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1296:Áleman died in 1951, and the County soon backed down from its road and bridge plan. His widow, Elena Santeiro Garcia, added to her Cape Florida property by buying an ocean-to-bay strip that had been part of the Matheson property. It included a canal dug by William Matheson in the 1920s, extending from the bay across most of the island. The land north of the canal was developed as part of the present-day Village of Key Biscayne. Garcia sold the Cape Florida property in 1957 for US$ 9.5 million, but the buyer defaulted and died the next year. Garcia sold the property again, for US$ 13 million. Development started on a model community' of luxury homes and resort properties. By 1962 the new developers were in financial trouble, and the property reverted again to Garcia in 1963.
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760:. A feud quickly developed between Sanchez and the Davises, with Sanchez demanding a division of the property, and the Davises refusing to acknowledge that Sanchez had any claim to the island. The Davises had hoped that a restored lighthouse would be the centerpiece of their town, but all attempts to repair the lighthouse failed while the war was on. Shortly after the end of the war, the Davises gave up on Key Biscayne and moved to
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511:. In 1565 his ship took refuge in Biscayne Bay from a storm. Relations were established with the Tequesta, and in 1567 a mission was established on the mainland across the bay from Key Biscayne. The mission was abandoned three years later in 1570. No other mission was established on the mainland until 1743, and that was withdrawn a few months later.
1198:. The county commissioner who negotiated the gift, Charles H. Crandon, had offered to have the county build a causeway to Key Biscayne in exchange for the land donation. As planning for the air and sea complex on Virginia Key was proceeding, construction on a causeway to Virginia Key started in 1941.
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community, employing 42 workers by 1915, and 60 later. It included housing for the workers and their families, packing houses, docks, a school, a big barn, windmills, and 15 miles (24 km) of (unpaved) roads. The plantation had 36,000 coconut trees, and a variety of other tropical fruits. In 1921
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The north base marker for Key
Biscayne was discovered in 1970 as workers were clearing land. It was at first mistaken as a gravestone for someone named A. D. Bache. The survey base marker at Cape Florida ended up under water, as the south end of the island eroded. It could be seen at low tide as late
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after leaving New Smyrna. They stayed in the city after the
Spanish regained Florida in 1783. Fornells received a Royal Grant for 175 acres (71 ha) on the southern end of Key Biscayne in 1805. The grant required Fornells to live on the island and establish cultivation within six months. He moved
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In
February 1926, William Matheson entered into an agreement with D. P. Davis, a land developer unrelated to Waters Davis, to develop and re-sell the northern half of Key Biscayne, including all of what is now Crandon Park and about half the present Village of Key Biscayne. Davis had experience with
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for Key
Biscayne. The first two lots of the new town were sold to Lt. Col. Harney for a total of US$ 1,000. There is no evidence that the post office ever opened; in 1842 the Postmaster General noted that the appointed postmaster had not completed any of the requirements for opening the post office.
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for the new Cape
Florida Light, a post he held until the lighthouse was burned in 1836. The family was also accompanied by two former slaves of Margaret's brother. The Dubose household grew during that time and was reported in 1833 to consist of "eleven whites and several negroes". During his tenure
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auctioned off some lots on Key
Biscayne that had been retained when the rest of the island was transferred to the State of Florida. The Mathesons wanted to have clear title to all of their land, and determined to outbid other interested parties for it. They ended up paying US$ 58,055 for a total of
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Waters Davis stipulated in his sale to
Deering that the Cape Florida lighthouse be restored. Deering wrote to the U.S. government seeking specifications and guidelines for the lighthouse. Government officials were taken aback by the request, wondering how a federal lighthouse could have passed into
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to Miami. Mary Ann and
William Davis had dreamed of building a city on Key Biscayne. Now their son Waters was a retired millionaire, and interested only in preserving Key Biscayne as a quiet retreat for his family. For a while Flagler's arrival did disturb their quiet, as Flagler brought in dredges
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estate in Miami. In 1914 Deering decided to develop his new land on the island as a tropical resort. He felt that Cape
Florida's "future lies in making sales for homes." To prepare, the land was cleared, with marshes and mangroves were filled in. Jetties were built on the ocean side, in the belief
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in 1885. Her son Waters Smith Davis began taking steps to assert the family title to the island. In 1887 he purchased the rights of the other Davis heirs and received a new deed in his name. He could not get a clear title, however. Venancio
Sanchez still claimed a half share of the Fornells Grant,
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and on to Key Largo. Áleman was expected to donate the right-of-way for a road running down the middle of the island to the first bridge at Cape Florida. With the prospect of a major highway passing through his property, Áleman rushed to prepare it for development: he had it completely cleared,
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killed off most of the Jamaican Tall coconut trees and many other varieties. The Matheson coconut plantation was at least twice as large as any other in the United States. By 1933, the world price for coconut products had dropped to about two-fifths of its 1925 level, and the plantation stopped
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crossed over Key Biscayne on its way to Miami. Although there were no deaths on the island, most of the buildings were destroyed or badly damaged. Many of the plantings were lost, including half of the coconut trees. The Mathesons rushed to restore their plantation, replanting and buying new
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In 1920, the heirs of Venancio Sanchez filed a lawsuit against James Deering, claiming an undivided half interest in his Cape Florida property. This brought development of the resort on Cape Florida to a halt. After many legal battles, the suit was finally decided in Deering's favor by the
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business, visited Biscayne Bay on his yacht. He soon built a winter home in Coconut Grove overlooking the bay. In 1908 Matheson began buying up the property on Key Biscayne north of the Davis holdings, all the way to Bear Cut, over 1,700 (about 690 hectares) acres. Matheson created a
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from Osborn and Field, and on the Harney lots, but was unable to settle with Sanchez. He finally received a patent from the United States government for his land in 1898. In 1903 Davis bought the abandoned Cape Florida lighthouse from the United States Treasury for US$ 400.
