:
236:
235:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
210:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
173:
172:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
130:
129:
122:
121:
116:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
63:
62:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9948:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9761:Living people
9759:
9757:
9754:
9753:
9751:
9736:
9728:
9727:
9724:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9707:
9706:Deep Learning
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9695:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9684:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9651:
9648:
9645:
9642:
9639:
9636:
9633:
9630:
9627:
9626:Greg Brockman
9624:
9623:
9621:
9617:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9590:Paul Nakasone
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9580:Adam D'Angelo
9578:
9576:
9573:
9572:
9570:
9566:
9563:
9559:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9541:
9538:
9537:
9536:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9526:
9523:
9519:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9482:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9472:
9470:
9466:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9428:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9417:
9413:
9409:
9402:
9397:
9395:
9390:
9388:
9383:
9382:
9379:
9362:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9342:
9338:
9334:
9330:
9326:
9323:* (2006β2007)
9322:
9318:
9314:
9310:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9266:
9262:
9257:
9253:
9249:
9246:* (1860β1862)
9245:
9241:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9225:
9221:
9217:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9201:
9196:
9192:
9188:
9184:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9169:* (1804β1806)
9168:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9153:* (1780-1781)
9152:
9148:
9144:
9140:
9135:
9131:
9127:
9123:
9119:
9115:
9111:
9107:
9103:
9099:
9095:
9092:* (1701β1707)
9091:
9087:
9083:
9079:
9075:
9071:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9055:
9051:
9047:
9043:
9039:
9035:
9031:
9030:
9027:
9023:
9014:
9009:
9007:
9002:
9000:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8978:
8975:
8972:
8969:
8966:
8965:Oleg Itskhoki
8963:
8960:
8957:
8954:
8951:
8948:
8945:
8942:
8939:
8936:
8933:
8930:
8927:
8924:
8921:
8918:
8915:
8912:
8909:
8906:
8903:
8900:
8897:
8894:
8891:
8888:
8887:Emmanuel Saez
8885:
8882:
8879:
8876:
8873:
8870:
8869:Steven Levitt
8867:
8864:
8863:Matthew Rabin
8861:
8858:
8855:
8852:
8849:
8846:
8843:
8840:
8837:
8834:
8831:
8828:
8825:
8822:
8819:
8816:
8813:
8810:
8807:
8804:
8801:
8798:
8795:
8792:
8789:
8786:
8783:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8771:
8768:
8765:
8762:
8759:
8756:
8755:Zvi Griliches
8753:
8750:
8747:
8744:
8741:
8738:
8735:
8732:
8729:
8726:
8723:
8720:
8717:
8714:
8711:
8708:
8705:
8702:
8699:
8698:
8695:
8690:
8683:
8678:
8676:
8671:
8669:
8664:
8663:
8660:
8646:
8640:
8633:
8630:
8627:
8624:
8621:
8618:
8615:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8607:
8603:
8596:
8593:
8590:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8578:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8559:
8552:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8542:
8540:
8538:
8534:
8527:
8524:
8521:
8518:
8515:
8512:
8509:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8501:
8497:
8490:
8487:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8475:
8474:
8472:
8470:
8466:
8459:
8456:
8453:
8452:Mickey Kantor
8450:
8449:
8447:
8445:
8441:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8416:
8409:
8406:
8403:
8400:
8397:
8394:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8383:
8379:
8372:
8371:Carol Browner
8369:
8368:
8366:
8364:
8360:
8356:Cabinet-level
8353:
8349:
8338:
8335:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8313:
8312:Richard Riley
8310:
8309:
8307:
8305:
8301:
8294:
8291:
8288:
8287:Federico PeΓ±a
8285:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8270:
8263:
8260:
8257:
8256:Federico PeΓ±a
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8245:
8238:
8235:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8226:
8224:
8220:
8213:
8212:Donna Shalala
8210:
8209:
8207:
8205:
8201:
8194:
8193:Alexis Herman
8191:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8176:
8169:
8168:Norman Mineta
8166:
8163:
8160:
8157:
8156:Mickey Kantor
8154:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8143:
8139:
8132:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8107:
8106:Bruce Babbitt
8104:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8076:
8069:
8068:William Cohen
8066:
8063:
8060:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8038:
8035:
8032:
8029:
8026:
8025:Lloyd Bentsen
8023:
8022:
8020:
8018:
8014:
8007:
8004:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7989:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7958:
7954:
7947:
7943:
7938:
7935:
7931:
7924:
7919:
7917:
7912:
7910:
7905:
7904:
7901:
7890:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7484:
7477:
7472:
7470:
7465:
7463:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7443:
7437:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7407:
7405:Michael Boots
7404:
7402:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7366:
