2590:
2578:
2602:
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95:
922:
2571:. Many other cities and regions try to follow a knowledge-driven development paradigm and increase their knowledge base by investing in higher education and research institutions to attract highly skilled labour and better position themselves in the global competition. Yet, despite digital tools democratising access to knowledge, research shows that knowledge economy activities remain as concentrated as ever in traditional economic cores.
1768:
910:
2254:" interchangeably. Information in general, is not equivalent to knowledge. Their use depends on the individual and group's preferences which are "economy-dependent". Information and knowledge together are production resources that can exist without interacting with other sources. Resources are highly independent of each other in the sense that if they connect with other available resources, they transfer into
25:
2230:, where he described the difference between the manual workers and the knowledge workers. The manual worker is the one who works with their own hands and produces goods and services. In contrast, the knowledge worker works with their head, rather than hands, and produces ideas, knowledge, and information.
2454:
deliveries, growing global demand, regulatory policy governed by performance results, and a host of other items place a high priority on knowledge, and research becomes paramount. Knowledge provides the technical expertise, problem-solving, performance measurement and evaluation, and data management
2313:
system, where they were driven by the service sector that creates greater wealth versus manufacturing; to the late 1900s - 2000s, knowledge economy emerged with the highlights of the power of knowledge and human capital sector, and it's now marked as the latest stage of development in global
2434:, and other entities that are related by skills, technologies, and other common inputs. Knowledge is the catalyst and connective tissue in modern economies. Ruggles and Holtshouse argue the change is characterised by a dispersion of power and by managers who lead by empowering
2219:
The advancement of a knowledge-based economy occurred when global economies promote changes in material production, together with the creation of rich mechanisms of economic theories after the Second World War that tend to integrate science, technology and the economy.
2661:
to participate in the knowledge economy, they need to intervene collectively and strategically. Suggested collective intervention includes the development of effective national ICT policies that support the new regulatory framework, promote the selected
2358:
points out that just as the industrial revolution did not end agriculture because people have to eat, the knowledge revolution is unlikely to end manufacturing industries because of ongoing societal demands for physical goods and services.
2281:, knowledge was still identified only as a supplemental element in economic factors. The idea behind it has transformed recently when new growth theory praised knowledge and technology in enhancing productivity and economic advancement.
2062:
In a knowledge economy, human intelligence is the key engine of economic development. It is an economy where members acquire, create, disseminate and apply knowledge to facilitate economic and social development.
2670:. The report further suggests that developing countries develop the required ICT strategies and policies for institutions and regulations considering the need to be responsive to the issues of convergence.
2160:, identifying the key persons who know the solutions and can perform under difficult scenarios. Finding the right people can be more essential to innovation than simply knowing basic scientific knowledge.
2204:
is needed to support a great level of innovation within firms, industries, and countries, allowing them to keep up with the latest global technology and human intelligence to utilize it for the domestic
2589:
2166:
refers to practical skills, which allow individuals to do different kinds of things. Individuals share experiences in groups with uniform practices. It constitutes the human capital of enterprises.
4507:
Rindermann H. (2012). Intellectual classes, technological progress and economic development: The rise of cognitive capitalism. Personality and
Individual Differences 53 (2) 108–113
2366:, information and knowledge have always taken on enormous importance in the development in either traditional or industrial economies, particularly with for the efficient use of
4131:
2577:
2657:
The United
Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development report (UNCSTD, 1997) concluded that for developing countries to integrate ICTs successfully and
2370:. Owners of production factors should possess and master information and knowledge so as to apply them to economic activity. In the knowledge economy, the specialised
2038:
4546:
2641:
by which a working method may converge scientific and technology solutions, and organizational solutions. According to the World Bank
Institute's definition, such
3554:
2503:. These forces include the rapid integration of the world's financial and capital markets since the early 1980s, which influences essentially each level of the
2184:
is required to establish a strong knowledge-based economy, where workers continuously learn and apply their skills to build and practice knowledge efficiently.
2124:
refers to knowledge about facts. Like information, experts utilize know-what to fulfill their jobs, such as with complex occupations such as law and medicine.
3396:
3701:"From Knowledge-based Economy to … Knowledge-based Economy? Reflections on Changes in the Economy and Development Policies in the North East of England"
1798:
2395:
3631:
2491:
of economic activities is one of the main determinants of the emerging knowledge economy. While there are no doubts on the other stages of relative
2215:
suggests that an economy system should offer incentives for better efficiency in mobilizing and allocating resources and encourage entrepreneurship.
3754:
3653:
2855:
2850:
4249:
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2475:, where the relatively localised knowledge is now being shared among and across various networks for the benefit of all network members, to gain
2174:
has spoken of knowledge economies by associating it to a four - pillar framework that analyses the rationales of human capital-based economies:
4430:
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4004:
3303:
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innovations. The knowledge economy operates differently from the past as it has been identified by the upheavals (sometimes referred to as the
2150:
and products development in areas such as universities and specialized firms. It can also reduce error frequency in trial and error procedures.
2426:
of interconnected companies and institutions in a particular field) are vital with global economies, connect locally and globally with linked
2246:
of a knowledge economy, as it is rather a relative concept. For example, there is no sufficient evidence and consideration for whether the "
4451:
3496:
2519:
Worldwide examples congregegate around regions or cities with high concentrations of talented human capital and are often accompanied with
2463:
Prevailing and future economic development will be highly dominated by technology and network expansion, in particular on knowledge-based
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5601:
952:
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Knowledge-based social entrepreneurship : understanding knowledge economy, innovation, and the future of social entrepreneurship
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2198:, and to facilitate the effectiveness in interacting, disseminating and processing the information and knowledge resources.
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through building an interconnected and advanced global economy where sources of knowledge are the critical contributors.
4171:
4079:
3731:
Management, Knowledge and
Learning International Conference 2018 - International School for Social and Business Studies
2964:. The 3rd OECD World Forum on "Statistics, Knowledge and Policy": Charting Progress, Building Visions, Improving Life.