591:, and knew that Key Biscayne was a likely location for it. Mary and William sold three acres (about one-and-a-quarter hectares) of their newly acquired land at the southern tip of the island (Cape Florida) to the U.S. government for US$ 225. The federal government built the
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Starting in 1951, the Mackle Construction Company offered new homes on the island for US$ 9,540, with just US$ 500 down. A U.S. Post Office contract branch was opened, the Community Church started holding services, and the Key Biscayne Elementary School opened in 1952.
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charted Key Biscayne on his first mission to the New World in 1513. He christened the island Santa Marta and claimed it for the Spanish Crown. He reported that he found a fresh water spring on the island. Ponce de León called the bay behind the island (Biscayne Bay)
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to deepen the Cape Florida Channel and the approaches to the mouth of the Miami River, muddying the formerly clear waters of Biscayne Bay. Soon, however, a shorter route from the ocean to Miami was dredged through the southern end of what is now Miami Beach, at
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Key Biscayne is elongated in the north–south direction, tapering to a point at each end. It is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) long and 1 to 2 miles (1.6 to 3.2 km) wide. The northern end of the island is separated from another barrier island,
413:, approximately 200 by 100 yards (183 by 91 m) wide, lies between Key Biscayne and the Ragged Keys. The Cape Florida Channel, 10 to 11 feet (3.0 to 3.4 m) deep in 1849, and Bear Cut, 4 feet (1.2 m) deep in 1849, are the deepest natural
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In 1940, William Matheson's heirs donated 808.8 acres (327.3 ha) of land, including two miles (3.2 km) of beach on the Atlantic Ocean, on the northern end of Key Biscayne to Dade County to be used as a public park, later named
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private hands. An Act of Congress and two Executive Orders, in 1847 and 1897, had reserved the island for the federal lighthouse and for military purposes. Patient legal work eventually convinced the U.S. Congress and President
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into Biscayne Bay. They provided the only access for ocean-going vessels to Biscayne Bay until artificial channels were dredged starting early in the 20th century. In 1849 the island had a fine sandy beach on the east side, and
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plantation on Key Biscayne; six acres (two-and-a-half hectares) had been cleared and planted in pineapples in 1893–94. Davis also directed his caretaker to plant one-half to one acre (two-tenths to four-tenths of a hectare) of
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In 1966, Baggs brokered a deal between Elena Santeiro Garcia and the state of Florida, in which Florida bought the property for US$ 8.5 million, of which US$ 2.3 million came from the U.S. government. This land was named the
959:, and planting coconuts. Osborn and Field imported 300,000 unhusked coconuts from the Caribbean, of which 76,000 were planted on Key Biscayne. Most of the shoots from the coconuts on Key Biscayne were eaten by rats and
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Waters Davis decided to sell his Key Biscayne property in 1913 (he died the following year). He appointed Ralph Munroe to act as his broker. Although Matheson bid on the property, Munroe arranged a sale, for US$ 20,000, to
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in February 1839. In the summer of 1839, a total of 143 soldiers and sailors were stationed at Fort Russell. Some of the Seminoles captured during the war were held at Fort Russell until they could be placed on ships to be
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In 1824 Mary Ann Channer Davis, who had moved to St. Augustine with her husband in 1821, bought the Fornells claim to Key Biscayne from one of the Fornells' heirs for US$ 100. Mary and her husband William Davis, a deputy
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attacked and burned the Cape Florida lighthouse, severely wounding the assistant lighthouse keeper in charge; his black assistant died of wounds. The lighthouse was not repaired and put back into commission until 1847.
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equipment to replace what was lost. They soon had 30,000 coconut trees replanted on 900 acres (364 ha). D. P. Davis could not meet his contract; he declared bankruptcy and disappeared en route to Europe by ship.
