132:. Creek and Seminole tribes were granted area known before the Land Run as the Unassigned Lands. Some American Indian tribes signed a treaty of alliance with the Confederacy in 1861. Initially considered unsuitable for white colonization, Indian Territory was thought to be an ideal place to relocate Native Americans who were removed from their traditional lands to make way for white settlement. The relocations began in 1817, and by the 1880s, Indian Territory was a new home to a variety of tribes, including the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, Cheyenne, Comanche, and Apache.
22:
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lands. Each run had exhibited many problems and the
Federal Government deemed the run to be an inefficient way to distribute land to would-be settlers. After 1895, the government distributed land by sealed-bid auctions. Major openings by this method included Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation (1901),
48:
on a first-arrival basis. Lands were opened and sold first-come or by bid, or won by lottery, or by means other than a run. The settlers, no matter how they acquired occupancy, purchased the land from the
252:, Oklahoma City. To be completed at a future date the monument covers approximately 365 feet (111 m), making it overall one of the largest bronze sculptures in the world.
124:
The nearly two million acres of land opened up to white settlement was located in Indian
Territory, a large area that once encompassed much of modern-day Oklahoma. The
155:
lands to settlement. The land run opened 6,097 plots of 160 acres (65 ha) each of former reservation land. On the following day, a land run was held to settle
53:. For former Indian lands, the Land Office distributed the sales funds to the various tribal entities, according to previously negotiated terms. The Oklahoma
248:. As Moore completed elements of the 45-piece monument, such as horses and riders, wagons and horse teams, dogs, and others, they were installed in lower
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Land Run. It opened 8,144,682.91 acres (12,726 square miles or about 3.3 million hectares) to settlement. The land was purchased from the
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was the largest. The opening of the former
Kickapoo area in 1895 was the last use of a land run in the present area of
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There was one land run in the 20th century, but on a much smaller scale, held to select lots in the community of
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In honor of
Oklahoma's Centennial of statehood, sculptor Paul Moore won the commission for the Oklahoma
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Maps of
Oklahoma and Indian Territory in the Oklahoma State University Digital Maps Collection
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89:. Seven land runs in all took place in Oklahoma, beginning with the initial and most famous
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93:, which gave rise to the terms "Eighty-Niner" (a veteran of that run) and "
205:. It was the largest land run in U.S. history, four times larger than the
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286:, also known as the Cherokee Strip Land Run, was portrayed in the films
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the
Wichita-Caddo Reservation (1901), and the Big Pasture (1906).
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81:—into the central area of what would become the U.S. state of
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167:. On September 28, 1891, another land run was held to settle
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40:
was an event in which previously restricted land of the
261:
The 1889 and 1893 Oklahoma Land Runs were portrayed in
85:, Congress finally agreed to open what was dubbed the
419:, City of Oklahoma City. (accessed October 6, 2013)
25:The only photo of a Land run in progress, taken in
57:was the most prominent of the land runs while the
3134:
447:Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 (Cornell University)
73:After years of raids—led by the leaders of the
483:
376:
370:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.
354:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
345:
340:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
298:(1992) and was also depicted in 1969 novel
16:Opening of land to settlers in U.S. history
490:
476:
361:
279:films of the same name based on the novel.
318:
316:
20:
3168:Settlement schemes in the United States
220:The final land run in Oklahoma was the
211:Cherokee Strip Regional Heritage Center
3135:
3163:Aboriginal title in the United States
3158:History of United States expansionism
2253:
2069:Bibliography of the American frontier
497:
471:
313:
255:
159:, the pre-designated location of the
2125:Cuisine of the Western United States
323:Oklahoma Land Run Openings 1889–1907
13:
1861:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City
426:
352:Everett, Dianna. "Land Openings."
14:
3179:
2109:Timeline of the American Old West
440:
382:
51:United States General Land Office
3153:Agriculture in the United States
3117:
3116:
454:, Oklahoma City Official Website
1765:First transcontinental railroad
342:, 2009. Accessed March 1, 2015.
434:The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889
403:
328:
213:museum at the eastern edge of
195:Land Run of September 16, 1893
163:of County B, later renamed as
137:Land Run of September 22, 1891
128:of 1830 eventually led to the
68:
1:
3148:History of Oklahoma Territory
306:
1940:Battle of the Little Bighorn
410:Centennial Land Run Monument
246:Centennial Land Run Monument
97:." That area led to today's
7:
1965:First Battle of Adobe Walls
1909:Long Branch Saloon gunfight
1904:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
373:Accessed September 1, 2016.
