240:
31:
258:. In 1977, the owners applied for a liquor license through the local Cambridge License Commission. Holy Cross Church, which shared a 10 feet (3.0 m)-wide alley with the restaurant, filed an objection to the license, stating that there already too many establishments with liquor licenses in the area as part of their rationale. Pursuant to Section 16C, the Cambridge License Commission denied Grendel's Den the license due to the church's objection.
294:(403 U.S. 602 (1971)). In the decision, the judge determined that Section 16C had the primary effect of advancing religion, with the objection power one that could be misused, such as if a church did not objected to establishments where the owners shared the same faith or had made a significant donation to the church.
338:
Section 16C was considered to have a secular purpose, as it was in the state's interest to regulate liquor use, though Burger wrote that the state could implement this through other means such as absolute bans of liquor licenses near churches, or to allow churches to voice objections during a license
359:
Judge
Rehnquist, in his dissent, agreed that Section 16C would be better implemented by an absolute ban on liquid licenses within a certain distance from the church, but disagreed with the remaining three-pronged analysis that the law violated the Establishment Clause, particularly that he did not
235:
in the 1930s, the state began loosing liquid laws but still kept numerous blue laws on the books. One such law was
Section 16C, first introduced in 1954, which prohibited any establishment within 500 feet (150 m) of a church or school from having a liquor license. The absolute ban on liquor
207:
by a non-government entity. Massachusetts had established a law that allowed any church or school located within 500 feet (150 m) of an establishment seeking a liquor license to object to that license. The
Supreme Court, in an 8–1 decision, ruled that Massachusetts' law violated the
4414:
1146:
261:
The owners appealed to the ABCC, addressing that numerous other establishments within the 500-ft range of Holy Cross Church had successfully received licenses. The ABCC upheld the
Cambridge License Commission's decision. The owners then took their case to the
4382:
4470:
4137:
1536:
1738:
735:
4462:
815:
5903:
3186:
6036:
1170:
5489:
4534:
282:. The District Court found in favor of Grendel's Den in 1980, ruling that Section 16C was unconstitutional and violated the Establishment Clause. The judge used a three-pronged test that the Supreme Court had previously established in
354:
test because it created entanglement between church and state. Besides granting a veto power to the church, Burger stated that the law could also lead to "political fragmentation and divisiveness" along the lines of the church's
4526:
346:
test in Burger's opinion as the law advanced religious interest, giving churches a standardless veto power on a function normally performed by the government, and had made no assurance that churches would object in a neutral
3194:
1592:
1213:
823:
636:
703:
1256:
1130:
4454:
3392:
236:
licenses was amended in 1968 and 1970, allowing intuitions near churches or schools to have a license, but only if no church or school within that distance filed a formal objection to the license with the ABCC.
3932:
4028:
3884:
1600:
1339:
775:
791:
5796:
3024:
1624:
6004:
4494:
3440:
5788:
4350:
5321:
4637:
4366:
4153:
2393:
4661:
4406:
3360:
2417:
5871:
4621:
4270:
3178:
839:
4374:
4358:
2664:
1798:
612:
212:
as it delegated powers normally reserved to the government to non-government entities and would allow decisions to be made along religious lines, effectively advancing religious purposes.
4478:
4129:
3408:
3400:
3170:
5956:
5812:
4326:
4294:
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4113:
3491:
3275:
1347:
1154:
871:
1544:
2513:
4198:
3328:
5855:
4342:
1774:
807:
679:
6104:
5863:
5772:
4518:
3956:
3940:
3793:
3785:
3283:
1063:
263:
384:
Krebs, Cynthia A. (1983). "The
Establishment Clause and Liquor Sales: The Supreme Court Rushes in Where Angels Fear to Tread—Larkin v. Grendel's Den, 103 S. Ct. 505 (1982)".
5481:
4773:
1488:
4430:
4334:
3868:
3267:
2860:
1186:
5374:
3725:
3291:
855:
5035:
3448:
3352:
3032:
2489:
2151:
1632:
5054:
3564:
3556:
4318:
4145:
3595:
2820:
1986:
727:
307:
hearing at the First
Circuit, and the full panel of judges reversed the three-panel decision, again ruling that Section 13C violated the Establishment Clause.
5406:
5086:
4693:
4677:
4574:
2852:
1229:
903:
535:
82:
5996:
5887:
5398:
4960:
4856:
4286:
1818:
1071:
767:
298:
5948:
5847:
5623:
5201:
4398:
4238:
3876:
3524:
1827:
1323:
783:
4057:
3924:
3717:
3235:
2457:
1693:
1616:
911:
799:
6028:
5895:
4709:
4629:
3700:
3162:
3080:
551:
476:
3769:
3499:
2828:
1012:
759:
743:
583:
5675:
5430:
4781:
1746:
1178:
5008:
4310:
2936:
604:
5225:
4190:
3464:
2425:
863:
6119:
5715:
5631:
5313:
4880:
3656:
3040:
2727:
2537:
5524:
5062:
4915:
4422:
2545:
1640:
1036:
1028:
6114:
4510:
4246:
3619:
3424:
3416:
2481:
2473:
2465:
527:
330:. Burger's opinion reviewed only the Establishment Clause considerations that had been at review at the First Circuit and applied the
5217:
5119:
4613:
3540:
3368:
3016:
2377:
2345:
1701:
919:
751:
3072:
2241:
1221:
1087:
467:
6089:
6084:
5497:
4765:
4685:
4550:
4390:
3243:
2441:
6079:
5928:
4976:
4701:
4669:
4653:
4161:
3761:
3709:
3688:
3227:
2449:
1872:
1416:
5532:
4864:
4594:
3908:
3777:
3125:
2409:
1560:
1079:
620:
5879:
4741:
4725:
3988:
3817:
3745:
1891:
1664:
1103:
1044:
301:, which initially the three-judge panel decided to reverse the District Court's ruling. The restaurant owners requested an
5656:
5828:
5577:
5193:
4446:
3344:
3259:
3202:
2672:
1782:
972:
5446:
4943:
3384:
2623:
1730:
1272:
1162:
628:
35:
5980:
5209:
4020:
3548:
3376:
2889:
2590:
2401:
2076:
1765:
5780:
5465:
4645:
4438:
3753:
3000:
2505:
416:
Lamb, Kenneth (1984). "The
Establishment Clause and Church Veto of Liquor Licenses: Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc".
232:
5438:
5027:
4486:
3836:
3664:
2553:
2369:
2281:
1922:
6099:
6052:
5366:
5358:
5289:
5260:
4214:
4089:
3964:
2767:
2119:
2052:
1656:
1584:
948:
644:
224:
315:
The state petitioned to the
Supreme Court, which the Court granted certiorari and heard during the 1982 term.