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early Wednesday morning to retrieve a package of newspapers and magazines dropped for him in waterproof pouches by a passing steamship. Munroe was also one of the founding members of the Biscayne Bay Yacht Club.
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James Bankhead. The fort was initially known as Fort Dallas or Fort Bankhead, but it was eventually renamed Fort Russell for Captain Samuel L. Russell. He was killed when the Seminoles ambushed two boats on the
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incorporated with Key Biscayne, which was included in its boundaries. There were dreams of a bridge to the island, making Key Biscayne the seaside resort for Coral Gables, as Miami Beach had become for Miami.
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The Florida land boom was over, and no bridge was built and no development took place on Key Biscayne for the next two decades. William Matheson died in 1930, leaving the island to his children. In 1939, the
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and the entry of the United States into World War II stopped all work on the causeway and the development of Virginia Key. After the war, Crandon pushed on with the development project. He got financier
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after Chakaika, and killed him in his own camp. The war quieted down after that, with active pursuit of the Seminoles ending in 1842, although some of the Seminoles remained hidden in the Everglades.
792:. The Assistant United States Coast Surveyor reported that in the period from 1845 through 1849, almost one million (United States) dollars worth of vessels and cargoes were lost on the reef.
1019:, to which Davis sent his pineapples. Before mail service to the Miami area improved, Munroe would camp out on Key Biscayne every Tuesday evening so that he could sail out to the edge of the
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struck the island, damaging the lighthouse and the keeper's house, and putting the island under three feet of water, which killed almost all the plants that Dr. Perrine had sent from Mexico.
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rather than coconuts. Mature coconut trees were on Cape Florida by the 1830s, likely grown from coconuts sent from Mexico by Henry Perrine to the first lighthouse keeper, John Dubose.
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began to migrate into central and southern Florida. In the early 19th century, African-American slaves and Black Seminoles escaped to the Bahamas from Cape Florida to evade American
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for use as its headquarters. It was listed as the southernmost yacht club in the United States, and the tallest in the world. After the lease expired, the yacht club moved to
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to study it. The U.S. Coast Survey sent Agassiz to Key Biscayne in 1851. He wrote a detailed report for Bache on the reefs stretching from Key Biscayne to the Marquesas Keys.
362:, a fossilized ancient reef that is exposed in the upper and middle Florida Keys. Elsewhere, there is no hard bedrock near the surface of the island, only layers of weak
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A complication arose when Venancio Sanchez of St. Augustine purchased for US$ 400 a half share in the old Fornells grant from another surviving heir, who lived in
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two of the town lots had been sold to William Harney around 1840, and Osborne and Field had their deed from the Florida Internal Improvement Fund. Davis received
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found on the island indicate extensive use of it by the Tequesta. A large community appeared to inhabit the island between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago. In 1992
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721:. In light of these experiences, Harney instituted an intensive training program in swamp and jungle warfare for his men. After Chakaika led the raid on
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1273:, bought the Cape Florida property from the Deering estate. His offer to donate the lighthouse and ten acres (four hectares) of land around it to the
1007:, on land on the mainland in Coconut Grove that he bought from John Frow, keeper of the Cape Florida Light and Fowey Rocks Light. Munroe engaged in
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While the war against the Seminoles continued, Mary and William Davis made plans to develop a town on Key Biscayne. They had a town plan printed in
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575:. Although Key Biscayne was less suitable as a departure point after the lighthouse was built, the Bahamas remained a haven for escaping slaves.
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6.84 acres (2.77 ha) of land, a record price per acre for the auction of U.S. government land up to that date. On September 18, 1926, the
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In 1849 the United States Board of Engineers conducted a preliminary survey of the coast of Florida. In a report written by Lieutenant Colonel
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In the 1880s, Ezra Asher Osborn and Elnathan T. Field of New Jersey started an enterprise to develop the Florida coast from Key Biscayne to
967:). As a result of their efforts, in 1885 Osborn and Field were allowed to purchase Key Biscayne and other oceanfront land from the Florida
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his household to the island, but after six months, the family returned to St. Augustine, leaving a caretaker named Vincent on the island.
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Matheson introduced the Malay Dwarf coconut to the United States. This is now the most common variety of coconut found in Florida, after
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on Key Largo. The project envisioned bridges connecting artificial islands, to be built on the Safety Valve and existing small keys to
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The first known European settlers on Key Biscayne were Pedro Fornells, his family and household. Fornells and his wife Mariana were
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with men detailed from the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy. Approximately forty men were based at Cape Florida working on the survey when
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cultivation. The earliest mention of coconuts on Key Biscayne is a Spanish account from 1568, although the reference may be to
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as 1913. In 1988 the Cape Florida base marker was recovered from under water and installed near the Cape Florida lighthouse.
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Dade County began considering purchase of 50 acres (200,000 m) around the Cape Florida lighthouse for a park in 1964.