7365:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7343:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7291:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7266:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7221:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7192:
7190:
7189:Shaun Donovan
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7127:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7088:Jackie Norris
7086:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7015:Katie Johnson
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7003:
7001:
7000:Aneesh Chopra
6998:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6950:
6948:Cathy Solomon
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6909:
6907:Cameron Moody
6906:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6860:Chase Cushman
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6794:
6793:Maju Varghese
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6739:Carol Browner
6737:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6541:Joshua DuBois
6539:
6537:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6514:Cecilia MuΓ±oz
6512:
6510:
6509:
6505:
6503:Amy Rosenbaum
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6494:Melody Barnes
6492:
6490:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6462:
6461:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6407:
6406:Phil Schiliro
6404:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6384:Jason Goldman
6383:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6325:Gene Sperling
6323:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6233:Cecilia MuΓ±oz
6231:
6229:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5990:David Plouffe
5988:
5986:
5985:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5968:David Axelrod
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5564:
5559:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5527:
5523:
5515:
5511:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5449:Edmund Phelps
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5311:Joan Robinson
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:Bill Mitchell
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5216:Paul Davidson
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:William Poole
5176:
5174:
5173:Bill Phillips
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:Lloyd Metzler
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:Walter Heller
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Robert Eisner
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5053:
5048:
5046:
5041:
5039:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5021:
5020:
5014:
5007:
5006:
5000:
4993:
4992:
4986:
4985:Alexis Herman
4980:
4977:(ceremonial)
4976:
4972:
4968:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4935:Gene Sperling
4927:
4926:
4919:
4913:
4909:
4900:
4899:
4892:
4886:
4882:
4881:Stu Eizenstat
4873:
4872:
4865:
4859:
4855:
4854:Michael Bruno
4846:
4845:
4838:
4837:David Mulford
4832:
4827:
4823:
4822:Michael Bruno
4814:
4813:
4806:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4636:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4615:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4580:
4572:September 16,
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4461:
4455:
4440:. Independent
4439:
4433:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4405:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4336:September 16,
4332:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4317:Lowrey, Annie
4312:
4305:
4297:September 15,
4293:
4292:
4287:
4280:
4269:September 16,
4265:
4264:
4259:
4252:
4241:September 16,
4237:
4236:
4231:
4224:
4213:September 16,
4209:
4208:
4203:
4196:
4188:
4182:
4166:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4104:
4089:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4065:
4058:
4052:
4045:
4039:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4011:
4003:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3973:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3942:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3916:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3849:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3828:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3792:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3704:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3504:
3498:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3441:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3357:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3162:, 1, 316β345.
3161:
3155:
3148:
3142:
3136:, 269, 41β45.
3135:
3129:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2983:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2953:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2925:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2872:9780470677933
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:Orrell, David
2844:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2814:September 16,
2810:. May 7, 1998
2809:
2805:
2799:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2775:"the warning"
2770:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2714:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2661:Krugman, Paul
2656:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2624:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2480:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2451:The Economist
2448:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2303:
2296:
2292:
2289:Plotz, David.
