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136:" as an imitation of the sound of an instrument. The first fiddler would then guess how to play the tune from the gestures and movements of the dancer, and the dancer would give the musicians some money. Throughout the dance, the first fiddler would need to watch the dancer's movements closely in order to follow their desired changes in music and tempo â if the musicians were able to follow the dancers well, they were considered a good band, and were paid well and invited back for more dances.
295:'s steps are performed on relaxed, slightly bent knees, with toes placed on the floor first before the rest of the foot. The dance features both closed and open dance positions. Ornamental steps should not be repeated too many times throughout a sixteen-measure phrase; rather, they should be unexpected embellishments in the dance's chain of events. While a man performs an ornamental step, his female partner uses small, flat steps, and adapts her dancing to the steps he chooses.
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exists in two forms: as a regional folk dance inclusive of its many variants, and as a unified "national dance". For both, it is characterized by its rotations of couples, shifting around a large, circular dance space. The folk versions are faster and more complicated than its national counterpart.
181:
was originally danced "with a calm dignity and simplicity, in a smooth flowing manner âreminiscent of the tall grain stalks in the fields swaying gently in the wind". The dancers would perform in pairs, whirling along a circle, led by a leader or leading pair. It was commonly danced during weddings
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were also used. The violin would perform the main melody. It was accompanied by a basy, a low-pitched bowed instrument with two strings, as a percussion instrument. The basy's percussive rhythm in the accompaniment was emphasized the use of a drum. Modern instrumental ensembles in the Kujawy area
286:
should be danced with simple dignity and with due attention to one's partner. Head and torso should remain uplifted, shoulders down, knees relaxed. Free hand(s) should be either gracefully extended diagonally down to the sides and slightly forward (woman may hold her skirt) or placed on the front
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is in triple meter. It has two mazur symmetrical four-measure phrases, with the second part of each measure often extended and accented. Performers often extend measures of the melody, creating its characteristic rubato tempo. These phrases further frequently end on the
160:. This publication included a standardized set of kujawiak components, in which the Council of Experts of Folklore determined the precise number of ten positions for pairs, fifteen types of steps, eleven ornaments, and eleven figures for the
143:
melodies, and invited the village musicians and dancers to their manors to learn the dance. Through this back-and-forth of the nobility learning and improvising upon the traditional steps and the peasants adopting the improvisations, the
148:
was thus incorporated into the elegant parties and fancy balls of the upper class towards the end of the 1860s. From there, the dance moved to festivities in big cities like Warsaw, and spread all over Poland.
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As the dance grew in popularity, it also grew in embellishments, taking on alternating tempos, show-off steps, and new figures. It was adopted as a Polish national dance at the end of the 19th century.
111:
In 1841, Leon
Zienkowicz described the kujawiak as a "regional variety of the mazurka relying on the domination of the minor key". The majority of the composers in the years following, including
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Women wore navy jackets with a small cape around their shoulders, flowery skirts with an apron in a contrasting color, and a red scarf tied as a tight turban around the head.
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involved much collaboration between dancers and musicians in olden times. The dancer would request a specific tune by singing it to the band, often filling lyrical lines with "
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The dance begins with an introductory pattern of repeated pitches with a unique accelerating rhythm, showing the dancers the exact tempo of the following dance. The
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costume on stage, with many colorful, woven patterns and ornate embroidery. The colorful stripes on the women's skirts and aprons and the men's pants, called
123:, agreed with this interpretation, and treated the musical features like the rhythms and tempos of the kujawiak and the oberek as a "single entity".
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Though the dance began in the villages and peasantry, it was embraced by the landed gentry and nobility due to its beauty. They collected and published
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is characterized by its sentimental, melancholic melody. This quality is created by its minor key, and use of "plaintively sounding" minor thirds.
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part of own hip(s) either in fist(s) or with fingers forward and thumb back, with wrist(s) straight and elbow(s) slightly forward".
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folk band typically had one or two violins, a bass, and sometimes a clarinet and a small drum (a bebenek). Bagpipes called the
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with a large collar, broad blue pants, boots, a wide belt, high boots, and a square hat lined with fur called a
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The name "kujawiak", as a reference to the dance, first appeared in 1827, in T.F. JaskĂłlski's composition
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Folk dances grouped under the label of kujawiak have different names depending on the figures they use:
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647:, vols. 3-4. WrocĆaw-PoznaĆ: Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze, 1962. Reprint of a 1867 publication.
