Kyriakos Pittakis - Knowledge

1703: 455: 1261: 653: 1376: 1765: 808: 523: 1303:). He established additional collections of antiquities in the major monuments of the site, as well as in cisterns and cellars, most of which were in locked storerooms to which only he had keys, and to which nobody was permitted access except in his presence. A substantial problem was the habit of visitors, especially sailors from the harbour of Piraeus, of chipping away pieces from the ancient structures, particularly the Erechtheion: to combat this, Pittakis had the whole temple clad in a protective layer of stone. By 1850, there were ten secure locations on the Acropolis in which antiquities were stored, though scattered sculptural remains continued to be found around the site into the 1870s. 341: 1679:, which granted him the title of corresponding member in 1853. He has been praised as the first Greek scholar to make substantial use of epigraphy in reconstructing the classical past, for his efforts in preserving objects and the texts of inscriptions which would otherwise have been lost, and for his energetic approach to the excavation and conservation of Greece's ancient monuments. His published work remains an important source for the study of Athenian history and epigraphy. Papazarkadas has suggested that Pittakis may have published more inscriptions than any other epigrapher in history, while Petrakos has credited him (along with Rangavis and 569:, which Pittakis refused. Pittakis later recalled that Kapodistrias had advised him to learn English, so that he could guide English-speaking tourists around Athens's archaeological remains and gather information as to their views on Greece and its government, and to abandon what he said Kapodistrias had called his "delusional ideas" about the ancient Greeks: according to Pittakis, Kapodistrias had told him that the ancients were "restless heads, from whom we … can learn practically nothing." Pittakis returned to Athens, where he resumed his early work of collecting inscriptions, sending several to the German scholar 946: 1362:, and the discovery made Beulé's scholarly reputation. Towards the end of the excavation, Beulé used explosives to blast through a particularly difficult block of mortar – a decision criticised by contemporary archaeologists, as well as the Greek newspapers, one of which had previously accused Beulé of wanting to blow up everything on the Acropolis. Pittakis, who had been watching the operation, was almost struck by a fragment of the debris which pierced his hat: reports circulated in the aftermath that he had been killed. In 1854, Pittakis reconstructed the western part of the 1564: 558:. He studied modern languages, Latin and medicine – medicine being a common field of study for Greek intellectuals of the time, who often sought education in Germany, where legal, philological and architectural training were difficult for them to come by. According to the archaeological historian Vasileios Petrakos, it was on Corfu that Pittakis met his wife, Aikaterini, a fellow native of Athens. During his studies, he continued his archaeological work, returning in 1825–1826 to Salamis to transcribe and catalogue further inscriptions. 1307: 1614:. This kinship was crucial to the ideological foundation of the Greek War of Independence, where the support of western philhellenes for the Greek cause had been predicated upon what the academic Toby Lee has described as "an assumed (or actively constructed) continuity between the present-day Greeks ... and the glorious cultural and political history of ancient Greece." According to Fallmerayer, by contrast, "only a romantic, eager imagination still dream of a revival in our days of the ancient Hellenes with their 1277:, which had been partially destroyed during the War of Independence: Ross had begun this work in 1835, but been forced to stop by a lack of heavy equipment. Pittakis continued to curate Athens's archaeological collections, writing an 1843 guidebook in which he claimed that around 400 of the 615 objects exhibited in the Temple of Hephaestus had been collected "as a result of endeavour and passion". He also continued to excavate on the Acropolis, completing in 1843–1844 with Rangavis the restoration of the 1756: 168: 402:, who became Pittakis's friend and rival throughout his life. Pittakis was present in Athens during 1821–1822, and a member of the irregular Greek force that besieged and eventually retook the Acropolis. He may have witnessed, or participated in, the massacre of several hundred Turkish prisoners from the siege in June 1822: his mentor Fauvel, the French vice-consul, sheltered some of the survivors in his own home until the arrival of two French warships allowed their evacuation. 1541:

Greece, where the Ottomans were presented as religious zealots liable to destroy Greek monuments. This narrative has been called "overstated" in modern times, but identified as a "colonial tool" used in the nineteenth century to justify the removal of antiquities to European collections and, after independence, to advocate for the demolition of Ottoman remains by presenting them as of little value compared with what were considered the "authentic" classical remains beneath them.

785:, the troops were dismissed from the Acropolis and the area declared an archaeological site. Despite Pittakis's existing status as "custodian" of its antiquities and the fact that Athens fell under the jurisdiction of his sub-ephorate, he was not selected to carry out the restoration work: instead, the task went to the German-born Ross, a favourite of King Otto, who was recommended by Klenze directly. Ross worked mostly alongside architects from northern Europe, particularly the 1092: 1667:, and offering little analysis or criticism of the sources beyond a face-value reading. Fallmerayer's theory of discontinuity, however, was considered discredited both in Greek and western-European historiography by the end of the nineteenth century. Modern historians have described Fallmerayer's views as racist, and his scholarship as "uneven at best", even by the standards of his time, for its "extensive use of special pleading and blank assertion". 1083: 1297:

him, Pittakis concentrated his efforts on those fragments that showed signs of carving, or which bore inscriptions: other pieces were often recycled as part of improvised repairs to the Acropolis's monuments, or sold to visiting tourists. Between 1847 and 1853, he arranged for archaeological fragments scattered around the site to be collected, fixed into plaster and built into so-called "walls" or "panels" (

1743:, which almost caused the collapse of the structure and left the saw itself stuck inside the column until its removal in 2003. The negative reaction to his restorations, particularly in the Parthenon and Erechtheion, has been credited with inspiring the significant changes in approach adopted when the next major phase of the Acropolis's reconstruction began at the end of the nineteenth century, under 1240:. Between 1851 and 1858, in the judgement of Petrakos, Pittakis was effectively the sole figure in both the Archaeological Society and Greek archaeology. When Pittakis wrote to the Ministry of Education in October 1855, informing them of Gennadios' death and requesting approval to call a meeting to reconstitute the society, he received no response. In 1858, the Minister for Education, 483:, in which the protagonist is named as Odysseas Androutsos, who only arrived in Athens two months after the Acropolis was retaken. It was first connected with Pittakis by Rangavis in his eulogy for Pittakis after the latter's death in 1863. The modern historian James Beresford has suggested that the origin, or at least the popularity, of the anecdote may lie in the growth of the 1457:

protector of Greece's antiquities. He was succeeded as Ephor General by Efstratiadis, with whom he had worked on the excavation of the Psoma House and on the committee reporting on the Erechtheion. Pittakis's son, a judge by the name of Plato, published Rangavis's eulogy alongside another offered by Philippos Ioannou, who, along with Rangavis, had been Pittakis's comrade in the

890:, despite having not yet received approval to publish them. The Greek authorities asserted that Ross's actions were illegal: Pittakis attacked Ross in the press, which largely sided with him, thanks to his service in the War of Independence and xenophobia towards Ross as an ethnic German. Public pressure forced Ross's resignation as Ephor General on 20 September [ 1022:, which had fallen during the fighting of the War of Independence, was found and returned to its plinth. Pittakis also excavated the building, down to the floor level of its phase as a Christian church (between approximately the sixth and the fifteenth centuries), uncovering tombs in the southern part and a cistern in the western area. On February 27 [ 907:, and of plotting to flee the country with antiquities in his possession. The affair led to a break between Pittakis and Rangavis, whose initial support for Pittakis turned into opposition as the situation evolved: the archaeological historian Nikolaos Papazarkadas has described the subsequent relationship between the two men as "rather complicated". 1683:) as being one of only three Greeks of the mid-nineteenth century who understood the discipline of archaeology in its modern sense. His appointment has also been identified as a major factor in placing control the field of Greek archaeology into the hands of Greeks, rather than the northern-European scholars who had dominated it before 1836. 827:. In 1835, Pittakis published a monograph in French on the topography and ruins of Athens. The work made extensive use of epigraphy, including (as Pittakis claimed) over 800 then-unpublished inscriptions, and has been described as the first epigraphical work written by an ethnic Greek. In this volume, he published the discovery of several 254:

protect Greece's classical heritage, particularly in Athens and the adjacent islands, but criticised for his unsystematic and incautious approach. His reconstructions of ancient monuments often prioritised aesthetics over fidelity to the original, and were largely reverted after his death. He has also been accused of allowing his strong

986:, who had enjoyed special privileges in the administration of the Ottoman Empire), Pittakis was unusual in the new society in being both Athenian and of a humble background, a factor which created tension between him and the other elites of the society. The Society held its first meeting on 10 May [ 1540:

in the area of Vrysaki, Pittakis claimed that all but sixty houses in Athens had been destroyed by the Turks, a figure questioned by modern studies. Pittakis's accounts of the Turks' indifferent or destructive attitude to antiquities have been interpreted as part of a commonplace in pre-revolutionary

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views throughout his life. He described his activities in excavating and conserving ancient Greek monuments as "sacred work". The Archaeological Society of Athens, which he helped to found and in which he played a leading role until 1859, has been described as "an intransigent ideological exponent of

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23 October] 1863. Rangavis, with whom he had quarrelled over his approach to restorations and over his handling of the Naval Records affair, delivered the eulogy at his funeral, in which he praised Pittakis's devotion to the classical past and did much to establish his reputation as a patriot and

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Pittakis had a long-running feud with Ross, Greece's Ephor General of Antiquities from 1834, which reflected wider tensions between native Greek archaeologists and the mostly-Bavarian scholars who, on the invitation of King Otto, dominated Greek archaeology in the early years of Otto's reign. In 1834

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Since at least 1822, the Greek revolutionaries of the War of Independence had proclaimed that any independent Greek state would be ruled by a hereditary monarch from a European royal family, both to demonstrate compliance with the conservative values of the European Great Powers and to appeal to the

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According to a much-cited anecdote, during the first siege of the Acropolis, the Ottoman occupiers began to run low on lead ammunition, and began to destroy the marble columns of the Parthenon in order to remove the lead clamps which held them together. Pittakis, in an effort to preserve the ancient

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Pittakis's collaborator, Alexandros Rizos Rangavis, later described his approach to restoration as "unmethodical and by chance", and it was generally poorly received by both Greek and foreign observers. He has been criticised for undertaking restoration work with little prior study or documentation

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At the same time, Pittakis's epigraphical work has been criticised for its lack of scholarly rigour, for Pittakis's errors in his knowledge of historical and literary sources, and for the inaccuracy with which he reconstructed or interpreted certain texts. His reconstructions of Athenian monuments

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of the Erechtheion, a building he described as having "fallen down", using modern bricks to replace areas of fallen stonework. He also extended the height of some collapsed columns and rearranged surviving fragments of the building to emphasise the best preserved. During the reconstruction, one of

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and Ross's former collaborators Schaubert and Laurent, carried out restoration work in the Archaeological Society's name on the Acropolis. His work at the site has been described as the beginning of a "large-scale purification project", aimed at the removal of all of the Acropolis's post-classical

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to refuse it. Eleven days later, Ross attempted to return to the Acropolis to study the inscriptions unearthed during his excavations there, but Pittakis denied him entry. He continued to write hostile articles against Ross until 1838, accusing him of allowing foreign journals privileged access to

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migration. He characterised the modern Greek population as the descendants of these migrants, and argued that the Greek language had only persisted as a result of outsiders learning Greek from the local Byzantine rulers, and had consequently become "Slavicised". Fallmerayer's ideas challenged the

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In his 1835 guide to Athens's antiquities, Pittakis wrote of his hope that Greece would be able to reclaim the Parthenon sculptures taken by Elgin, which he described as "the masterpieces of ancestors." From 1836 onwards, he continually obstructed and frustrated British efforts to obtain plaster

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10 October], he wrote to request an office facing the sun, complaining that his office, at the back of the ministry building, was "full of impurities and stench" and that he would not be able to work in it through the winter, "if God grant to live out the year". Parts of this final letter are

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One of Pittakis's priorities was to protect the antiquities on the Acropolis, which he had previously described as an "archaeological garden", from looting and damage. He hired watchmen to ensure that none of the site's scattered, fragmentary remains were picked up by visitors. As Ross had before

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In 1852, Pittakis published a series of articles entitled "Materials to Be Used to Prove that the Current Inhabitants of Greece are Descendants of the Ancient Greeks". In these papers, he attempted to find analogues in classical literary sources for popular phrases and practices of his own time.