1226:
43:
3561:
3923:
3777:
3724:"Tech & knowledge-based economy: How mobile technologies influences the economics of small and medium activities"
3203:
3091:
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2934:
2394:
which rests on "making more productive use of inputs, which requires continual innovation". Therefore, the technical
1784:
1161:
61:
3667:
Kefela, Ghirmai T. (6 July 2020). "Knowledge-based economy and society has become a vital commodity to countried".
4363:
Tho, Q.T.; Hui, S.C.; Fong, A.C.M.; Tru Hoang Cao (2006). "Automatic Fuzzy
Ontology Generation for Semantic Web".
5675:
2700:
2302:
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2810:
2601:
5083:
4323:"Engagement in the Knowledge Economy: Regional Patterns of Content Creation with a Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa"
4250:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=9ccd5829007e152af91b3f21a8e20906b43b3e93
3802:
3526:
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From the early days of economic studies, though economists recognised the essential link between knowledge and
2258:
immediately, and production factors are present only to interact with other factors. Knowledge associated with
1327:
2318:. In the final decades of 20th century, the knowledge economy became greatly associated with sectors based in
2066:
An economic system that is not knowledge-based is considered to be inconceivable. It describes the process of
5053:
5043:
4738:
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2523:
oriented companies as well as innovation hubs. The knowledge economic hubs include information technology in
2495:
in the global economy, the prevailing pace and intensity of globalisation are without precedent. Fundamental
1772:
1667:
1387:
1377:
283:
5264:
4533:
MetroPolicy: Shaping A New
Federal Partnership for a Metropolitan Nation. Metropolitan Policy Program Report
3468:"Growth & Innovation Policies For a Knowledge Economy. Experiences From Finland, Sweden & Singapore"
545:
5203:
5176:
4426:
3518:
3429:"Human Resources and Work Organization in the Knowledge Economy – The Case of the Indian Software Industry"
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35:
3859:"Evolution of the Knowledge Economy: a Historical Perspective with an Application to the Case of Europe"
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2795:
2695:
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4207:. Peters, Michael (Michael A.), 1948-, Besley, Tina, 1950-, Araya, Daniel, 1971-. New York, New York.
3723:
3371:
4753:
2983:. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: Eurostat. pp. 9–13.
1620:
1548:
969:
298:
4419:
3585:
3497:"Building Knowledge Economies for job creation, increased competitiveness, and balanced development"
3452:
3006:"Skills, Attitudes, Relational Abilities & Reflexivity: Competences for a Multicultural Society"
2507:
financial and economic systems; increased multinational origin of the inputs to productions of both
5680:
5635:
5581:
5324:
5279:
5118:
4989:
4866:
4301:"Building a knowledge-driven city The case of the Gran Sasso Science Institute in L 'Aquila, Italy"
2770:
2715:
2339:
2051:
1156:
867:
605:
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182:
126:
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Ojanperä, Sanna; Graham, Mark; Straumann, Ralph; Sabbata, Stefano De; Zook, Matthew (2017-03-08).
620:
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4823:
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and simulated models, and innovating on processes and systems. Harvard
Business School Professor
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1990:
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2002:
1971:
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323:
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forces are the significant drivers of globalizing economic activities and further demands for
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555:
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313:
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Kofler, Ingrid; Innerhofer, Elisa; Marcher, Anja; Gruber, Mirjam; Pechlaner, Harald (2020).
2114:
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5058:
5011:
4974:
4900:
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4818:
4758:
4723:
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3175:. Melbourne City: Centre for Strategic Economic Studies, Victoria University of Technology.
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2423:
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1632:
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1079:
1027:
625:
447:
398:
363:
303:
268:
172:
162:
109:
4591:
4342:
3632:"Interrelation of Information and Knowledge in the Economy of the Post-Industrial Society"
3108:
2334:) in technological innovations and globally competitive need for differentiation with new
2070:
and production activities that are satisfied from the application of workers' expertise -
8:
5570:
5379:
5198:
5098:
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5038:
4994:
4979:
4935:
4876:
4803:
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4686:
2908:
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2422:
will continue to see demand. Porter further argues that well-situated clusters (that is,
2247:
2106:
2025:
1994:
1963:
1944:
1921:
1742:
1687:
1682:
1615:
1605:
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3998:
3886:
3722:
Tufano, Valente, Graziano, Materazzo, Antonio, Roberto, Enza, Modestino (18 May 2018).
3676:
3368:
Discussion Papers from United
Nations University, Institute for New Technologies, No. 6
3325:
3297:
3245:
2956:
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1925:
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477:
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403:
343:
333:
278:
273:
245:
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78:
4099:
3361:"What is the 'Knowledge Economy'? Knowledge Intensity and Distributed Knowledge Bases"
5489:
5464:
5374:
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4846:
4708:
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4218:
4208:
4167:
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4038:
4028:
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3944:
3919:
3890:
3878:
3798:
3773:
3734:
3604:
3407:
3334:
3285:
3275:
3233:
3223:
3199:
3087:
3027:
2984:
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2800:
2720:
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2504:
2375:
2363:
2355:
2251:
2110:
2079:
1600:
1352:
1332:
1119:
1112:
1107:
770:
745:
655:
535:
492:
428:
393:
215:
177:
133:
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4204:
The new development paradigm : education, knowledge economy and digital futures
3680:
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695:
5539:
5484:
5469:
5454:
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5369:
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5329:
5284:
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3535:
3191:
3058:
3017:
2904:
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2820:
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2765:
2750:
2548:
2468:
2435:
2399:
2290:
2210:
2195:
2098:
1979:
1959:
1935:
In a knowledge economy, highly skilled jobs require excellent technical skills and
1872:
1868:
1593:
1528:
1513:
1465:
1455:
1449:
1422:
1407:
1178:
1141:
820:
765:
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735:
720:
650:
630:
610:
565:
438:
388:
358:
353:
5419:
3555:"The Global Innovation Index 2012: Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global Growth"
3022:
3005:
2666:, and use of ICTs and harness their organizational changes to be in line with the
2020:
The global economy's transition to a knowledge economy is also referred to as the
700:
5650:
5544:
5509:
5474:
5409:
5334:
5319:
5213:
5169:
5006:
4940:
4915:
4910:
4886:
4619:
4604:
4455:
3083:
3063:
3046:
2840:
2710:
2638:
2472:
2386:
asserts that today's economy is far more dynamic and that conventional notion of
2310:
2278:
2157:
2021:
1998:
1986:
1975:
1951:
1940:
1876:
1820:
1717:
1677:
1642:
1538:
1498:
1493:
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1306:
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1276:
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1231:
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1052:
977:
914:
825:
790:
755:
690:
615:
600:
487:
462:
457:
433:
205:
200:
3397:"Singapore's Transition to the Knowledge Economy: From Efficiency to Innovation"
3195:
2455:
needed for today's competition's transboundary, interdisciplinary global scale.
