27:, were widespread in the mid-19th century. Modeled on artisans' guilds, they protected their members' interests. Every brotherhood had its own secret traditions and regulations. Its members collectively chose as their centre a church, for which they bought icons, candles, and oil. They met at the church on certain holy days to attend requiem services for deceased members and to settle urgent matters. In the spring they secretly gathered elsewhere (usually the forests near
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A member who had violated a brotherhood's moral code was tried by a brotherhood's court. The severest punishment was ostracism. Lesser transgressors were whipped or fined. A member who chose to marry received a dowry from the brotherhood's treasury and was thereafter addressed in the polite second
55:, they destroyed his instrument, and he was fined and even beaten. The brotherhoods propagated the idea that kobzars were not beggars but professional artists, and instilled a sense of pride among their members; e.g., in asking or waiting for a reward, a member was forbidden to fall to his knees.
35:) to elect their officers, to define the territory on which individual kobzars could operate, and to initiate new members according to a prescribed ritual. If necessary, the elected leader (pan otets) would call additional meetings. To become a member one had to have a physical handicap, to study
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person plural by other members. If members caught a kobzar performing who had not received a
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playing with a master (usually for at least two years), and to obtain permission (
86:Мішалов, В. і М. Українські кобзарі-бандуристи – Сідней, Австралія, 1986 - 106с.
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89:Самчук, У. - Живі струни - Детройт, США, 1976 (468с.)
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47:, and to pay dues regularly.
19:, regional organizations of
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45:lebiiskyi language
118:Bandura ensembles
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108:Music of Ukraine
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103:Blind musicians
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17:Kobzar guilds
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113:Kobzarstvo
97:Categories
70:Bandurist
59:See also
53:vyzvilka
41:vyzvilka
31:outside
81:Sources
29:Brovary
25:lirnyks
21:kobzars
75:Kobzar
65:Lirnyk
37:kobza
33:Kyiv
23:and
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