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In 1948, José Manuel Áleman, who had fled Cuba in the wake of scandals surrounding his service as education minister under
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to depths of 100 feet (30 m) or more. The coastal transport of sand southward ends at Key Biscayne. In the 1850s,
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398:, by Bear Cut. The southern end of the island is Cape Florida. The Cape Florida Channel separates the island from the
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736:. The island was touted as an ideal destination "for the recovery of the health". When Indian Key had been named the
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eluded capture, and a second in which Harney escaped in only his shirt and drawers from an early morning attack (the
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to buy six million (U.S.) dollars worth of bonds financing construction of the causeway. The causeway was named for
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personnel. In August 1840, the Army surgeon at the hospital treated 103 patients, including 23 for fever and 26 for
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sand is to be seen." (The beaches in the Florida Keys, by contrast, consist primarily of finely pulverized shells.)
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to oversee his Key Biscayne property. Munroe had begun visiting Biscayne Bay in 1877. He soon built a home, the
908:, the Cape Florida lighthouse was briefly made U.S. Signal Station Number Four. It was one of 36 along the U.S.
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In 1950, the Dade County Planning Board announced a plan to build a highway connecting Key Biscayne with the
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in March, 1849, the Board recommended that Key Biscayne be made a military reservation. Later that year, the
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402:, an expanse of shallow flats cut by tidal channels that extends southward about 9 miles (14 km) to the
318:, had lived on the lower east coast of Florida for a while after being shipwrecked. A 17th-century map shows
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was a cause for concern. Between the late 1840s and the late 1850s, more than 500 ships were wrecked on the
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874:. The lighthouse was repaired and re-lit again in 1866. In 1878 the Cape Florida Light was replaced by the
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in 1836, the county provided that the county court would meet annually on Key Biscayne. In late 1839 the
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along the coast from the north by coastal currents. The eastern edge of Key Biscayne is underlain by the
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as an air base and sea port. There was talk of putting an air base on the north end of Key Biscayne.
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The numerous ship wrecks that occurred along the southeast coast of Florida from Key Biscayne to the
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in 1839. Colonel Harney had two earlier encounters with Seminoles, the first a battle in which Chief
551:. In 1820, one traveler reported seeing 60 "Indians", 60 "runaway slaves", and 27 boats of Bahamian
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and a treaty with Spain, Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821. Under pressure from US settlers,
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tennis tournament was held at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne from 1987 until 2019 when it moved to
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on the west side. The average elevation of the island is less than five feet (1.5 m) above
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stopped rising, as the sand built up to form new barrier islands on the southern Florida coast.
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Tacachale: Essays on the Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia During the Historic Period
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inspected the property and recommended that it be preserved, although not with Federal funds.
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that they would protect the beaches from erosion. They have been found to aggravate erosion.
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appropriated $ 23,000 to rebuild the Cape Florida lighthouse and work was completed in 1847.
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John Dubose, his wife Margaret and their five children in 1825, when Dubose became the first
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turning submerged or partially submerged land into prime real estate, having created the
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A military post was established on Key Biscayne in March 1838. Its first commander was
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in northern Florida. Pedro and Mariana had joined other Menorcans in seeking refuge at
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tournament formerly held on the island and sometimes referred to as Key Biscayne, see
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This article is about the island. For the village on the island of the same name, see
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was constructed along the western (Biscayne Bay) side of the Cape Florida property.
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Mary Ann Davis, who had bought the Fornells grant on Key Biscayne in 1821, died in
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was incorporated in 1991, the first new municipality in the county in 30 years.
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allow a referendum on incorporating the community. The referendum passed and the
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in 1926. The decision came too late for Deering; he had died the previous year.
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park. The middle section of the island consists of the incorporated Village of
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as lighthouse keeper, Dubose received hundreds of plants and seeds from Dr.
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The first U.S. citizens to take up permanent residence on Key Biscayne were
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Fort Dallas was established across Biscayne Bay on the Miami River in 1837.
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to agree to recognize Matheson's and Deering's ownership of Key Biscayne.
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scoured much of the vegetation from the southern end of Key Biscayne. An
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Network to Freedom Trail, for the Black Seminoles who escaped to the
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survey of the exposed ground found evidence of extensive habitation.
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To learn more about the Great Florida Reef, Alexander Bache invited
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The next European known to have visited the Key Biscayne area was
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National Network to Freedom Trail sign commemorating hundreds of
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No further sales of town lots were made after Harney's purchase.
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and Davis Shores near St. Augustine. Later in 1926, the City of
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in the waters around Key Biscayne, built sailboats, worked as a
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on seagoing canoes and Bahamian boats, settling at Red Bays and
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militants sabotaged the lighthouse so that it could not guide
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preparing to leave Cape Florida. In a short period before the
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2313:"An Ecological Survey of Soldier Key, Biscayne Bay, Florida"
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In 1898, in response to the growing tension with Spain over
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The first known indigenous inhabitants of Key Biscayne were
2217:. Miami, Florida: Historical Association of South Florida.
