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level, and was about 40 by 12 metres; it contained the engines as well as the crew housing. Bazin predicted the ship would be able to make about eighteen knots, perhaps pushing twenty at full power, but hoped that a ship of similar build with the power that could propel a convention ship to 20 knots could achieve speeds of 47 knots; many observers estimated, however, that the design was theoretically capable of thirty-two knots based on the size and power of the wheels and on early model tests. This compared very favourably with contemporary steamships; the fast
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82:: they tapered to a point, like the hulls of ships. Indeed, when pushed forwards through the water, without any rotational movement, they behaved exactly like a conventional hull. When rotated, however, they proved in testing to be much more efficient, due to the propulsive force being expended both vertically and horizontally. It was found that the overall speed ought to be roughly two-thirds the speed of rotation of the wheels.
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could be reduced and – in theory – the vessel could be made to move much faster for a given amount of power. As envisaged by Bazin, the main hull was lifted out of the water, with large hollow discs attached to each side. These discs would provide the buoyancy of the ship, as well as part
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on August 19, 1896. It had three pairs of discs ten-metres in diameter and three-metres thick; each pair was independently driven by a fifty-horsepower engine and, under normal conditions, about one-third submerged. The main hull was supported just above the axes of these discs, 4m above the sea
198:. However, it suffered much the same flaws as Bazin's design; the hypothetical "mile a minute" was, in practice, no more than five knots, and the vessel proved difficult to control. After trials, the prototype was tied up at the harbour for ten years, before being sold as scrap.
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could break thirty. The fuel consumption was also anticipated to be sharply reduced; a full-scale vessel was predicted by Bazin to consume only 800 tons of coal for a thirty-knot
Atlantic crossing, compared to 3000–4000 tons for a 22-knot crossing by a conventional liner.
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in early 1897, the design was found to be unworkable. When the rollers rotated through the water, each one brought up so much water adhering to it that it was braked heavily, causing them to rotate much more slowly than anticipated and with a much greater consumption of fuel.
194:, designed another type of vessel which he termed a "roller boat"; this was essentially a single long cylinder which sat in the water. An engine inside, supported on rotating bearings, caused the outer surface of the cylinder to rotate, acting as a
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Bazin died on
January 21, 1898, a few weeks after announcing he had overcome these problems, and revealing plans for an ocean-going liner, with four pairs of discs, which would be able to cross from Le Havre to New York in sixty hours.
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in a rough triangular layout, with a flat deck mounted above them; there was apparently no other propulsion. The project was a complete failure, perhaps due to the lack of any propulsion other than the paddles.
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was a test ship, meant to test the design. If its test succeeded, a roller ship with 4 disc pairs was to be constructed to transport passengers from
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of its propulsive power. These wheels were independently driven, with a separate screw lowered into the water from the hull to propel the boat.
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of the late nineteenth century, which attempted to propel itself by means of large wheels. Only one such vessel was constructed —
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The idea briefly resurfaced in the 1930s, with proposed designs for a large "tricycle" liner appearing in
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An early attempt to produce such a ship was made in the early 1880s by Robert Fryer, who built the
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at a cost of some £14,000 after twelve years of experimentation. It consisted of three
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of the day could manage slightly over twenty knots, whilst high-powered military
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inventor Ernest Bazin after five years of model-based tests and launched at
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The principle behind the design was similar to that of the slightly later
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327:"A Steamer on Wheels", by James Walter Smith. p. 552–558:
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Das
Rollenschiff des Ernest Bazin/ Ernest Bazin's roller ship
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The steampunk dream machine that lies buried beneath
Toronto
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an analogous attempt (like adapting paddle wheels) to flight
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An artist's impression of a full-scale Bazin roller liner
423:(Subsequent pages contain photographs of the Bazin ship)
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The first and only operational roller ship, the 280-ton
170:in 1934, and a much smaller four-wheeled boat in
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259:, by Bernard Dumpleton. Intellect Books, 2002.
366:"Ernest Bazin dead in France". Article in the
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515:Randy Richmond & Tom Villemaire (2002).
402:"Turbo Wheel Liners to Speed Across Seas",
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186:Knapp's roller boat, in Prescott, Ontario.
292:"The French Roller Ship". Article in the
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154:. However, when preparing to cross the
42:was an unconventional and unsuccessful
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497:(2). Toronto Marine Historical Society
190:In 1897, Frederick Knapp, a lawyer in
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521:. Dundurn Press. pp. 104–110.
239:55, 379 – 380 (18 Feb 1897).
31:Schematic design, published in the
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463:. Heritage Toronto. Archived from
436:. Town of Prescott. Archived from
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331:, Vol. 12, no. 70. (Oct. 1896).
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257:The Story Of The Paddle Steamer
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280:Le drôle de bateau de M. Bazin
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283:(the funny boat of Mr Bazin)
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607:19th-century introductions
518:Colossal Canadian failures
235:"The "Bazin" Roller Boat.
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386:56, p.500 (23 Sep 1897),
347:55, p.109 (03 Dec 1896),
53:
420:Transportation Futurists
434:"The Knapp Roller Boat"
214:Screw-propelled vehicle
370:, January 22nd, 1898.
316:Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
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118:, was designed by the
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564:Knapp's roller ship:
553:at Wikimedia Commons
461:"Knapp's Roller Boat"
296:, August 30th, 1896.
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329:The Strand Magazine
587:Experimental ships
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592:Marine propulsion
549:Media related to
487:"The Roller Boat"
459:Sullivan, Olena.
440:on 10 August 2015
333:Online copy (PDF)
192:Prescott, Ontario
18:Knapp roller boat
16:(Redirected from
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499:. Retrieved
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129:ocean liners
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408:Online copy
372:Online copy
298:Online copy
276:(in French)
124:Saint-Denis
44:ship design
40:roller ship
597:Ship types
582:1896 ships
576:Categories
501:2009-04-06
471:24 January
444:24 January
220:References
136:destroyers
80:lenticular
208:Cyclogyro
174:in 1935.
68:hydrofoil
382:Note in
343:Note in
202:See also
148:Le Havre
491:Scanner
255:p. 71,
86:History
559:Report
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384:Nature
345:Nature
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237:Nature
120:French
110:, 1897
54:Design
561:(PDF)
92:Alice
523:ISBN
473:2019
446:2019
261:ISBN
142:The
72:drag
38:The
388:doi
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150:to
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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