2109:" and identified two types of skills: "routine competencies or facilities" and "
1997:, which emphasizes the importance of information as non-physical capital, and a
5564:
5549:
5514:
5499:
5479:
5449:
5269:
4920:
4631:
4599:
4189:
MetroPolicy: Shaping A New
Federal Partnership for a Metropolitan Nation Report
3858:
3167:
2524:
2496:
2383:
1929:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1702:
1518:
1412:
1256:
845:
830:
795:
780:
760:
730:
550:
467:
157:
153:
5299:
4042:
3990:
3874:
3838:
3289:
2390:
within a company has changed and is less relevant than the prevailing idea of
580:
5664:
5529:
5519:
5494:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5404:
5394:
5364:
5354:
5259:
5159:
5132:
4896:
4338:
4222:
3882:
3237:
3031:
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2595:
San
Francisco, California, USA. The city is a central city in Silicon Valley.
2564:
2528:
2488:
2431:
2415:
2239:
2223:
2043:
2033:
1967:
1955:
1936:
1836:
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1737:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1508:
1488:
1417:
1261:
1183:
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1047:
1037:
810:
800:
775:
715:
710:
705:
685:
675:
645:
635:
540:
443:
4526:
Knowledge and Economic Conduct. The Social Foundations of the Modern Economy
2017:
processes become more valuable in a knowledge economy than in earlier eras.
94:
5559:
5504:
5399:
5389:
5384:
5309:
5154:
4681:
4609:
4362:
4148:
4022:
3970:
3905:
3539:
3080:
The Future of High-Skilled Workers: Regional Problems and Global Challenges
2532:
2180:
2094:
2006:
1627:
1503:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1342:
1296:
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1042:
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785:
680:
670:
665:
590:
138:
4202:
3915:
3404:
Knowledge, Productivity, and Innovation in Nigeria: Creating a New Economy
2238:
Definitions around "knowledge" are considered to be vague in terms of the
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5524:
5314:
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5137:
4614:
4500:
Powell, Walter W. & Snellman, Kaisa (2004). "The Knowledge Economy".
4376:
2645:
would further enable the World Bank Institute's vision outlined in their
2560:
2263:
2135:
2117:
and Johnson who defined "knowledge" as falling in four broad categories:
1848:
1692:
1647:
1610:
1588:
1583:
1196:
1171:
815:
805:
595:
230:
3220:
Foundations of the knowledge economy: innovation, learning, and clusters
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2735:
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1022:
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4512:
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4467:
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3795:
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1823:
in which the production of goods and services is based principally on
5294:
5224:
4583:
2835:
2520:
2419:
2411:
2379:
2371:
2351:
2323:
2297:
where economy and wealth was primarily based upon agriculture, to an
2131:
2075:
2010:
1712:
1236:
1201:
1136:
1000:
995:
575:
506:
86:
4300:
3721:
2893:
Powell, Walter W.; Snellman, Kaisa (2004). "The Knowledge Economy".
1859:
on this "knowledge" in their production to stimulate and deepen the
5073:
4400:
United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development
2492:
2403:
2139:
1947:
as well as the ability to adapt to changes as opposed to moving or
1089:
4161:
2113:" that is intelligent performance; and it's further elaborated by
4488:
The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States
3047:"Debate on the Multilevel Model of the Human Capital Measurement"
2927:
Building Knowledge Economies: Advanced Strategies for Development
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environment; institutions and industries create jobs that demand
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4510:
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2338:, and processes that develop from the research community (i.e.,
2005:
facilitates trade. For companies, intellectual property such as
2568:
2540:
2536:
2326:
as a result of the steadily increased demand for sophisticated
2305:
was booming. In the mid-1900s, world economies moved towards a
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A knowledge economy emphasizes the importance of skills in a
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is knowledge together with the ability to perform to create
4276:"Brazil is a world leader in renewable energy job creation"
4107:
OCED ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
2965:
2074:
and typically represents a significant level of individual
1844:
2583:
Yair Agricultural Research and Development Station, Israel
2146:
fields, which is essential for allowing innovation in the
1875:
within the organisations' settings in facilitating modern
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1835:. The key element of value is the greater dependence on
3797:. Chicago: Chicago : Scott, Foresman. p. 92.
2471:
as a whole. The knowledge economy is incorporating the
2446:
With Earth's depleting natural resources, the need for
2085:
The present concept of "knowledge" originates from the
4547:
Legal and Regulatory Issues in the Information Economy
2652:
3465:
3003:
3968:
3629:
3406:. Washington, DC: The World Bank. pp. 145–161.
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IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
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4166:. Capstone Business Books, Dover, NH. p. 49.
4069:
3603:
3326:"OECD Work on Knowledge and the Knowledge Economy"
3324:
2811:Knowledge transfer § In the knowledge economy
2514:
2362:For the modern knowledge economies, especially in
2209:Institutional regime that supports incentives for
3772:. London: Abingdon : Routledge. p. 92.
5662:
4449:Increasing Returns and the New World of Business
4162:Ruggles, Rudy and David Holtshouse, ed. (1999).
3821:Lundvall, Bengt-äke; Johnson, Björn (Dec 1994).
3394:
2851:Productivity improving technologies (historical)
2194:(ICT) resources to overcome the barrier of high
4517:Rooney, D., Hearn, G., & Ninan, A. (2005).
4132:"Clusters and the New Economics of Competition"
4074:. Bantam Doubleday Dell, New York. p. 17.
3820:
3630:Mikhailove, Kopylova, A.M, A.A. (15 Mar 2019).
