904:, US soldiers were shown to be effective in kill ratios and high body counts, but this was misleading when used to measure aims as it did not show the lack of progress towards the US goal of increasing South Vietnamese government control of its territory. Another example would be to measure the productivity of a software development team in terms of lines of source code written. This approach can easily add large amounts of dubious code, thereby inflating the line count but adding little value in terms of systemic improvement. A similar problem arises when a footballer kicks a ball uselessly to build up their statistics.
1769:
133:
2194:
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36:
2204:
168:, 10/10 customer satisfaction), and sometimes success is defined in terms of making progress toward strategic goals. Accordingly, choosing the right KPIs relies upon a good understanding of what is important to the organization. What is deemed important often depends on the department measuring the performance – e.g. the KPIs useful to finance will differ from the KPIs assigned to sales.
315:
Performance indicators differ from business drivers and aims (or goals). A school might consider the failure rate of its students as a key performance indicator which might help the school understand its position in the educational community, whereas a business might consider the percentage of income
171:
Since there is a need to understand well what is important, various techniques to assess the present state of the business, and its key activities, are associated with the selection of performance indicators. These assessments often lead to the identification of potential improvements, so performance
336:
Key performance indicators (KPIs) are ways to periodically assess the performances of organizations, business units, and their division, departments and employees. Accordingly, KPIs are most commonly defined in a way that is understandable, meaningful, and measurable. They are rarely defined in such
183:
KPIs are used not only for business organizations but also for technical aspects such as machine performance. For example, a machine used for production in a factory would output various signals indicating how the current machine status is (e.g., machine sensor signals). Some signals or signals as a
471:
Faster availability of data is a competitive issue for most organizations. For example, businesses that have higher operational/credit risk (involving for example credit cards or wealth management) may want weekly or even daily availability of KPI analysis, facilitated by appropriate IT systems and
179:
The importance of such performance indicators is evident in the typical decision-making process (e.g. in management of organisations). When a decision-maker considers several options, they must be equipped to properly analyse the status quo to predict the consequences of future actions. Should they
217:
An 'indicator' can only measure what 'has' happened, in the past tense, so the only type of measurement is descriptive or lagging. Any KPI that attempts to measure something in a future state as predictive, diagnostic or prescriptive is no longer an 'indicator', it is a 'prognosticator' – at this
756:
has been using KPIs since 1998 to measure the performance of higher education institutions in the province. All post-secondary schools collect and report performance data in five areas – graduate satisfaction, student satisfaction, employer satisfaction, employment rate, and graduation rate. In
679:. Suppliers have instant access to a user-friendly portal for submitting standardized cost savings templates. Suppliers and their customers exchange vital supply chain performance data while gaining visibility to the exact status of cost improvement projects and cost savings documentation.
744:, the manager will use KPIs that target best use of the facility, like the receiving and put away KPIs to measure the receiving efficiency and the putaway cost per line. Storage KPIs can also be used to determine the efficiency of the storage space and the carrying cost of the inventory.
160:
of an organization or of a particular activity (such as projects, programs, products and other initiatives) in which it engages. KPIs provide a focus for strategic and operational improvement, create an analytical basis for decision making and help focus attention on what matters most.
180:
make their analysis on the basis of faulty or incomplete information, the predictions will not be reliable and consequently the decision made might yield an unexpected result. Therefore, the proper usage of performance indicators is vital to avoid such mistakes and minimise the risk.
884:
In practice, overseeing key performance indicators can prove expensive or difficult for organizations. Some indicators such as staff morale may be impossible to quantify. As such, dubious KPIs can be adopted that can be used as a rough guide rather than a precise benchmark.
1070:
KPI is a business metric that measures the degree of fulfillment of a goal or a
Critical Success Factor (CSF). The CSF is an organization-internal or organization-external property that is necessary to achieve a specific goal. A CSF can involve multiple
841:
367:
KPIs should be set at a senior level within an organization and cascaded through all levels of management. In order to be evaluated, KPIs are linked to target values, so that the value of the measure can be assessed as meeting expectations or not.