5820:
4797:
4302:
4254:
4097:
3980:
3680:
3587:
2804:
2631:
687:
559:
284:
279:
220:
5699:
5185:
4840:
3008:
2905:
2796:
2759:
2038:
1608:
460:
63:
5940:
5586:
5422:
5382:
3627:
3056:
2952:
2703:
2297:
2224:
2111:
2060:
1552:
1095:
200:
5473:
4813:
4542:
3299:
2836:
2159:
2135:
575:
6109:
6094:
5972:
5329:
5177:
5161:
2968:
2521:
2305:
1392:
418:
5683:
5268:
4206:
4182:
3809:
3154:
3133:
2751:
2529:
2313:
2273:
2068:
2043:
1999:
1930:
1877:
1440:
1138:
895:
652:
251:
223:
are overseen by the
Alcoholic Beverages Control Commission (ABCC). Many of these laws are based on
5390:
5350:
4073:
3307:
2897:
2881:
2844:
2695:
2598:
2204:
2103:
2019:
1978:
1946:
1915:
1432:
1408:
453:
271:
440:
5305:
4757:
3730:
2928:
2233:
2212:
2188:
1994:
1472:
163:
119:
5145:
4907:
4036:
2249:
1962:
1938:
1721:
1576:
386:
74:
4121:
4065:
3948:
3336:
2960:
2944:
2719:
2643:
2361:
2329:
1456:
1380:
1004:
980:
719:
490:
267:
209:
8:
5594:
5565:
5505:
5000:
4502:
4222:
3916:
3900:
3844:
3096:
2992:
2711:
2265:
2257:
2143:
2014:
1248:
660:
445:
239:
143:
5804:
5734:
5615:
5540:
5297:
5252:
4984:
4931:
4805:
4733:
4278:
3801:
3672:
2984:
2735:
2647:
2574:
2385:
2337:
2321:
2289:
2127:
1954:
1843:
1520:
1504:
1496:
1480:
1291:
1264:
1214:
Valley Forge
Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
996:
879:
824:
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
543:
275:
255:
6012:
5414:
5153:
4789:
4566:
4173:
4000:
3852:
3611:
3576:
3251:
3117:
3064:
3048:
2775:
2497:
2433:
2353:
2196:
2094:
1331:
956:
887:
847:
711:
519:
511:
327:
290:
155:
151:
131:
5988:
5691:
5070:
4952:
4899:
4848:
4832:
4717:
4605:
4415:
Ibanez v. Florida Dept. of Business and Professional Regulation, Bd. of Accountancy
4081:
3892:
3532:
3218:
3088:
2976:
2743:
2167:
1806:
1790:
1648:
1528:
1464:
1424:
1299:
831:
567:
323:
322:
decision of the First Circuit that Section 16C was unconstitutional. Chief Justice
247:
111:
77:
5964:
5707:
5233:
5169:
5131:
4992:
4923:
4582:
4105:
4012:
3635:
3472:
3456:
3432:
2684:
2656:
2614:
2582:
2026:
1970:
1709:
1448:
1400:
1355:
1307:
1122:
988:
964:
927:
254:, opened in 1971 and became a popular spot for students and professors of nearby
6020:
5094:
5078:
3972:
3860:
3737:
2088:
1685:
1205:
1020:
695:
180:
Burger, joined by Brennan, White, Marshall, Blackmun, Powell, Stevens, O'Connor
139:
6073:
2812:
2006:
1835:
5753:
4968:
4749:
4558:
4262:
3647:
3603:
2919:
1568:
1512:
6044:
4872:
2179:
227:, designed to prevent people from drinking on Sundays due to the state's
204:
127:
5341:
5136:
4335:
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California
3268:
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California
1902:
334:
three-pronged test to determine if Section 16C was unconstitutional.
4383:
Peel v. Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission of Illinois
1799:
Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania
4295:
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission
5957:
Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc.
5813:
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston
3276:
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston
1907:
4351:
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. U.S. Olympic Committee
4327:
Zauderer v. Off. of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio
4231:
Virginia State Pharmacy Bd. v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council
3171:
Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association
2514:
American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression v. Strickland
303:
228:
4471:
Los Angeles Police Department v. United Reporting Publishing Co.
4138:
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc.
1537:
Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc.
318:
The Court gave its decision on December 13, 1982, upholding the
3401:
Board of Regents of the Univ. of Wisconsin System v. Southworth
3284:
Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic & Institutional Rights, Inc.
30:
4519:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
4029:
U.S. Civil Service Comm'n v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers
3957:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
3941:
Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn.
3794:
Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn. v. Brentwood Academy
3786:
Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Assn.
736:
Levitt v. Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty
264:
United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
4463:
Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Assn., Inc. v. United States
1489:
Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Massachusetts, Inc.
816:
Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Regan
278:
of the Fourteenth Amendment, and antitrust components of the
5904:
Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party
4199:
Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Comm'n on Human Relations
3187:
International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee
2861:
City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC
6037:
BE and K Construction Co. v. National Labor Relations Board
4535:
Jerman v. Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich LPA
4343:
Posadas de Puerto Rico Assoc. v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico
1187:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan v. Acevedo Feliciano
5490:
Denver Area Ed. Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. FCC
4774:
Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett
3292:
National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra
1775:
Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal
1348:
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet
872:
Board of Ed. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. v. Grumet
856:
Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind
475:
1633:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
1064:
Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School Dist.
5375:
Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Ass'n, Inc. v. Bresler
3483:
5407:
Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.
4527:
Milavetz, Gallop & Milavetz, P.A. v. United States
4319:
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
4146:
Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
360:
believe the law was advancing any religious interest.
326:
wrote the majority opinion, joined by all but Justice
6105:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
4694:
FEC v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee
4678:
Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC
4575:
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants
2853:
Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants
1072:
Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette
536:
County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union
5997:
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
5399:
Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc.
3195:
Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes
1987:
Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Bd.
1593:
Frazee v. Illinois Department of Employment Security
3869:
Mt. Healthy City School Dist. Board of Ed. v. Doyle
3565:
USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International II
3525:
Regan v. Taxation with Representation of Washington
704:
Board of Ed. of Central School Dist. No. 1 v. Allen
3925:United States v. National Treasury Employees Union
3718:West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
3596:Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans
3557:USAID v. Alliance for Open Society International I
2458:United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
1617:Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
1257:Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley
441:Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc., 459 U.S. 116 (1982)
6029:Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation
5896:New York State Board of Elections v. Lopez Torres
4857:Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Committee
4630:Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley
3081:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
2829:Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Crime Victims Board
552:McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union
6071:
3726:Tinker v. Des Moines Ind. Community School Dist.
