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220:). The Mongols were defeated, and Kitbuqa was captured. When he was brought, bound, before the Mamluk sultan he was defiant, describing the Mongol vengeance that would befall the victors. He taunted the Mamluk emirs, saying how he had always been loyal to his master, whilst they had betrayed theirs. Kitbuqa was executed by veteran
227:
Mamluk histories speak of
Kitbuqa with respect, painting him as a great warrior who refused to retreat when the Mongols were clearly being overpowered at Ain Jalut, and who favored death in battle over retreat and shame. It was expected that Kitbuqa's death would be avenged by Hulagu, but an internal
413:, Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1952, p.162. Quoted in "Histoire des Croisades III", René Grousset, p.593; Nam ipse fuerat de progenie trium regum, qui uenerunt natiuitatem domini adorare (For he was a descendant of the Three Kings who came to the Nativity to adore the Lord).
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Kitbuqa, who had been left by Hulagu in Syria and
Palestine, held the Land in peace and in state of rest. And he greatly loved and honoured the Christians because he was of the lineage of the Three Kings of Orient who came to Bethlehem to adore the nativity of Our Lord. Kitbuqa worked at recovering
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prevented this from happening. Kitbuqa's death and the defeat of the
Mongols at Ain Jalut marked the beginning of the end for the Westward expansion of the Mongol Empire. It was the first occasion they had been decisively defeated and failed to avenge such a loss, though the Mongols continued to
253:"On 1 March Kitbuqa entered Damascus at the head of a Mongol army. With him were the King of Armenia and the Prince of Antioch. The citizens of the ancient capital of the Caliphate saw for the first time for six centuries three Christian potentates ride in triumph through their streets".
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When Hulagu Khan withdrew his forces, responding to internal events in the Mongol Empire (the death of Hulagu's brother, the Great Möngke Khan), Kitbuqa was left in charge of the Mongol army remaining in the Middle East:
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and even intended to ask Hulegu for possession of the town. (...) If this prince reached as far as
Baalbek, it is most probable that he also passed through Damascus." De Reuven Amitai-Preiss, "Mongols and Mamluks",
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in 1258. When Hulagu took the bulk of his forces back with him to attend a ceremony in
Mongolia, Kitbuqa was left in control of Syria, and was responsible for further Mongol raids southwards towards the
391:"While this report cannot be taken literally, it may contain a grain of truth. Armenian troops were part of Ketbuqa's force, while some time during the Mongol occupation Bohemond visited
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204:, allowing the Mamluks to advance northwards through Crusader territory, and camp for resupply near the Crusader stronghold of
161:, and Kitbuqa) entering the city of Damascus together in triumph, though modern historians have characterized this story as
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138:. He advanced with Hulagu into western Persia, mounting a series of sieges, and commanded one of the flanks that
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In command of a force including 100,000 Mongol troops, Kitbuqa attempted to continue the Mongol advance towards
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invade Syria, Japan, Hungary, Poland and
Southeast Asia for the next several decades.
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A History of the
Crusades: Volume 3, The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
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37:"Kitboga" redirects here. For the Internet personality and scam baiter, see
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Historical accounts, quoting from the writings of the medieval historian
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81:, assisting him in his conquests in the Middle East including the
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This article is about
Kitbuqa Noyan. For the Sultan of Egypt, see
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ordered
Kitbuqa to lead the advance guard of Hulagu Khan's army
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200:. However, the Mamluks had negotiated a passive truce with the
452:(first edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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409:, tome II, Paris, 1906; quoted in Ugo Monneret de Villard,
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Novus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum,
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Recueil des historiens des croisades, Document Arméniens
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Mongols and
Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281
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335:
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The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia
153:, would often describe the three Christian rulers (
378:Peter Jackson, "Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260,"
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356:"Histoire des Croisades III", Grousset, p. 588
332:"Histoire des Croisades III", Grousset, p. 581
308:"Saudi Aramco World "The Battle of Ain Jalut""
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136:against the fortresses of the Nizari Ismailis
421:De Cobila Can quinto Imperatore Tartarorum
411:Le leggende orientali sui Magi evangelici
184:La flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient
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228:conflict between Hulagu and his cousin
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310:. Saudiaramcoworld.com. Archived from
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69:, a group that was subservient to the
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415:Simon Grynaeus Johannes Huttichius,
142:before assisting in the conquest of
515:Military personnel killed in action
77:and confidant of the Mongol Ilkhan
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224:Jamal al-Din Akoush al-Shamsy.
94:. He was killed in 1260 at the
470:. Cambridge University Press.
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500:Generals of the Mongol Empire
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49:(died 1260), also spelled
36:
29:
27:Mongol general (died 1260)
520:Generals of the Ilkhanate
466:Runciman, Steven (1987).
405:in Charles Kohler (ed.),
380:English Historical Review
505:Mongol Empire Nestorians
419:Basel, 1532, caput XXX,
240:
274:René Grousset (1970).
189:
159:Bohemond VI of Antioch
140:sacked Baghdad in 1258
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510:13th-century soldiers
446:Amitai-Preiss, Reuven
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314:on 12 February 2012
214:Battle of Ain Jalut
192:Battle of Ain Jalut
155:Hethum I of Armenia
96:Battle of Ain Jalut
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39:Kitboga (streamer)
212:, at the pivotal
180:Hayton of Corycus
120:Hayton of Corycus
63:Eastern Christian
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382:376 (1980) 486
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365:David Morgan,
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232:of the Mongol
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174:the Holy Land.
118:in 1260. From
116:Julian Grenier
114:: Kitbuqa vs.
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367:The Mongols
216:(spring of
132:Möngke Khan
73:. He was a
489:Categories
318:26 January
261:References
163:apocryphal
75:lieutenant
369:(2nd ed.)
202:Crusaders
146:in 1260.
130:In 1252,
110:Siege of
102:Biography
90:based in
61:, was an
423:, p.445.
177:—
144:Damascus
59:Ketbugha
51:Kitbogha
18:Kitbugha
393:Baalbek
210:Galilee
186:(1307).
67:Naimans
65:of the
55:Kitboga
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222:Mamluk
218:Gideon
79:Hulagu
241:Notes
230:Berke
198:Egypt
112:Sidon
92:Cairo
57:, or
472:ISBN
396:p.31
320:2013
288:ISBN
206:Acre
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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