899:
Sometimes, collecting statistics can become a substitute for a better understanding of the problems, so the use of dubious KPIs can result in progress in aims and measured effectiveness becoming different. For example, during the
371:
Key performance indicators are mostly the non-financial measures of a company's performance – they do not have a monetary value but in a business context they do contribute to the company's profitability.
433:
Customer density (the proportion of revenue attributable to a specified percentage of accounts, which ideally should match, for example the top 10% of accounts should broadly contribute 10% of revenue)
545:
firms (for example, management consultancies, systems integration firms, or digital marketing agencies) use three key performance indicators to track the health of their businesses. They typically use
1326:
237:. An activity can have four elements: input, output, control, and mechanism. At a minimum, activity is required to have at least an input and an output. Something goes into the activity as an
337:
a way that their fulfillment would be hampered by factors seen as non-controllable by the organizations or individuals responsible. Such KPIs are usually ignored by organizations.
205:
facts presented with a specific objective numeric value measured against a standard. Usually they are not subject to distortion, personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations.
793:
496:= run time / total time; by definition this is the percentage of the actual amount of production time the machine is running to the production time the machine is available.
682:
Any business, regardless of size, can better manage supplier performance and overall supply chain performance, with the help of KPIs' robust capabilities, which include:
192:
Key performance indicators define a set of values against to which measure. These raw sets of values, which can be fed to systems that aggregate the data, are called
1135:
172:
indicators are routinely associated with 'performance improvement' initiatives. A very common way to choose KPIs is to apply a management framework such as the
504:= time the building/ location/ service/ machine is out of operation due to any reason (including planned down time such as maintenance or 'out of season').
766:
1270:, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013, accessed 6 January 2022
1339:
184:
result of processing the existing signals may represent the high-level machine performance. These representative signals can be KPI for the machine.
2044:
1454:
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Demographic analysis of individuals (potential customers) applying to become customers, and the levels of approval, rejections, and pending numbers
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1567:
1458:
1105:
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1654:
510:= total count / target counter, by definition this is the percentage of total parts produced on the machine to the production rate of machine.
2214:
933:
218:
point, it is analytics (possibly based on a KPI) but leading KPIs are also used to indicate the amount of front end loading activities.
1945:
875:
Organization contribution to Sector performance improvement Ex: Research
Institutes contribution to Commercial Agriculture Improvement
17:
1646:
1354:"Role of Peripheral Analysis Methods in Adoption of Successful KPIs for a Research Institute Working Towards Commercial Agriculture"
100:
1529:
Role of
Peripheral Analysis Methods in Adoption of Successful KPIs for a Research Institute Working Towards Commercial Agriculture
72:
1928:
2208:
1768:
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516:= good count / total count, by definition, this is the percentage of good parts out of the total parts produced on the machine.
53:
1908:
1713:
1405:
1251:
1031:
79:
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as a result of employees working to the specific measurements at the expense of the actual quality or value of their work.
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represents non-numeric conformance to a standard, or interpretation of personal feelings, tastes, opinions or experiences.
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KPIs to establish and monitor progress toward a variety of goals, including lean manufacturing objectives,
836:{\displaystyle {\text{ROC}}={\frac {{\text{Close}}-{\text{Close (Past)}}}{\text{Close (Past)}}}\times 100}
2119:
2012:
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activities, and publication of up to four main KPIs for the most important contracts outsourced by each
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Often success is simply the repeated, periodic achievement of some levels of operational goal (e.g.
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Profitability of customers by demographic segments and segmentation of customers by profitability
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564:= the difference between the revenue generated by a project and the cost of delivering the work
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ime phased, which means the value or outcomes are shown for a predefined and relevant period.
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542:
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Key
Performance Indicators – Developing, Implementing, and Using Winning KPIs. (4th Edition)
483:(OEE) is a set of broadly accepted nonfinancial metrics that reflect manufacturing success.
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Having a quantitative/qualitative measurement of the results and comparison with set goals.
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2008:
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Weilkiens, Tim; Weiss, Christian; Grass, Andrea; Duggen, Kim Nena (2016). "Frameworks".