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The residents of Key Biscayne successfully petitioned the
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on the Florida coast somewhere between St. Augustine and
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Leynes, Jennifer Brown; Cullison, David (January 1998).
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who escaped from Cape Florida in the early 1820s to the
2287:(1978). "The Last of the South Florida Aborigines". In
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along the Atlantic coast of Florida, and lies south of
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The Everglades Handbook: Understanding the Ecosystem
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for the Cape Florida Channel and opened a pineapple
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for a total of US$ 1.00 (20 cents per annum) to the
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Colonel Bankhead was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel
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visible through coconut trees between 1900 and 1915
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United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers
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1439:
1362:
637:Cape Florida Light § Attack on the lighthouse
623:, which he planted on the island. In 1835 a major
2234:"Biscayne National Park: Historic Resource Study"
1940:, Keys History – URL retrieved September 10, 2006
1466:
2770:
1827:Historical Marker for Cape Florida Survey Marker
822:of the Florida Keys and the Great Florida Reef.
273:The northern portion of Key Biscayne is home to
1221:, and founder and president of the Miami-based
674:A hospital was established at Fort Russell for
2231:
1421:
2368:
334:Key Biscayne, although named a "key", is not
2239:. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from
406:, at the northern end of the Florida Keys.
382:believe that the island emerged around 2000
2755:A list of cities under 10,000 is available
2382:
2375:
2361:
2283:
1580:
1529:"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"
771:
768:eventually was elected as governor there.
583:, probably were aware of plans to build a
354:, carried to the coast by rivers and then
63:
51:
2784:Atlantic Coast barrier islands of Florida
630:
250:, located between the Atlantic Ocean and
2307:
2096:
1489:sfn error: no target: CITEREF–Voss1955 (
1253:
1130:
1118:
1047:
951:by clearing native vegetation, leveling
775:
725:in August 1840, Harney set out into the
266:. The key is connected to Miami via the
1936:Life and Times of William John Matheson
1387:. National Park Service. Archived from
887:United States Secretary of the Treasury
818:station to serve as a datum base for a
14:
2771:
2097:Grossman, Hillard (February 2, 2022).
1044:Coconut plantation and would-be resort
2799:Islands of Miami-Dade County, Florida
2794:History of Miami-Dade County, Florida
2789:Beaches of Miami-Dade County, Florida
2356:
2258:
2187:
2170:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1839:Cape Florida Survey Marker photograph
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1751:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1667:
1655:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1568:
1556:
1515:
1503:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1433:
1409:
1371:
936:Key Biscayne was first developed for
2212:
1679:
559:was built in 1825, an estimated 300
530:
121:
88:
2215:The Miami River and its Tributaries
1521:
563:found passage from Key Biscayne to
57:Aerial view of Key Biscayne in 1999
24:
1322:Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park
1250:Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park
1063:, who had made his fortune in the
287:Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park
25:
2820:
1244:Cape Florida becomes a state park
1114:
2340:
1127:in Key Biscayne in February 2008
746:United States Postmaster General
472:
254:. It is the southernmost of the
134:Key Biscayne (the United States)
120:
113:
87:
80:
27:Island in Florida, United States
2090:
1928:
1832:
1820:
1342:
1186:approved a proposal to develop
999:In the late 1890s, Davis hired
969:Internal Improvement Trust Fund
867:sailors during the blockade of
304:related that a sailor from the
302:Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda
2180:
1377:
931:
504:, a variant form of Tequesta.
13:
1:
2099:"Key Biscayne First 30 Years"
780:U.S. Coast Survey Base Marker
137:Show map of the United States
1535:. 2011-02-12. Archived from
1355:
836:survey was conducted by the
329:
270:, originally built in 1947.
7:
2301:University Press of Florida
1533:United States Census Bureau
1109:United States Supreme Court
971:for 70 cents an acre.
717:) on his camp led by Chief
433:Key Biscayne is located at
10:
2825:
2318:Bulletin of Marine Science
1422:Leynes & Cullison 1998
1247:
1033:Florida East Coast Railway
838:United States Coast Survey
684:United States Marine Corps
634:
467:
248:Miami-Dade County, Florida
246:) is an island located in
156:Miami-Dade County, Florida
29:
2753:
2680:
2502:
2444:
2426:
2400:
2390:
2311:; Voss, Nancy A. (1955).
2259:Lodge, Thomas E. (2010).
2188:Blank, Joan Gill (1996).
1289:leveled and filled in. A
464:(25.690329, -80.165118).
322:, the probable origin of
228:
223:
215:
211:1.5 mi (2.4 km)
207:
199:
162:
151:
146:
74:
62:
50:
2213:Gaby, Donald C. (1993).
1877:, pp. 100–101, 107.