2286:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1998:Personal life
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:Israeli state
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1923:, to succeed
1922:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1866:ahead of the
1865:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1820:Summers with
1818:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1775:According to
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:Peter DeFazio
1736:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1684:Merrill Lynch
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:Goldman Sachs
1669:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1486:privatization
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1429:Steven Pinker
1425:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1207:Arthur Levitt
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1042:According to
1040:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
946:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Kenneth Arrow
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:Anita Summers
859:
855:
854:Jewish family
851:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:no-confidence
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
701:
697:
693:
689:
686:
683:
679:
675:
674:
670:
668:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
601:
598:
595:
589:
586:
583:
577:
574:
570:
567:
563:
560:
557:
553:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
492:
471:
464:
463:
437:
436:
434:
430:
427:
424:
420:
416:
411:(age 69)
397:
393:
388:
384:
381:
380:Michael Bruno
378:
372:
369:
366:
360:
357:
353:
350:
346:
340:
335:
332:
328:
325:
324:Michael Bruno
322:
316:
313:
312:David Mulford
310:
304:
300:
296:
290:
285:
282:
278:
274:
268:
265:
262:
256:
252:
248:
242:
237:
234:
229:
226:
223:
217:
214:
211:
205:
202:
199:
195:
192:
189:
185:
179:
174:
171:
166:
163:
160:
154:
151:
148:
142:
136:
131:
128:
123:
120:
119:Gene Sperling
117:
111:
108:
105:
99:
96:
92:
91:Diana Farrell
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
18:Larry Summers
9692:
9668:Shivon Zilis
9632:Reid Hoffman
9604:
9552:Emmett Shear
9475:OpenAI Codex
9427:in education
9312:
9151:Wigglesworth
8953:Melissa Dell
8947:Emi Nakamura
8941:Parag Pathak
8923:Roland Fryer
8893:Esther Duflo
8838:
8718:
8644:
8632:John Podesta
8620:Leon Panetta
8614:Mack McLarty
8589:Lee P. Brown
8572:(1993β2001)*
8551:Aida Γlvarez
8545:Philip Lader
8520:Janet Yellen
8433:George Tenet
8396:Alice Rivlin
8390:Leon Panetta
8237:Andrew Cuomo
8187:Robert Reich
8131:Dan Glickman
8036:
8031:Robert Rubin
7967:(1993β2001)
7937:Bill Clinton
7843:
7386:Nancy Sutley
7348:Angella Reid
7214:Vivek Kundra
6971:John Holdren
6772:Katy A. Kale
6444:Paul Volcker
6418:Jason Furman
6301:
6263:Eric Schultz
6243:Josh Earnest
6196:Josh Earnest
6150:Robert Gibbs
6112:Amy Brundage
5940:John Podesta
5881:Mark Lippert
5833:Douglas Lute
5764:Avril Haines
5732:Mona Sutphen
5612:Rahm Emanuel
5504:Janet Yellen
5488:
5454:Ricardo Reis
5429:Paul Krugman
5409:Mark Gertler
5374:Alan Blinder
5364:Ben Bernanke
5291:Hyman Minsky
5256:Richard Kahn
5236:Wynne Godley
5188:Robert Solow
5168:Don Patinkin
5118:Alvin Hansen
5018:
5017:
5002:
4997:
4990:
4989:
4955:
4923:
4908:Paul O'Neill
4896:
4869:
4864:Frank Newman
4842:
4810:
4775:
4762:
4746:
4738:
4729:Charlie Rose
4728:
4706:
4702:
4671:Faculty page
4651:. Retrieved
4645:
4635:
4624:
4614:
4602:. Retrieved
4595:
4586:
4577:
4570:. Retrieved
4563:
4554:
4542:. Retrieved
4538:
4528:
4516:. Retrieved
4512:
4502:
4490:. Retrieved
4485:
4476:
4464:. Retrieved
4454:
4442:. Retrieved
4432:
4420:. Retrieved
4414:
4404:
4392:. Retrieved
4387:
4378:
4366:. Retrieved
4362:The Atlantic
4360:
4350:
4341:
4334:. Retrieved
4328:
4311:
4302:
4295:. Retrieved
4289:
4279:
4267:. Retrieved