3500:Minnesota Board for Community Colleges v. Knight
2665:Board of Airport Commissioners v. Jews for Jesus
1171:Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese v. Milivojevich
584:American Legion v. American Humanist Association
5676:Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath
5431:Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton
4782:American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock
4455:Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliot, Inc.
4239:Linmark Assoc., Inc. v. Township of Willingboro
3393:Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliot, Inc.
1747:Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru
1131:Gonzalez v. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila
350:Section 16C also failed the third prong of the
5009:National Rifle Association of America v. Vullo
4058:Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Comm'n of Ohio
1871:
96:Section 16C violates the Establishment Clause.
3465:Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association
864:Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District
461:
5716:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
5632:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
5314:Minneapolis Star Tribune Co. v. Commissioner
4881:Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
3885:Smith v. Arkansas State Hwy. Employees Local
3236:West Virginia State Board of Ed. v. Barnette
3041:Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
2728:Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
1601:Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization
1340:Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization
776:Public Funds for Public Schools v. Marburger
288:(330 U.S. 1 (1947)) and later enumerated in
54:John P. Larkin et al. v. Grendel's Den, Inc.
5525:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
4916:Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck
4423:Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corp.
3877:Givhan v. Western Line Consol. School Dist.
1641:Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo
1230:Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn
904:Arizona Christian Sch. Tuition Org. v. Winn
792:Roemer v. Board of Public Works of Maryland
342:Section 16C failed the second prong of the
5655:
4247:Carey v. Population Services International
3933:Board of Comm'rs, Wabaunsee Cty. v. Umbehr
3770:Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens
3620:Houston Community College System v. Wilson
3025:USPS v. Council of Greenburgh Civic Assns.
2466:City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc.
2426:American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut
2152:Nat'l Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie
1013:Westside Community Board of Ed. v. Mergens
605:Walz v. Tax Comm'n of the City of New York
528:Board of Trustees of Scarsdale v. McCreary
468:
454:
6005:Smith v. Arkansas State Highway Employees
5218:Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia
4614:First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti
4495:Thompson v. Western States Medical Center
4287:Consol. Edison Co. v. Public Serv. Comm'n
3541:National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley
3441:Ysursa v. Pocatello Education Association
3369:Communications Workers of America v. Beck
2378:United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film
2346:United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs
1702:Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
1625:Watchtower Society v. Village of Stratton
920:Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue
752:Committee for Public Education v. Nyquist
266:, claiming that Section 16C violated the
243:Grendel's Den in Cambridge, Massachusetts
5118:
5063:Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners' Union
2242:United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
1379:
1222:Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
1088:Good News Club v. Milford Central School
489:
238:
5927:
5797:New York Club Ass'n v. City of New York
5564:
5498:Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC
4766:Nevada Commission on Ethics v. Carrigan
4686:Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC
4638:FEC v. National Right to Work Committee
4551:Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman
4391:City of Cincinnati v. Discovery Network
3425:Davenport v. Washington Education Ass'n
3244:Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo
2482:United States v. American Library Ass'n
2442:United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.
2394:Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad
6072:
5533:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
4702:Republican Party of Minnesota v. White
4670:Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce
4662:Eu v. S.F. Cty. Democratic Cent. Comm.
4654:FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life
4407:United States v. Edge Broadcasting Co.
4162:Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement
3762:Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
3710:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
3689:Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb
3657:American Communications Ass'n v. Douds
3361:Chicago Local Teachers Union v. Hudson
3228:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
2538:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Ass'n
2418:Vance v. Universal Amusement Co., Inc.
1417:Minersville School District v. Gobitis
1037:Elk Grove Unif. School Dist. v. Newdow
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
5926:
5872:Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party
5789:Rotary Int'l v. Rotary Club of Duarte
5654:
5563:
5117:
4622:California Medical Association v. FEC
4271:Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Association
3909:Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois
3179:Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Defense Fund
3073:Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc.
2410:Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc.
1870:
1561:Bob Jones University v. United States
1378:
621:Bob Jones University v. United States
488:
449:
383:
379:
377:
375:
373:
203:case dealing with the enforcement of
18:1982 United States Supreme Court case
5880:California Democratic Party v. Jones
5322:Arkansas Writers' Project v. Ragland
4742:FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.
4726:Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. v. FEC
4511:Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n
3818:Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
3746:Island Trees School District v. Pico
3417:Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Ass'n
2546:FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc.
840:School Dist. of Grand Rapids v. Ball
415:
6120:History of Cambridge, Massachusetts
5829:Christian Legal Society v. Martinez
5194:New York Times Co. v. United States
4447:44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island
4375:State University of New York v. Fox
4359:Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Association
3345:Abood v. Detroit Board of Education
3260:Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins
3203:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
2673:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
1783:Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
973:Abington School District v. Schempp
613:California v. Grace Brethren Church
398:
13:
5447:Obsidian Finance Group, LLC v. Cox
4479:United States v. United Foods Inc.
4130:Mine Workers v. Illinois Bar Assn.
3492:Steele v. Louisville & N.R. Co
3409:United States v. United Foods Inc.
2624:Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project
1731:NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago
1273:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
1163:Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church
629:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
370:
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
6131:
6115:United States Supreme Court cases
5981:United Mine Workers v. Pennington
4865:McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm'n
4367:Riley v. Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind
4154:Riley v. Nat'l Fed'n of the Blind
4114:Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia Bar
4021:United Public Workers v. Mitchell
3989:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
3549:Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez
3377:Keller v. State Bar of California
3017:Org. for a Better Austin v. Keefe
2890:Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.
2591:Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition
2402:Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville
2077:Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus
1665:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1155:Kreshik v. St. Nicholas Cathedral
1147:Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral
1104:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1045:Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.
1029:Santa Fe Ind. School Dist. v. Doe
637:Corp. of Presiding Bishop v. Amos
434:
5781:Roberts v. United States Jaycees
5466:Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC
4646:FEC v. National Conservative PAC
4439:Florida Bar v. Went For It, Inc.
3778:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
3754:Bethel School District v. Fraser
3126:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
3001:Carroll v. Town of Princess Anne
1694:Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer
1080:Rosenberger v. Univ. of Virginia
912:Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer
310:
29:
5439:Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.
5028:NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.
4977:Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach
4487:Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly
4191:Rowan v. U.S. Post Office Dept.