1335:
509:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
2384:Miami metropolitan area
1311:U.S. Interior Secretary
1238:Village of Key Biscayne
1088:International Harvester
891:Biscayne Bay Yacht Club
883:Cape Florida lighthouse
881:From 1888 to 1893, the
772:Surveys and lighthouses
593:Cape Florida lighthouse
557:Cape Florida lighthouse
296:
184:25.690329°N 80.165118°W
2285:Sturtevant, William C.
1266:
1234:Dade County Commission
1203:Attack on Pearl Harbor
1148:
1128:
1090:heir and owner of the
1056:
1029:Henry Morrison Flagler
897:, where it continues.
842:Alexander Dallas Bache
810:set up a camp with an
781:
740:for the newly created
631:War with the Seminoles
595:on that land in 1825.
291:Biscayne National Park
243:
219:5 ft (1.5 m)
216:Highest elevation
2779:Key Biscayne, Florida
1793:, pp. 81–85, 96.
1506:, pp. 26, 63–68.
1275:National Park Service
1271:Ramón Grau San Martín
1257:
1175:Great Miami Hurricane
1134:
1122:
1061:William John Matheson
1051:
779:
698:, gunshot wounds and
452:25.69028°N 80.16500°W
352:Appalachian Mountains
268:Rickenbacker Causeway
203:5 mi (8 km)
189:25.690329; -80.165118
32:Key Biscayne, Florida
18:Key Biscayne (island)
1889:, pp. 103–106..
1841:retrieved 2009-07-28
1829:retrieved 2009-07-28
1326:Underground Railroad
965:Sylvilagus palustris
953:Indian midden mounds
906:Spanish–American War
641:In 1836, during the
481:. Shells, bones and
370:noted that "outh of
2303:. pp. 141–162.
2289:Milanich, Jerald T.
2161:, pp. 170–171.
2149:, pp. 168–170.
2137:, pp. 167–168.
2087:, pp. 160–162.
2075:, pp. 159–160.
2012:, pp. 154–155.
2000:, pp. 153–154.
1988:, pp. 151–152.
1976:, pp. 147–150.
1964:, pp. 144–147.
1925:, pp. 116–122.
1913:, pp. 108–109.
1805:, pp. 112–113.
1583:, pp. 141–149.
904:, which led to the
643:Second Seminole War
457:25.69028; -80.16500
448: /
360:Key Largo Limestone
180: /
104:Show map of Florida
69:Map of Key Biscayne
47:
40:Miami Open (tennis)
2809:Islands of Florida
2804:Beaches of Florida
2637:Palm Beach Gardens
2265:(Third ed.).
1385:"The Emerald Keys"
1277:was not accepted.
1267:
1212:Eddie Rickenbacker
1149:
1129:
1057:
885:was leased by the
782:
764:. Their older son
680:United States Navy
676:United States Army
537:First Seminole War
497:Juan Ponce de León
320:Cayo de Biscainhos
45:
2764:
2763:
2735:Sunny Isles Beach
2627:North Miami Beach
2276:978-1-4398-0264-9
2246:on April 14, 2013
2224:978-0-935761-04-7
2205:978-1-56164-096-6
1901:, pp. 96–99.
1865:, pp. 87–92.
1817:, pp. 61–66.
1781:, pp. 85–86.
1769:, pp. 63–65.
1730:, pp. 52–58.
1718:, pp. 44–49.
1643:, pp. 28–32.
1619:, pp. 23–27.
1607:, pp. 42–43.
1595:, pp. 17–22.
1485:– & Voss 1955
1223:Eastern Air Lines
1141:Hard Rock Stadium
876:Fowey Rocks Light
852:from the Keys to
707:William S. Harney
531:Territorial years
520:New Smyrna colony
518:survivors of the
386:, soon after the
346:composed of sand
262:and southeast of
237:
236:
16:(Redirected from
2816:
2700:Lighthouse Point
2681:Cities and towns
2617:North Lauderdale
2597:Lauderdale Lakes
2577:Hallandale Beach
2503:Cities and towns
2445:Cities and towns
2377:
2370:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2326:
2309:Voss, Gilbert L.
2304:
2280:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2245:
2238:
2228:
2209:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1349:
1346:
1282:Overseas Highway
1075:lethal yellowing
987:Davis started a
976:Galveston, Texas
669:Indian Territory
611:, United States
487:Hurricane Andrew
463:
462:
460:
459:
458:
453:
449:
446:
445:
444:
441:
195:
194:
192:
191:
190:
185:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
138:
124:
123:
117:
105:
91:
90:
84:
67:
55:
48:
44:
21:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2749:
2695:Hialeah Gardens
2682:
2676:
2557:Deerfield Beach
2504:
2498:
2494:West Palm Beach
2459:Fort Lauderdale
2446:
2440:
2428:
2422:
2396:
2386:
2381:
2351:
2339:
2331:
2329:
2293:Proctor, Samuel
2277:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2225:
2206:
2196:Pineapple Press
2183:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1581:Sturtevant 1978
1579:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1559:, pp. 5–6.