325:(accessed October 6, 2013).
91:Land Rush of April 22, 1889
10:
3184:
1720:Great Western Cattle Trail
452:"Land Run Monument" photos
180:Land Run of April 19, 1892
77:activist movement such as
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2003:
1922:
1879:
1841:
1808:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
1773:
1680:
1630:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
1545:
1435:
1352:Frederick Russell Burnham
1342:
1192:
1086:
955:
792:
785:
512:
505:
239:
217:commemorates this event.
1149:"Mysterious Dave" Mather
368:Young, Roy B. "Apache,"
1950:Battle of Washita River
1935:Battle of Glorieta Pass
1813:Lost Ship of the Desert
1755:Southern Emigrant Trail
1715:Great Platte River Road
1382:George Armstrong Custer
1174:William "Bill" Tilghman
687:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)
358:Accessed July 22, 2016.
2160:Rocky Mountain oysters
415:June 18, 2013, at the
300:The Thundering Prairie
121:counties of Oklahoma.
29:
1995:Wounded Knee Massacre
1945:Battle of San Jacinto
1914:Variety Hall shootout
1889:Battle of Coffeyville
1871:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
1851:Black Hills Gold Rush
1528:Thomas William Sweeny
1392:Samuel P. Heintzelman
1169:John Horton Slaughter
1063:Richens Lacey Wootton
597:Five Civilized Tribes
24:
3050:Washington Territory
2790:New Mexico Territory
2155:Pacific Northwestern
2074:Cowboys and cowgirls
1856:California Gold Rush
1833:Seven Cities of Gold
1818:Montezuma's treasure
1625:One-room schoolhouse
1473:George E. Goodfellow
1367:Texas Jack Omohundro
1210:"Curly Bill" Brocius
1008:Liver-Eating Johnson
983:Tomás VĂ©lez CachupĂn
537:Assiniboine (Nakota)
463:Land Runs, Women In.
2038:Pleasant Valley War
1980:Sand Creek massacre
1930:Battle of the Alamo
1803:Long Tom's treasure
1498:Octaviano Larrazolo
1412:Ranald S. Mackenzie
1362:"Buffalo Bill" Cody
1073:"Old Bill" Williams
1023:William John Murphy
336:Settlement Patterns
334:Green, Donald E., "
165:Pottawatomie County
2863:Oklahoma Territory
2048:Sutton–Taylor feud
2028:Lincoln County War
2023:Johnson County War
1923:Military conflicts
1866:Klondike Gold Rush
1667:Westward expansion
1488:Zephaniah Kingsley
1262:John Wesley Hardin
1159:George Scarborough
1139:"Wild Bill" Hickok
1028:John Wesley Powell
256:In popular culture
126:Indian Removal Act
30:
3130:
3129:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3083:Wyoming Territory
2651:Montana Territory
2487:Florida Territory
2300:Arizona Territory
2187:Western lifestyle
2018:Earp-Clanton feud
1960:ChimayĂł Rebellion
1894:Battle of Lincoln
1700:Butterfield Trail
1650:Vigilante justice
1541:
1540:
1468:John Joel Glanton
1453:Jonathan R. Davis
1448:William H. Boring
1053:Trinidad Swilling
642:Lenape (Delaware)
567:Chippewa (Ojibwe)
499:American frontier
302:by M. A. Hancock.