3165:
2997:
2289:The developed society has transitioned from an
2233:
1958:. A knowledge economy stands in contrast to an
38:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
3044:
2892:
2378:and well-trained in handling data, developing
2262:then is said to be a production factor in the
2156:refers to knowledge of specific and selective
2042:(1969), which Drucker attributed to economist
4568:
3857:Švarc, Jadranka; Dabić, Marina (2015-07-05).
3331:Advancing Knowledge and The Knowledge Economy
3188:Handbook on the Knowledge Economy, Volume Two
3045:Harpan, Ioana; Draghici, Anca (20 Mar 2014).
2511:, technology transfers and information flow.
2188:A dense and modern information infrastructure
1792:
946:
3753:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3652:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2226:discussed the knowledge economy in the book-
1978:in which most of the workers are relatively
1962:, in which the primary economic activity is
4021:Unger, Roberto Mangabeira (19 March 2019).
3395:Radwan, Ismail; Pellegrini, Giulia (2010).
4575:
4561:
4260:Bay Area Economic Council, Sean Randolph,
4055:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4003:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3856:
3642:: 1003 – via SHS Web of Conferences.
3302:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2978:
2539:; aerospace and automotive engineering in
2459:Prevailing and future economic development
1799:
1785:
953:
939:
4429:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3969:Kabir, Mitt Nowshade (22 February 2019).
3792:
3426:
3185:
3062:
3051:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
3021:
3010:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
2058:Knowledge-based economy and human capital
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
4490:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
4100:"COMPETENCIES FOR THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY"
3270:Unger, Roberto Mangabeira (2019-03-19).
2192:information and communication technology
4528:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
4298:
3903:
3601:
3494:
3166:Houghton, John; Sheehan, Peter (2000).
3132:
3106:
2531:; water and agricultural technology in
2441:
2036:as the title of Chapter 12 in his book
2001:, which emphasizes the degree to which
1912:. Knowledge is viewed as an additional
5663:
4397:
4129:
4093:
4091:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3841:– via Taylor&Francis Online.
3816:
3814:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3666:
3597:
3595:
3265:
3263:
3261:
2101:who conducted knowledge to the terms "
1892:A knowledge economy features a highly
4556:
4125:
4123:
4016:
4014:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3552:
3358:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2567:and the renewable energy industry in
4097:
3938:
3767:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2909:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100037
2888:
2886:
1943:, the flexibility to interface with
18:
4652:Agent-based computational economics
4088:
3845:
3811:
3687:
3592:
3519:"Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy"
3258:
3133:Wokutch, Richard E. (12 Feb 2014).
2653:Challenges for developing countries
2555:; electronics and digital media in
2450:, a logistics industry forced into
1863:process. There is less reliance on
13:
4187:The Brookings Institution (2008).
4120:
4011:
3957:
3715:
3614:
3310:
3152:
2915:
2629:The technology requirements for a
2438:to contribute and make decisions.
2130:refers to scientific knowledge of
1966:for which the main requirement is
1827:that contribute to advancement in
14:
5702:
4540:
4519:Handbook on the Knowledge Economy
4273:
3169:A Primer on the Knowledge Economy
2958:Human capital and its measurement
2955:Kwon, Dae-Bong (27–30 Oct 2009).
2943:
2883:
1773:Business and economics portal
5108:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
4483:. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
3904:Drucker, Peter F. (2018-03-09).
3863:Journal of the Knowledge Economy
3495:Djeflat, Pr. Abdelkader (2009).
3107:Johnson, D. Gale (16 Jan 2019).
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2482:
1855:. Organisations are required to
1766:
920:
908:
93:
23:
4440:
4391:
4356:
4314:
4292:
4267:
4254:
4243:
4195:
4180:
4155:
4063:
3932:
3897:
3786:
3761:
3660:
3546:
3510:
3488:
3459:
3420:
3388:
3352:
3212:
3179:
2701:Computational knowledge economy
2515:Examples of knowledge economies
2268:traditional production factors.
195:Concepts, theory and techniques
4402:. 12 May, Geneva, Switzerland.
3527:Quarterly Journal of Economics
3135:"Newly industrialized country"
3126:
3100:
3071:
3038:
2972:
2746:International Innovation Index
2637:must be able to disseminate a
2202:An effective innovation system
1924:. In principle, one's primary
1887:
1825:knowledge-intensive activities
1:
5691:Social information processing
5044:Critique of political economy
4582:
3553:Dutta, Soumitra, ed. (2012).
3023:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1200
2979:Commission, European (2005).
2866:Social information processing
2624:
2479:in a wider, more open scale.
2284:
2250:" could serve or act as the "
2046:, originating in the idea of
1956:manufacturing-based economies
1668:Commons-based peer production
1388:Socialism of the 21st century
3113:Encycloaedia Britannica, Inc
3064:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.474
2668:Millennium Development Goals
2647:Millennium Development Goals
2272:
2234:Information versus knowledge
2228:The Effective Executive 1966
2190:provides easy access to the
1843:as the source of innovative
16:Approach to generating value
7:
5686:Business intelligence terms
4531:The Brookings Institution.
4521:. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
4514:. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
4476:. New York: Harper and Row.
4130:Porter, Michael E. (1998).
4070:Stewart, Thomas A. (1997).
3827:Journal of Industry Studies
3610:. New York: Harper and Row.
3196:10.4337/9781781005132.00009
2831:Liverpool Knowledge Quarter
2673:
2266:that is distinguished from
2138:in nature. It concerns the
1882:
10:
5707:
5182:Real business-cycle theory
4502:Annual Review of Sociology
3941:New Media: An Introduction
3793:Scheffler, Israel (1965).
3699:Hudson, Ray (1 Sep 2007).
3427:Rothboeck, Sandra (2000).
2896:Annual Review of Sociology
2796:Knowledge production modes
2696:Cognitive-cultural economy
2631:national innovation system
2324:high-technology industries
5622:
5580:
5222:
4956:
4707:
4672:
4590:
3875:10.1007/s13132-015-0267-2
3839:10.1080/13662719400000002
3669:International NGO Journal
2424:geographic concentrations
2291:agriculture-based economy
1945:multiple discipline areas
1908:to meet the needs of the
1162:Socialist-oriented market
4497:. (Nov-Dec 1998). 77–90.