4261:
4251:
4239:. Retrieved
4233:
4223:
4211:. Retrieved
4205:
4195:
4181:
4169:. Retrieved
4159:
4148:
4139:
4129:February 22,
4127:. Retrieved
4113:
4103:
4093:February 22,
4091:. Retrieved
4087:
4077:
4064:
4051:
4038:
4026:. Retrieved
4020:
4010:
3999:
3993:
3982:
3972:
3961:
3951:
3943:
3936:
3925:
3915:
3900:
3889:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3858:
3848:
3837:
3827:
3815:. Retrieved
3801:
3791:
3779:. Retrieved
3775:
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3749:the original
3740:
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3713:
3703:
3651:
3640:
3632:
3620:. Retrieved
3616:the original
3606:
3595:
3585:
3572:
3564:the original
3553:
3544:
3537:. Retrieved
3531:
3521:
3511:December 27,
3509:. Retrieved
3497:
3485:. Retrieved
3481:
3472:
3463:
3456:. Retrieved
3450:
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3422:
3399:the original
3394:
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3366:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3319:
3309:
3293:
3283:
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3259:
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3232:
3219:
3203:
3192:
3179:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3115:. Retrieved
3111:the original
3082:February 13,
3080:. Retrieved
3074:
3064:
3053:
3043:
3027:
3016:
3012:
3001:
2997:
2986:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2964:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2934:
2924:
2896:
2889:
2853:
2843:
2835:the original
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2778:
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2751:
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2723:
2699:
2692:Gibney, Alex
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2668:
2655:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2616:
2608:the original
2597:
2589:the original
2578:
2569:
2549:
2542:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:the original
2506:"Toxic memo"
2498:
2495:"Toxic Memo"
2489:
2479:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2406:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2351:the original
2337:
2327:– via
2310:
2302:
2294:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2259:
2247:
2239:
2189:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2142:
2130:
2068:The Simpsons
2066:
2064:
2053:
2051:
2024:
2022:
2001:
1992:Joe McCarthy
1973:
1957:
1933:
1925:Ben Bernanke
1921:Janet Yellen
1918:
1905:Donald Trump
1885:
1876:
1872:
1857:
1853:Premise Data
1849:Lending Club
1830:
1791:
1776:
1774:
1762:
1755:Paul Krugman
1751:Barack Obama
1732:
1724:Peter Orszag
1720:Paul Volcker
1712:Barack Obama
1709:
1665:
1633:
1628:Barack Obama
1601:
1581:
1551:
1549:
1528:
1526:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1494:
1460:Harvard and
1459:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1426:
1419:
1404:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1329:
1318:
1311:
1287:
1280:Bill Bradley
1273:
1265:
1254:
1247:
1235:
1227:
1216:
1191:Barack Obama
1169:
1145:
1142:
1131:
1122:
1115:Paul Krugman
1112:
1103:
1095:Robert Rubin
1084:
1059:
1056:Summers memo
1043:
1041:
1038:
1030:
1028:until 1993.
1015:
999:
951:
902:
894:Philadelphia
890:Pennsylvania
847:
834:Barack Obama
819:
805:, financial
792:
760:Robert Rubin
752:Bill Clinton
737:
708:
707:
676: (1982)
672:
609:Alan Krueger
375:Succeeded by
338:
319:Succeeded by
301:Bill Clinton
288:
271:Succeeded by
253:Bill Clinton
240:
220:Succeeded by
213:Robert Rubin
191:Bill Clinton
177:
157:Succeeded by
134:
114:Succeeded by
95:Jason Furman
81:Barack Obama
67:
29:
9756:1954 births
9670:(2019β2023)
9664:(2021β2023)
9662:Helen Toner
9658:(2017β2023)
9652:(2015β2018)
9646:(2017β2021)
9640:(2021β2023)
9634:(2019β2023)
9628:(2017β2023)
9610:Bret Taylor
9547:Mira Murati
9444:OpenAI Five