3837:Pickering v. Board of Education
3665:Garner v. Board of Public Works
3385:Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Ass'n
2554:Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton
2370:Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton
2282:MANual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day
1923:Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten
6090:1982 in United States case law
6085:Legal history of Massachusetts
6053:Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri
5367:Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts
5359:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
5290:Grosjean v. American Press Co.
5261:Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn
5210:Nebraska Press Ass'n v. Stuart
4215:Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar
4090:Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
3965:Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri
3329:Ry. Emps. Department v. Hanson
2120:Terminiello v. City of Chicago
2053:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
1758:Statutory religious exemptions
1657:Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
949:McCollum v. Board of Education
645:Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock
1:
6080:Establishment Clause case law
5856:Democratic Party v. Wisconsin
5821:Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
5773:Hishon v. King & Spalding
4798:Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar
4303:Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego
4255:Bates v. State Bar of Arizona
4098:Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown
3981:Heffernan v. City of Paterson
3681:Keyishian v. Board of Regents
3588:Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
2805:Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego
2632:Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar
1316:Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.
808:New York v. Cathedral Academy
688:Everson v. Board of Education
680:Cochran v. Board of Education
560:Pleasant Grove City v. Summum
477:United States First Amendment
363:
299:First Circuit Appellate Court
285:Everson v. Board of Education
215:
199:, 459 U.S. 116 (1982), was a
196:Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.
24:Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.
5864:Tashjian v. Republican Party
5700:Bates v. City of Little Rock
5606:Protection from prosecution
5186:Lamont v. Postmaster General
4841:Bates v. City of Little Rock
3009:Coates v. City of Cincinnati
2906:Packingham v. North Carolina
2797:Lamont v. Postmaster General
1609:Employment Division v. Smith
270:of the First Amendment, the
7:
5941:United States v. Cruikshank
5587:United States v. Cruikshank
5482:FCC v. WNCN Listeners Guild
5423:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
5383:Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.
3628:Shurtleff v. City of Boston
3057:Ward v. Rock Against Racism
2953:Martin v. City of Struthers
2768:City of Erie v. Pap's A. M.
2298:Quantity of Books v. Kansas
2112:Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
2061:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
1585:O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz
1096:Shurtleff v. City of Boston
201:United States Supreme Court
10:
6136:
5474:FCC v. Pacifica Foundation
4814:FEC v. Ted Cruz for Senate
4543:Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc.
4431:Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co.
3300:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
2837:R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
2160:R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
2136:Gregory v. City of Chicago
576:Town of Greece v. Galloway
297:The state appealed to the
221:Massachusetts' liquor laws
5973:Edwards v. South Carolina
5935:
5922:
5839:
5764:
5745:
5726:
5667:
5663:
5650:
5605:
5576:
5572:
5559:
5516:
5457:
5340:
5330:Cohen v. Cowles Media Co.
5279:
5244:
5178:Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc.
5162:Lovell v. City of Griffin
5130:
5126:
5113:
5046:
5019:
4942:
4891:
4824:
4593:
4172:
4047:
3999:
3828:
3699:
3646:
3575:
3514:
3318:
3217:
3144:
3107:
2969:Edwards v. South Carolina
2916:
2871:
2786:
2683:
2642:
2613:
2564:
2522:United States v. Kilbride
2506:United States v. Williams
2306:Ginzburg v. United States
2223:
2178:
2087:
2037:
1901:
1890:
1886:
1866:
1817:
1764:
1757:
1720:
1675:
1393:Reynolds v. United States
1387:
1374:
1283:
1240:
1197:
1114:
1055:
938:
671:
594:
501:
497:
484:
419:Boston College Law Review
184:
176:
171:
105:
100:
95:
90:
69:
59:
49:
45:Decided December 13, 1982
42:
28:
23:
5684:Watkins v. United States
5269:Florida Star v. B. J. F.
4207:Lehman v. Shaker Heights
4183:Valentine v. Chrestensen
3810:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
3484:Compelled representation
3449:Knox v. SEIU, Local 1000
3155:Lehman v. Shaker Heights
3134:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
2752:United States v. Eichman
2704:United States v. O'Brien
2530:United States v. Stevens
2314:Memoirs v. Massachusetts
2274:Marcus v. Search Warrant
2069:United States v. Alvarez
2000:clear and present danger
1931:Schenck v. United States
1441:United States v. Ballard
1139:United States v. Ballard
1056:Private religious speech
896:Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
653:City of Boerne v. Flores
252:Cambridge, Massachusetts
5840:Primaries and elections
5391:Time, Inc. v. Firestone
5351:Beauharnais v. Illinois
5036:FTC v. Superior Ct. TLA
4074:Murdock v. Pennsylvania
3353:Ellis v. Railway Clerks
3308:Moody v. NetChoice, LLC
2898:City of Ladue v. Gilleo
2882:Schneider v. New Jersey
2845:Reed v. Town of Gilbert
2696:Stromberg v. California
2599:United States v. Hansen
2205:Elonis v. United States
2104:Cantwell v. Connecticut
2020:imminent lawless action
1979:Dennis v. United States
1947:Abrams v. United States
1916:Alien and Sedition Acts
1433:Murdock v. Pennsylvania
1409:Cantwell v. Connecticut
1115:Internal church affairs
272:Equal Protection Clause
5765:Membership restriction
5657:Freedom of association
5608:and state restrictions
5306:Houchins v. KQED, Inc.
4758:Citizens United v. FEC
3731:substantial disruption
3033:United States v. Grace
2929:Davis v. Massachusetts
2760:Barnes v. Glen Theatre
2234:Rosen v. United States
2213:Counterman v. Colorado
2189:Watts v. United States
1995:Yates v. United States
1545:Thomas v. Review Board
1473:Fowler v. Rhode Island
244:
120:William J. Brennan Jr.