3743:– via Toknowpress.
3560:. INSEAD. Archived from
3109:"Agricultural economics"
2877:
2771:Knowledge Economic Index
2716:Endogenous growth theory
2260:intellectual information
2213:and the use of knowledge
2179:An educated and skilled
2052:Frederick Winslow Taylor
2039:The Age of Discontinuity
183:JEL classification codes
4824:Industrial organization
4647:Computational economics
4495:Harvard Business Review
4481:Post-Capitalist Society
4462:(July/August), 100–109.
4460:Harvard Business Review
4164:The Knowledge Advantage
4143:. December (6): 77–90.
4140:Harvard Business Review
3907:The Effective Executive
3602:Drucker, Peter (1969).
3333:, The MIT Press, 2006,
3139:Encycloaedia Britannica
2659:sustainable development
2465:social entrepreneurship
1991:post-industrial economy
1817:knowledge-based economy
369:Industrial organization
226:Computational economics
5676:Economics catchphrases
5027:Modern monetary theory
4694:Experimental economics
4664:Pluralism in economics
4637:Mathematical economics
4447:Arthur, W. B. (1996).
4299:Koukoufikis, Giorgos.
4235:: CS1 maint: others (
3823:"The Learning Economy"
3768:Ryle, Gilbert (1949).
3580:Cite journal requires
3447:Cite journal requires
3250:: CS1 maint: others (
2781:Knowledge organization
2756:Information revolution
2691:Basic income guarantee
2392:competitive advantages
2388:comparative advantages
2352:educational institutes
2316:economic restructuring
2003:information technology
1993:. It is related to an
1972:industrialized economy
221:Experimental economics
4425:CS1 maint: location (
4024:The knowledge economy
3916:10.4324/9780080549354
3359:Smith, Keith (2002).
3272:The knowledge economy
3082:. Cham, Switzerland:
2846:Precision agriculture
2816:Knowledge value chain
2368:factors of production
2256:factors of production
2048:scientific management
1841:intellectual property
4901:Social choice theory
4659:Behavioral economics
4642:Complexity economics
4524:Stehr, Nico (2002).
4486:Machlup, F. (1962).
4479:Drucker, P. (1993).
4472:Drucker, P. (1969).
4469:. London: Heinemann.
4377:10.1109/TKDE.2006.87
4072:Intellectual Capital
3939:Flew, Terry (2008).
3540:10.1093/qje/121.1.31
2925:World, Bank (2007).
2786:Knowledge management
2741:Industrial espionage
2726:History of knowledge
2664:knowledge production
2635:World Bank Institute
2633:as described by the
2448:green infrastructure
2442:Green infrastructure
2420:scientific inventors
2374:is characterised as
2332:knowledge revolution
2303:manufacturing sector
2140:theoretical research
2107:conceptual Knowledge
2103:procedural knowledge
2072:intellectual capital
2024:, bringing about an
1861:business development
1698:Newly industrialized
1441:Collective ownership
1302:Vertical archipelago
448:Social choice theory
4985:American (National)
4687:Economic statistics
3770:The concept of mind
2761:Information society
2731:Information economy
2547:; biotechnology in
2505:developed country's
2400:computer scientists
2398:careers, including
2364:developed countries
2248:information society
2080:developed economies
2076:economic activities
2032:was made famous by
2026:information society
1995:information economy
1964:subsistence farming
1683:Inclusive Democracy
915:Business portal
236:Operations research
216:National accounting
4454:2019-07-27 at the
3086:. pp. 29–41.
2706:Digital Revolution
2509:goods and services
2501:human intelligence
2477:economies of scale
2336:goods and services
2320:research-intensive
2299:industrial economy
2295:pre-industrial age
2148:production process
2142:of scientific and
1926:individual capital
1906:specialized skills
1813:knowledge economy,
1621:Material balancing
1103:Buddhist economics
246:Industrial complex
241:Middle income trap
42:You can assist by
5671:Knowledge economy
5658:
5657:
5189:New institutional
4465:Bell, D. (1974).
4214:978-1-4539-1136-5
4034:978-1-78873-497-4
3982:978-1-137-34809-8
3950:978-0-19-555149-5
3740:978-961-6914-23-9
3475:Working Paper 156
3413:978-0-8213-8196-0
3340:978-0-262-25645-2
3281:978-1-78873-497-4
3229:978-0-85793-771-1
2806:Knowledge tagging
2801:Knowledge society
2721:Frugal innovation
2681:Attention economy
2436:knowledge workers
2376:computer literate
2356:Thomas A. Stewart
2252:knowledge society
2196:transaction costs
2030:knowledge economy
1937:relational skills
1894:skilled workforce
1873:intangible assets
1869:natural resources
1809:
1808:
1319:By regional model
1113:Sabbath economics
963:
962:
72:
71:
64:
5698:
4862:Natural resource
4699:Economic history
4625:Mechanism design
4577:
4570:
4563:
4554:
4553:
4535:. (2008). 4–103.
4435:
4434:
4423:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4341:. Archived from
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4280:www.airswift.com
4271:
4265:
4258:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4226:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4136:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4104:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4054:
4046:
4018:
4009:
4008:
4002:
3994:
3975:. New York, NY.
3966:
3955:
3954:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3854:
3843:
3842:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3752:
3744:
3728:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3705:Regional Studies
3696:
3685:
3684:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3651:
3643:
3627:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3599:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3568:
3566:
3559:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3523:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3501:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3477:. Archived from
3472:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3435:
3433:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3401:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3370:. Archived from
3365:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3328:
3321:
3308:
3307:
3301:
3293:
3267:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3241:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3163:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3025:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2968:. pp. 1–15.