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Lange, Roderyk. âKinetography Laban (Movement
Notation) and the Folk Dance Research in Poland,â
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tempo and calm, lyrical nature. The dance typically involves couples walking gracefully in a
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with partners holding each other by their sides and outlining the dancing area. The proper
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108:. It is argued that the dance was developed from the mazur between 1750 and 1830.
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410:'Kujawiak in A minor' by Henryk Wieniawski, published in 1853 (for violin and piano)
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followed, accelerating the tempo. The suite ended with a quick turning dance, the
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meaning round. The dances were each of a different tempo, yet all featured the
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Contemporary groups add ornaments, and use thinner fabrics and less layers.
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was preceded by fifteen to thirty minutes of a slow walking dance, like the
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Polskie taĆce narodowe â systematyka (Polish
National Dances: A Typology)
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rhythm, on slightly bended knees, with relaxed turns, around a circle.
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50:(Kujawy) in central Poland. It is one of the five national dances of
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407:'Kujawiak' by Feliks Nowowiejski, published in 1912 (choral piece)
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was originally often performed as a suite of three dances called "
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include clarinet, accordion, flutes, and other instruments.
119:, Kazimierz Ćada, Ignacy Komorowski, Wojciech OsmaĆski, and
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331:. This creates a feeling of "unendingness" and suspense.
229:. In some regions, the order of dances might be reversed (
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419:- Fantasie Kujawiak for Piano and Orchestra Op.25 (1928)
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Chopin's
Mazurkas, op.6 no.4, op.30 no.4, and op.41 no.1
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The first appearance of the name 'Kujawiak', found in
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Polish Folk Dances & Songs â a Step by Step Guide
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384:men consists of a long navy coat called a
745:Essay on the kujawiak by Maja Trochimczyk
664:"POLISH FOLK MUSIC AND CHOPIN'S MAZURKAS"
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106:Pasterze na Bachorzy. Sielanki Kujawskie
99:Pasterze na Bachorzy Sielanki Kujawskie.
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243:(to oneself) - with turns to the left
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587:. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1999.
249:(from oneself) - turns to the right
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519:ed. Z. Lissa, Warsaw 1960, p. 246.
377:, represent the farmers' fields.
275:are taken from Ada Dziewanowska's
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156:In 1990, CzesĆaw Sroka published
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489:"Kujawiak - Polish Music Center"
1571:Dance in mythology and religion
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530:Les Costumes du Peuple Polonais
463:The Harvard Dictionary of Music
204:rhythm and a triple meter. The
30:A modern couple performing the
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601:"kujawiak | Taniec Tradycyjny"
548:"kujawiak | Taniec Tradycyjny"
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318:rhythm, used in the kujawiak.
233:) with a decelerating tempo.
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77:, and is characterized by its
16:Polish folk dance from Kuyavia
1:
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1647:. You can help Knowledge by
277:Polish Folk Dances and Songs
7:
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271:Guidelines for dancing the
182:and village dance parties.
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662:Gorbaty, Jan (Fall 1986).
367:is often performed in the
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708:"Polonez National Dances"
34:in a competition setting.
21:Kujawiak (disambiguation)
1639:This article related to
627:50 no. 2 (1966): 378-391
532:, Paris 1841, pp. 86-87.
467:Harvard University Press
380:The folk costume of the
355:Children performing the
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172:
430:List of national dances
54:, the others being the
695:Folklor Muzyczny Kujaw
513:Mazurek przed Chopinem
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402:Examples in art music
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231:mazur-kujawiak-oberek
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29:
1536:Dance and disability
697:. KrakĂłw: PWM, 1980.
693:Pawlak, Aleksander.
461:Don Michael Randel.
19:For other uses, see
1581:Dance on television
583:Dziewanowska, Ada.
493:Polish Music Center
46:from the region of
1699:Triple time dances
417:Witold Maliszewski
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117:Edward Ćodwigowski
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1576:Dance occupations
1513:Wallis and Futuna
750:Traditional dance
121:Henryk Wieniawski
113:Ignacy DobrzyĆski
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1709:Folk dance stubs
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1611:History of dance
1596:Dance technology
1541:Dance and health
1491:African-American
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714:. Archived from
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639:Kolberg, Oskar.