43:Argued October 4, 1982
6100:1982 in Massachusetts
5517:Copyrighted materials
5146:Patterson v. Colorado
5055:Procunier v. Martinez
4908:Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner
4050:restriction of speech
4037:Broadrick v. Oklahoma
2250:Roth v. United States
1963:Whitney v. California
1939:Debs v. United States
1739:Hosanna-Tabor v. EEOC
1722:Ministerial exception
1676:Exclusion of religion
1577:Goldman v. Weinberger
387:Washington Law Review
242:
5120:Freedom of the press
4944:Official retaliation
4598:and political speech
4122:Freedman v. Maryland
4066:Cox v. New Hampshire
3949:Garcetti v. Ceballos
3337:Machinists v. Street
2961:Niemotko v. Maryland
2945:Thornhill v. Alabama
2821:Butterworth v. Smith
2720:Spence v. Washington
2362:Miller v. California
2330:Ginsberg v. New York
1678:from public benefits
1553:United States v. Lee
1457:Niemotko v. Maryland
1381:Free Exercise Clause
1005:Edwards v. Aguillard
981:Epperson v. Arkansas
728:Lemon v. Kurtzman II
720:Tilton v. Richardson
491:Establishment Clause
268:Establishment Clause
231:heritage. After the
210:Establishment Clause
5929:Freedom to petition
5595:Presser v. Illinois
5566:Freedom of assembly
5506:Bartnicki v. Vopper
5087:Overton v. Bazzetta
5001:Gonzalez v. Trevino
4503:Nike, Inc. v. Kasky
4223:Bigelow v. Virginia
3917:Waters v. Churchill
3901:Rankin v. McPherson
3845:Perry v. Sindermann
3097:McCullen v. Coakley
2993:Adderley v. Florida
2712:Cohen v. California
2567:to criminal conduct
2490:Ashcroft v. ACLU II
2266:Smith v. California
2258:One, Inc. v. Olesen
2144:Cohen v. California
2015:Brandenburg v. Ohio
1249:McGowan v. Maryland
661:Cutter v. Wilkinson
595:Statutory religious
164:Sandra Day O'Connor
144:Lewis F. Powell Jr.
5888:Clingman v. Beaver
5805:Dallas v. Stanglin
5735:Baggett v. Bullitt
5616:De Jonge v. Oregon
5541:Eldred v. Ashcroft
5298:Branzburg v. Hayes
5253:Time, Inc. v. Hill
4985:Nieves v. Bartlett
4961:Reichle v. Howards
4932:Murthy v. Missouri
4806:Thompson v. Hebdon
4734:Randall v. Sorrell
4279:Friedman v. Rogers
3802:Morse v. Frederick
3673:Speiser v. Randall
2985:Brown v. Louisiana
2736:Dallas v. Stanglin
2575:New York v. Ferber
2474:Ashcroft v. ACLU I
2386:Jenkins v. Georgia
2338:Stanley v. Georgia
2322:Redrup v. New York
2290:Jacobellis v. Ohio
2128:Feiner v. New York
1955:Gitlow v. New York
1844:Ramirez v. Collier
1521:Wisconsin v. Yoder
1505:Sherbert v. Verner
1497:Torcaso v. Watkins
1481:Braunfeld v. Brown
1292:Torcaso v. Watkins
1265:Braunfeld v. Brown
997:Wallace v. Jaffree
880:Agostini v. Felton
768:Wheeler v. Barrera
544:Van Orden v. Perry
276:Due Process Clause
256:Harvard University
250:, a restaurant in
245:
233:end of Prohibition
116:Associate Justices
6067:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6013:McDonald v. Smith
5949:Thomas v. Collins
5918:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5848:Cousins v. Wigoda
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5624:Thomas v. Collins
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5415:McDonald v. Smith
5202:Pell v. Procunier
5154:Near v. Minnesota
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
4790:McCutcheon v. FEC
4567:Iancu v. Brunetti
4399:Edenfield v. Fane
4174:Commercial speech
3853:Arnett v. Kennedy
3612:Iancu v. Brunetti
3515:Government grants
3510:
3509:
3321:of others' speech
3319:Compelled subsidy
3252:Wooley v. Maynard
3213:
3212:
3118:Widmar v. Vincent
3065:Burson v. Freeman
3049:Frisby v. Schultz
2776:Virginia v. Black
2609:
2608:
2498:Nitke v. Gonzales
2434:People v. Freeman
2354:Kois v. Wisconsin
2197:Virginia v. Black
1873:Freedom of speech
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1828:Sossamon v. Texas
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1332:Bowen v. Kendrick
1324:Larson v. Valente
1198:Taxpayer standing
957:Zorach v. Clauson
888:Mitchell v. Helms
848:Aguilar v. Felton
784:Meek v. Pittenger
712:Lemon v. Kurtzman
520:Lynch v. Donnelly
512:Marsh v. Chambers
328:William Rehnquist
291:Lemon v. Kurtzman
192:
191:
152:William Rehnquist
132:Thurgood Marshall
6127:
6110:Religious policy
6095:1982 in religion
5989:Cox v. Louisiana
5924:
5923:
5692:NAACP v. Alabama
5665:
5664:
5652:
5651:
5574:
5573:
5561:
5560:
5132:Prior restraints
5128:
5127:
5115:
5114:
5071:Turner v. Safley
4953:Hartman v. Moore
4900:Marsh v. Alabama
4849:Buckley v. Valeo
4833:NAACP v. Alabama
4825:Anonymous speech
4718:McConnell v. FEC
4606:Buckley v. Valeo
4595:Campaign finance
4082:Kunz v. New York
3893:Connick v. Myers
3829:Public employees
3533:Rust v. Sullivan
3481:
3480:
3219:Compelled speech
3089:Hill v. Colorado
2977:Cox v. Louisiana
2914:
2913:
2744:Texas v. Johnson
2168:Snyder v. Phelps
1899:
1898:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1868:
1867:
1807:Tanzin v. Tanvir
1791:Zubik v. Burwell
1762:
1761:
1673:
1672:
1649:Tandon v. Newsom
1529:McDaniel v. Paty
1465:Kunz v. New York
1425:Jamison v. Texas
1376:
1375:
1300:McDaniel v. Paty
832:Mueller v. Allen
800:Wolman v. Walter
568:Salazar v. Buono
499:
498:
486:
485:
470:
463:
456:
447:
446:
428:
427:
413:
396:
395:
381:
324:Warren E. Burger
112:Warren E. Burger
101:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
20:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6059:
5965:NAACP v. Button
5931:
5910:
5835:
5760:
5741:
5722:
5708:NAACP v. Button
5659:
5638:
5607:
5601:
5568:
5547:
5512:
5458:Broadcast media
5453:
5450:(9th Cir. 2014)
5336:
5281:
5275:
5240:
5234:Tory v. Cochran
5170:Tucker v. Texas
5134:
5122:
5101:
5042:
5015:
4993:Egbert v. Boule
4938:
4924:Lindke v. Freed
4887:
4820:
4710:FEC v. Beaumont
4597:
4589:
4583:Vidal v. Elster
4168:
4106:NAACP v. Button
4049:
4043:
4013:Ex parte Curtis
4004:
3995:
3824:
3695:
3642:
3636:Vidal v. Elster
3578:
3571:
3516:
3506:
3479:
3473:Janus v. AFSCME
3457:Harris v. Quinn
3433:Locke v. Karass
3320:
3314:
3209:
3163:Brown v. Glines
3146:
3140:
3109:
3103:
2918:
2912:
2873:
2872:Content-neutral
2867:
2788:
2782:
2687:
2685:Symbolic speech
2679:
2657:Smith v. Goguen
2646:
2638:
2615:Strict scrutiny
2605:
2583:Osborne v. Ohio
2566:
2565:Speech integral
2560:
2525:(9th Cir. 2009)
2517:(6th Cir. 2009)
2501:(S.D.N.Y. 2005)
2429:(7th Cir. 1985)
2245:(S.D.N.Y. 1933)
2219:
2174:
2092:
2083:
2042:
2033:
2027:Hess v. Indiana
1971:Fiske v. Kansas
1926:(S.D.N.Y. 1917)
1905:
1893:
1882:
1875:
1850:
1813:
1753:
1716:
1710:Carson v. Makin
1677:
1671:
1449:Tucker v. Texas
1401:Davis v. Beason
1383:
1362:
1356:Trump v. Hawaii
1308:Harris v. McRae
1279:
1236:
1193:
1123:Watson v. Jones
1110:
1051:
989:Stone v. Graham
965:Engel v. Vitale
940:
934:
928:Carson v. Makin
667:
596:
590:
503:
502:Public displays
493:
480:
474:
437:
432:
431:
414:
399:
382:
371:
366:
313:
218:
156:John P. Stevens
154:
142:
130:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6133:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6049:
6041:
6033:
6025:
6021:Meyer v. Grant
6017:
6009:
6001:
5993:
5985:
5977:
5969:
5961:
5953:
5945:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5900:
5892:
5884:
5876:
5868:
5860:
5852:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5825:
5817:
5809:
5801:
5793:
5785:
5777:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5730:
5728:
5727:Future Conduct