1555:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1424:, pp. 7–8.
1420:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1260:Black Seminoles
1252:
1246:
1170:U.S. government
1117:
1046:
934:
774:
766:Edmund J. Davis
715:Harney Massacre
639:
633:
561:Black Seminoles
549:slaver catchers
545:Black Seminoles
533:
475:
470:
456:
454:
450:
447:
442:
439:
437:
435:
434:
332:
299:
256:barrier islands
233:
188:
186:
182:
179:
174:
171:
169:
167:
166:
142:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
129:
125:
108:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:
92:
70:
58:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Pembroke Pines
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2328:
2327:
2305:
2281:
2275:
2256:
2229:
2223:
2210:
2204:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:, p. 171.
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2125:, p. 166.
2115:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2063:, p. 158.
2053:
2051:, p. 156.
2041:
2039:, p. 157.
2029:
2027:, p. 155.
2014:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1952:, p. 145.
1942:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1520:
1518:, p. 172.
1508:
1496:
1487:, p. 204.
1477:
1465:
1453:
1438:
1436:, p. 150.
1426:
1414:
1412:, p. 174.
1402:
1391:on 1 June 2008
1376:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1306:The Miami News
1248:Main article:
1245:
1242:
1116:
1115:1920s to 1950s
1113:
1101:Woodrow Wilson
1045:
1042:
1038:Government Cut
933:
930:
846:Marquesas Keys
773:
770:
632:
629:
535:Following the
532:
529:
491:archaeological
474:
471:
469:
466:
344:barrier island
331:
328:
298:
295:
289:, adjacent to
235:
234:
229:
226:
225:
224:Administration
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
164:
160:
159:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
133:
127:
126:
119:
118:
112:
111:
110:
109:
100:
94:
93:
86:
85:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
60:
59:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2821:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2767:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Miami Springs
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2672:Wilton Manors
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2647:Riviera Beach
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:Coconut Creek
2525:
2523:
2522:Boynton Beach
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2489:Pompano Beach
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Miami Gardens
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Coral Springs
2452:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2392:Population -
2389:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2325:(3): 203–229.
2324:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2242:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2108:September 11,
2104:
2103:Islander News
2100:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1853:, p. 87.
1852:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1754:, p. 61.
1753:
1748:
1742:, p. 63.
1741:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1706:, p. 47.
1705:
1700:
1694:, p. 46.
1693:
1688:
1682:, p. 33.
1681:
1676:
1670:, p. 60.
1669:
1664:
1658:, p. 49.
1657:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1631:, p. 37.
1630:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1539:on 2002-05-27
1538:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1486:
1481:
1474:
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1463:, p. 36.
1462:
1457:
1451:, p. 75.
1450:
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1411:
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1374:, p. 13.
1373:
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1314:Stewart Udall
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1154:Davis Islands
1146:
1145:Miami Gardens
1142:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1123:The beach at
1121:
1112:
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1104:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1092:Villa Vizcaya
1089:
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1084:James Deering
1079:
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961:marsh rabbits
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895:Coconut Grove
892:
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855:
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839:
835:
834:triangulation
830:
828:
827:Louis Agassiz
823:
821:
817:
813:
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804:Robert E. Lee
800:
798:
797:U.S. Congress
795:In 1846, the
793:
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609:Henry Perrine
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573:Nicholls Town
570:
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565:Andros Island
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524:St. Augustine
521:
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473:Early history
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368:Louis Agassiz
365:
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308:, called the
307:
306:Bay of Biscay
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244:Cayo Vizcaíno
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41:
37:
33:
19:
2766:
2745:Palm Springs
2632:Oakland Park
2562:Delray Beach
2537:Coral Gables
2429:441 thousand
2393:
2322:
2316:
2296:
2261:
2248:. Retrieved
2241:the original
2214:
2191:Key Biscayne
2190:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2102:
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2044:
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2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
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1935:
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1663:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1571:, p. 9.
1564:
1552:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:the original
1523:
1511:
1499:
1480:
1475:, p. 3.