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1055:Countryâwestern
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975:Novelty and fad
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843:closed position
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812:List of dancers
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1649:expanding it
1638:
1601:Dance troupe
1546:Dance awards
1441:Pontic Greek
1148:Dance theory
1138:Choreography
1050:Contemporary
720:. Retrieved
716:the original
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671:the original
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83:quarter-note
75:triple meter
72:
42:is a Polish
39:
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31:
1431:Philippines
1416:Netherlands
1406:Middle East
958:Table dance
923:Go go dance
903:Competitive
517:F.F. Chopin
435:Varsovienne
279:as follows:
168:Description
1688:Categories
1641:folk dance
1498:Uzbekistan
1266:Azerbaijan
1175:Musicality
1143:Connection
1100:Postmodern
1070:Historical
953:Striptease
948:Pole dance
898:Ceremonial
853:slow dance
740:Poland.com
722:2018-12-04
680:2018-12-04
610:2018-12-04
557:2018-12-04
498:2018-11-30
446:References
261:(shepherd)
133:dana, dana
44:folk dance
1503:Venezuela
1466:Sri Lanka
1461:Singapore
1421:Nicaragua
1351:Indonesia
1256:Australia
1125:Technique
1023:formation
938:Lap dance
390:rogatywka
284:"Kujawiak
198:okrÄ
gĆy",
68:polonaise
56:krakowiak
1518:Zimbabwe
1471:Thailand
1396:Malaysia
1381:Kiribati
1291:Cameroon
1286:Cambodia
1276:Bulgaria
1251:Assyrian
1220:national
1215:Regional
1195:Spotting
1190:Sequence
1168:glossary
1115:Two-step
1060:Flamenco
1045:Breaking
1040:Boogaloo
1018:Ballroom
963:Twerking
928:Grinding
913:Ecstatic
424:See also
382:Kujawiak
365:kujawiak
357:kujawiak
329:dominant
324:kujawiak
305:kujawiak
293:kujawiak
273:kujawiak
259:Owczarek
255:(smooth)
217:kujawiak
211:chodzony
206:kujawiak
194:Kujawiak
187:kujawiak
179:kujawiak
162:kujawiak
146:kujawiak
141:Kujawiak
128:kujawiak
40:kujawiak
32:Kujawiak
1528:Related
1508:Vietnam
1481:Ukraine
1391:Kurdish
1361:Ireland
1341:Hungary
1331:Georgia
1316:Denmark
1306:Croatia
1271:Belarus
1261:Austria
1246:Armenia
1236:Albania
1200:Turnout
1085:Lyrical
1065:Hip-hop
908:Concert
833:Partner
802:Outline
386:sukmana
347:Costume
316:mazurka
267:(round)
265:OkrÄ
gĆy
247:Odsibka
225:or the
222:mazurek
202:mazurka
89:History
48:Kuyavia
1476:Turkey
1456:Serbia
1451:Russia
1446:Romani
1436:Poland
1401:Mexico
1366:Israel
1336:Greece
1321:Europe
1296:Canada
1231:Africa
1222:dances
1180:Pointe
1153:Graham
1133:Ballet
1090:Modern
1013:Ballet
1000:Styles
985:Street
980:Sacred
918:Erotic
890:Social
878:square
863:contra
858:circle
641:Kujawy
515:, in:
440:Redowa
375:pasiak
370:Lowicz
336:Kujawy
253:GĆadki
241:Ksebka
227:oberek
79:rubato
66:, and
64:oberek
52:Poland
1643:is a
1411:Nepal
1386:Korea
1376:Japan
1371:Italy
1346:India
1301:China
1205:Turns
1163:Moves
1105:Swing
1095:Polka
1080:Latin
1035:Belly
1028:waltz
873:round
797:Index
786:Dance
674:(PDF)
667:(PDF)
299:Music
173:Dance
60:mazur
1645:stub
1426:Peru
1356:Iran
1311:Cuba
1241:Arab
1185:Pole
1075:Jazz
1008:Acro
970:Folk
868:line
828:Solo
363:The
340:dudy
314:The
303:The
291:The
185:The
177:The
126:The
38:The
1110:Tap
990:War
643:in
625:Lud
465:.
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652:^
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334:A
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115:,
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1218:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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