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Investigating variances and tweaking processes or resources to achieve short-term goals.
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No Sure
Victory: Measuring U.S. Army Effectiveness and Progress in the Vietnam War
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uses KPIs to provide a consistent measure of the performance of NHS population
341:
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indicates the transformation produced by an activity (i.e., some form of work).
2229:
2074:
1532:
1281:"Key Performance Indicators for Warehousing Performance | SIPMM Publications"
132:
1440:
1039:
2054:
1668:
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Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs) for government's most important contracts
1208:
948:
695:
Single data repository to eliminate inefficiencies and maintain consistency
660:
580:
165:
869:
Proportion of staff unplanned absence (due to short or long term sickness)
1678:
1633:
1352:
Abeysiriwardana, Prabath
Chaminda; Jayasinghe-Mudalige, Udith K. (2021).
1106:"Key Performance Indicators – What Are Key Performance Indicators or KPI"
901:
352:
easurable to really get a value of the KPI, the defined norms have to be
1514:
Key
Performance Indicators: The 75+ Measures Every Manager Needs to Know
1420:
300:
is an object that controls the activity's production through compliance.
2018:
1802:
1425:. DeMarco, Tom., Lister, Timothy R. New York: Dorset House Publishing.
1137:
Key
Performance Indicators: Establishing the Metrics that Guide Success
450:
Outstanding balances held by segments of customers and terms of payment
701:
Flexible data-input modes and real-time graphical performance displays
282:
captures the outcome or results of an activity or group of activities.
2104:
2028:
1918:
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1193:"Using Key Performance Indicators to Drive Strategic Decision Making"
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Simplified setup procedures to eliminate dependence upon IT resources
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35:
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elevant to the success of the organization, and finally it must be
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Advanced workflow approval process to ensure consistent procedures
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enables an activity to work (a performer), either human or system.
276:
indicates the inputs required of an activity to produce an output.
444:
1847:
1718:
1327:
Population screening KPIs: purpose and data submission guidance
584:
570:= the percentage of projects delivered on time and under budget
1083:
398:
Finance report error rate (measures the quality of the report)
1995:
1358:
International
Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness
1683:
1575:
958:
667:
and diversity spending, environmental "green" initiatives,
558:= the percentage of time employees spend generating revenue
464:
Many of these customer KPIs are developed and managed with
1342:, last updated 25 November 2022, accessed 26 November 2022
549:(PSA) software to keep track of and manage these metrics.
1980:
1045:
27:
Measurement that evaluates the success of an organization
261:
mechanisms. It can also be constrained in some way by a
265:. Lastly, its actions can have a temporal construct of
196:. There are two categories of measurements for KPIs.
796:
241:; the activity transforms the input by changing its
1423:
Measuring and managing performance in organizations
1329:, updated 17 August 2020, accessed 24 November 2022
1232:, published 17 July 2016, accessed 24 November 2022
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
835:
447:) generated by segments of the customer population
1421:Austin, Robert D. (Robert Daniel), 1962– (1996).
1014:
2227:
1268:Supply Chain Key Performance Indicators Analysis
675:targets. Suppliers can implement KPIs to gain a
395:Number of retrospectively raised purchase orders
2095:Environmental, social, and corporate governance
776:
623:Schedule variance or Schedule Performance Index
392:Percentage of purchase orders raised in advance
187:
1527:Abeysiriwardana P.C., Jayasinghe-Mudalige U.,
356:chievable, the improvement of a KPI has to be
1561:
1471:
650:Planned delivery date vs actual delivery date
522:(CTR) = standard cycle time / real cycle time
316:from returning customers as a potential KPI.
306:indicates a temporal element of the activity.
1453:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1246:(1st ed.). DK Publishing. p. 146.
888:Key performance indicators can also lead to
866:Staff satisfaction/ results of staff surveys
1084:"What is a Key Performance Indicator (KPI)"
323:Having a pre-defined business process (BP).