9347:(2023β2024)
9339:(2018β2023)
9331:(2007β2018)
9315:(2001β2006)
9307:(1991β2001)
9299:(1971β1991)
9291:(1953β1971)
9283:(1933β1953)
9275:(1909β1933)
9267:(1869β1909)
9254:(1862-1868)
9238:(1860β1862)
9230:(1853β1860)
9222:(1849β1853)
9214:(1846β1849)
9206:(1829β1845)
9193:(1810β1828)
9177:(1806β1810)
9161:(1781β1804)
9145:(1774β1780)
9132:(1770β1773)
9116:(1737β1769)
9108:(1725β1737)
9100:(1708β1724)
9084:(1685β1701)
9076:(1682β1684)
9068:(1675β1681)
9060:(1672β1675)
9052:(1654β1672)
9044:(1640β1654)
9036:(1637β1639)
8725:James Tobin
8634:(1998β2001)
8628:(1997β1998)
8622:(1994β1997)
8616:(1993β1994)
8597:(1996β2001)
8591:(1993β1996)
8553:(1997β2001)
8547:(1994β1997)
8528:(1999β2001)
8522:(1997β1999)
8516:(1995β1997)
8510:(1993β1995)
8508:Laura Tyson
8491:(1999β2001)
8485:(1997β1998)
8479:(1993β1997)
8460:(1996β2001)
8454:(1993β1996)
8435:(1996β2001)
8429:(1995β1996)
8410:(1998β2001)
8404:(1996β1998)
8398:(1994β1996)
8392:(1993β1994)
8373:(1993β2001)
8339:(1998β2000)
8333:(1993β1997)
8331:Jesse Brown
8314:(1993β2001)
8295:(1998β2001)
8289:(1997β1998)
8283:(1993β1997)
8264:(1997β2001)
8258:(1993β1997)
8239:(1997β2001)
8233:(1993β1997)
8214:(1993β2001)
8195:(1997β2001)
8189:(1993β1997)
8170:(2000β2001)
8164:(1997β2000)
8158:(1996β1997)
8152:(1993β1996)
8133:(1995β2001)
8127:(1993β1994)
8108:(1993β2001)
8089:(1993β2001)
8070:(1997β2001)
8064:(1994β1997)
8058:(1993β1994)
8039:(1999β2001)
8033:(1995β1999)
8027:(1993β1994)
8008:(1997β2001)
8002:(1993β1997)
7939:(1993β2001)
7415:Dabney Kern
7226:Deesha Dyer
7167:Brian Deese
7120:Jeff Zients
7047:Megan Smith
6919:Reggie Love
6724:Joani Walsh
6573:Nancy Hogan
6551:David Simas
6470:Jeff Immelt
6347:Jeff Zients
6335:Cody Keenan
6313:Jon Favreau
6254:David Agnew
6217:Bill Burton
6080:Brian Deese
5953:Ellen Moran
5810:Lisa Monaco
5800:Jim Messina
5464:David Romer
5439:Marc Melitz
5434:Greg Mankiw
5389:Brad DeLong
5301:Basil Moore
5281:Marc Lavoie
5221:Evsey Domar
5193:James Tobin
5143:James Meade
5013:Ann Veneman
4715:Appearances
4518:October 17,
4492:December 7,
4466:October 17,
4444:October 17,
4394:October 21,
4368:October 20,
3781:November 8,
3755:February 8,
3452:Vanity Fair
3327:December 5,
3265:November 8,
3117:January 30,
2788:October 26,
2516:November 8,
2275:January 25,
2073:E My Sports
1988:Bill Ackman
1942:to succeed
1802:Wall Street
1276:Cornel West
1242:Wall Street
1160:Kenneth Lay
886:Penn Valley
803:Cornel West
639:Information
565:Institution
363:Preceded by
307:Preceded by
259:Preceded by
208:Preceded by
145:Preceded by
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9600:Fidji Simo
9575:Sam Altman
9535:Sam Altman
9305:Rudenstine
9159:J. Willard
9090:S. Willard
8911:Raj Chetty
8845:David Card
8691:recipients
8087:Janet Reno
7809:Blumenthal
7749:Morgenthau
7634:Richardson
7367:Director,
7329:Director,
7271:Bruce Reed
7260:Tony Scott
7132:Tina Tchen
7110:Susan Sher
7066:Director,
6980:Director,
6964:Director,
6928:Beth Jones
6901:Director,
6763:Greg Craig
6732:Director,
6670:Director,
6661:Lisa Brown
6605:Director,
6581:Director,
6534:Director,
6487:Director,
6428:Rob Nabors
6295:Director,
6226:Director,
6187:Jon Carson
6176:Jay Carney
6166:Tina Tchen
6159:Director,
6057:Pete Rouse
5978:Anita Dunn
5918:Pete Rouse
5857:Ben Rhodes
5776:Rob Nabors
5728:for Policy
5669:Susan Rice
5637:Pete Rouse
5404:Jordi GalΓ
5276:Jan Kregel
5271:Steve Keen
5133:John Hicks
5123:Roy Harrod
5060:Keynesians
4961:2001β2006
4929:2009β2011
4902:1999β2001
4875:1995β1999
4848:1993β1995
4816:1991β1993
4785:Membership
4653:January 4,
4604:January 4,
3721:August 10,
3693:August 10,
3691:Retrieved
3240:January 4,
2942:January 4,
2881:2011286013
2100:References
2055:Inside Job
1978:, several
1798:hedge fund
1783:Chris Dodd
1656:Xi Jinping
1626:President
1604:sabbatical
1521:See also:
1306:See also:
1164:Gray Davis
1158:executive
1089:under the
1036:programs.