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5712:
5704:
5696:
5688:
5680:
5671:
5669:
5661:
5660:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5628:
5620:
5611:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5582:
5580:
5570:
5569:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5537:
5529:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5502:
5494:
5486:
5478:
5470:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5411:
5403:
5395:
5387:
5379:
5371:
5363:
5355:
5346:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5326:
5318:
5310:
5302:
5294:
5285:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5265:
5257:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5230:
5222:
5214:
5206:
5198:
5190:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5158:
5150:
5141:
5139:
5124:
5123:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:Beard v. Banks
5091:
5083:
5079:Shaw v. Murphy
5075:
5067:
5059:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5032:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4948:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4928:
4920:
4912:
4904:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4877:
4869:
4861:
4853:
4845:
4837:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4642:
4634:
4626:
4618:
4610:
4601:
4599:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4178:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4053:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4008:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3973:Lane v. Franks
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3861:Elrod v. Burns
3857:
3849:
3841:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3738:Healy v. James
3734:
3722:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3652:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3496:
3487:
3485:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2924:
2922:
2911:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2691:
2689:
2688:versus conduct
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2652:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2095:heckler's veto
2089:Fighting words
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2011:
2003:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1896:
1884:
1883:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1686:Locke v. Davey
1681:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1206:Flast v. Cohen
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1021:Lee v. Weisman
1017:
1009:
1001:
993:
985:
977:
969:
961:
953:
944:
942:
941:public schools
936:
935:
933:
932:
924:
916:
908:
900:
892:
884:
876:
868:
860:
852:
844:
836:
828:
820:
812:
804:
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
760:Sloan v. Lemon
756:
748:
744:Hunt v. McNair
740:
732:
724:
716:
708:
700:
696:Flast v. Cohen
692:
684:
675:
673:
672:Public funding
669:
668:
666:
665:
657:
649:
641:
633:
625:
617:
609:
600:
598:
592:
591:
589:
588:
580:
572:
564:
556:
548:
540:
532:
524:
516:
507:
505:
504:and ceremonies
495:
494:
482:
481:
473:
472:
465:
458:
450:
444:
443:
436:
435:External links
433:
430:
429:
397:
368:
367:
365:
362:
357:
356:
348:
340:
312:
309:
217:
214:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
169:
168:
167:
166:
140:Harry Blackmun
117:
114:
109:
103:
102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6132:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:Organizations
5666:
5662:
5658:
5653:
5649:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5597:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5578:Incorporation
5575:
5571:
5567:
5562:
5558:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5278:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:Licensing and
4046:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3701:School speech
3698:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3648:Loyalty oaths
3645:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:and subsidies
3513:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:Boos v. Barry
2810:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:Content-based
2785:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:Bond v. Floyd
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:Holt v. Hobbs
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:Jones v. Wolf
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
990:
986:
983:
982:
978:
975:
974:
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
950:
946:
945:
943:
937:
930:
929:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
913:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
857:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
841:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
825:
821:
818:
817:
813:
810:
809:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
777:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
761:
757:
754:
753:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
737:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
676:
674:
670:
663:
662:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
646:
642:
639:
638:
634:
631:
630:
626:
623:
622:
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
606:
602:
601:
599:
593:
586:
585:
581:
578:
577:
573:
570:
569:
565:
562:
561:
557:
554:
553:
549:
546:
545:
541:
538:
537:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
513:
509:
508:
506:
500:
496:
492:
487:
483:
478:
471:
466:
464:
459:
457:
452:
451:
448:
442:
439:
438:
426:(4): 865–892.
425:
421:
420:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
393:
389:
388:
380:
378:
376:
374:
369:
361:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
311:Supreme Court
308:
306:
305:
300:
295:
293:
292:
287:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
259:
257:
253:
249:
248:Grendel's Den
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
222:
213:
211:
206:
202:
198:
197:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:Case opinions
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:Chief Justice
107:
106:
104:
99:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
6051:
6043:
6035:
6027:
6019:
6011:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5979:
5971:
5963:
5955:
5947:
5939:
5902:
5894:
5886:
5878:
5870:
5862:
5854:
5846:
5827:
5819:
5811:
5803:
5795:
5787:
5779:
5771:
5754:In re Primus
5752:
5746:Solicitation
5733:
5714:
5706:
5698:
5690:
5682:
5674:
5630:
5622:
5614:
5593:
5585:
5539:
5531:
5523:
5504:
5496:
5488:
5480:
5472:
5464:
5445:
5437:
5429:
5421:
5413:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5381:
5373:
5365:
5357:
5349:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:Taxation and
5267:
5259:
5251:
5232:
5224:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5192:
5184:
5176:
5168:
5160:
5152:
5144:
5093:
5085:
5077:
5069:
5061:
5053:
5034:
5026:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4969:Wood v. Moss
4967:
4959:
4951:
4930:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4892:State action
4879:
4871:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4750:Davis v. FEC
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4559:Matal v. Tam
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4311:In re R.M.J.