1568:
1554:
1533:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42943-021-00021-z
1457:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
654:
1391:
1389:
1369:
1197:New Directions for Institutional Research
769:is seen as a measure helping to increase
310:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
536:
348:pecific purpose for the business, it is
319:The key stages in identifying KPIs are:
221:
131:
1929:Pollutant release and transfer register
1516:. Financial Times/ Prentice Hall 2012,
1190:
1168:"KPIs and the Logic of Decision Making"
689:On-demand, real-time scorecard measures
620:Cost variance or Cost Performance Index
14:
2228:
1395:
1386:
1241:
860:Ability to recruit to advertised roles
686:Automated entry and approval functions
490:= availability x performance x quality
408:
2236:Organizational performance management
1714:Principles for Responsible Investment
1549:
1220:
1218:
715:will detail the following processes:
704:Customized cost savings documentation
2203:
1130:
1128:
1126:
773:in the delivery of public services.
609:
574:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
24:
1893:Environmental full-cost accounting
1491:
1215:
1056:10.1016/b978-0-12-805352-2.00007-8
440:(the loss of clients or customers)
253:that are typically separated into
229:focuses on measuring a particular
25:
2262:
1226:Ten Characteristics of a Good KPI
1123:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2182:
1767:
1674:Extended producer responsibility
1400:. Oxford University Press, USA.
1396:Daddis, Gregory (June 1, 2011).
995:Supplier relationship management
547:professional services automation
475:
466:customer relationship management
385:These are some of the examples:
326:Having requirements for the BPs.
34:
1883:Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
1465:
1414:
1345:
1332:
1319:
1298:
1273:
1260:
1242:Palffy, Georgina (2015-04-14).
985:Overall equipment effectiveness
919:Business performance management
863:Employee performance indicators
481:Overall equipment effectiveness
421:Customer acquisition cost (CAC)
344:. This means the measure has a
245:, and the activity produces an
45:needs additional citations for
2155:Socially responsible marketing
2150:Socially responsible investing
1501:. John Wiley & Sons 2020,
1235:
1184:
1160:
1098:
1076:
1050:. Elsevier. pp. 149–169.
1008:
939:Data presentation architecture
872:Cross-functional team analysis
401:Average cycle time of workflow
389:Percentage of overdue invoices
249:. An activity can also enable
13:
1:
2145:Socially responsible business
1001:
752:The provincial government of
747:
457:within customer relationships
2090:Environmental pricing reform
1621:environmental responsibility
1472:Martin Fowler (2003-08-29).
1306:"Key Performance Indicators"
1191:Dolence, Michael G. (1994).
777:Other performance indicators
692:Rework on procured inventory
665:minority business enterprise
430:Status of existing customers
404:Number of duplicate payments
188:Categorization of indicators
7:
2120:Market governance mechanism
1976:Global Reporting Initiative
1946:standards and certification
1853:Social return on investment
1474:"CannotMeasureProductivity"
969:Match performance indicator
907:
879:
847:Customer order waiting time
380:
375:
10:
2267:
2060:Community interest company
2004:Community-based monitoring
1838:Genuine progress indicator
1371:10.1007/s42943-021-00021-z
1048:OCEB 2 Certification Guide
979:Objectives and key results
18:Key performance indicators
2178:
2085:Environmental degradation
2037:
1994:
1968:
1934:Sustainability accounting
1866:
1798:Ethical positioning index
1776:
1765:
1590:
1211:– via academia.edu.