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visited the Acropolis of Athens, where Bellios suggested to Pittakis the founding of a "Society for the Excavation and Discovery of Antiquities", with the purpose of restoring the monuments of the site. A proposal was submitted to Neroulos and Rangavis, now Neroulos's superior in the Ministry of

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entered Athens on behalf of the revolutionaries in April, the Turkish garrison retreated to the Acropolis. Ottoman forces briefly recaptured the city in July, but largely departed in August, leaving only a small force behind, whereupon the population rebelled again, forcing the Turks back to the

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Pittakis has been described as the last representative of the "heroic period" of Greek archaeologists. He was prolific both as an excavator and as an archaeological writer, publishing by his own estimation more than 4,000 inscriptions. He has been praised for his extensive efforts to uncover and

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Fallmerayer's ideas gained some traction in western Europe, and were influential with King Otto, but created what has been called "an urgent need to confront " among Greek intellectuals. Dissenting views were published within Greece and by philhellenes abroad, combining into a long-running and

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In 1843, Pittakis was appointed to the post of Ephor General of Antiquities, which had been unfilled since Ross's resignation in 1836. His salary, as recorded in 1859, was 400 drachmas a month, slightly more than the 350 paid to a professor at the University of Athens and almost double the 250

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Nikolaos Papazarkadas has argued that many criticisms of Pittakis's integrity date to his feud with Ross, particularly the circumstances of the latter's resignation in 1836, and that their prominence in modern assessments of Pittakis reflects the uncritical repetition by scholars of unfounded

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by setting various antiquities into plaster, which often broke up ensembles or presented artefacts of different periods and provenances together, and by British contemporaries for his practice of storing antiquities away from public view, denying most scholars access to them. His unsystematic

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Pittakis's lack of philological education and theoretical archaeological knowledge limited the effectiveness of his scholarship and restorations. His work has been described as "empirical" rather than systematic, and was often characterised by a failure to keep records of what he had removed,

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In 1844, the prime minister, Kolettis – possibly encouraged by Rangavis – wrote a report to King Otto in which he criticised Pittakis for what he described as his negligent and unmethodical work, particularly on the Parthenon. Kolettis also condemned Pittakis's administration of the

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10 April] with funding from an Athenian antiquarian society, and which Pittakis was engaged in conducting: according to Rangavis, this cash injection was vital in ensuring their continuation. Pittakis cleared the temple's surroundings of medieval and early modern buildings, and recovered

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acrimonious response to Fallmerayer's work. When Fallmerayer visited Athens, he found that he had become widely hated; he was called a "national enemy", a "slanderer", an "ignoramus" and a "madman". Other western-European scholars challenged Fallmerayer's thesis, such as the German historian

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Reflecting in 1836 on his experience of archaeology before the War of Independence, he wrote of his "fear of the Turks", and the haste with which he was forced to carry out his informal archaeological work on the Acropolis during the occupation. In support of his excavations of the Athenian

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2 October] affirmed that the organisation of the Archaeological Service would continue unchanged, with the post of Ephor General unfilled. Pittakis was instead given the title of "Ephor of the Central Public Museum for Antiquities", referring to the collection of antiquities that he had

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Papazarkadas has argued that Pittakis's opposition to Ross's actions was personal rather than principled, pointing out that Pittakis made no protest against the copying of several thousand Greek inscriptions by French epigraphers from 1843 onwards, a project supported by the prime minister,

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later in the century. His epigraphic publications have been unfavourably compared with the contemporary work of Rangavis, who provided detailed information about the find-spot of each inscription, as well as a full transliteration and French translation. Rangavis also accused him of hiding

1428:, in which he claimed to have published a total of 4,158 inscriptions, "freely and for no compensation … merely moved by my yearning desire for the ancestral relics … the common benefit and the dissemination to the ends of the world of every Greek letter, for the sake of Greek glory". 1687:

have been criticised for their haphazard methods, and for the licence with which Pittakis removed post-classical structures and reorganised ancient remains. Doubts have also been raised as to Pittakis's scholarly integrity, particularly in matters pertaining to Greek nationalism.

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particularly of remains later than the classical period. In particular, Ludwig Ross criticised his clearing work in the Propylaia for failing to make any record of the later buildings he demolished. He was further criticised in the contemporary press for his practice of building

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Constantakopoulou, Christy (2008). "Reviewed Work(s): Ludwig Ross und Griechenland. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums, Athen, 2.–3. Oktober 2002 = Ludwig Ross και η Ελλάδα. Πρακτικά του Διεθνούς συνεδρίου, Αθήνα, 2–3 Οκτοβρίου 2002 by H.R. GOETTE and O. PALAGIA".

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characteristic of the style. The archaeological historian Fani Mallouchou-Tufano has described his restorative work as characterised by "enthusiasm … innocence, naivity and ignorance", pointing to his use of improvised material, including tree trunks, to restore the

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to replace the Parthenon sculptures taken by Elgin, placing them directly onto the temple itself. Pittakis intended to rebuild the entire north colonnade, but was prevented from doing so by lack of funds. On behalf of the Archaeological Society, he excavated at

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throughout the 19th century", and as both "elitist" and "archaistic". Pittakis's work, along with nineteenth-century Greek archaeology more generally, has been criticised for privileging classical material over that of later periods, particularly from the

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Among Pittakis's other duties was the financial assessment of antiquities presented by excavators and collectors to the government, which determined the reward paid for them by the state. A month after Pittakis's arrival in Athens, a cadet of the British

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28 July], calling Pittakis's work "full of the most palpable errors"; Pittakis wrote to the secretariat of the Archaeological Service demanding "due satisfaction" for what he considered Ross's insult, but was instead ordered to apologise to Ross.

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travelled to Athens, as a guest of Jacob Black, Pittakis' brother-in-law; Ross's first visit in the city was to Pittakis's home, where the two discussed Pittakis's meeting with Kapodistrias and the latter's attitudes to Greece's past. On 13 September

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15 February] 1839, he wrote to the Ministry of Education, proposing that a royal decree be issued to dramatically expand the powers of the state to protect antiquities and prosecute those damaging them, but his letter was never acted upon.

745:. He also began to collect together some of the scattered antiquities from the Acropolis, many of which were the remains of bombardments during the site's two recent sieges. He established a temporary museum for these objects in a former barracks. 1502:). More than half of Athens's churches which stood in 1830 were demolished during the nineteenth century, many by Pittakis, often in order to clear the view of ancient monuments or to allow the excavation of further ancient remains beneath them. 541:

Shortly after the expulsion of the main body of the Ottoman forces from Athens in 1822, Pittakis began to gather archaeological artefacts from around the city into the Church of the Megali Panagia, which was built on the former site of

495:, nationalist ideology calling for the "return" of classical Greek lands to the modern Greek state – in the mid-19th century, and the desire to strengthen the perceived links between modern Greeks and the heritage of Ancient Greece. 442:

For his service in the War of Independence, he was later awarded a "certificate of patriotism" by the Athenian city government. His brother was killed and buried on the Acropolis during the war, either during the first siege or

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record-keeping meant that he often published the same object or inscription multiple times, sometimes giving contradictory accounts of the date and place of its discovery, or recorded finds without giving their proper context.

843:, containing the sacred fire of Hestia seen as the heart of the political community. The original location of this structure, which served various public and political functions during the classical period, is no longer known. 1516:… Strangers, who came from all over the earth as pious pilgrims to the hill of the ancient miracles, ascending by the thousands every year, always found there among them the vigilant ephor, and used to associate him with the 1722:

of the buildings, and for reconstructing both the Parthenon and the Erechtheion to place better-preserved items of masonry in more prominent positions, regardless of the original construction. His use of modern bricks where

230:, a private body which undertook the excavation, conservation and publication of archaeological finds. He was responsible for much of the early excavation and restoration of the Acropolis, including efforts to restore the 1281:, and uncovering two portions of the Parthenon frieze in 1845. He returned to the Temple of Athena Nike in 1846–1847 to install casts replacing parts of its frieze, which had been removed and taken to the British Museum. 915:. In September 1836, on Ross's resignation, Neroulos prepared a draft decree, by which the Archaeological Service would have been reorganised, giving Pittakis responsibility for its excavation work while the philologist 625:

1 September], Pittakis was appointed to the unpaid role of "custodian of the antiquities in Athens", in which capacity he gave tours of the Acropolis to foreign visitors: one of whom was the American author and poet

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remains of pieces of cedar wood, which have been taken as evidence for the odeon's original wooden roof. The excavations of the odeon uncovered a large bomb, which was interpreted as a remnant of the artillery fired by

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3 August] 1833, he informed Trikoupis that he had forbidden entry to the Acropolis to anyone not accompanied by him. Now empowered to do so, he carried out his first formal works on the Acropolis, demolishing

479:. Contemporary reports from the siege indicate that the Greeks themselves fired artillery into the Acropolis ruins, and the offer of ammunition to preserve the ruins is first attested in an 1859 letter by the writer 1244:, asked Pittakis to reform the society and hold elections for new officials. These took place in the second half of the year: Pittakis was elected as secretary, a position which he handed over the following year to 977:

15 January] 1837. Neroulos became the society's first president, with Rangavis as its secretary and Pittakis a member of its ephorate (board of overseers). Where Rangavis, Neroulos and Bellios were wealthy

288:, and studied at the School of the Commons of Athens from 1810 until 1820. Pittakis seems to have been largely self-taught in archaeology, but became apprenticed around the age of sixteen to the French vice-consul 729:

18 August] 1832, the Turkish garrison on the Acropolis did not surrender until March 1833, and some of its soldiers would remain on the site until 1835. Three days after Pittakis's return to Athens on 15

246:. As ephor of the Central Public Museum for Antiquities from 1836, and later as Ephor General, he was largely responsible for the conservation and protection of many of the monuments and artefacts then known from 270:

Kyriakos S. Pittakis was born in Athens in 1798. His family origins are obscure; he was probably from a humble background. A contemporary described him as having been born "beneath a forgotten cornice of the

5252: 1815:, accused Pittakis of breaking inscriptions into multiple pieces, or submitting the same inscription to him multiple times with false information as to its provenance, so as to be paid twice for finding it. 413:, an ancient spring on the Acropolis, which ensured a fresh water supply to the Greek forces who occupied the site between 1822 and 1827. However, the discovery was also claimed by the Greek military leader 6747:

Mishkova, Diana (2015). "The Afterlife of a Commonwealth: Narratives of Byzantium in the National Historiographies of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania". In Daskalov, Roumen; Vezenkov, Alexander (eds.).

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11 September] to say that he was no longer physically able to climb the Acropolis of Athens, which he claimed to have done up to four times a day for the past thirty-three years. Finally, on 22 October

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cemetery; the excavations which took part here under Pittakis have been described as "random". His health began to fail in 1863; he wrote to the Minister of Education, who oversaw his work, on 29 July [

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15 March], he announced the publication of his first book, which he claimed to contain 1,600 newly-published inscriptions. He excavated on Salamis and Aegina in early 1829, and sent several objects to

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in the 'main' area between the Parthenon, the Erechtheion and the Propylaia, and most of the post-classical structures on the site had been removed. He also excavated in Athens's lower town, including the

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and D. Charamis. Although the excavation furnished several ancient inscriptions, published by Efstratiadis in three volumes, it failed to uncover the promised ancient monuments; the archaeologist

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assembled, first in the Church of the Megali Panagia and since 1835 in the Temple of Hephaestus. This made him the most senior archaeologist employed by the Greek Archaeological Service, and its

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was also hired as the Archaeological Service's draughtsman. At the time, Greek archaeology was dominated by scholars from northern Europe, particularly Bavaria, who enjoyed King Otto's favour.

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From 1850, Pittakis undertook large-scale restoration work in and around the Propylaia. That year, he cleared and partially reconstructed the steps approaching the monument. Pittakis enlisted

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Junker, Klaus (1995). "Ludwig Ross und die Publikation seiner Ausgrabungen auf der Athener Akropolis" [Ludwig Ross and the Publication of his Excavations on the Acropolis of Athens].

804:. The dominance of non-Greek scholars in the excavation and conservation of Greek monuments provoked resentment from the native Greek intelligentsia, and tensions between Pittakis and Ross. 757:: the cadet was fined £3 (equivalent to £360 in 2023). Pittakis requested the money for the restoration of other ancient monuments, and later claimed to have written about the matter to 1338:, to assist with the removal of medieval and modern structures from the remaining parts of the Propylaia in 1852. Beulé, against the prevailing scholarly opinion at the time, believed that 1048:

and restored part of the north and south colonnades. As he had in the Erechtheion, Pittakis reinforced part of the Parthenon's north side with a large brick wall. He ordered casts from the

1236:. The situation exacerbated the Archaeological Society's financial troubles so greatly that it effectively ceased to exist until 1858, though Pittakis continued writing and publishing the 6208:

Helm, Christoph (2000). "Ludwig Ross und seine Bedeutung für die klassischen Altertumswissenschaften" [Ludwig Ross and his Importance for Classical Studies]. In Kunze, Max (ed.).

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27 July] 1836; the articles have been described in twenty-first-century scholarship as "bad from every point of view". Ross replied with two articles of his own on 29 July [

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Tsouli, Chrysanthi (2020). "Kyriakos Pittakis: Sincere Patriot, Unwearied Guard and Vigilant Εphor of Αntiquities". In Lagogianni-Georgakarakos, Maria; Koutsogiannis, Thodoris (eds.).

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inscriptions so that he could not study them; Pittakis, meanwhile, accused Rangavis of failing to acknowledge his role in the discovery of inscriptions that the latter had published.

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foundations of Greek national identity: under the Ottoman Empire, educated Greeks had used their claim of kinship with the ancient Greek past to establish their distinction from other

997:, which had minimal financial and human resources, in conserving, studying and excavating the monuments of Greece. Along with Rangavis, Pittakis launched and edited the periodical 821:

Construction work on the Church of the Megali Panagia between 1834 and 1835 necessitated the removal of its archaeological collection, which by then included 618 artefacts, to the

6209: 1001:, which remains one of the society's main publications as of 2023. Rangavis soon resigned as co-editor, leaving Pittakis as effectively the sole writer of the journal until 1860. 1984: 926:

assumed charge of its academic works and Athanasios Iatridis oversaw its technical work. However, the proposal was considered too radical, and a royal decree of 14 October [

565:, who had become independent Greece's first head of state in 1827, for an archaeological post; Kapodistrias instead offered him the post of first secretary to the law-court of 498:

The story has, however, been described as a "powerful myth" with a prominent place in the Greek national discourse, particularly around the debate over the restitution of the

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Two paintings showing the effect of Pittakis's clearing of the Lion Gate at Mycenae: left, by Edward Dodwell in 1821, before Pittakis's 1841 intervention; right, by

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5 May] it had become clear that they had found the edge of a fortified wall around the Acropolis, and within it a late Roman gateway, which became known as the

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10 April], Pittakis announced to the society that he knew of a plot of land which he believed to contain significant antiquities, including the remains of the

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with a particular interest in antiquities and the education of the Greek population: in 1817, he was listed as receiving support from the society for his studies.

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had earlier been criticised in the German press for delays in its publication; in July 1843, its publication ceased altogether, and would not resume until 1852.