271:, as well as the
207:Land Rush of 1889
197:was known as the
55:Land Rush of 1889
3175:
3120:
3119:
2931:Oregon Territory
2868:Indian Territory
2434:Dakota Territory
2258:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2150:New Mexico chile
2033:Mason County War
1990:Texas Revolution
1955:Bear Flag Revolt
1705:California Trail
1615:Manifest destiny
1547:Frontier culture
1443:John Jacob Astor
1417:Charley Reynolds
1317:Younger Brothers
1297:Joaquin Murrieta
1184:Harry C. Wheeler
1179:James Timberlake
1068:Henry Wickenburg
1013:Meriwether Lewis
932:Touch the Clouds
794:Native Americans
790:
789:
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391:. Crown Arts Inc
389:crownartsinc.com
380:
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284:Land Run of 1893
222:Land Run of 1895
87:Unassigned Lands
59:Land Run of 1893
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2535:Idaho Territory
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2140:Native American
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2064:Arizona Rangers
2052:
2007:
1999:
1918:
1899:Frisco shootout
1875:
1837:
1783:Dead man's hand
1769:
1682:
1676:
1672:Wild West shows
1580:Cattle rustling
1537:
1523:Sedona Schnebly
1508:Sylvester Mowry
1431:
1422:Philip Sheridan
1372:James C. Cooney
1344:
1338:
1230:Dalton Brothers
1188:
1099:Charlie Bassett
1082:
1003:John C. Frémont
957:
951:
917:Snapping Turtle
781:
732:Southern Paiute
697:Pend d'Oreilles
682:Northern Paiute
508:
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427:Further reading
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417:Wayback Machine
408:
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265:'s 1929 novel,
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1655:Western saloon
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3091:Fort Bridger
2876:Broken Arrow
2627:Independence
2224:Cowboy boots
2219:Western wear
2099:Mountain men
1760:Tanner Trail
1745:Pony Express
1740:Oregon Trail
1735:Mormon Trail
1609:
1605:Homesteading
1570:Cattle drive
1533:Peter Lebeck
1518:Annie Oakley
1478:Doc Holliday
1407:Luther Kelly
1387:Alexis Godey
1377:George Crook
1312:Sundance Kid
1267:Johnny Ringo
1257:Bill Downing
1038:Levi Ruggles
998:Donner Party
973:John Bozeman
968:Daniel Boone
907:Sitting Bull
882:Plenty Coups
817:Chief Joseph
812:Bloody Knife
807:Black Kettle
507:1776 to 1912
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2959:Oregon City
2954:McMinnville
2881:Fort Gibson
2813:Fort Sumner
2803:Albuquerque
2770:Carson City
2674:Fort Benton
2632:Kansas City
2604:Leavenworth
2525:Tallahassee
2376:Los Angeles
2361:Bakersfield
2338:Window Rock
2145:New Mexican
2135:Californian
2084:Ghost towns
1975:Mexican War
1970:Indian Wars
1843:Gold rushes
1823:Paul Bunyan
1730:Meek Cutoff
1690:Barlow Road
1560:Barbed wire
1493:Seth Kinman
1307:Soapy Smith
1302:Belle Starr
1292:Tom McLaury
1282:Tom Ketchum
1277:Frank James
1272:Jesse James
1252:Bill Doolin
1225:Ike Clanton
1164:John Selman
1154:Bass Reeves
1129:Pat Garrett
1114:Virgil Earp
1109:Morgan Earp
1094:Elfego Baca
1033:Juan Rivera
978:Jim Bridger
857:Ganundalegi
842:Crazy Snake
837:Crazy Horse
432:Stan Hoig.
385:"Monuments"
292:(1925) and
289:Tumbleweeds
263:Edna Ferber
161:county seat
145:Sac and Fox
69:In Oklahoma
3137:Categories
3007:Fort Worth
2944:The Dalles
2911:Tishomingo
2798:Alamogordo
2689:Livingston
2669:Deer Lodge
2589:Dodge City
2543:Fort Boise
2500:Negro Fort
2467:Rapid City