852:Human Resource Management
725:Procurement and suppliers
673:low-cost country sourcing
590:Mean time between failure
146:key performance indicator
2115:Health impact assessment
1986:Sustainability reporting
1955:Toxics Release Inventory
1749:Transparency (behavioral
1724:Social impact assessment
1613:Corporate accountability
1285:publication.sipmm.edu.sg
1020:"Performance indicators"
990:Strategy Markup Language
767:UK government department
641:Average time to delivery
638:Planned manpower / month
2170:Supply chain management
2110:Global justice movement
1909:profit-and-loss account
1325:Public Health England,
929:Critical success factor
894:unintended consequences
713:supply chain management
659:Businesses can utilize
655:Supply chain management
340:KPIs should follow the
154:performance measurement
69:"Performance indicator"
2135:SDG Publishers Compact
1897:Environmental conflict
1704:Organizational justice
1209:10.1002/ir.37019948207
837:
647:Project overhead / ROI
629:Manpower spent / month
605:Average time to repair
599:Unplanned availability
311:Identifying indicators
137:
136:KPI information boards
2246:Business intelligence
2125:Product certification
1924:Life-cycle assessment
1843:Performance indicator
1734:Social responsibility
1699:Organizational ethics
1629:social responsibility
914:Business intelligence
838:
759:Public Health England
677:competitive advantage
635:Planned spend / month
562:Project profitability
543:professional services
537:Professional services
222:Points of measurement
142:performance indicator
135:
2130:Public participation
2065:Conflict of interest
1655:inequality in the UK
1647:in the United States
1639:Environmental racism
924:Community indicators
794:
626:Estimate to complete
568:Project success rate
526:Capacity utilization
156:. KPIs evaluate the
54:improve this article
2100:Ethical consumerism
2050:Benefit corporation
1942:metrics and indices
1744:Sullivan principles
1659:injustice in Europe
974:Network performance
890:perverse incentives
632:Money spent / month
595:Mean time to repair
409:Marketing and sales
2188:Environment portal
1960:Triple bottom line
1888:Emission inventory
1793:Double bottom line
1739:Stakeholder theory
1476:. Martinfowler.com
1308:. Colleges Ontario
1244:How Business Works
964:Key risk indicator
833:
602:Unplanned downtime
438:Customer attrition
174:balanced scorecard
138:
2223:
2222:
2140:Social enterprise
2045:Bangladesh Accord
1905:management system
1901:impact assessment
1878:Carbon accounting
1808:Impact assessment
1759:UN Global Compact
1651:in Western Europe
1603:Aarhus Convention
1497:David Parmenter,
1407:978-0-19974-687-3
1253:978-1-46542-979-7
1033:978-1-85359-092-4
1016:Carol Fitz-Gibbon
857:Employee turnover
825:
824:
819:
811:
800:
735:Reverse logistics
610:Project execution
575:System operations
424:Average deal size
130:
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122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
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1689:Little Eichmanns
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1338:Cabinet Office,
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1287:. 6 October 2020
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1172:www.linkedin.com
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1143:, archived from
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555:Utilization rate
520:Cycle time ratio
443:Turnover (i.e.,
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1858:Whole-life cost
1788:Corporate crime
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1694:Loss and damage
1664:Ethical banking
1608:Climate justice
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1494:
1492:Further reading
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944:Figure of merit
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754:Ontario, Canada
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719:Sales forecasts
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152:) is a type of
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2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1981:GxP guidelines
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1890:
1885:
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1874:
1872:
1864:
1863:
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1855:
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1825:
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1814:
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1784:
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1774:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:Social justice
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
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1636:
1631:
1625:responsibility
1610:
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1584:accountability
1573:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1525:
1522:978-0273750116
1512:Bernard Marr,
1510:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1464:
1431:
1413:
1406:
1385:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1297:
1272:
1266:El Sayed, H.,
1259:
1252:
1234:
1224:Eckerson, W.,
1214:
1183:
1159:
1122:
1097:
1075:
1064:
1038:
1032:
1024:BERA Dialogues
1006:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
992:
987:
982:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
954:Goodhart's law
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
909:
906:
881:
878:
877:
876:
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870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
849:
848:
844:
843:
832:
829:
815:
804:
788:
787:
782:Duration of a
778:
775:
749:
746:
738:
737:
732:
731:Transportation
729:
726:
723:
720:
711:Main KPIs for
709:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
669:cost avoidance
656:
653:
652:
651:
648:
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621:
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587:
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571:
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559:
538:
535:
534:
533:
531:Rejection rate
528:
523:
517:
511:
505:
497:
491:
477:
474:
462:
461:
458:
453:Collection of
451:
448:
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407:
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342:SMART criteria
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189:
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128:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2263:
2252:
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2215:Organizations
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2101:
2098:
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2078:
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2075:Disinvestment
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:certification
2020:
2017:
2014:
2013:certification
2010:
2009:Environmental
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
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1956:
1953:
1951:
1947:
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1927:
1925:
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1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1868:Environmental
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
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1812:environmental
1809:
1806:
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1801:
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1581:environmental
1578:
1571:
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1507:9781119620778
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1219:
1210:
1206:
1203:(82): 63–80.