1622:", and support for the Greek state in western Europe could achieve nothing but the strengthening of Slavic Russia, widely seen as a threat to the other European 423: 7907: 7778: 5146: 1979: 1115: 700:

25 July]. Around the same time, he was asked by the state to recommend a site for an archaeological museum in Athens, following a request from the local

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Plantzos, Dimitris (2008). "Time and the Antique: Linear Causality and the Greek Art Narrative". In Damaskos, Dimitris; Plantzos, Dimitris Plantzos (eds.).

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Galanakis, Yannis; Nowak-Kemp, Malgosia (2013). "Ancient Greek Skulls in the Oxford University Museum, Part II: The Rhousopoulos-Rolleston Correspondence".

6833: 1784: 895: 276: 1208:. The society's financial situation in this period was precarious, partly owing to its purchase of the Psoma House and the society's erection of a marble 2142: 1198: 916: 428: 388: 7248: 1971: 7205: 6575: 5830: 6689: 2062: 649:

that his role include responsibility for collecting the Acropolis's scattered antiquities, and establishing a museum in which they could be stored.

1197:, the society established a committee to report on the state of the Erechtheion, which included Pittakis, Efstratiadis and the society's president 839:, which he took to indicate an ancient temple. Modern scholarship has suggested that these were part of the temple and civic building known as the 5576: 5120: 1809:

nineteenth-century accusations against him. It was during this conflict that Böckh, Ross and Pittakis's mutual collaborator as the editor of the

2002:; in 1841, it moved again to the office of the Ephor General of Antiquities in the Ministry of Education, and from 1843 it was displayed in the 6688:[Special Topic: Kyriakos Pittakis, the First Self-Taught Greek Archaeologist] (in Greek). Athens-Macedonian News Agency. Archived from 1726:

could not be carried out as has been described as "amateurish". During his reconstruction of the Parthenon, he filled missing portions of the

7421: 7327:

Plantzos, Dimitris (2014). "Dead Archaeologists, Buried Gods: Archaeology as an Agent of Modernity in Greece". In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.).

7048: 7002: 6956: 1739:

of the Erechtheion, as well as to a story reported by Rangavis of Pittakis's improvised repair to a column of the Propylaia, using a large

1641:, who published what has been described as "a complete rebuttal" of Fallmerayer's claims. In 1834, Fallmerayer visited Athens in search of 777:

After the withdrawal of the Turkish garrison, the Acropolis of Athens was occupied by a Bavarian military garrison. On 30 August [

7719: 5203: 1549:, the Keeper of the British Museum, complained had left the sculptures there "as leaves torn out of a manuscript are to the book itself." 7637:

Tsiovas, Dimitris (2014). "Introduction: Decolonising Antiquity, Heritage Politics and Performing the Past". In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.).

6373:. By C. G. Brouzas. Pp. 65, 4 pll. Philological Papers (Volume 7), West Virginia University Bulletin, Series 49, No. 12–VI, June, 1949". 454: 439:, both off the shore of Attica, where he recorded several inscriptions that had been moved there from Athens on account of the fighting. 7524: 6536:

Lambrinou, Lena (2016). "Ancient Ruins and Their Preservation: The Case Study of the Parthenon's East Porch". In Miles, Margaret (ed.).

6236: 1675:

The reception of Pittakis's work and impact on Greek archaeology has been polarised. In his own lifetime, he was honoured by the French

5288:

Athanassopoulou, Effie F. (2002). "An 'Ancient' Landscape: European Ideals, Archaeology, and Nation Building in Early Modern Greece".

2152:

and the archaeological and cultural historian Yannis Hamilakis, though Pittakis denied them, and Petrakos considers them to be false.

2067: 1342:, the architect of the Propylaia, had originally constructed a second gateway. He secured Pittakis's blessing as well as support from 1189:

14 September] 1852, Pittakis was elected to succeed Vyzantios, who had been formally appointed as secretary on 30 June [

6659:

Mallouchou-Tufano, Fani (2007). "The Vicissitudes of the Athenian Acropolis in the Nineteenth Century: From Castle to Monument". In

1789: 506:

in the early nineteenth century, while Athens was still under Ottoman rule. It has been referenced by the Greek Minister of Culture

281: 5170: 1171: 7140: 5947: 1265: 864:

between the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. Pittakis studied the inscriptions and published two articles on them on 19 July [

696:. Pittakis was one of only three native Greeks employed by the archaeological service. He was formally sworn in on 6 August [ 7676: 1232:, which lasted from June 1854 to January 1855 and killed around 3,000 people, including the Archaeological Society's president, 5889: 1182:. Rangavis requested permission to study the inscriptions found at the Psoma House, which the Archaeological Society refused. 904: 765:. The proceeds from the fine were used to support the first excavations around the Parthenon, which had begun on 22 April [ 589: 444: 365: 345: 1706:

Photograph taken inside the Parthenon between 1857 and 1863; Pittakis's restorations can be seen on the walls and column drums

7912: 7826: 7708: 7665: 7646: 7627: 7608: 7589: 7547: 7510: 7488: 7410: 7336: 7317: 7298: 7158: 7129: 7106: 6868: 6855:

Papadopoulos, Georgios (2021). "Οι έρευνες του Κ. Σ. Πιττάκη στην Σαλαμίνα". In Matthiou, Angelos; Pallis, Georgios (eds.).

6822: 6803: 6776: 6757: 6737: 6718: 6672: 6649: 6626: 6564: 6545: 6526: 6507: 6488: 6465: 6446: 6264: 6198: 6179: 6160: 6098: 6079: 5985: 5859: 5819: 5800: 5752: 5733: 5714: 5644: 5526: 5412: 5241: 1114:

9 January] 1851, following the resignation of Rangavis from the Archaeological Society, his duties were taken on by

275:… which protectively sheltered his cradle." He received his early schooling from Ioannis Palamas, son of the educationalist 7887: 1388: 1260: 718:) for the purpose. Pittakis instead recommended the Propylaia, and asked only for 50 drachmas to build it a new door. 289: 218:

Pittakis was largely self-taught as an archaeologist, and one of the few native Greeks active in the field during the late

6813:

Ousterhout, Robert (2005). "'Bestride the Very Peak of Heaven': The Parthenon After Antiquity". In Neils, Jennifer (ed.).

468:

temple, is said to have offered to send ammunition to the Turkish defenders, as long as they left the columns intact. The

7892: 7599:

Stefanidis, Ioannis D. (2021). "Diplomats and Diplomacy". In Kitromilides, Paschalis M.; Tsoukalas, Constantinos (eds.).

5232:

Arnaoutoglou, Ilias (2008). "Διὰ δόξαν ἐκείνων καὶ κλέος του ἔθνους: The Philomousos Society of Athens and Antiquities".

1653:

published a reply, criticising Fallmerayer's reliance on sources from comparatively late historical periods, such as the

1512:

was almost certain to meet the indefatigable archaeological guard, or his inscriptions, pilgrims and the students of his

226:. He played an influential role in the early years of the Greek Archaeological Service and was a founding member of the 676:

25 January] 1833. Pittakis was part of a delegation sent from Athens to welcome him. A decree of 17 July [

7897: 6319:

Jenkins, Ian (1990). "Acquisition and Supply of Casts of the Parthenon Sculptures by the British Museum, 1835–1939".

6222: 1764: 1273:

previously paid to Ross. One of his first actions, in 1843, was to complete the demolition of the eighteenth-century

652: 211:. He has been described as a "dominant figure in Greek archaeology for 27 years", and as "one of the most important 6517:

Lambrinou, Lena (2012). "The Parthenon North Side". In Bouras, Charalambos; Ioannidou, Maria; Jenkins, Ian (eds.).

5199: 5166: 5142: 5116: 2100:, p. 64, state that the Ephor General's salary remained reasonably similar until the end of the nineteenth century. 1375: 292:, sometimes called the "father of archaeology in Greece". During this period, Pittakis established his interest in 227: 7798: 5150: 1161:

after its former owner, named Louisa Psoma. Pittakis led the excavation, assisted by the society's archaeologists

421:, and is likely to have originally been accidental. During his service in 1822, he acquired the manuscript of the 6375: 5665: 832: 722: 503: 243: 6839: 807: 774:

and various inscriptions. The excavation was visited by Otto in 1833, during his first visit to the Acropolis.

6617:

Mallouchou-Tufano, Fani (1994). "The History of Interventions on the Acropolis". In Economakis, Richard (ed.).

6280: 7817:(2003). "Archaeology and the Construction of the Past in Nineteenth-Century Greece". In Hokwerda, Hero (ed.). 5604: 7902: 7270: 7122:

The Archaeological Society of Athens. The Archaeologists and the Excavations 1837–2011 (Exhibition Catalogue)

2084: 1659:, a controversial manuscript whose narrative was likely composed between the tenth and fourteenth centuries. 1453: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1418: 1379:

An 1857 photograph of the Propylaia, showing its state in the years immediately after Pittakis's restorations

1351: 1347: 1249: 1190: 1186: 1126: 1111: 1023: 987: 974: 970: 954: 927: 891: 877: 873: 869: 865: 778: 766: 731: 726: 697: 688:, as part of which Pittakis was appointed "sub-ephor" of Central Greece, reporting to the Bavarian architect 677: 673: 657: 635: 622: 602: 580: 369: 192: 87: 451:, sharing with him news of archaeological discoveries to which scholars outside Greece no longer had access. 447:, which took place in 1826–1827. During and after the war, Pittakis corresponded with the British architect 7849: 7228: 6598: 1650: 1395:. At this point, he considered the excavation of the Acropolis complete, since the excavations had reached 994: 793: 685: 322:. Teresa Makri, the sister of Pittakis's wife Aikaterini, is generally considered the inspiration for the " 204: 200: 126: 115: 5834: 5793:

In Pursuit of Ancient Pasts: A History of Classical Archaeology in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

1645:

related to his theories. Pittakis has been widely accused of forging a spurious manuscript, known as the

1636: 899: 431:, which Pittakis would eventually publish in 1853. He also spent time during 1821–1822 on the islands of 323: 301: 5907:"The Parthenon, Pericles and King Solomon: A Case Study of Ottoman Archaeological Imagination in Greece" 6067: 1350:

22 April], the excavators discovered additional steps leading towards the gate, and by 17 May [

5126: 1747:. Many of Pittakis's restorations were reverted during subsequent phases of conservation on the site. 1676: 7526:

Who Saved the Parthenon? A New History of the Acropolis Before, During and After the Greek Revolution

5810:

Efthymiou, Maria D. (2021). "Athens". In Kitromilides, Paschalis M.; Tsoukalas, Constantinos (eds.).

5422:

Beresford, James (2016). "'Alchemy on the Acropolis: Turning Ancient Lead into Restitutionist Gold".

1586: 1558: 1241: 448: 399: 356: 335: 7819:

Constructions of the Greek Past: Identity and Historical Consciousness from Antiquity to the Present

6191:

Paris-Rome-Athens: Travels in Greece by French Architects in the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries

5577:"Explosions and Expulsions in Ottoman Athens: A Heritage Perspective on the Temple of Olympian Zeus" 1871: 701: 6321: 1401: 522: 7460: 7118:Η εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία. Οι Αρχαιολόγοι και οι Ανασκαφές 1837–2011 (Κατάλογος Εκθέσεως) 7859: 6091:

Archaeology, Nation, and Race: Confronting the Past, Decolonizing the Future in Greece and Israel

5500: 5400: 1655: 1335: 1162: 1154: 627: 340: 7758: 7720:"The Turkish Harem in the Karyatid Temple and Antagonistic Narratives on the Athenian Acropolis" 7074: 7028: 6982: 1938:

The precise number of Turkish captives killed is unclear: estimates vary from 400 to around 600.

1331: 973:

6 January] 1837, and its foundation ratified by a royal decree of 27 January [

546:, creating one of Greece's first archaeological museums. Between 1824 and 1828, he attended the 207:, in which capacity he carried out the conservation and restoration of several monuments on the 5424: 5213: 2054: 1919:

Another version of events records that he was recruited by the future priest and revolutionary

1883:

Some primary sources incorrectly suggest that Pittakis was married to Teresa: see for instance

1731: 1316:

on the Acropolis, constructed from the fragmentary remains of various antiquities (here mostly

1178:

found in 1910 that the antiquities discovered at the house were associated with the late Roman

480: 7053:[The Beginning of Greek Archaeology and the Foundation of the Archaeological Society] 1796:, described Pittakis's work at the site as "half-hearted" in comparison to the excavations of 7561: 7481:

Liberalism after the Revolution: The Intellectual Foundations of the Greek State, c.1830–1880

5361: 2313: 2170: 1594: 1546: 1513: 1278: 574: 472:"here are bullets, do not touch the columns!" is often associated with the alleged incident. 406: 259: 239: 1774: 1439:

17 July], asking for a twenty-day leave of absence. He wrote again on 23 September [

7882: 7877: 5175:[Secretariat of Skarlatos Byzantios (1851–1852) and Kyriakos Pittakis (1852–1859)] 2083:

According to Kokkou, he was not formally named to the position until 12 January 1849 [

2007: 1999: 1664: 1392: 1245: 1179: 1071: 961: 781:

18 August] 1834, by a royal decree issued on the advice of the Bavarian architect

739:

and Turkish remains in central part of the Propylaia and its north-east hall, known as the

709: 562: 555: 543: 349: 6051: 1387:, recording monuments and collecting inscriptions. He advocated for the demolition of the 74: 8: 6111:; Yalouri, Eleana (1999). "Sacralising the Past: Cults of Archaeology in Modern Greece". 1956: 1905: 1797: 1691: 1680: 1509: 1359: 1100:

Two paintings showing the effect of Pittakis's restorations of the Erechtheion: left, by

762: 630:, who recalled being shown Byron's graffito of his own name on one of the columns of the 585: 414: 272: 208: 130: 5852:

The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century

5180: 1431:

The later part of Pittakis's career as Ephor General saw the discovery, in 1861, of the

387:

formed to oppose Ottoman rule in Greece. He may have been initiated into the society by

7750: 7553: 7452: 7381: 7373: 6408: 6400: 6354: 6346: 6307: 6294: 6275: 6136: 6055: 6047: 6022: 5934: 5690: 5650: 5557: 5536:

Casanaki, Maria; Mallouchou, Fani (1985). "Interventions on the Acropolis: 1833–1975".