2963:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2890:
2826:Learning society
2821:Learning economy
2791:Knowledge policy
2776:Knowledge market
2766:Know-how trading
2751:Internet economy
2616:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2469:entrepreneurship
2211:entrepreneurship
2158:social relations
2099:Israel Scheffler
1960:agrarian economy
1954:in conventional
1952:physical objects
1801:
1794:
1787:
1771:
1770:
1529:Municipalization
1514:Financialization
1484:Collectivization
1466:Social ownership
1456:Private property
1450:Common ownership
1408:Common ownership
1222:Closed (autarky)
1179:State capitalism
1157:Socialist market
1142:Market socialist
978:Economic systems
965:
964:
955:
948:
941:
927:Money portal
925:
924:
923:
913:
912:
409:Natural resource
201:Economic systems
97:
74:
73:
67:
60:
56:
53:
47:
27:
26:
19:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5681:Information Age
5661:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5651:Business portal
5618:
5617:
5616:
5576:
5340:von Böhm-Bawerk
5228:
5227:
5218:
4990:Ancient thought
4968:
4967:
4961:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4703:
4668:
4620:Contract theory
4605:Decision theory
4586:
4581:
4543:
4538:
4504:30 (1): 199–220
4456:Wayback Machine
4443:
4438:
4424:
4415:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4398:UNCSTD (1997).
4396:
4392:
4361:
4357:
4348:
4346:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4284:
4282:
4272:
4268:
4259:
4255:
4248:
4244:
4228:
4227:
4215:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4160:
4156:
4134:
4128:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4102:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4068:
4064:
4048:
4047:
4035:
4019:
4012:
3996:
3995:
3983:
3967:
3958:
3951:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3902:
3898:
3855:
3846:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3766:
3762:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3726:
3720:
3716:
3697:
3688:
3665:
3661:
3645:
3644:
3628:
3615:
3600:
3593:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3504:Worldbank Draft
3499:
3493:
3489:
3481:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3448:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3389:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3323:
3322:
3311:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3268:
3259:
3243:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3084:Springer Verlag
3076:
3072:
3043:
3039:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2977:
2973:
2961:
2953:
2944:
2937:
2923:
2916:
2891:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2841:Network economy
2711:Digital economy
2676:
2655:
2639:unified process
2627:
2620:
2617:
2608:
2607:Munich, Germany
2605:
2596:
2593:
2584:
2581:
2517:
2485:
2473:network economy
2461:
2444:
2340:R&D factors
2311:mass production
2307:post-industrial
2293:, that is, the
2287:
2279:economic growth
2275:
2236:
2111:critical skills
2060:
2022:Information Age
1999:digital economy
1987:service economy
1976:mass production
1941:problem-solving
1890:
1885:
1877:economic growth
1831:and scientific
1821:economic system
1805:
1765:
1758:
1757:
1723:Post-industrial
1718:Post-capitalist
1678:Hunter-gatherer
1663:
1655:
1654:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1539:Nationalization
1499:Demutualization
1494:Corporatization
1479:
1471:
1470:
1461:State ownership
1436:
1428:
1427:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1282:Robinson Crusoe
1217:
1216:By coordination
1209:
1208:
1193:Traditionalist
1053:Neomercantilist
1013:
1005:
986:
959:
921:
919:
907:
900:
899:
870:
860:
859:
858:
857:
621:von Böhm-Bawerk
509:
498:
497:
259:
251:
250:
206:Economic growth
196:
188:
187:
129:
127:classifications
68:
57:
51:
48:
41:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5704:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5599:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5231:
5229:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5116:
5111:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5054:Disequilibrium
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4969:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4867:Organizational
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4678:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4632:Macroeconomics
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4600:Microeconomics
4596:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4541:External links
4539:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4390:
4371:(6): 842–856.
4355:
4313:
4291:
4266:
4264:, October 2021
4253:
4242:
4213:
4194:
4179:
4173:978-1841120676
4172:
4154:
4119:
4087:
4081:978-0385483810
4080:
4062:
4033:
4010:
3981:
3956:
3949:
3931:
3924:
3896:
3869:(1): 159–176.
3844:
3810:
3803:
3785:
3778:
3760:
3739:
3714:
3686:
3675:(7): 160–166.
3659:
3613:
3591:
3582:|journal=
3567:on 2013-04-18.
3545:
3509:
3487:
3484:on 2014-12-22.
3458:
3449:|journal=
3419:
3412:
3387:
3351:
3339:
3309:
3280:
3257:
3228:
3211:
3204:
3178:
3151:
3125:
3099:
3092:
3070:
3037:
2996:
2989:
2971:
2942:
2935:
2914:
2903:(1): 199–220.
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2856:Purple economy
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
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2708:
2703:
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2677:
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2672:
2654:
2651:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2575:
2525:Silicon Valley
2516:
2513:
2484:
2481:
2460:
2457:
2443:
2440:
2416:mathematicians
2384:Michael Porter
2286:
2283:
2274:
2271:
2235:
2232:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2199:
2185:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2151:
2136:laws of motion
2125:
2059:
2056:
2013:material, and
1974:that features
1930:economic value
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1865:physical input
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1733:Resource-based
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
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1705:
1700:
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1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1519:Liberalization
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1437:
1435:Property types
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1384:Latin America
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
984:
981:
980:
974:
973:
961:
960:
958:
957:
950:
943:
935:
932:
931:
930:
929:
917:
902:
901:
898:
897:
892:
882:
877:
871:
866:
865:
862:
861:
856:
855:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
512:
511:
510:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
414:Organizational
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
258:By application
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
151:
146:
141:
136:
130:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
99:
98:
90:
89:
83:
82:
70:
69:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5703:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5235:de Mandeville
5233:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5177:New classical
5175:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5133:Malthusianism
5131:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5094:Institutional
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4897:Public choice
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:Participation
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4834:Institutional
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Expeditionary
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4774:Environmental
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4578:
4573:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4409:
4401:
4394:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4359:
4345:on 2017-12-06
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4302:
4295:
4281:
4277:
4274:Terra, Nana.
4270:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4246:
4238:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4183:
4175:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4126:
4124:
4108:
4101:
4098:OECD (2001).
4094:
4092:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4058:
4052:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4017:
4015:
4006:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3952:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3927:
3925:9780080549354
3921:
3917:
3913:
3910:. Routledge.