1468:
1456:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:the original
1379:
1344:
1318:
1304:
1303:, editor of
1298:
1295:
1279:
1268:
1231:
1227:
1200:
1196:Crandon Park
1192:
1188:Virginia Key
1180:
1167:
1162:Coral Gables
1150:
1125:Crandon Park
1105:
1097:
1080:
1058:
1053:Biscayne Bay
1031:brought the
1026:
1001:Ralph Munroe
998:
986:
973:
964:
946:
935:
926:
899:
880:
858:
831:
824:
812:astronomical
801:
794:
790:Florida Reef
786:Dry Tortugas
783:
755:
734:Philadelphia
731:
704:
696:tuberculosis
673:
652:
640:
597:
581:U.S. Marshal
577:
534:
513:
506:
501:
495:
476:
432:
408:
400:Safety Valve
396:Virginia Key
392:
372:Cape Florida
340:Florida Keys
338:part of the
336:geologically
333:
324:Key Biscayne
323:
319:
313:
309:
300:
283:Key Biscayne
275:Crandon Park
272:
252:Biscayne Bay
240:Key Biscayne
239:
238:
230:
128:Key Biscayne
101:Key Biscayne
95:Key Biscayne
46:Key Biscayne
2730:South Miami
2705:Miami Lakes
2690:Belle Glade
2622:North Miami
2612:Miami Beach
2547:Dania Beach
2532:Cooper City
2181:Works cited
1395:13 December
1286:Elliott Key
1216:World War I
1065:aniline dye
1021:Gulf Stream
932:Development
869:Confederate
861:Confederate
850:Florida Bay
750:post office
748:approved a
742:Dade County
660:Miami River
455: /
411:Soldier Key
404:Ragged Keys
376:silicacious
342:, but is a
260:Miami Beach
187: /
163:Coordinates
2773:Categories
2740:Sweetwater
2720:Palm Beach
2642:Plantation
2602:Lauderhill
2592:Lake Worth
2572:Greenacres
2542:Cutler Bay
2517:Boca Raton
2427:Major city
2418:Palm Beach
2408:Miami-Dade
2171:Blank 1996
2159:Blank 1996
2147:Blank 1996
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1543:2011-04-23
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1449:Blank 1996
1434:Blank 1996
1410:Lodge 2010
1372:Blank 1996
1301:Bill Baggs
1219:flying ace
1137:Miami Open
1078:shipping.
1070:plantation
981:quitclaims
955:and beach
914:Gulf Coast
910:East Coast
854:Cape Sable
727:Everglades
723:Indian Key
700:alcoholism
635:See also:
585:lighthouse
502:Chequescha
440:25°41′25″N
380:Geologists
242:(Spanish:
175:80°09′54″W
172:25°41′25″N
34:. For the
2715:Opa-locka
2662:West Park
2582:Homestead
2469:Hollywood
2447:100k-250k
2394:6,012,331
2267:CRC Press
1680:Gaby 1993
1356:Citations
1184:U.S. Navy
1059:In 1902,
1027:In 1896,
989:pineapple
942:cocoplums
859:In 1861,
688:dysentery
647:Seminoles
625:hurricane
483:artifacts
479:Tequestas
443:80°9′54″W
428:sea level
420:mangroves
388:sea level
364:sandstone
350:from the
330:Geography
147:Geography
2725:Parkland
2512:Aventura
2401:Counties
2295:(eds.).
2250:April 9,
1009:wrecking
1005:Barnacle
816:magnetic
719:Chakaika
655:Lt. Col.
617:Campeche
589:Key West
553:wreckers
541:Seminole
516:Menorcan
415:channels
374:no more
315:Biscayno
310:Viscayno
152:Location
2683:10k-25k
2657:Tamarac
2652:Sunrise
2607:Margate
2587:Jupiter
2505:25k-99k
2479:Miramar
2464:Hialeah
2413:Broward
2347:Islands
1330:Bahamas
1291:seawall
1264:Bahamas
1208:Ed Ball
1017:cannery
994:bananas
949:Jupiter
938:coconut
872:Florida
711:Arpeika
692:malaria
665:removed
600:Captain
569:Bahamas
567:in the
468:History
424:lagoons
2667:Weston
2333:Portal
2273:
2221:
2202:
1938:, p. 3
1086:, the
848:, and
820:survey
758:Havana
682:, and
621:Mexico
613:Consul
604:keeper
348:eroded
279:county
200:Length
158:, U.S.
36:tennis
2567:Doral
2552:Davie
2436:Miami
2244:(PDF)
2237:(PDF)
1336:Notes
1158:Tampa
1013:pilot
957:dunes
922:Texas
918:Maine
916:from
865:Union
762:Texas
409:Only
356:moved
264:Miami
208:Width
2757:here
2271:ISBN
2252:2019
2219:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2110:2024
1491:help
1397:2014
1214:, a
1201:The
1135:The
912:and
902:Cuba
832:The
738:seat
543:and
422:and
297:Name
277:, a
1156:in
1143:in
920:to
667:to
615:in
384:BCE
312:or
2775::
2321:.
2315:.
2299:.
2291:;
2269:.
2198:.
2194:.
2101:.
2017:^
1759:^
1648:^
1531:.
1441:^
1364:^
1332:.
1225:.
856:.
702:.
694:,
678:,
671:.
645:,
619:,
430:.
326:.
2759:.
2376:e
2369:t
2362:v
2335::
2323:5
2279:.
2254:.
2227:.
2208:.
2112:.
1546:.
1493:)
1399:.
1147:.
963:(
814:/
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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