1026:World Bank
774:, and the
426:Democratic
405:1954-11-30
9712:LangChain
9650:Elon Musk
9638:Will Hurd
9449:SearchGPT
9106:Wadsworth
8150:Ron Brown
8125:Mike Espy
8056:Les Aspin
7934:President
7709:Cortelyou
7679:Fairchild
7669:McCulloch
7624:McCulloch
7619:Fessenden
7251:Ron Klain
7025:Todd Park
6783:Bob Bauer
6687:Rajesh De
6129:Liz Allen
6068:Jen Psaki
6044:Jen Psaki
5394:Huw Dixon
4967:Derek Bok
4891:Bob Rubin
4751:from the
4697:Big Think
4544:March 22,
4422:April 25,
4304:decision.
4263:Bloomberg
4124:0190-8286
3839:Bloomberg
3817:August 7,
3812:0190-8286
3662:Bloomberg
3622:April 17,
2972:April 27,
2966:Bloomberg
2916:793012561
2780:Frontline
2759:March 26,
2731:March 25,
2629:April 10,
2414:August 7,
2386:0895-3309
2315:(Ph.D.).
2071:episode "
2009:Elisa New
1960:Joe Biden
1888:Joe Biden
1680:Citigroup
1608:Derek Bok
1572:Elisa New
1540:Derek Bok
1517:In Russia
1325:normative
1261:President
1188:President
984:from the
931:in 1987.
913:economics
713:economist
581:tradition
530:Signature
502:Education
470:Elisa New
348:President
339:In office
298:President
289:In office
250:President
241:In office
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9415:Products
9191:Kirkland
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9124:* (1769)
9122:Winthrop
9098:Leverett
8719:No Award
8408:Jack Lew
7864:Geithner
7794:Connally
7769:Anderson
7764:Humphrey
7714:MacVeagh
7694:Carlisle
7629:Boutwell
7584:Meredith
7554:Woodbury
7524:Crawford
7514:Campbell
7509:Gallatin
7494:Hamilton
7284:Ron Kirk
7098:Jack Lew
6851:Chris Lu
5681:Jack Lew
4486:BBC News
4416:The Hill
4291:CNNMoney
4235:HuffPost
4207:The Hill
4171:July 15,
4150:BBC News
4028:April 4,
3866:April 4,
3539:July 12,
3487:July 12,
3458:July 12,
3430:July 12,
3234:HuffPost
2936:Newsweek
2851:(2010).
2676:April 4,
2329:ProQuest
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1321:positive
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9212:Everett
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7965:Al Gore
7950:Cabinet
7930:Cabinet
7874:Mnuchin
7859:Paulson
7849:O'Neill
7844:Summers
7834:Bentsen
7789:Kennedy
7729:Houston
7674:Manning
7664:Gresham
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7594:Guthrie
7569:Spencer
7564:Forward
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7418:2016β17
7408:2014β15
7400:2013β15
7390:2009β14
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7310:2013β17
7300:2013β17
7288:2009β13
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7230:2015β17
7218:2009β11
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7077:2009β10
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6975:2009β17
6961:2012β17
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6931:2011β15
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6910:2009β11
6898:2014β17
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5685:2012β13
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9220:Sparks
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8925:(2015)
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8877:(2005)
8871:(2003)
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8847:(1995)
8841:(1993)
8835:(1991)
8829:(1989)
8823:(1987)
8817:(1985)
8811:(1983)
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8799:(1979)
8793:(1977)
8787:(1975)
8781:(1973)
8775:(1971)
8769:(1969)
8763:(1967)
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8751:(1963)
8745:(1961)
8739:(1959)
8733:(1957)
8727:(1955)
8721:(1953)
8715:(1951)
8709:(1949)
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7971:tenure
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7814:Miller
7799:Shultz
7779:Fowler
7774:Dillon
7759:Snyder
7754:Vinson
7744:Woodin
7734:Mellon
7719:McAdoo
7689:Foster
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7654:Windom
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7589:Corwin
7579:Walker
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7534:Ingham
7519:Dallas
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5595:Office
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3810:
2987:YUNews
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2879:
2869:
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2384:
2323:
1841:Square
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770:, the
733:OpenAI
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633:(1993)
627:Awards
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197:Deputy
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9500:GPT-4
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