5486: 5449: 5313: 2576: 2003: 1998:

In 1837, at Pittakis's instigation, the collection was moved to the Stoa of Hadrian in

1414: 1233: 1194: 1074:. In 1842, Pittakis was placed in charge of all excavation on the Acropolis of Athens. 1005: 681: 606: 511: 7422:"Fugitive Stones: The Temple of Athena Nike, Athens in Nineteenth-Century Photographs" 7164: 6014:

Galanakis, Yannis; Skaltsa, Stella (2012). "Tomb Robbers, Art Dealers, and a Dikast's

5967: 5906: 5253:"Excavating Greece: Classicism between Empire and Nation in Nineteenth-Century Europe" 7822: 7790: 7754: 7742: 7704: 7696: 7680: 7661: 7642: 7623: 7604: 7585: 7557: 7543: 7506: 7484: 7456: 7444: 7406: 7385: 7365: 7332: 7313: 7294: 7262: 7220: 7192: 7154: 7125: 7102: 7066: 7020: 6974: 6895: 6864: 6818: 6799: 6772: 6753: 6733: 6714: 6668: 6645: 6622: 6590: 6560: 6541: 6522: 6503: 6484: 6461: 6442: 6425: 6412: 6392: 6358: 6338: 6299: 6260: 6228: 6218: 6194: 6175: 6156: 6140: 6128: 6094: 6075: 6059: 6039: 6002: 5959: 5938: 5926: 5881: 5855: 5815: 5796: 5772: 5766: 5762: 5748: 5729: 5710: 5682: 5654: 5640: 5596: 5553: 5522: 5505: 5478: 5453: 5441: 5408: 5381: 5348: 5317: 5305: 5264: 5237: 1801: 1607: 1478: 708:, approximately equivalent to a month of an upper-middle-class salary, to repair the 689: 255: 223: 94: 6861:

Light upon the Stones: Proceedings of a Conference in Memory of Kyriakos S. Pittakis

6153:

The Nation and Its Ruins: Antiquity, Archaeology, and National Imagination in Greece

5869: 3851: 605:

25 April] 1832, representatives of Britain, France and Russia selected the

418: 258:

beliefs to influence his reconstruction of ancient monuments, and of distorting the

7917: 7781:[Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer and the Emergence of Modern Greek Historicism]. 7734: 7533: 7520: 7498: 7436: 7398: 7357: 7310:

A Singular Antiquity: Archaeology and Hellenic Identity in Twentieth-Century Greece

6887: 6791: 6384: 6330: 6289: 6148: 6120: 6108: 6031: 5994: 5918: 5674: 5632: 5588: 5470: 5433: 5373: 5338: 5297: 4769:, p. 144. For the Greek and wider reaction to Fallmerayer's publications, see 4499: 1744: 1488: 1317: 1289:, which he claimed had made Greece "the laughing-stock of all archaeologists". The 1274: 965:

Education; the organisation's founding documents were completed in the name of the

945: 912: 789: 758: 754: 721:

Despite the recognition of the new Greek state by the Ottoman government under the

296:, copying inscriptions from the Acropolis and concealing moveable antiquities from 7440: 5948:"The Piraeus and the Athenian Navy: Recent Archaeological and Historical Advances" 3141:, p. 140. For the excavations' status as the first around the Parthenon, see 1593:

in which he argued that the Greek population had been totally replaced during the

1563: 7503:

Lord Elgin and the Marbles: The Controversial History of the Parthenon Sculptures

7094: 6943: 6922: 6660: 6481:

The Attitudes Towards Antiquities in Greece and the Founding of the First Museums

6366: 5541: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 2125: 2096:

The modern archaeological historians Yannis Galanakis and Stella Skaltsa, citing

1837: 1449:

illegible owing to Pittakis's increasing weakness and deteriorating handwriting.

1146: 507: 355:

After growing tensions and preparations throughout the early months of 1821, the

309: 6838:[Archive of Greek Writers: Philippos Ioannou] (in Greek). Archived from 6711:

Upon a White Stone: Proceedings of a Symposium in Memory of Kyriakos S. Pittakis

2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 1346:, the French ambassador to Greece, to investigate his hypothesis. On 4 May [ 601:

political interests of those states in choosing the monarch. On 7 May [

570: 7814: 7393:

Shepard, Jonathan (2010) . "General Introduction". In Shepard, Jonathan (ed.).

6035: 4888:, p. 150. For modern views on the continuity of "Greek civilisation", see 2161: 2058: 1975: 1947: 1920: 1896: 1363: 1225: 1172: 1101: 1049: 782: 705: 661: 610: 547: 469: 436: 384: 297: 247: 219: 184: 7779:"Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer und die Entstehung des neugriechischen Historismus" 7402: 6477:Η μέριμνα για τις αρχαιότητες στην Ελλάδα και η δημιουργία των πρώτων μουσείων 6334: 6232: 6124: 5678: 5437: 5343: 5326: 3867: 2704: 1252:

24 May] 1859, Pittakis was elected as vice-president of the society.

7871: 7794: 7746: 7448: 7369: 7266: 7224: 7070: 7024: 6978: 6899: 6750:

Entangled Histories of the Balkans: Volume 3: Shared Pasts, Disputed Legacies

6594: 6429: 6396: 6342: 6303: 6132: 6043: 6006: 5963: 5930: 5885: 5776: 5686: 5624: 5600: 5509: 5482: 5445: 5385: 5352: 5309: 5268: 3609: 3554: 2323: 861: 856:, Athens's ancient harbour, uncovered a series of inscriptions known as the " 499: 376: 316: 315:

Pittakis is said to have met and befriended the English aristocrat, poet and

196: 105: 7738: 7196: 7050:Η απαρχή της ελληνικής αρχαιολογίας και η ίδρυση της Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας 6947: 6926: 6915:] (in Greek). Athens: Archaeological Resources and Expropriations Fund ( 5623:

Costaki, Lena (2021). "Urban Archaeology: Discovering the Ancient City". In

5545: 5327:"Fallmerayer, Huntington und die Diskussion um die neugriechische Identität" 5172:Γραμματειες Σκαρλατου Βυζαντιου (1851–1852) και Κυριακου Πιττακη (1852–1859) 2476: 1355: 903:

Greek inscriptions, of improperly giving antiquities to the German nobleman

831:

column capitals in the wall of the Church of the Agia Kyra Kandili near the

7658:

These Are What We Fought For: Antiquities and the Greek War of Independence

7349:

Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens

5702: 5377: 5089: 1130: 1030:

From 1841, he began to collaborate with Rangavis on the restoration of the

958: 736: 6961:[Out of Date (Kyriakos S. Pittakis and the Antiquities of Greece] 6958:Παρωχημένη ἐπικαιρότης (Ὁ Κυριακὸς Σ. Πιττάκης καὶ τὰ ἀρχαῖα τῆς ᾿Ελλάδος) 6795: 5636: 5592: 5562:[The person who gave his name to Pittakis Street] (in Greek). Lifo 5301: 3405: 3403: 2347: 2345: 2040:

Approximately equivalent to €72,400 in 2023, based on conversion rates in

7842: 7580:

Tomlinson, Richard Allan (2021). "Archaeology". In Speake, Graham (ed.).

7361: 6891: 6685:Ειδικο Θεμα: Κυριακός Πιττάκης, ο πρώτος αυτοδίδακτος Έλληνας αρχαιολόγος 5998: 5538:

The Acropolis at Athens: Conservation, Restoration and Research 1975–1983

5234:

The Province Strikes Back: Imperial Dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean

4962: 1790: 1736: 1727: 1723: 1623: 1405: 1372:

on the Propylaia's north-eastern side, which was in danger of collapsing.

1306: 1268:. The Parthenon mosque, demolished by Pittakis, is visible in the centre. 1217: 1091: 1062: 828: 693: 631: 617: 492: 484: 282: 231: 7377: 6863:] (in Greek). Athens: Greek Epigraphical Society. pp. 115–132. 6557:

The Public Life of Cinema: Conflict and Collectivity in Austerity Greece

6350: 6311: 5694: 6172:

Dream and Reality: Danish Antiquaries, Architects and Artists in Greece

5922: 5490: 4800: 4401: 3566: 3400: 2342: 1642: 1545:

casts of the Parthenon sculptures still stored on the Acropolis, which

1483: 1432: 979: 840: 750: 319: 7538: 6439:

The Christian Parthenon: Classicism and Pilgrimage in Byzantine Athens

6404: 2068: 1383:

During his time as Ephor General, Pittakis excavated on the island of

514:

as historical fact, in an effort to argue for the sculptures' return.

427:, a history of Athens written by the late eighteenth-century educator 300:

forces. He was also supported in his early archaeological work by the

6189:

Hellmann, Marie-Christine; Fraisse, Phillipe; Jacques, Annie (1982).

4017: 1615: 1534: 1367: 1339: 1264:

An 1804 painting of the Parthenon before Pittakis's restorations, by

1216:

commemorating its benefactors. In April 1854, on the outbreak of the

1209: 1147: 1139: 1131: 1063: 1058: 1043: 1036: 1031: 1011: 860:", which gave information on the administration and financing of the 812: 740: 476: 407: 293: 235: 212: 167: 6857:Επί πέτρας λευκής. Πρακτικά Συμποσίου εις μνήμην Κυριακού Σ. Πιττάκη 6707:Επί πέτρας λευκής. Πρακτικά Συμποσίου εις μνήμην Κυριακού Σ. Πιττάκη 5474: 4671: 3349: 2400: 1755: 1690:

In November 2013, a colloquium in Pittakis's memory was held at the

1157:

to raise 12,000 drachmas to buy the plot, which became known as the

1137:(the ancient city's assembly building) and the temples known as the 1042:

in the late 1830s. Between 1841 and 1844, they rebuilt parts of the

43: 6878:

Papazarkadas, Nikolaos (2014). "Epigraphy in Early Modern Greece".

6388: 6257:

Ours Once More: Folklore, Ideology, and the Making of Modern Greece

5053: 5041: 5031: 5029: 4417: 4204: 4202: 4130: 4128: 4005: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3757: 3755: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 1740: 1019: 983: 7093:

Petrakos, Vasileios (2007). "The Stages of Greek Archaeology". In

6940:

The Archaeological Society of Athens: The History of its 150 Years

5461:

Bikelas, Demetrius (1868). "Statistics of the Kingdom of Greece".

4550: 4548: 3259: 3237: 3235: 3110: 3108: 3106: 2390: 2388: 2234: 2232: 7346:

Schmalz, Geoffrey (2006). "The Athenian Prytaneion Discovered?".

6642:

The Restoration of Ancient Monuments in Modern Greece (1834–1939)

5745:

Vrysaki: A Neighborhood Lost in the Search for the Athenian Agora

5198: 5165: 4732: 3884: 3779: 3711: 2780: 2778: 2336: 1611: 1602: 1396: 1229: 1138: 1082: 1054: 1035: 853: 801: 786: 669: 656:

The reception of the new king Otto in Athens on 23 May [

638:

8 November], Pittakis proposed to the Minister for Education

6936:Η Εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία: η ιστορία των 150 χρόνων της 6638:Η Αναστήλωση των αρχαίων μνημείων στη νεώτερη Ελλάδα (1834–1939) 6276:"Mycenae: Past Achievements, Present Tasks and Future Prospects" 5141: 5115: 5026: 4720: 4521: 4477: 4199: 4125: 4089: 4065: 4041: 3815: 3767: 3752: 3680: 3668: 3638: 3615: 3560: 3052: 3013: 1193:

17 June]. At the suggestion of the German classical scholar

898:

Iakovos Rizos Neroulos unsuccessfully petitioned Prime Minister

7189:

Ancient Athens, or the Description of the Antiquities of Athens

6217:(in German). Stendal: Winckelmann-Gesellschaft. pp. 3–24. 4545: 3232: 3196: 3120: 3103: 2385: 2229: 1974:, was hired at the same time as Pittakis, as sub-ephor for the 1410: 836: 797: 771: 432: 360: 70: 6767:

Moore, Dudley; Rowlands, Edward; Karadimas, Nektarios (2014).

5726:

Catalogue of the Acropolis Museum: Volume 1, Archaic Sculpture

4926: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3366: 3364: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 2897: 2895: 2775: 2632: 2630: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2464: 405:

Pittakis later claimed credit for the 1821 rediscovery of the

7727:

Opuscula: Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome

7603:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 364–384. 7185:

L'ancienne Athènes ou la description des antiquités d'Athènes

5814:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 166–177. 4429: 4226: 4140: 1858: 1619: 1598: 1582: 1533: 1517: 1384: 1228:

against Ottoman Turkey. The occupation led to an outbreak of

1211: 1010: 551: 462: 7124:] (in Greek). Athens: Archaeological Society of Athens. 6942:] (in Greek). Athens: Archaeological Society of Athens. 6644:] (in Greek). Athens: Archaeological Society of Athens. 4619: 4617: 4615: 4441: 4159: 4157: 4155: 3917: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3656: 2735: 2588: 2141:

The accusations are reported as fact by the Greek historian

7660:. Athens: Archaeological Resources Fund. pp. 266–275. 6817:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 293–329. 5828: 5631:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 462–481. 5236:. Helsinki: Finnish Institute at Athens. pp. 201–214. 4990: 4788: 3841: 3839: 3446: 3376: 3361: 3303: 2892: 2725: 2723: 2694: 2692: 2627: 2605: 2603: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2516: 2504: 2363: 2351: 1255: 846: 770:

artefacts including three fragments of its north frieze, a

566: 7679:. National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Archived from 5747:. Athens: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 5498:

Buxton Whalley (1851). "A Visit to the 'Maid of Athens'".