4309:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4263:In re Primus
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4005:similar laws
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3604:Matal v. Tam
3602:
3594:
3586:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3498:
3490:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3110:public forum
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2937:Hague v. CIO
2935:
2927:
2920:public forum
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2874:restrictions
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2789:restrictions
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2630:
2622:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2450:Reno v. ACLU
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2180:True threats
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2044:false speech
2025:
2013:
2005:
1993:
1990:(1955; 1961)
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1569:Bowen v. Roy
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1513:Cruz v. Beto
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
979:
971:
963:
955:
947:
926:
918:
910:
902:
894:
886:
878:
870:
862:
854:
846:
838:
830:
822:
814:
806:
798:
790:
782:
774:
766:
758:
750:
742:
734:
726:
718:
710:
702:
694:
686:
678:
659:
651:
643:
635:
627:
619:
611:
603:
582:
574:
566:
558:
550:
542:
534:
526:
518:
510:
423:
417:
394:(1): 87–101.
391:
385:
358:
351:
343:
331:
319:
317:
314:
302:
296:
289:
283:
260:
246:
219:
195:
194:
193:
159:
147:
135:
123:
81:
53:
15:
6045:Doe v. Reed
5226:Lowe v. SEC
4873:Doe v. Reed
2644:Overbreadth
2437:(Cal. 1988)
1892:Unprotected
939:Religion in
280:Sherman Act
225:"blue laws"
205:liquor laws
128:Byron White
6074:Categories
5342:Defamation
5282:privileges
5137:censorship
3579:as speaker
3577:Government
3108:Designated
2039:Defamation
1903:Incitement
597:exemptions
364:References
216:Background
60:Docket no.
4001:Hatch Act
3145:Nonpublic
2648:Vagueness
2225:Obscenity
1241:Blue laws
188:Rehnquist
70:Citations
5020:Boycotts
1908:sedition
479:case law
339:hearing.
274:and the
177:Majority
5245:Privacy
5047:Prisons
3729:(1969,
2018:(1969,
1998:(1957,
347:manner.
320:en banc
304:en banc
229:Puritan
185:Dissent
91:Holding
6056:(2011)
6048:(2010)
6040:(2002)
6032:(1999)
6024:(1988)
6016:(1985)
6008:(1979)
6000:(1972)
5992:(1965)
5984:(1965)
5976:(1963)
5968:(1963)
5960:(1961)
5952:(1945)
5944:(1876)
5907:(2008)
5899:(2008)
5891:(2005)
5883:(2000)
5875:(1997)
5867:(1986)
5859:(1981)
5851:(1975)
5832:(2010)
5824:(2000)
5816:(1995)
5808:(1989)
5800:(1988)
5792:(1987)
5784:(1984)
5776:(1984)
5757:(1978)
5738:(1964)
5719:(2021)
5711:(1963)
5703:(1960)
5695:(1958)
5687:(1957)
5679:(1951)
5635:(2021)
5627:(1945)
5619:(1937)
5598:(1886)
5590:(1876)
5544:(2003)
5536:(1985)
5528:(1977)
5509:(2001)
5501:(1997)
5493:(1996)
5485:(1981)
5477:(1978)
5469:(1969)
5442:(1990)
5434:(1989)
5426:(1988)
5418:(1985)
5410:(1985)
5402:(1984)
5394:(1976)
5386:(1974)
5378:(1970)
5370:(1967)
5362:(1964)
5354:(1952)
5333:(1991)
5325:(1987)
5317:(1983)
5309:(1978)
5301:(1972)
5293:(1936)
5272:(1989)
5264:(1975)
5256:(1967)
5237:(2005)
5229:(1985)
5221:(1978)
5213:(1976)
5205:(1974)
5197:(1971)
5189:(1965)
5181:(1946)
5173:(1946)
5165:(1938)
5157:(1931)
5149:(1907)
5098:(2006)
5090:(2003)
5082:(2001)
5074:(1987)
5066:(1977)
5058:(1974)
5039:(1990)
5031:(1982)
5012:(2024)
5004:(2024)
4996:(2022)
4988:(2019)
4980:(2018)
4972:(2014)
4964:(2012)
4956:(2006)
4935:(2024)
4927:(2024)
4919:(2019)
4911:(1972)
4903:(1946)
4884:(2021)
4876:(2010)
4868:(1995)
4860:(1982)
4852:(1976)
4844:(1960)
4836:(1958)
4817:(2022)
4809:(2019)
4801:(2015)
4793:(2014)
4785:(2012)
4777:(2011)
4769:(2011)
4761:(2010)
4753:(2008)
4745:(2007)
4737:(2006)
4729:(2006)
4721:(2003)
4713:(2003)
4705:(2002)
4697:(2001)
4689:(2000)
4681:(1996)
4673:(1990)
4665:(1989)
4657:(1986)
4649:(1985)
4641:(1982)
4633:(1981)
4625:(1981)
4617:(1978)
4609:(1976)
4586:(2024)
4578:(2020)
4570:(2019)
4562:(2017)
4554:(2017)
4546:(2011)
4538:(2010)
4530:(2010)
4522:(2007)
4514:(2005)
4506:(2003)
4498:(2002)
4490:(2001)
4482:(2001)
4474:(1999)
4466:(1999)
4458:(1997)
4450:(1996)
4442:(1995)
4434:(1995)
4426:(1995)
4418:(1994)
4410:(1993)
4402:(1993)
4394:(1993)
4386:(1990)
4378:(1989)
4370:(1988)
4362:(1988)
4354:(1987)
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4314:(1982)
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4234:(1976)
4226:(1975)
4218:(1975)
4210:(1974)
4202:(1973)
4194:(1970)
4186:(1942)
4165:(1992)
4157:(1988)
4149:(1982)
4141:(1981)
4133:(1967)
4125:(1965)
4117:(1964)
4109:(1963)
4101:(1957)
4093:(1952)
4085:(1951)
4077:(1943)
4069:(1941)
4061:(1915)
4040:(1973)
4032:(1973)
4024:(1947)
4016:(1882)
3992:(2022)
3984:(2016)
3976:(2014)
3968:(2011)