2462:Pine Ridge
2457:Fort Yates
2381:Sacramento
2353:California
2313:Fort Grant
2229:Cowboy hat
2197:New Mexico
2177:Weird West
2130:Chuckwagon
2043:Sheep Wars
2005:Range wars
1828:Pecos Bill
1798:Johnny Kaw
1793:John Henry
1788:Dime novel
1683:and trails
1660:Tack piano
1640:Stagecoach
1595:Ghost town
1357:Kit Carson
1345:and scouts
1205:Black Bart
1119:Wyatt Earp
847:Dasoda-hae
832:Crazy Bear
802:Black Hawk
307:References
149:Potawatomi
107:Kingfisher
3143:Land runs
3073:Vancouver
2949:La Grande
2916:Tuskahoma
2906:Tahlequah
2886:Fort Sill
2853:Tucumcari
2823:Las Vegas
2752:Whiteclay
2747:Valentine
2679:Fort Peck
2637:St. Louis
2594:Ellsworth
2548:Fort Hall
2520:St. Marks
2505:Pensacola
2419:Telluride
2386:San Diego
2371:Jamestown
2328:Tombstone
2270:Anchorage
2118:Influence
2089:Gunfights
1881:Gunfights
1725:Lolo Pass
1681:Transport
1620:Moonshine
1610:Land rush
1600:Gunfights
1590:Fast draw
1565:Boot Hill
1463:C. S. Fly
1427:Al Sieber
1134:Jack Helm
1018:Joe Mayer
956:Explorers
927:Ten Bears
912:Smallwood
897:Sacagawea
892:Red Cloud
872:Manuelito
867:Kiliahote
717:Seminoles
677:Nez Perce
542:Blackfoot
395:March 13,
250:Bricktown
203:Cherokees
103:Cleveland
46:homestead
38:land rush
3122:Category
3012:Gonzales
2964:Portland
2901:Pawhuska
2896:Okmulgee
2848:Santa Fe
2838:Mogollon
2808:Cimarron
2737:Ogallala
2709:Nebraska
2694:Missoula
2659:Billings
2619:Missouri
2558:Illinois
2447:Deadwood
2442:Bismarck
2424:Trinidad
2401:Colorado
2318:Prescott
2275:Iditarod
2202:Red Dirt
1775:Folklore
1585:Cow town
1503:Nat Love
1397:Tom Horn
1343:Soldiers
1104:Roy Bean
960:pioneers
947:Washakie
942:Victorio
852:Geronimo
827:Degataga
722:Shoshone
667:Muscogee
652:Maricopa
627:Kumeyaay
617:Kickapoo
612:Hualapai
582:Comanche
557:Cheyenne
547:Cahuilla
413:Archived
268:Cimarron
226:Kickapoo
184:Cheyenne
169:Chandler
157:Tecumseh
115:Oklahoma
99:Canadian
83:Oklahoma
63:Oklahoma
34:land run
3068:Seattle
3058:Everett
3017:Lubbock
3002:El Paso
2997:Abilene
2939:Astoria
2843:Roswell
2833:Mesilla
2828:Lincoln
2717:Chadron
2664:Bozeman
2609:Wichita
2584:Abilene
2477:Yankton
2323:Phoenix
2290:Skagway
2165:Tex-Mex
2104:Outlaws
1193:Outlaws
902:Seattle
862:Irataba
822:Cochise
772:Yavapai
742:Tonkawa
702:Pequots
632:Kutenai
602:Hidatsa
577:Cocopah
562:Chinook
532:Arikara
527:Arapaho
234:Arcadia
190:lands.
188:Arapaho
153:Shawnee
75:Boomers
2992:Austin
2921:Wewoka
2818:Gallup
2762:Nevada
2684:Helena
2576:Kansas
2495:Angola
2414:Denver
2409:Creede
2366:Fresno
2333:Tucson
2285:Seward
2262:Alaska
2254:Places
2207:Tejano
2094:Lawmen
1436:Others
1246:Emmett
1087:Lawmen
877:Massai
762:Yakama
757:Washoe
747:Umpqua
712:Pueblo
692:Pawnee
672:Navajo
662:Mohave
647:Mandan
637:Lakota
592:Dakota
552:Cayuse
522:Apache
436:(1989)
240:Legacy
209:. The
151:, and
117:, and
95:Sooner
2984:Texas
2969:Salem
2742:Omaha
2452:Fargo
2234:Jeans
2079:Gangs
2057:Lists
2010:feuds
1635:Rodeo
767:Yaqui
727:Sioux
657:Modoc
622:Kiowa
572:Caddo
119:Payne
111:Logan
2974:Vale
2866:and
2780:Reno
2599:Hays
2343:Yuma
2280:Nome
2008:and
1333:John
1321:Cole
1238:Bill
1234:Grat
958:and
937:Tuvi
707:Pima
607:Hopi
587:Crow
397:2015
282:The
277:1960
275:and
273:1931
193:The
186:and
178:The
141:Iowa
135:The
27:1893
1329:Jim
1325:Bob
1242:Bob
752:Ute
338:,"
36:or
3139::
1331:,
1327:,
1323:,
1244:,
1240:,
1236:,
387:.
315:^
175:.
147:,
143:,
113:,
109:,
105:,
101:,
65:.
32:A
1335:)
1319:(
1248:)
1232:(
491:e
484:t
477:v
399:.
356:.
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