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1150:on 2017-12-01
1146:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1112:on 2016-03-19
1111:
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670:
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662:
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634:
631:
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619:
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476:Manufacturing
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88:
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81:
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74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2207:
2080:Eco-labeling
2055:Child labour
1950:supply chain
1948: /
1944: /
1940: /
1936: /
1907: /
1903: /
1899: /
1895: /
1842:
1669:Ethical code
1657: /
1653: /
1649: /
1645: /
1641: /
1627: /
1623: /
1619: /
1615: /
1528:
1513:
1498:
1478:. Retrieved
1467:
1422:
1416:
1397:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1334:
1321:
1310:. Retrieved
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1262:
1243:
1237:
1230:BPM Partners
1229:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:
1162:
1152:, retrieved
1145:the original
1136:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:the original
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1078:
1069:
1047:
1041:
1023:
1010:
949:Gap analysis
934:Dashboarding
898:
887:
883:
851:
850:
823:Close (Past)
818:Close (Past)
771:transparency
751:
739:
710:
681:
661:supply chain
658:
616:Earned value
581:Availability
567:
561:
553:
540:
519:
513:
507:
499:
494:Availability
493:
487:
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246:
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238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
216:
208:
202:Quantitative
200:
193:
191:
182:
178:
170:
166:zero defects
163:
149:
145:
141:
139:
116:
110:October 2014
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2160:Stakeholder
1938:measurement
1679:Externality
1634:Dirty hands
902:Vietnam War
728:Warehousing
508:Performance
418:acquisition
227:Performance
210:Qualitative
2251:Indicators
2230:Categories
2164:engagement
2019:Fair trade
1870:accounting
1803:Higg Index
1780:accounting
1596:principles
1480:2013-05-25
1432:0932633366
1312:2019-09-25
1291:2022-07-27
1177:2021-04-04
1154:2016-04-23
1116:2008-02-15
1002:References
748:Government
468:software.
251:mechanisms
194:indicators
80:newspapers
2105:Euthenics
2070:Disasters
2029:ISO 19011
1969:Reporting
1919:ISO 14031
1914:ISO 14000
1833:ISO 45001
1828:ISO 26000
1709:Pollution
1643:in Russia
1617:behaviour
1541:0976-1888
1535:in JGBC,
1449:cite book
1380:257161299
1364:: 61–71.
1090:1 January
1086:. KPI.org
828:×
814:−
786:situation
763:screening
757:England,
742:warehouse
722:Inventory
501:Down time
455:bad debts
292:Mechanism
2198:Category
1996:Auditing
1817:equality
1441:34798037
1018:(1990),
908:See also
880:Problems
784:stockout
416:customer
381:Accounts
376:Examples
286:Activity
235:activity
2241:Metrics
2209:Commons
2162: (
2038:Related
2021: (
2011: (
1810: (
1754:social)
514:Quality
472:tools.
445:revenue
298:Control
263:control
231:element
158:success
94:scholar
1848:SA8000
1822:social
1778:Social
1719:Racism
1592:Ethics
1577:Social
1539:
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1439:
1429:
1404:
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1030:
981:(OKRs)
585:uptime
280:Output
259:system
247:output
233:of an
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67:
1376:S2CID
1148:(PDF)
1141:(PDF)
1071:KPIs.
1026:(2),
997:(SRM)
810:Close
740:In a
541:Most
274:Input
255:human
243:state
239:input
101:JSTOR
87:books
1684:Harm
1579:and
1537:ISSN
1518:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1459:link
1455:link
1437:OCLC
1427:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1248:ISBN
1201:1994
1092:2022
1060:ISBN
1028:ISBN
959:ITIL
892:and
414:New
304:Time
267:time
257:and
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1594:and
1366:doi
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150:KPI
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