3909:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3815:
3806:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3781:
3779:9780415485470
3775:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3750:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3649:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3608:
3607:
3598:
3596:
3587:
3574:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3520:
3513:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3441:
3430:
3423:
3415:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3377:on 2014-12-28
3373:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3342:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3253:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3207:
3205:9781781005132
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3171:
3170:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3093:9783030428709
3089:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2990:92-79-02207-5
2986:
2982:
2975:
2967:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2936:9780821369579
2932:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2872:
2871:Working hours
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
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2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
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2809:
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2759:
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2702:
2699:
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2684:
2682:
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2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
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2615:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:petrochemical
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:United States
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:microeconomic
2494:
2490:
2489:globalisation
2483:Globalisation
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:manufacturers
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:science-based
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2240:formalization
2231:
2229:
2225:
2224:Peter Drucker
2221:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:technological
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:philosophical
2088:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2050:developed by
2049:
2045:
2044:Fritz Machlup
2041:
2040:
2035:
2034:Peter Drucker
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:trade secrets
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:manual labour
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:global market
1907:
1903:
1902:macroeconomic
1899:
1898:microeconomic
1895:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:human capital
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Post-scarcity
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Expeditionary
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1549:Socialization
1547:
1545:
1544:Privatization
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:Mutualization
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Marketization
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:Expropriation
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Communization
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:Decentralized
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Social credit
1182:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:Participatory
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Social market
1061:
1059:
1058:Protectionist
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:Laissez-faire
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
983:
982:
979:
976:
975:
971:
967:
966:
956:
951:
949:
944:
942:
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
918:
916:
911:
906:
905:
904:
903:
896:
893:
890:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
869:
864:
863:
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
516:de Mandeville
514:
513:
508:
502:
501:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
445:
444:Public choice
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
419:Participation
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
379:Institutional
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
329:Expeditionary
327:
325:
322:
320:
319:Environmental
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
254:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
192:
191:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
155:
152:
150:
149:International
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:Branches and
122:
121:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
101:
100:
96:
92:
91:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
75:
66:
63:
55:
45:
39:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
5646:Publications
5602:Publications
5569:
5165:Neoclassical
5155:Mercantilism
5064:Evolutionary
4926:Sociological
4899: /
4799:Geographical
4779:Evolutionary
4754:Digitization
4719:Agricultural
4682:Econometrics
4610:Price theory
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4441:Bibliography
4399:
4393:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4347:. Retrieved
4343:the original
4330:
4326:
4316:
4304:. Retrieved
4294:
4283:. Retrieved
4279:
4269:
4256:
4245:
4203:
4197:
4188:
4182:
4163:
4157:
4138:
4110:. Retrieved
4106:
4071:
4065:
4023:
3971:
3940:
3934:
3906:
3899:
3866:
3862:
3833:(2): 23–42.
3830:
3826:
3794:
3788:
3769:
3763:
3749:cite journal
3730:
3717:
3708:
3704:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3648:cite journal
3639:
3635:
3605:
3573:cite journal
3562:the original
3548:
3534:(1): 31–77.
3531:
3525:
3512:
3503:
3490:
3479:the original
3474:
3461:
3440:cite journal
3422:
3403:
3390:
3379:. Retrieved
3372:the original
3367:
3354:
3344:, retrieved
3330:
3271:
3219:
3214:
3187:
3181:
3168:
3142:. Retrieved
3138:
3128:
3116:. Retrieved
3112:
3102:
3079:
3073:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2980:
2974:
2957:
2926:
2900:
2894:
2656:
2628:
2533:Silicon Wadi
2518:
2486:
2462:
2452:just-in-time
2445:
2361:
2344:universities
2331:
2288:
2276:
2237:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2201:
2187:
2181:labour force
2178:
2169:
2163:
2153:
2127:
2121:
2095:Gilbert Ryle
2084:
2065:
2061:
2037:
2029:
2019:
1984:
1934:
1891:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1638:Peer-to-peer
1633:Self-managed
1568:Coordination
1504:Deregulation
1189:Distributist
1043:Mercantilist
885:Publications
850:
473:Sociological
446: /
383:
344:Geographical
324:Evolutionary
299:Digitization
264:Agricultural
168:Mathematical
139:Econometrics
58:
49:
36:copy editing
34:may require
33:
5440:von Neumann
5209:Supply-side
5194:Physiocracy
5138:Marginalism
4829:Information
4769:Engineering
4749:Development
4744:Demographic
4615:Game theory
4592:Theoretical
4416:|work=
3057:: 170–177.
3016:: 538–547.
2561:South Korea
2372:labor force
2264:new economy
2093:studies by
2068:consumption
2028:. The term
2011:copyrighted
1896:within the
1888:Description
1849:information
1743:Traditional
1693:Manorialism
1688:Information
1662:Other types
1648:Open access
1611:Cybernetics
1353:Anglo-Saxon
1338:Singaporean
1297:Underground
1292:Subsistence
1197:Corporatist
1172:Syndicalist
1132:Communalist
1018:Associative
1012:By ideology
985:Major types
721:von Neumann
374:Information
314:Engineering
294:Development
289:Demographic
231:Game theory
173:Methodology
5665:Categories
5597:Economists
5470:Schumacher
5375:Schumpeter
5345:von Wieser
5265:von Thünen
5225:Economists
5124:Circuitism
5089:Humanistic
5084:Historical
5059:Ecological
5049:Democratic
5022:Chartalism
5012:Behavioral
4975:Mainstream
4936:Statistics
4931:Solidarity
4852:Managerial
4819:Humanistic
4814:Historical
4759:Ecological
4724:Behavioral
4549:(Wikibook)
4349:2017-12-05
4285:2024-07-02
4043:1050279840
4027:. London.
3991:1089007311
3804:0226736687
3381:2013-09-05
3346:2020-02-10
3290:1050279840
3274:. London.