4649: 4647: 4377: 4053: 3968: 3966: 3953: 3951: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3895: 3893: 3599: 3597: 3424: 3422: 3042: 3040: 2975: 2973: 2924: 2922: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2244: 7639:

Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture

7329:

Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture

5065: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4748: 4612: 4600: 4316: 4304: 4280: 4189: 4187: 4174: 4172: 4152: 3723: 3699: 3172: 3081: 3079: 2880: 1471:

As a young man, Pittakis was a member of the nationalist

7397:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–96. 7395:

The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500–1492

7147:

Archaeological Handbook 1828–2012: Part 1: Chronological

7142:Πρόχειρον αρχαιολογικόν 1828–2012: Μέρος Ι: Χρονογραφικό 4914: 4867: 4855: 4509: 4502:, a matter of scholarly disagreement and judgement, see 4453: 4270: 4268: 4255: 4253: 4101: 4029: 3995: 3993: 3836: 3542: 3506: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3327: 3325: 3064: 2958: 2795: 2793: 2720: 2689: 2677: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2600: 2564: 2547: 2193: 884:

Ross sent sketches of the inscriptions to Böckh for the

6211:

Akzidenzen 12: Flugblätter der Winckelmann-Gesellschaft

5002: 4938: 4843: 4816: 4776: 4708: 4644: 4465: 4389: 4365: 3978: 3963: 3948: 3929: 3905: 3890: 3644: 3594: 3419: 3388: 3208: 3148: 3091: 3037: 2970: 2919: 2907: 2820: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2283: 2261: 2259: 2130:

Geschichte der Halbinsel Morea während des Mittelalters

2053:

The other members of the committee were the architects

2006:. Finally, it was transferred to the newly-constructed 375:

At the age of eighteen, Pittakis was inducted into the

7293:. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 7153:(in Greek). Athens: Archaeological Society of Athens. 6766: 6732:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 74. 6713:] (in Greek). Athens: Greek Epigraphical Society. 6188: 5250: 5014: 4978: 4895: 4833: 4831: 4634: 4632: 4533: 4292: 4184: 4169: 4077: 3857: 3791: 3582: 3355: 3184: 3160: 3076: 3025: 2768:, p. 903. For the dates of Elgin's removals, see 2492: 2429: 2427: 2406: 2370:, p. 267. The school's name is given in Greek as 2217: 2116:

s editor, and wrote every article in the 1852 edition.

1591:

History of the Morea Peninsula During the Middle Ages,

7331:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 147–164. 5077: 4659: 4328: 4265: 4250: 4238: 4214: 4113: 3990: 3803: 3536:

Etaireia peri anaskafis kai anakalypseos archaiotiton

3494: 3477: 3322: 3220: 2943:, p. 136. Petrakos gives the title in Greek, as 2810: 2808: 2790: 2642: 2412: 1224:

with the aim of preventing Greece from assisting the

1185:

At the society's elections of 26 September [

1153:. At his instigation, the society sold shares in the 672:, then the national capital, on 6 February [ 6521:. London: The British Museum Press. pp. 49–56. 5876:[Journeys in Italy, Greece and the Levant]. 5768:

Ancient Athens: Its History, Topography, and Remains

5364:[The Beulé Gate and the 1854 Poetry Prize]. 4950: 4572: 4560: 4340: 3465: 3434: 3275: 2868: 2439: 2271: 2256: 2205: 2019:

Generally known in scholarship by its Greek title, "

1009:

remains. Throughout 1837–1840, he reconstructed the

1004:

From 1837, Pittakis, assisted by the Swiss sculptor

554:, where he was taught by the scholar and classicist 6769:

In Search of Agamemnon: Early Travellers to Mycenae

6705:Matthiou, Angelos; Pallis, Georgios, eds. (2021). 6371:

Byron's Maid of Athens: Her Family and Surroundings

6015: 5982: 5707:

The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, c. 500 to 1050

4828: 4629: 4023: 3534: 3530:Εταιρεία περί ανασκαφής και ανακαλύψεως αρχαιοτήτων 3247: 3058: 3005: 2950: 2747: 2665: 2615: 2424: 2377: 2175: 2026: 1924: 1712: 1472: 1458: 1311: 1298: 940: 822: 713: 692:; Ross, meanwhile, was appointed sub-ephor for the 485: 377: 302: 7641:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–26. 6497: 6088: 5535: 5125:[Establishment] (in Greek). Archived from 4683: 4677: 3785: 3337: 3019: 2805: 2535: 1424:In 1860, Pittakis edited his final edition of the 7582:Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition 6771:. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press. 6658: 6635: 6616: 6498:Koliopoulos, John S.; Veremis, Thanos M. (2009). 5661: 5059: 5047: 5035: 4483: 4423: 4208: 4134: 4095: 4071: 4047: 3830: 3761: 3717: 3693: 3241: 3202: 3126: 3114: 2843: 2394: 2317: 2238: 1730:columns with cylindrical brickwork, ignoring the 1125:, the society's vice-secretary. On 22 April [ 7869: 6107: 6013: 5874:"Reisen in Italien, Griechenland und der Levant" 5829:Epigraphic Museum of Athens (19 February 2021). 4726: 4011: 3674: 993:The Archaeological Society aimed to support the 982:(a class of mostly-wealthy Greek merchants from 7821:. Groningen: Egbert Forsten. pp. 231–255. 7717: 5287: 4554: 2784: 2714: 2470: 1665:assuming that their conclusion was self-evident 595: 368:, which would continue until 22 June [ 6752:. Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 118–273. 6728:Merry, Bruce (2004). "Chronicle of Anthimos". 6704: 6281:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 6089:Greenberg, Raphael; Hamilakis, Yannis (2022). 5497: 4996: 4527: 2482: 957:17 December] 1836, Pittakis and the 811:The Propylaia on the Acropolis of Athens. The 458:Portrait of Odysseas Androutsos, drawn in 1887 7908:Greek people of the Greek War of Independence 6918:Ταμείο Αρχαιολογικών Πόρων και Απαλλοτριώσεων 6619:Acropolis Restoration: The CCAM Interventions 6072:The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition 5952:Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 5581:International Journal of Islamic Architecture 5362:"La porte Beulé et le prix de poésie de 1854" 7478: 7253:[On the Theatre of Herodes Atticus] 7191:] (in French). Athens: M.E. Antoniades. 6877: 6854: 6815:The Parthenon: From Antiquity to the Present 6621:. Athens: Academy Editions. pp. 69–85. 5463:Journal of the Statistical Society of London 5231: 5095: 4972: 4932: 4447: 4359: 3923: 3459: 3409: 3370: 3316: 3297: 2636: 2529: 2510: 2250: 1861:, where a modern street is named after him. 537:), found by Pittakis on Aegina in early 1829 329: 7601:The Greek Revolution: A Critical Dictionary 7312:. Athens: Benaki Museum. pp. 253–272. 6916: 6835:Αρχείο Ελλήνων Λογοτεχνών: Φίλιππος Ιωάννου 6559:. Oakland: University of California Press. 5854:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 5812:The Greek Revolution: A Critical Dictionary 5559:Ο άνθρωπος που έδωσε όνομα στην Οδό Πιττάκη 5324: 4754: 3528: 2999: 2944: 2371: 2020: 1810: 1452:Pittakis died in Athens on 4 November [ 1104:in 1821; right, by Christian Hansen in 1845 990:28 April] 1837, in the Parthenon. 932: 885: 32: 7598: 7291:The Making of the Modern Greeks: 1400–1820 6812: 6483:] (in Greek). Athens: Kapon Editions. 6322:The Annual of the British School at Athens 5945: 4059: 3382: 2886: 1694:in Athens, entitled "Upon a White Stone". 1552: 1061:and making a tentative exploration of the 680:5 July] by the Minister for Education 463:Reputed 'columns for cannonballs' exchange 359:began in March. When rebel villagers from 42: 7617: 7579: 7537: 7519: 7497: 7483:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6790:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6573: 6535: 6516: 6441:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6436: 6293: 6273: 6147: 6093:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5809: 5728:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5709:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 5629:The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Athens 5552: 5421: 5342: 5071: 4984: 4810: 4623: 4590: 4515: 4495: 4435: 4411: 4310: 4286: 4232: 4163: 4146: 3861: 3845: 3773: 3746: 3705: 3214: 3070: 2964: 2861:Quoted by Ludwig Ross, further quoted by 2769: 2765: 2741: 2729: 2710: 2698: 2683: 2609: 2594: 2582: 2570: 2558: 2486: 2277: 1857:) give his birthplace as the district of 634:. Accepting the role on 20 November [ 616:In August 1832, the German archaeologist 7813: 7776: 7326: 7307: 7288: 7246: 7203: 7182: 7138: 7115: 7092: 7046: 7007:[Bibliography on K.S. Pittakis] 7000: 6954: 6933: 6906: 6746: 6681: 6254: 6169: 5504:. Vol. 30. London. pp. 67–68. 5366:Bulletin de l'Association Guillaume Budé 5208:[Pittakis Kyriakos (1798–1863)] 5099: 5008: 4944: 4920: 4885: 4873: 4861: 4822: 4806: 4794: 4782: 4770: 4766: 4742: 4714: 4653: 4594: 4459: 4407: 4395: 4383: 4371: 4322: 4119: 4035: 3984: 3972: 3957: 3942: 3662: 3650: 3627: 3603: 3576: 3572: 3548: 3524: 3512: 3428: 3413: 3394: 3293: 3281: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3142: 3138: 3097: 3085: 3046: 3031: 2991: 2979: 2940: 2928: 2913: 2901: 2862: 2837: 2458: 2300: 2223: 2199: 2097: 1854: 1701: 1663:These articles have been criticised for 1562: 1374: 1358:. The site was visited by King Otto and 1305: 1259: 1256:Ephor General of Antiquities (1843–1863) 944: 806: 753:broke the nose off a sculpture from the 651: 521: 517: 453: 339: 7636: 7584:. London: Routledge. pp. 119–122. 7392: 7345: 7101:. Athens: Kapon Press. pp. 16–35. 6785: 6730:Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature 6667:. Athens: Kapon Press. pp. 36–57. 6455: 6365: 6318: 5868: 5723: 5622: 5460: 5020: 4849: 4665: 4606: 4503: 4220: 4193: 4083: 3899: 3588: 3527:. Maniatea gives the name in Greek, as 3331: 2994:, p. 57. Petrakos gives the title 2498: 2211: 2041: 1884: 894:8 September] 1836, though the 668:The new king Otto arrived in Greece at 590:Greece's national archaeological museum 7870: 7695: 7674: 7655: 6909:Δοκίµιο για την αρχαιολογική νοµοθεσία 6831: 6474: 6419: 6193:. Houston: University of Texas Press. 5904: 5878:Notizblatt der Allgeimeinen Bauzeitung 5742: 5359: 5331:Comparative Southeast European Studies 5083: 4968: 4908: 4539: 4298: 4274: 4259: 4244: 4178: 4107: 3999: 3911: 3885:Archaeological Society of Athens 2020a 3797: 3500: 3488: 3471: 3440: 3269: 3265: 3226: 2952:epistatis ton en Athinais archaiotiton 2874: 2814: 2799: 2659: 2541: 2418: 2367: 2337:Archaeological Society of Athens 2020b 2265: 1525:Rangavis's eulogy for Pittakis, 1863. 1057:in 1841, clearing the approach to the 761:, the commander-in-chief of Britain's 561:In 1828, he unsuccessfully petitioned 7419: 6880:Journal of the History of Collections 6788:Guide to Byzantine Historical Writing 6727: 6066: 5986:Journal of the History of Collections 5790: 5701: 5574: 5399: 5251:Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina (2008). 4956: 4889: 4837: 4638: 4578: 4566: 4471: 4334: 3809: 3639:Archaeological Society of Athens 2019 3616:Archaeological Society of Athens 2019 3561:Archaeological Society of Athens 2005 2753: 2671: 2621: 2433: 592:(then based on Aegina), for display. 348:, in which Pittakis participated, by 199:. He was the first Greek to serve as 6682:Maniatea, Tonia (19 November 2022). 6576:"The Heritages of the Modern Greeks" 6207: 5849: 5795:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 5761: 5521:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 5516: 4738: 4702: 4346: 3858:Moore, Rowlands & Karadimas 2014 3343: 3253: 2946:ἐπιστάτης τῶν ἐν Ἀθήναις ἀρχαιοτήτων 2849: 2407:Hellmann, Fraisse & Jacques 1982 1823: 1783:The later archaeologist of Mycenae, 7532:. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. 7505:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6913:Essay on Archaeological Legislation 6554: 6540:. Oxford: Wiley. pp. 526–545. 6500:Modern Greece: A History Since 1821 6460:. San Bernardino: The Borgo Press. 6155:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4689: 868:7 July] and 9 August [ 90:23 October] 1863 (aged 65) 13: 7622:. Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing. 7099:Great Moments in Greek Archaeology 7004:Βιβλιογραφία περί του Κ.Σ. Πιττάκη 6665:Great Moments in Greek Archaeology 6295:10.1111/j.2041-5370.2005.tb00259.x 6174:. London: Archetype Publications. 5911:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 1266:Lancelot-Théodore Turpin de Crissé 1034:, having previously excavated its 800:Eduard Laurent, an architect from 660:11 May] 1833, painted by 195:23 October] 1863) was a Greek 14: 7929: 7618:Tomlinson, Richard Allan (1991). 6636:Mallouchou-Tufano, Fani (1998). 6538:A Companion to Greek Architecture 2585:, n. 53, with bibliography.. 7718:Van Rookhuijzen, Janric (2021). 7204:Pittakis, Kyriakos, ed. (1852). 6074:. Abingdon: Taylor and Francis. 5540:. Athens: ESMA. pp. 12–20. 5257:Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 5200:Archaeological Society of Athens 5167:Archaeological Society of Athens 5147:"'Archaiologike Ephemeris' (ΑΕ)" 5143:Archaeological Society of Athens 5117:Archaeological Society of Athens 4879: 4760: 4695: 4584: 4489: 4352: 3621: 3518: 2364:Epigraphic Museum of Athens 2021 2352:Epigraphic Museum of Athens 2021 2155: 2135: 2119: 2103: 2090: 2077: 2047: 2034: 2013: 1992: 1763: 1754: 1504: 1404:in 1848–1858, in which he found 1090: 1081: 967:Archaeological Society of Athens 941:Archaeological Society of Athens 876:17 July] and 10 August [ 398:, later a noted classicist, and 346:1821–1822 siege of the Acropolis 228:Archaeological Society of Athens 166: 7701:A Global Chronology of Conflict 7479:Sotiropoulos, Michalis (2022). 7250:Περὶ Θεάτρου Ἠρώδου τοῦ Ἀττικοῦ 6376:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 5831:"Κυριακός Πιττάκης (1798–1863)" 5666:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 5290:Journal of Modern Greek Studies 5108: 4498:, p. 39. For the dates of 4024:Galanakis & Nowak-Kemp 2013 3287: 3132: 3059:Galanakis & Nowak-Kemp 2013 2985: 2934: 2855: 2759: 2357: 2306: 1964: 1941: 1932: 1913: 1890: 1877: 1864: 1610:populations within the Ottoman 833:Choragic Monument of Lysicrates 290:Louis-François-Sébastien Fauvel 16:Greek archaeologist (1798–1863) 5905:Fowden, Elizabeth Key (2018). 4678:Koliopoulos & Veremis 2009 3786:Casanaki & Mallouchou 1985 3637:s status in modern times, see 3020:Greenberg & Hamilakis 2022 1847: 1830: 1812:Corpus Inscriptionum Graecorum 1466: 1419:siege of the Acropolis in 1687 887:Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum 847:"Naval Records Affair" of 1836 823: 576:Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum 526:The grave stele of Phainippe ( 1: 7441:10.1080/08905495.2020.1733317 7116:Petrakos, Vasileios (2011). 6934:Petrakos, Vasileios (1987). 6907:Petrakos, Vasileios (1982). 5205:Πιττάκης Kυριακός (1798–1863) 2379:Scholi tou Koinou ton Athinon 2187: 1910:'Society of Friends'. 1568: 1508:Whoever at any time ascended 1492: 1321: 949:Floor plan of the Erechtheion 852:and 1835, excavations in the 835:, along with a dedication to 527: 265: 215:of the nineteenth century". 49: 7913:Members of the Filiki Eteria 7850:Ephor-General of Antiquities 7289:Pizanias, Petros T. (2020). 7139:Petrakos, Vasileios (2013). 7047:Petrakos, Vasileios (2004). 7001:Petrakos, Vasileios (1993). 6955:Petrakos, Vasileios (1989). 6274:Iakovidis, Spyridon (2005). 5946:Gabrielsen, Vincent (2014). 5880:(in German). Vienna: 21–26. 5325:Auernheimer, Gustav (1998). 4727:Hamilakis & Yalouri 1999 4012:Galanakis & Skaltsa 2012 3675:Hamilakis & Yalouri 1999 1836:Until 1923, Greece used the 1818: 1697: 1651:Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos 1535: 1368: 1220:, British and French troops 1210: 1148: 1140: 1132: 1064: 1044: 1037: 1012: 995:Greek Archaeological Service 813: 741: 686:Greek Archaeological Service 596:Greek Archaeological Service 408: 366:First Siege of the Acropolis 364:Acropolis and beginning the 205:Greek Archaeological Service 201:Ephor General of Antiquities 127:Ephor General of Antiquities 116:Greek Archaeological Service 7: 7888:19th-century archaeologists 7777:Veloudis, Georgios (1970). 7703:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 7677:"Panorama of Personalities" 7675:Tsouli, Chrysanthi (2021). 7429:Nineteenth-Century Contexts 7247:Pittakis, Kyriakos (1858). 7183:Pittakis, Kyriakos (1835). 6475:Kokkou, Angeliki (2009) . 6458:The Ecumenical Patriarchate 6456:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). 6437:Kaldellis, Anthony (2009). 6255:Herzfeld, Michael (2020) . 6016: 5627:; Rogers, Dylan K. (eds.). 3535: 3356:Athanassoglou-Kallmyer 2008 3006: 2951: 2378: 2373:Σχολή του Κοινού των Αθηνών 2176: 2027: 1925: 1874:since its conquest in 1456. 1713: 1473: 1459: 1312: 1299: 900:Josef Ludwig von Armansperg 714: 486: 378: 303: 222:and the early years of the 10: 7934: 7893:Archaeologists from Athens 6052:10.2972/hesperia.81.4.0619 6036:10.2972/hesperia.81.4.0619 5791:Dyson, Stephen L. (2008). 5771:. London: Bell and Daldy. 5212:(in Greek). Archived from 5179:(in Greek). Archived from 4997:Matthiou & Pallis 2021 4528:Matthiou & Pallis 2021 1556: 1334:, an archaeologist of the 905:Hermann von Pückler-Muskau 333: 7856: 7847: 7839: 7620:The Athens of Alma Tadema 7403:10.1017/CHOL9780521832311 6917: 6786:Neville, Leonora (2018). 6574:Mackridge, Peter (2012). 6335:10.1017/S0068245400015598 6125:10.1017/S138020380000146X 6020:from an Athenian Grave". 5850:Fine, John V.A. (1991) . 5679:10.1017/S0075426900001488 5575:Cohen, Elizabeth (2018). 5519:The Archaeology of Athens 5438:10.1017/S0018246X15000242 5407:. London: Profile Books. 5344:10.1515/soeu-1998-471-203 4358:Quoted and translated in 3529: 3000: 2945: 2372: 2165: 2021: 1951: 1900: 1670: 1587:Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer 1567:Portrait of Fallmerayer, 1559:Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer 1242:Charalampos Christopoulos 953:On 29 December [ 579:. On 27 March 1828 [ 502:taken from the temple by 475:The story is most likely 449:Thomas Leverton Donaldson 417:and by the Swiss scholar 400:Alexandros Rizos Rangavis 357:Greek War of Independence 336:Greek War of Independence 330:Greek War of Independence 326:" of Byron's 1811 poem. 262:to suit his own beliefs. 191:; 1798 – 4 November [ 188: 165: 160: 152: 144: 140:Ephor General (1843–1863) 136: 121: 111: 101: 82: 59: 41: 33: 30: 23: 7898:Ephors General of Greece 7249: 7206:"Archaeological Journal" 7141: 7117: 7049: 7003: 6957: 6935: 6908: 6856: 6834: 6706: 6684: 6637: 6476: 6422:Archäologischer Anzeiger 6113:Archaeological Dialogues 5558: 5204: 5171: 5121: 1923:, who was active in the 1632:Johann Wilhelm Zinkeisen 1402:Odeon of Herodes Atticus 1344:Alexandre de Forth-Rouen 1167:Konstantinos Kouroniotis 1110:On 21 January [ 969:on 18 January [ 817:can be seen on the left. 723:Treaty of Constantinople 372:10 June] 1822. 31: 7860:Panagiotis Efstratiadis 7739:10.30549/opathrom-14-16 7420:Smith, Lindsay (2020). 7261:(in Greek): 1707–1714. 6832:Pantos, Petros (2008). 5743:Dumont, Sylvie (2020). 4593:, p. 333, quoting 2316:, 1840/1841, quoted in 2087:31 December 1848]. 1961:''Great Idea''. 1677:Académie des Beaux-Arts 1656:Chronicle of Monemvasia 1553:Fallmerayer controversy 1336:French School at Athens 1163:Panagiotis Efstratiadis 1155:National Bank of Greece 725:of 30 August [ 628:Nathaniel Parker Willis 7213:Archaeological Journal 6583:British Academy Review 6424:(in German): 755–762. 6259:. New York: Berghahn. 6170:Haugsted, Ida (1996). 5724:Dickins, Guy (2014) . 5517:Camp, John M. (2001). 5425:The Historical Journal 5378:10.3406/bude.1958.3823 5060:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 5048:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 5036:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 4484:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 4424:Mallouchou-Tufano 1994 4209:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 4135:Mallouchou-Tufano 1994 4096:Mallouchou-Tufano 1994 4072:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 4048:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 3831:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 3776:, pp. 27–31, 214. 