3960:(2007)
3952:(2006)
3944:(2001)
3936:(1996)
3928:(1995)
3920:(1994)
3912:(1990)
3904:(1987)
3896:(1983)
3888:(1979)
3880:(1979)
3872:(1977)
3864:(1976)
3856:(1974)
3848:(1972)
3840:(1968)
3821:(2021)
3813:(2021)
3805:(2007)
3797:(2007)
3789:(2001)
3781:(1995)
3773:(1990)
3765:(1988)
3757:(1986)
3749:(1982)
3741:(1972)
3721:(1943)
3713:(1940)
3692:(1974)
3684:(1967)
3676:(1958)
3668:(1951)
3660:(1950)
3639:(2024)
3631:(2022)
3623:(2022)
3615:(2019)
3607:(2017)
3599:(2015)
3591:(2009)
3568:(2020)
3560:(2013)
3552:(2001)
3544:(1998)
3536:(1991)
3528:(1983)
3503:(1984)
3495:(1944)
3476:(2018)
3468:(2016)
3460:(2014)
3452:(2012)
3444:(2009)
3436:(2008)
3428:(2007)
3420:(2005)
3412:(2001)
3404:(2000)
3396:(1997)
3388:(1991)
3380:(1990)
3372:(1988)
3364:(1986)
3356:(1984)
3348:(1977)
3340:(1961)
3332:(1956)
3311:(2024)
3303:(2023)
3295:(2018)
3287:(2006)
3279:(1995)
3271:(1986)
3263:(1980)
3255:(1977)
3247:(1974)
3239:(1943)
3231:(1940)
3206:(2018)
3198:(1997)
3190:(1992)
3182:(1985)
3174:(1983)
3166:(1980)
3158:(1974)
3137:(2021)
3129:(1995)
3121:(1981)
3100:(2014)
3092:(2000)
3084:(1997)
3076:(1994)
3068:(1992)
3060:(1989)
3052:(1988)
3044:(1984)
3036:(1983)
3028:(1981)
3020:(1971)
3012:(1971)
3004:(1968)
2996:(1966)
2988:(1966)
2980:(1965)
2972:(1963)
2964:(1951)
2956:(1943)
2948:(1940)
2940:(1939)
2932:(1897)
2917:In the
2909:(2017)
2901:(1994)
2893:(1986)
2885:(1939)
2864:(2022)
2856:(2020)
2848:(2015)
2840:(1992)
2832:(1991)
2824:(1990)
2816:(1988)
2808:(1981)
2800:(1965)
2779:(2003)
2771:(2000)
2763:(1991)
2755:(1990)
2747:(1989)
2739:(1989)
2731:(1984)
2723:(1974)
2715:(1971)
2707:(1968)
2699:(1931)
2676:(2018)
2668:(1987)
2660:(1974)
2635:(2015)
2627:(2010)
2602:(2023)
2594:(2002)
2586:(1990)
2578:(1982)
2557:(2025)
2549:(2012)
2541:(2011)
2533:(2010)
2509:(2008)
2493:(2004)
2485:(2003)
2477:(2002)
2469:(2002)
2461:(2000)
2453:(1997)
2445:(1994)
2421:(1980)
2413:(1976)
2405:(1975)
2397:(1975)
2389:(1974)
2381:(1973)
2373:(1973)
2365:(1973)
2357:(1972)
2349:(1971)
2341:(1969)
2333:(1968)
2325:(1967)
2317:(1966)
2309:(1966)
2301:(1964)
2293:(1964)
2285:(1962)
2277:(1961)
2269:(1959)
2261:(1958)
2253:(1957)
2237:(1896)
2216:(2023)
2208:(2015)
2200:(2003)
2192:(1969)
2171:(2011)
2163:(1992)
2155:(1977)
2147:(1971)
2139:(1969)
2131:(1951)
2123:(1949)
2115:(1942)
2107:(1940)
2080:(2014)
2072:(2012)
2064:(1988)
2056:(1964)
2030:(1973)
2010:(1966)
1982:(1951)
1974:(1927)
1966:(1927)
1958:(1925)
1950:(1919)
1942:(1919)
1934:(1919)
1918:(1798)
1894:speech
1878:portal
1847:(2022)
1839:(2015)
1831:(2011)
1819:RLUIPA
1810:(2020)
1802:(2020)
1794:(2016)
1786:(2014)
1778:(2006)
1750:(2020)
1742:(2012)
1734:(1979)
1713:(2022)
1705:(2020)
1697:(2017)
1689:(2004)
1668:(2022)
1660:(2021)
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1636:(2018)
1628:(2002)
1620:(1993)
1612:(1990)
1604:(1989)
1596:(1989)
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1564:(1983)
1556:(1982)
1548:(1981)
1540:(1981)
1532:(1978)
1524:(1972)
1516:(1972)
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1500:(1961)
1492:(1961)
1484:(1961)
1476:(1953)
1468:(1951)
1460:(1951)
1452:(1946)
1444:(1944)
1436:(1943)
1428:(1943)
1420:(1940)
1412:(1940)
1404:(1890)
1396:(1879)
1359:(2018)
1351:(1994)
1343:(1989)
1335:(1988)
1327:(1982)
1319:(1982)
1311:(1980)
1303:(1978)
1295:(1961)
1276:(1985)
1268:(1961)
1260:(1961)
1252:(1961)
1233:(2011)
1225:(2007)
1217:(1982)
1209:(1968)
1190:(2020)
1182:(1979)
1174:(1976)
1166:(1969)
1158:(1960)
1150:(1952)
1142:(1944)
1134:(1929)
1126:(1872)
1107:(2022)
1099:(2022)
1091:(2001)
1083:(1995)
1075:(1995)
1067:(1993)
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1040:(2004)
1032:(2000)
1024:(1992)
1016:(1990)
1008:(1987)
1000:(1985)
992:(1980)
984:(1968)
976:(1963)
968:(1962)
960:(1952)
952:(1948)
931:(2022)
923:(2020)
915:(2017)
907:(2011)
899:(2002)
891:(2000)
883:(1997)
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859:(1986)
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771:(1974)
763:(1973)
755:(1973)
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739:(1973)
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715:(1971)
707:(1968)
699:(1968)
691:(1947)
683:(1930)
664:(2005)
656:(1997)
648:(1989)
640:(1987)
632:(1985)
624:(1983)
616:(1982)
608:(1970)
587:(2019)
579:(2014)
571:(2010)
563:(2009)
555:(2005)
547:(2005)
539:(1989)
531:(1985)
523:(1984)
515:(1983)
355:faith.
162:
160:·
158:
150:
148:·
146:
138:
136:·
134:
126:
124:·
122:
64:81-878
3147:forum
1284:Other
352:Lemon
344:Lemon
332:Lemon
5135:and
2093:the
1906:and
1766:RFRA
83:more
75:U.S.
73:459
4003:and
2091:and
2041:and
78:116
6076::
424:25
422:.
400:^
392:59
390:.
372:^
3733:)
2022:)
2002:)
1880:)
1876:(
469:e
462:t
455:v
86:)
80:(
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