2861:Smart city
2736:Indigo Era
2686:Automation
2643:innovation
2625:Technology
2487:The rapid
2428:industries
2412:biologists
2380:algorithms
2301:where the
2172:World Bank
2132:principles
2087:historical
2078:in modern
1857:capitalise
1833:innovation
1748:Transition
1708:Plantation
1616:Indicative
1478:Transition
1328:East Asian
1099:Religious
1075:Democratic
1048:Neoliberal
1033:Democratic
1023:Capitalist
991:Capitalism
880:Economists
751:Schumacher
656:Schumpeter
626:von Wieser
546:von Thünen
507:economists
483:Statistics
478:Solidarity
399:Managerial
364:Humanistic
359:Historical
304:Ecological
269:Behavioral
163:Mainstream
44:editing it
5515:Greenspan
5480:Samuelson
5460:Galbraith
5430:Tinbergen
5370:von Mises
5365:Heckscher
5325:Edgeworth
5204:Stockholm
5199:Socialist
5099:Keynesian
5079:Happiness
5039:Classical
5000:Mutualism
4995:Anarchist
4980:Heterodox
4877:Personnel
4838:Knowledge
4804:Happiness
4794:Financial
4764:Education
4739:Democracy
4674:Empirical
4584:Economics
4418:ignored (
4408:cite book
4339:1544-7529
4231:cite book
4223:876042578
4051:cite book
3999:cite book
3891:152957932
3883:1868-7865
3298:cite book
3246:cite book
3238:758983832
3032:1877-0428
2836:Long tail
2619:Hyderabad
2549:Hyderabad
2521:High tech
2404:engineers
2273:Evolution
2244:modelling
2122:Know-what
1980:unskilled
1853:practices
1829:technical
1713:Plutonomy
1594:Regulated
1423:Voluntary
1349:European
1202:Feudalism
1147:Mutualist
1137:Communist
1127:Socialist
1108:Christian
1028:Corporate
1001:Communism
996:Socialism
796:Greenspan
761:Samuelson
741:Galbraith
711:Tinbergen
651:von Mises
646:Heckscher
606:Edgeworth
424:Personnel
384:Knowledge
349:Happiness
339:Financial
309:Education
284:Democracy
178:Political
144:Heterodox
87:Economics
52:June 2023
5626:Category
5606:journals
5592:Glossary
5545:Stiglitz
5510:Rothbard
5490:Buchanan
5475:Friedman
5465:Koopmans
5455:Leontief
5435:Robinson
5320:Marshall
5170:Lausanne
5074:Georgism
5069:Feminist
5017:Buddhist
5007:Austrian
4906:Regional
4882:Planning
4857:Monetary
4789:Feminist
4734:Cultural
4729:Business
4452:Archived
4385:17557226
4149:10187248
3733:: 1–65.
3681:32055689
2674:See also
2493:openness
2408:chemists
2285:Overview
2205:economy.
2164:Know-how
2154:Know-who
2128:Know-why
2115:Lundvall
2015:patented
1949:crafting
1939:such as
1883:Overview
1819:, is an
1601:Planning
1252:Informal
1237:Dirigist
1090:Georgist
1085:Feminist
970:a series
968:Part of
889:journals
875:Glossary
826:Stiglitz
791:Rothbard
771:Buchanan
756:Friedman
746:Koopmans
736:Leontief
716:Robinson
601:Marshall
505:Notable
453:Regional
429:Planning
404:Monetary
334:Feminist
279:Cultural
274:Business
79:a series
77:Part of
5641:Outline
5612:Schools
5604: (
5565:Piketty
5560:Krugman
5425:Kuznets
5415:Kalecki
5390:Polanyi
5280:Cournot
5275:Bastiat
5260:Ricardo
5250:Malthus
5240:Quesnay
5143:Marxian
5034:Chicago
4964:history
4959:Schools
4946:Welfare
4916:Service
4709:Applied
4306:3 March
2545:Germany
2105:" and "
1922:capital
1643:Sharing
1606:In kind
1554:Marxist
1446:Commons
1413:Private
1402:Sectors
1373:Rhenish
1343:Keralan
1333:Chinese
1307:Virtual
1287:Sharing
1277:Planned
1267:Natural
1232:Digital
1120:Islamic
1080:Fascist
1068:Welfare
895:Schools
887: (
846:Piketty
841:Krugman
706:Kuznets
696:Kalecki
671:Polanyi
561:Cournot
556:Bastiat
541:Ricardo
531:Malthus
521:Quesnay
493:Welfare
463:Service
134:Applied
110:Outline
105:History
5550:Thaler
5530:Ostrom
5525:Becker
5520:Sowell
5500:Baumol
5405:Myrdal
5400:Sraffa
5395:Frisch
5385:Knight
5380:Keynes
5355:Fisher
5350:Veblen
5335:Pareto
5315:Menger
5310:George
5305:Jevons
5300:Walras
5290:Gossen
5214:Thermo
4892:Public
4887:Policy
4842:Labour
4809:Health
4383:
4337:
4333:: 19.
4221:
4211:
4170:
4147:
4112:26 Oct
4078:
4041:
4031:
3989:
3979:
3947:
3922:
3889:
3881:
3801:
3776:
3737:
3679:
3410:
3337:
3288:
3278:
3236:
3226:
3202:
3144:16 Oct
3118:16 Oct
3090:
3030:
2987:
2933:
2569:Brazil
2541:Munich
2537:Israel
2418:, and
1970:or an
1918:labour
1703:Palace
1579:Market
1574:Barter
1418:Public
1378:Soviet
1363:Nordic
1358:German
1324:Asian
1257:Market
831:Thaler
811:Ostrom
806:Becker
801:Sowell
781:Baumol
686:Myrdal
681:Sraffa
676:Frisch
666:Knight
661:Keynes
636:Fisher
631:Veblen
616:Pareto
596:Menger
591:George
586:Jevons
581:Walras
571:Gossen
439:Public
434:Policy
389:Labour
354:Health
211:Market
5636:Lists
5631:Index
5582:Lists
5555:Hoppe
5540:Lucas
5505:Solow
5495:Arrow
5485:Simon
5450:Lange
5445:Hicks
5420:Röpke
5410:Hayek
5360:Pigou
5330:Clark
5245:Smith
5160:Mixed
5119:Post-
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2557:Seoul
2553:India
1914:input
1845:ideas
1753:World
1738:Token
1628:Price
1368:Dutch
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1167:State
1095:Green
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701:Röpke
691:Hayek
641:Pigou
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526:Smith
488:Urban
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158:Macro
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