3762:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 3718:Mallouchou-Tufano 1998 3694:Mallouchou-Tufano 1994 3630:, p. 21. For the 3242:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 3203:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 3127:Mallouchou-Tufano 1994 3115:Mallouchou-Tufano 1994 2395:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 2318:Mallouchou-Tufano 2007 2239:Constantakopoulou 2008 2129: 2109:Pittakis remained the 2055:Lysandros Kaftanzoglou 2028:Archaiologiki Efimeris 1811: 1707: 1578: 1426:Archaeological Journal 1380: 1327: 1287:Archaeological Journal 1269: 1248:. On 5 June [ 1238:Archaeological Journal 999:Archaeological Journal 950: 933: 886: 818: 665: 640:Iakovos Rizos Neroulos 538: 510:and the archaeologist 481:Aristotelis Valaoritis 459: 352: 7259:Αρχαιολογική Εφημερίς 6796:10.1017/9781139626880 6502:. Chichester: Wiley. 5637:10.1017/9781108614054 5593:10.1386/ijia.7.1.85_1 5360:Baelen, Jean (1958). 5302:10.1353/mgs.2002.0018 2314:Jean Alexandre Buchon 2312:The French historian 2022:Αρχαιολογική Εφημερίς 1926:Philomousos Hetaireia 1705: 1595:early medieval period 1566: 1378: 1309: 1279:Temple of Athena Nike 1263: 948: 810: 655: 573:for inclusion in the 525: 518:Archaeological career 457: 424:Chronicle of Anthimos 343: 304:Philomousos Hetaireia 260:archaeological record 240:Temple of Athena Nike 129:; restoration of the 86:4 November [ 77:, Ottoman Empire 7903:Greek archaeologists 7362:10.2972/hesp.75.1.33 7234:on 22 September 2022 7080:on 22 September 2022 7034:on 22 September 2022 5501:Bentley's Miscellany 4892:, pp. 7–8, 292. 4555:Van Rookhuijzen 2021 2785:Van Rookhuijzen 2021 2715:Van Rookhuijzen 2021 2471:Athanassopoulou 2002 1413:forces commanded by 1393:Old Acropolis Museum 1332:Charles Ernest Beulé 1246:Stefanos Koumanoudis 1222:occupied the Piraeus 1072:Tomb of Clytemnestra 962:Konstantinos Bellios 710:Temple of Hephaestus 611:Otto von Wittelsbach 563:Ioannis Kapodistrias 556:Konstantinos Asopios 350:Panagiotis Zographos 189:Κυριακός Σ. Πιττάκης 177:Kyriakos S. Pittakis 64:Kyriakos S. Pittakis 7683:on 21 December 2022 6242:on 10 February 2020 5970:on 22 December 2022 5892:on 20 December 2022 5610:on 23 December 2022 5556:(1 November 2021). 4438:, pp. 910–911. 4235:, pp. 490–491. 4149:, pp. 452–453. 3665:, pp. 192–193. 2904:, pp. 134–135. 2772:, pp. 102, 160 2744:, pp. 911–912. 2597:, pp. 923–924. 2483:Buxton Whalley 1851 1980:Athanasios Iatridis 1853:Some sources (e.g. 1798:Heinrich Schliemann 1692:Epigraphical Museum 1681:Andreas Moustoxydis 1520:of those ancients. 1477:, and he expressed 1116:Skarlatos Vyzantios 763:Mediterranean Fleet 712:(then known as the 586:Andreas Moustoxydis 535: 390 BCE 415:Odysseas Androutsos 209:Acropolis of Athens 131:Acropolis of Athens 7783:Südost-Forschungen 7697:Tucker, Spencer C. 7521:St. Clair, William 7499:St. Clair, William 6892:10.1093/jhc/fhu018 6692:on 1 February 2023 6604:on 27 January 2023 6555:Lee, Toby (2020). 6519:Acropolis Restored 5999:10.1093/jhc/fhq040 5923:10.1017/byz.2018.8 5837:on 8 December 2022 5763:Dyer, Thomas Henry 5554:Chaniotis, Angelos 5219:on 1 November 2021 4797:, pp. 58, 78. 2004:Tower of the Winds 1872:under Ottoman rule 1785:Spyridon Iakovidis 1775:Théodose du Moncel 1708: 1647:Anagyroi Chronicle 1579: 1415:Francesco Morosini 1381: 1328: 1310:One of Pittakis's 1270: 1234:Georgios Gennadios 1195:Friedrich Thiersch 1018:the south porch's 1006:Heinrich Max Imhof 951: 896:Education Minister 819: 682:Spyridon Trikoupis 666: 613:as Greece's king. 588:, the director of 539: 512:Manolis Andronikos 460: 353: 344:A painting of the 277:Panagiotis Palamas 203:, the head of the 7866: 7865: 7857:Succeeded by 7828:978-90-04-49546-3 7710:978-1-85109-672-5 7667:978-960-386-441-7 7648:978-0-19-967275-2 7629:978-0-86299-876-9 7610:978-0-674-25932-4 7591:978-1-135-94206-9 7549:978-1-78374-461-9 7539:10.11647/OBP.0136 7512:978-0-19-288053-6 7490:978-1-009-25465-6 7412:978-1-139-05599-4 7338:978-0-19-967275-2 7319:978-960-8347-96-0 7300:978-1-5275-6248-6 7276:on 7 January 2022 7170:on 5 October 2022 7160:978-618-5047-00-9 7131:978-960-8145-86-3 7108:978-0-89236-910-2 6988:on 8 January 2022 6870:978-618-5459-04-8 6824:978-0-521-82093-6 6805:978-1-139-62688-0 6778:978-1-4438-5776-5 6759:978-90-04-29036-5 6739:978-0-313-30813-0 6720:978-618-5459-04-8 6674:978-0-89236-910-2 6651:978-960-7036-78-0 6628:978-1-85490-344-0 6566:978-0-520-37902-2 6547:978-1-4443-3599-6 6528:978-0-86159-187-9 6509:978-1-4443-1483-0 6490:978-960-6878-11-4 6467:978-1-4344-5876-6 6448:978-0-521-88228-6 6266:978-1-78920-722-4 6200:978-0-89090-032-1 6181:978-1-873132-75-3 6162:978-0-19-923038-9 6149:Hamilakis, Yannis 6109:Hamilakis, Yannis 6100:978-1-009-16023-0 6081:978-1-317-97211-2 5861:978-0-472-08149-3 5821:978-0-674-25932-4 5802:978-0-300-13497-1 5754:978-1-62139-037-4 5735:978-1-107-41801-1 5716:978-0-7486-4489-6 5646:978-1-108-61405-4 5528:978-0-300-13815-3 5414:978-1-84668-349-7 5275:on 17 August 2022 5243:978-951-98806-8-6 5096:Papazarkadas 2014 5062:, pp. 44–46. 5050:, pp. 45–46. 4973:Papazarkadas 2014 4933:Papazarkadas 2014 4773:, pp. 77–78. 4680:, pp. 20–21. 4609:, pp. 91–96. 4506:, pp. 21–26. 4474:, pp. 74–75. 4448:Papazarkadas 2014 4426:, pp. 74–75. 4386:, pp. 25–26. 4360:Papazarkadas 2014 4110:, pp. 93–94. 3924:Sotiropoulos 2022 3460:Papazarkadas 2014 3410:Papazarkadas 2014 3385:, pp. 39–40. 3371:Papazarkadas 2014 3317:Papazarkadas 2014 3298:Papazarkadas 2014 3181:, pp. 84–85. 2637:Papadopoulos 2021 2530:Papazarkadas 2014 2511:Arnaoutoglou 2008 2251:Papazarkadas 2014 2202:, pp. 24–26. 2177:Epi Petras Lefkis 2174: 2166:Επί πέτρας λευκής 2143:Georgios Veloudis 2000:Hadrian's Library 1960: 1909: 1824:Explanatory notes 1802:Christos Tsountas 1529: 1528: 1479:Greek nationalist 1474:Philiki Hetaireia 1460:Philiki Hetaireia 1199:Georgios Glarakis 1180:walls of the city 917:Ioannis Benthylos 730:August [ 690:Adolf Weissenberg 544:Hadrian's Library 500:Parthenon marbles 429:Ioannis Venizelos 389:Philippos Ioannou 379:Philiki Hetaireia 224:Kingdom of Greece 174: 173: 95:Kingdom of Greece 75:Sanjak of Eğriboz 34:Κυριακός Πιττάκης 25:Kyriakos Pittakis 7925: 7840:Preceded by 7837: 7836: 7832: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7801:on 23 April 2023 7797:. Archived from 7773: 7771: 7769: 7764:on 9 August 2022 7763: 7757:. Archived from 7724: 7714: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7671: 7652: 7633: 7614: 7595: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7566: 7560:. Archived from 7541: 7531: 7516: 7494: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7465: 7459:. Archived from 7426: 7416: 7389: 7342: 7323: 7304: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7275: 7269:. Archived from 7256: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7233: 7227:. Archived from 7210: 7200: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7169: 7163:. Archived from 7152: 7135: 7112: 7095:Valavanis, Panos 7089: 7087: 7085: 7079: 7073:. Archived from 7056: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7033: 7027:. Archived from 7010: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6987: 6981:. Archived from 6964: 6951: 6930: 6920: 6919: 6903: 6874: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6842:on 19 March 2023 6828: 6809: 6782: 6763: 6743: 6724: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6678: 6661:Valavanis, Panos 6655: 6632: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6603: 6597:. Archived from 6580: 6570: 6551: 6532: 6513: 6494: 6471: 6452: 6433: 6416: 6367:Jenkins, Romilly 6362: 6315: 6297: 6270: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6241: 6235:. Archived from 6216: 6204: 6185: 6166: 6144: 6104: 6085: 6063: 6019: 6010: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5966:. Archived from 5942: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5888:. Archived from 5865: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5833:. Archived from 5825: 5806: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5758: 5739: 5720: 5698: 5658: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5609: 5603:. Archived from 5571: 5569: 5567: 5549: 5532: 5513: 5494: 5457: 5418: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5356: 5346: 5321: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5271:. Archived from 5247: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5185: 5178: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5149:. Archived from 5138: 5136: 5134: 5129:on 24 April 2023 5103: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5006: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4893: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4764: 4758: 4755:Auernheimer 1998 4752: 4746: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4642: 4636: 4627: 4621: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4500:Byzantine Greece 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4363: 4356: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4263: 4257: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4197: 4191: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3961: 3955: 3946: 3940: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3882: 3865: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3834: 3828: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3750: 3744: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3417: 3407: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3320: 3314: 3301: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2818: 2812: 2803: 2797: 2788: 2782: 2773: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2718: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2640: 2634: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2437: 2431: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2383: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2340: 2334: 2321: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2181: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2159: 2153: 2151: 2139: 2133: 2123: 2117: 2115: 2107: 2101: 2094: 2088: 2081: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2051: 2045: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2008:Acropolis Museum 1996: 1990: 1988: 1972:Ioannis Kokkonis 1968: 1962: 1955: 1953: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1928: 1917: 1911: 1904: 1902: 1894: 1888: 1881: 1875: 1870:Athens had been 1868: 1862: 1851: 1845: 1834: 1814: 1795: 1792: 1767: 1758: 1745:Nikolaos Balanos 1716: 1640: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1538: 1510:that sacred hill 1505: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1476: 1462: 1371: 1326: 1325: 1868–1875 1323: 1320:), photographed 1315: 1302: 1275:Parthenon mosque 1215: 1207: 1177: 1174: 1151: 1143: 1135: 1124: 1094: 1085: 1067: 1047: 1040: 1015: 936: 925: 913:Ioannis Kolettis 889: 826: 825: 816: 794:Christian Hansen 790:Eduard Schaubert 759:Pulteney Malcolm 755:Parthenon frieze 744: 717: 648: 536: 532: 529: 489: 411: 397: 383:, a nationalist 381: 306: 287: 284: 190: 170: 148:Aikaterini Makri 54: 51: 46: 36: 35: 21: 20: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7868: 7867: 7862: 7853: 7845: 7835: 7829: 7815:Voutsaki, Sofia 7804: 7802: 7767: 7765: 7761: 7722: 7711: 7686: 7684: 7668: 7649: 7630: 7611: 7592: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7550: 7529: 7513: 7491: 7469: 7467: 7466:on 29 June 2022 7463: 7424: 7413: 7339: 7320: 7301: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7254: 7251: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7208: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7150: 7143: 7132: 7119: 7109: 7083: 7081: 7077: 7054: 7051: 7037: 7035: 7031: 7008: 7005: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6962: 6959: 6937: 6910: 6871: 6858: 6845: 6843: 6836: 6825: 6806: 6779: 6760: 6740: 6721: 6708: 6695: 6693: 6686: 6675: 6652: 6639: 6629: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6578: 6567: 6548: 6529: 6510: 6491: 6478: 6468: 6449: 6267: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6225: 6214: 6201: 6182: 6163: 6101: 6082: 5973: 5971: 5895: 5893: 5870:Förster, Ludwig 5862: 5840: 5838: 5822: 5803: 5781: 5779: 5755: 5736: 5717: 5647: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5529: 5475:10.2307/2338853 5415: 5390: 5388: 5278: 5276: 5244: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5206: 5189: 5187: 5186:on 16 July 2020 5183: 5176: 5173: 5156: 5154: 5132: 5130: 5123: 5111: 5106: 5098:, p. 403; 5094: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5034: 5027: 5019: 5015: 5007: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4983: 4979: 4971:, p. 267; 4967: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4896: 4884: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4836: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4749: 4737: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4713: 4709: 4700: 4696: 4688: 4684: 4676: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4652: 4645: 4637: 4630: 4622: 4613: 4605: 4601: 4589: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4565: 4561: 4553: 4546: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4494: 4490: 4482: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4406: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4366: 4357: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4325:, p. 1711. 4321: 4317: 4309: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4207: 4200: 4192: 4185: 4177: 4170: 4162: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4133: 4126: 4118: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4070: 4066: 4060:Ousterhout 2005 4058: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3964: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3914:, p. 1210. 3910: 3906: 3898: 3891: 3883: 3868: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3760: 3753: 3745: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3661: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3602: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3575:, p. 175; 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3420: 3412:, p. 404; 3408: 3401: 3393: 3389: 3383:Gabrielsen 2014 3381: 3377: 3369: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3323: 3315: 3304: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268:, p. 160; 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3185: 3177: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3137: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3113: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3014: 2990: 2986: 2978: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2939: 2935: 2927: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2900: 2893: 2887:Stefanidis 2021 2885: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2860: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2821: 2813: 2806: 2798: 2791: 2783: 2776: 2764: 2760: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2721: 2713:, p. 926; 2709: 2705: 2697: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2643: 2635: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2608: 2601: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2548: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2517: 2509: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2457: 2440: 2432: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2393: 2386: 2362: 2358: 2350: 2343: 2335: 2324: 2311: 2307: 2299: 2284: 2276: 2272: 2264: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2184: 2160: 2156: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2095: 2091: 2082: 2078: 2065: 2063:Dimitrios Zezos 2052: 2048: 2039: 2035: 2018: 2014: 1997: 1993: 1982: 1970:Another Greek, 1969: 1965: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1918: 1914: 1901:Φιλικὴ Ἑταιρεία 1895: 1891: 1882: 1878: 1869: 1865: 1852: 1848: 1840:, known as the 1838:Julian calendar 1835: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1760: 1759: 1700: 1673: 1634: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1555: 1499: 1495: 1469: 1324: 1258: 1201: 1169: 1118: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1087: 1086: 943: 919: 849: 642: 598: 534: 530: 520: 508:Melina Mercouri 465: 391: 338: 332: 310:learned society 279: 268: 97: 91: 78: 68: 66: 65: 55: 52: 37: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7931: 7921: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7864: 7863: 7858: 7855: 7846: 7841: 7834: 7833: 7827: 7811: 7774: 7715: 7709: 7693: 7672: 7666: 7653: 7647: 7634: 7628: 7615: 7609: 7596: 7590: 7577: 7567:on 27 May 2022 7548: 7517: 7511: 7495: 7489: 7476: 7435:(2): 137–158. 7417: 7411: 7390: 7343: 7337: 7324: 7318: 7305: 7299: 7286: 7244: 7201: 7180: 7159: 7136: 7130: 7113: 7107: 7090: 7044: 6998: 6952: 6931: 6904: 6886:(3): 399–412. 6875: 6869: 6852: 6829: 6823: 6810: 6804: 6783: 6777: 6764: 6758: 6744: 6738: 6725: 6719: 6702: 6679: 6673: 6656: 6650: 6633: 6627: 6614: 6571: 6565: 6552: 6546: 6533: 6527: 6514: 6508: 6495: 6489: 6472: 6466: 6453: 6447: 6434: 6417: 6389:10.2307/628366 6363: 6316: 6271: 6265: 6252: 6223: 6205: 6199: 6186: 6180: 6167: 6161: 6145: 6119:(2): 115–135. 6105: 6099: 6086: 6080: 6068:Grant, Michael 6064: 6030:(4): 619–653. 6011: 5980: 5943: 5917:(2): 261–274. 5902: 5866: 5860: 5847: 5826: 5820: 5807: 5801: 5788: 5759: 5753: 5740: 5734: 5721: 5715: 5699: 5659: 5645: 5625:Neils, Jenifer 5620: 5572: 5550: 5533: 5527: 5514: 5495: 5469:(3): 265–298. 5458: 5432:(3): 903–926. 5419: 5413: 5397: 5357: 5322: 5296:(2): 273–305. 5285: 5248: 5242: 5229: 5196: 5163: 5153:on 13 May 2023 5139: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5102:, p. 103. 5088: 5076: 5074:, p. 163. 5072:Iakovidis 2005 5064: 5052: 5040: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4985:Lambrinou 2016 4977: 4975:, p. 402. 4961: 4949: 4937: 4925: 4923:, p. 137. 4913: 4911:, p. 273. 4894: 4878: 4876:, p. 253. 4866: 4864:, p. 151. 4854: 4852:, p. 131. 4842: 4827: 4815: 4813:, p. 115. 4811:Hamilakis 2007 4809:, p. 58; 4799: 4787: 4775: 4759: 4747: 4741:, p. 60; 4731: 4729:, p. 129. 4719: 4707: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4658: 4643: 4628: 4626:, p. 912. 4624:Beresford 2016 4611: 4599: 4597:, p. 379. 4591:St. Clair 1998 4583: 4571: 4559: 4557:, p. 348. 4544: 4542:, p. 241. 4532: 4520: 4516:Mackridge 2012 4508: 4496:Mackridge 2012 4488: 4476: 4464: 4462:, p. 127. 4452: 4450:, p. 406. 4440: 4436:Beresford 2016 4428: 4416: 4414:, p. 912. 4412:Beresford 2016 4410:, p. 26; 4400: 4388: 4376: 4364: 4351: 4349:, p. 351. 4339: 4337:, p. 132. 4327: 4315: 4313:, p. 493. 4311:St. Clair 2022 4303: 4301:, p. 270. 4291: 4289:, p. 491. 4287:St. Clair 2022 4279: 4264: 4249: 4237: 4233:St. Clair 2022 4225: 4213: 4198: 4183: 4181:, p. 272. 4168: 4166:, p. 321. 4164:St. Clair 1998 4151: 4147:St. Clair 2022 4139: 4124: 4112: 4100: 4088: 4076: 4064: 4062:, p. 324. 4052: 4040: 4038:, p. 115. 4028: 4016: 4004: 3989: 3977: 3962: 3947: 3928: 3926:, p. 180. 3916: 3904: 3902:, p. 467. 3889: 3866: 3864:, p. 163. 3862:Iakovidis 2005 3850: 3846:Lambrinou 2012 3835: 3814: 3812:, p. 154. 3802: 3800:, p. 105. 3790: 3778: 3774:Kaldellis 2009 3766: 3751: 3749:, p. 531. 3747:Lambrinou 2016 3722: 3720:, p. 367. 3710: 3708:, p. 372. 3706:St. Clair 2022 3698: 3679: 3677:, p. 118. 3667: 3655: 3643: 3620: 3608: 3593: 3581: 3579:, p. 245. 3565: 3553: 3551:, p. 220. 3541: 3517: 3515:, p. 134. 3505: 3503:, p. 175. 3493: 3491:, p. 269. 3476: 3464: 3462:, p. 404. 3445: 3433: 3431:, p. 103. 3418: 3399: 3397:, p. 102. 3387: 3375: 3373:, p. 403. 3360: 3348: 3336: 3321: 3319:, p. 402. 3302: 3286: 3274: 3272:, p. 269. 3258: 3256:, p. 373. 3246: 3231: 3229:, p. 755. 3219: 3215:Tomlinson 1991 3207: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3157:, p. 140. 3147: 3131: 3119: 3102: 3100:, p. 137. 3090: 3075: 3073:, p. 176. 3071:Efthymiou 2021 3063: 3051: 3049:, p. 135. 3036: 3024: 3012: 2984: 2982:, p. 126. 2969: 2967:, p. 125. 2965:St. Clair 2022 2957: 2933: 2931:, p. 133. 2918: 2916:, p. 122. 2906: 2891: 2889:, p. 368. 2879: 2867: 2865:, p. 122. 2854: 2842: 2840:, p. 136. 2819: 2804: 2802:, p. 158. 2789: 2787:, p. 349. 2774: 2770:St. Clair 1998 2766:Beresford 2016 2758: 2746: 2742:Beresford 2016 2734: 2732:, p. 906. 2730:Beresford 2016 2719: 2717:, p. 349. 2711:Beresford 2016 2703: 2701:, p. 916. 2699:Beresford 2016 2688: 2686:, p. 903. 2684:Beresford 2016 2676: 2664: 2662:, p. 268. 2641: 2639:, p. 115. 2626: 2614: 2612:, p. 271. 2610:St. Clair 2022 2599: 2595:Beresford 2016 2587: 2583:Beresford 2016 2575: 2573:, p. 923. 2571:Beresford 2016 2563: 2561:, p. 908. 2559:Beresford 2016 2546: 2534: 2532:, p. 401. 2515: 2513:, p. 203. 2503: 2501:, p. 200. 2491: 2489:, p. 120. 2487:Tomlinson 2021 2485:, p. 68; 2475: 2473:, p. 295. 2463: 2438: 2423: 2421:, p. 262. 2411: 2399: 2384: 2356: 2341: 2322: 2305: 2303:, p. 245. 2282: 2278:Chaniotis 2021 2270: 2268:, p. 267. 2255: 2253:, p. 405. 2243: 2241:, p. 297. 2228: 2226:, p. 135. 2216: 2204: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2154: 2134: 2118: 2102: 2089: 2076: 2059:Panagis Kalkos 2046: 2033: 2012: 1991: 1976:Aegean Islands 1963: 1940: 1931: 1921:Anthimos Gazis 1912: 1889: 1876: 1863: 1846: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1772: 1771: 1762: 1761: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1699: 1696: 1672: 1669: 1554: 1551: 1547:Charles Newton 1527: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1468: 1465: 1389:Frankish Tower 1257: 1254: 1226:Russian Empire 1102:Edward Dodwell 1099: 1098: 1089: 1088: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1076: 1050:British Museum 959:philanthropist 942: 939: 848: 845: 783:Leo von Klenze 662:Peter von Hess 597: 594: 548:Ionian Academy 519: 516: 470:laconic phrase 464: 461: 419:Felix Stähelin 385:secret society 334:Main article: 331: 328: 324:Maid of Athens 267: 264: 248:Ancient Greece 220:Ottoman period 172: 171: 163: 162: 158: 157: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 123: 122:Known for 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 92: 84: 80: 79: 69: 63: 61: 57: 56: 47: 39: 38: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7930: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7861: 7852: 7851: 7844: 7838: 7830: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7785:(in German). 7784: 7780: 7775: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7721: 7716: 7712: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7682: 7678: 7673: 7669: 7663: 7659: 7654: 7650: 7644: 7640: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7621: 7616: 7612: 7606: 7602: 7597: 7593: 7587: 7583: 7578: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7486: 7482: 7477: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7423: 7418: 7414: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7344: 7340: 7334: 7330: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7311: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7292: 7287: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7252: 7245: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7207: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7181: 7166: 7162: 7156: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7123: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7091: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7052: 7045: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7006: 6999: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6960: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6914: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6853: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6770: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6741: 6735: 6731: 6726: 6722: 6716: 6712: 6703: 6691: 6687: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6634: 6630: 6624: 6620: 6615: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6572: 6568: 6562: 6558: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6539: 6534: 6530: 6524: 6520: 6515: 6511: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6482: 6473: 6469: 6463: 6459: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6258: 6253: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6224:3-910060-38-2 6220: 6213: 6212: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6173: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5987: 5981: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5903: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5853: 5848: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5794: 5789: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5703:Curta, Florin 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5587:(1): 85–106. 5586: 5582: 5578: 5573: 5561: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5502: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5406: 5405:The Parthenon 5402: 5398: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5372:(2): 92–116. 5371: 5368:(in French). 5367: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5337:(1–2): 1–17. 5336: 5332: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5286: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5215: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5182: 5174: 5168: 5164: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5101: 5100:Petrakos 2013 5097: 5092: 5086:, p. 91. 5085: 5080: 5073: 5068: 5061: 5056: 5049: 5044: 5038:, p. 45. 5037: 5032: 5030: 5023:, p. 72. 5022: 5017: 5011:, p. 60. 5010: 5009:Petrakos 2011 5005: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4981: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4959:, p. 75. 4958: 4953: 4947:, p. 23. 4946: 4945:Petrakos 1989 4941: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4921:Petrakos 2011 4917: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4891: 4887: 4886:Mishkova 2015 4882: 4875: 4874:Plantzos 2008 4870: 4863: 4862:Plantzos 2014 4858: 4851: 4846: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4825:, p. 22. 4824: 4823:Petrakos 1989 4819: 4812: 4808: 4807:Veloudis 1970 4803: 4796: 4795:Veloudis 1970 4791: 4785:, p. 77. 4784: 4783:Veloudis 1970 4779: 4772: 4771:Herzfeld 2020 4768: 4767:Mishkova 2015 4763: 4756: 4751: 4745:, p. 77. 4744: 4743:Herzfeld 2020 4740: 4735: 4728: 4723: 4717:, p. 77. 4716: 4715:Herzfeld 2020 4711: 4704: 4698: 4692:, p. 36. 4691: 4686: 4679: 4674: 4667: 4662: 4656:, p. 78. 4655: 4654:Herzfeld 2020 4650: 4648: 4640: 4635: 4633: 4625: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4608: 4603: 4596: 4595:Pittakis 1835 4592: 4587: 4581:, p. 96. 4580: 4575: 4569:, p. 95. 4568: 4563: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4541: 4536: 4529: 4524: 4518:, p. 39. 4517: 4512: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4486:, p. 49. 4485: 4480: 4473: 4468: 4461: 4460:Petrakos 1993 4456: 4449: 4444: 4437: 4432: 4425: 4420: 4413: 4409: 4408:Petrakos 1989 4404: 4398:, p. 24. 4397: 4396:Petrakos 1989 4392: 4385: 4384:Petrakos 1989 4380: 4374:, p. 25. 4373: 4372:Petrakos 1989 4368: 4361: 4355: 4348: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4324: 4323:Pittakis 1858 4319: 4312: 4307: 4300: 4295: 4288: 4283: 4277:, p. 98. 4276: 4271: 4269: 4262:, p. 97. 4261: 4256: 4254: 4247:, p. 95. 4246: 4241: 4234: 4229: 4222: 4217: 4211:, p. 46. 4210: 4205: 4203: 4196:, p. 93. 4195: 4190: 4188: 4180: 4175: 4173: 4165: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4148: 4143: 4137:, p. 46. 4136: 4131: 4129: 4121: 4120:Pittakis 1852 4116: 4109: 4104: 4098:, p. 74. 4097: 4092: 4086:, p. 92. 4085: 4080: 4074:, p. 41. 4073: 4068: 4061: 4056: 4050:, p. 37. 4049: 4044: 4037: 4036:Haugsted 1996 4032: 4025: 4020: 4013: 4008: 4002:, p. 89. 4001: 3996: 3994: 3987:, p. 59. 3986: 3985:Petrakos 2011 3981: 3975:, p. 52. 3974: 3973:Petrakos 2011 3969: 3967: 3960:, p. 13. 3959: 3958:Petrakos 2011 3954: 3952: 3945:, p. 39. 3944: 3943:Petrakos 1987 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3925: 3920: 3913: 3908: 3901: 3896: 3894: 3886: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3863: 3860:, p. 1; 3859: 3854: 3848:, p. 52. 3847: 3842: 3840: 3833:, p. 44. 3832: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3811: 3806: 3799: 3794: 3788:, p. 14. 3787: 3782: 3775: 3770: 3764:, p. 43. 3763: 3758: 3756: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3719: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3696:, p. 73. 3695: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3676: 3671: 3664: 3663:Petrakos 1987 3659: 3653:, p. 21. 3652: 3651:Petrakos 2007 3647: 3640: 3633: 3629: 3628:Petrakos 2007 3624: 3617: 3612: 3606:, p. 22. 3605: 3604:Petrakos 2007 3600: 3598: 3591:, p. 91. 3590: 3585: 3578: 3577:Voutsaki 2003 3574: 3573:Pizanias 2020 3569: 3562: 3557: 3550: 3549:Petrakos 1987 3545: 3537: 3526: 3525:Maniatea 2022 3521: 3514: 3513:Petrakos 2011 3509: 3502: 3497: 3490: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3474:, p. 83. 3473: 3468: 3461: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3443:, p. 82. 3442: 3437: 3430: 3429:Petrakos 2013 3425: 3423: 3415: 3414:Maniatea 2022 3411: 3406: 3404: 3396: 3395:Petrakos 2013 3391: 3384: 3379: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3358:, p. 12. 3357: 3352: 3346:, p. 27. 3345: 3340: 3334:, p. 50. 3333: 3328: 3326: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3294:Pittakis 1835 3290: 3283: 3282:Pittakis 1835 3278: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3255: 3250: 3244:, p. 40. 3243: 3238: 3236: 3228: 3223: 3217:, p. 10. 3216: 3211: 3205:, p. 38. 3204: 3199: 3193:, p. 85. 3192: 3191:Haugsted 1996 3187: 3180: 3179:Haugsted 1996 3175: 3169:, p. 27. 3168: 3167:Petrakos 2007 3163: 3156: 3155:Petrakos 2004 3151: 3145:, p. 27. 3144: 3143:Petrakos 2007 3140: 3139:Petrakos 2004 3135: 3129:, p. 71. 3128: 3123: 3117:, p. 72. 3116: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3099: 3098:Petrakos 2004 3094: 3088:, p. 84. 3087: 3086:Haugsted 1996 3082: 3080: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3048: 3047:Petrakos 2004 3043: 3041: 3034:, p. 57. 3033: 3032:Petrakos 2011 3028: 3022:, p. 22. 3021: 3016: 3008: 2998:in Greek, as 2997: 2993: 2992:Petrakos 2011 2988: 2981: 2980:Petrakos 2004 2976: 2974: 2966: 2961: 2953: 2942: 2941:Petrakos 2011 2937: 2930: 2929:Petrakos 2004 2925: 2923: 2915: 2914:Petrakos 2004 2910: 2903: 2902:Petrakos 2004 2898: 2896: 2888: 2883: 2877:, p. 86. 2876: 2871: 2864: 2863:Petrakos 2004 2858: 2851: 2846: 2839: 2838:Petrakos 2011 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2816: 2811: 2809: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2786: 2781: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2756:, p. 95. 2755: 2750: 2743: 2738: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2695: 2693: 2685: 2680: 2674:, p. 71. 2673: 2668: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2638: 2633: 2631: 2624:, p. 74. 2623: 2618: 2611: 2606: 2604: 2596: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2572: 2567: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2512: 2507: 2500: 2495: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2472: 2467: 2460: 2459:Maniatea 2022 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2436:, p. 74. 2435: 2430: 2428: 2420: 2415: 2409:, p. 27. 2408: 2403: 2397:, p. 42. 2396: 2391: 2389: 2380: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2338: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2302: 2301:Voutsaki 2003 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2279: 2274: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2252: 2247: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2225: 2224:Petrakos 2011 2220: 2214:, p. 23. 2213: 2208: 2201: 2200:Petrakos 1989 2196: 2192: 2178: 2172: 2163: 2158: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2112: 2106: 2099: 2098:Petrakos 1982 2093: 2086: 2080: 2071: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2029: 2016: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1986: 1981: 1978:; the artist 1977: 1973: 1967: 1958: 1949: 1944: 1935: 1927: 1922: 1916: 1907: 1898: 1893: 1886: 1880: 1873: 1867: 1860: 1856: 1855:Maniatea 2022 1850: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1816: 1813: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1786: 1776: 1766: 1757: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1715: 1704: 1695: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1638: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1581:In 1830, the 1565: 1560: 1550: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1464: 1461: 1455: 1450: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1267: 1262: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 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