Kenzō Tange - Knowledge

985: 719: 1014:, which opened in 1991, Tange designed a large civic centre with a plaza dominated by two skyscrapers. These house the administration offices whilst a smaller seven-storey building contains assembly facilities. In his design of a high tech version of Kofu Communications Centre, Tange equipped all three buildings with state-of-the-art building management systems that monitored air quality, light levels and security. The external skin of the building makes dual references to both tradition and the modern condition. Tange incorporated vertical and horizontal lines reminiscent of both timber boarding and the lines on semiconductor boards. 452: 578: 689: 850:, England, to which Tange was invited, the Athens Charter came under debate by younger members of the group (including Tange) who found the Charter too vague in relation to city expansion. The "Athens Charter" promoted the idea that a city gains character from its continual changes over many years; this notion was written before the advent of mass bombings and the Second World War and therefore held little meaning for Tange who had evidenced the destruction of Hiroshima. The discussions at Hoddesdon sowed discontent within CIAM that eventually contributed to its breakup after their 395: 627: 444: 496: 934:

from a civic centre, Tange's proposal was based on civic axis, developing the city in a linear fashion. Three levels of traffic, graded according to speed, would facilitate the movement of up to 2.5 million people along the axis, which would be divided into vertebrae-like cyclical transportation elements. The sheer size of the proposal meant that it would stretch out across the water of Tokyo Bay. Tange's proposals at this conference play a large part in establishing his reputation as "The West's favourite Japanese architect".

1050: 773: 890: 812: 199: 976:, Gropius had placed great importance on teaching architects, especially imparting on them the concept of working together as a team. The Urbanists and Architects Team was founded in 1961 and became Kenzō Tange Associates. Tange promoted a very flat hierarchy in the practice: partners were equal in importance and were encouraged to participate in every project. Multiple options were developed simultaneously, and research on individual schemes was encouraged. 956:. It was designed for three media companies: a newspaper printing plant, a radio station and a television studio. To allow for future expansion Tange grouped the similar functions of three offices together in three zones. The newspaper printing machinery was on the ground floor, sealed studios on the upper floors and offices on glass walled floors surrounded by balconies. The services, including stairs and lifts, are housed in 16 44: 539: 673:

net onto which steel plates are attached. The bottom anchoring of this steel net is a heavy concrete support system which forms a distinct curve on the interior and exterior of the building. In the interior, this structural anchor is used to support the grandstand seats. The overall curvature of the roof helps protect the building from the damaging effects of strong winds.

902:. Both this scheme and the earlier ones by Kikutake formed the basis of Tange's speech to the Tokyo World Design Conference in 1960. In his speech he used words such as "cell" and "metabolism" in relation to urban design. The Metabolist movement grew out of discussions with other members of the conference. Amongst them were 842:(CIAM). Founded in 1928, this organization of planners and architects had initially promoted architecture in economic and social context, but at its fourth meeting in 1933 (under the direction of Le Corbusier) it debated the notion of the "Functional City". This led to a series of proposals on urban planning known as " 419:, that point directly below the explosion of the atomic bomb. In 1949 the authorities enacted the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Reconstruction Act, which gave the city access to special grant aid, and in August 1949, an international competition was announced for the design of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. 1064:

with their plug-in mega structures. The Metabolist movement gave momentum to Kikutake's career. Although his Marine City proposals (submitted by Tange at CIAM) were not realised, his Miyakonojo City Hall (1966) was a more Metabolist example of Tange's own Nichinan Cultural Centre (1962). Although the

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Tadao Ando, one of Japan's greatest living architects, likes to tell the story of the stray dog, a stately akita, that wandered into his studio in Osaka some 20 years ago, and decided to stay. "First, I thought I would call her Kenzo Tange; but then I realised I couldn't kick Kenzo Tange around. So I

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Tange argued that the normal urban pattern of a radial centripetal transportation system was a relic of the Middle Ages and would not handle the strain placed upon it by the world's mega cities, which he qualified as those with populations greater than 10 million. Rather than building up a city

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Set in an open square, the building sits on massive columns that taper inwards as they rise. The elevation consists of horizontal planks (some of which are omitted to create windows) which overlap at the corners in a "log cabin" effect. The entrance is covered with a heavy projecting concrete canopy

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was dominated by adjoining utility buildings, which were linked to it by high-level walkways. Tange refined this concept to place the museum prominently at the centre, separate from the utility buildings (only one of which was subsequently designed by him). In addition to architectural symbolism, he

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in a foreign art journal convinced him to become an architect. Although he graduated from high school, Tange's poor results in mathematics and physics meant that he had to pass entrance exams to qualify for admission to the prestigious universities. He spent two years doing so and during that time,

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Tange had left the Team X Otterlo conference early to take up a tenure at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His experiences at the conference may have led him to set his fifth year students a project to design a 25-thousand-person residential community to be erected in Boston over the bay. The

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on his return. When the Second World War started, he left Maekawa to rejoin the University of Tokyo as a postgraduate student. He developed an interest in urban design, and referencing only the resources available in the university library, he embarked on a study of Greek and Roman marketplaces. In

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The gymnasium has a capacity of approximately 16,000 and the smaller building can accommodate up to 5,300 depending on the events that are taking place. At the time it was built, the gymnasium had the world's largest suspended roof span. Two reinforced concrete pillars support a pre-stressed steel

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concrete finishes in a raw and undecorated way combined with his civic projects such as the redevelopment of Tokyo Bay made him a great influence on British architects during the 1960s. Brutalist architecture has been criticised for being soulless and for promoting the exclusive use of a material

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following a major earthquake was won by Tange's architecture team in 1965. The project was significant because of its international influence, however for Tange it was model case for urban reconstruction to realise modern architecture principles. It is the first time that a Japanese architect was

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At the centre of the Expo was the Festival Plaza. Tange conceived that this plaza (with its oversailing space frame roof) would connect the display spaces and create a setting for a "festival". The plaza divided the site into a northern zone for pavilions and a southern zone for administration

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Tange's own home, designed in 1951 and completed in 1953, uses a similar skeleton structure raised off the ground as the Hiroshima Peace Museum; however, it is fused with a more traditional Japanese design that uses timber and paper. The house is based on the traditional Japanese module of the

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The museum is constructed from bare reinforced concrete. The primary museum floor is lifted six metres above the ground on huge piloti and is accessible via a free-standing staircase. The rhythmical facade comprises vertical elements that repeat outwards from the centre. Like the exterior, the

650:, which were the first Olympics held in Asia. Tange began his designs in 1961 and the plans were approved by the Ministry of Education in January 1963. The buildings were placed to optimize space available for parking and to permit the smoothest transition of incoming and outgoing people. 233:, and designed major buildings on five continents. His career spanned the entire second half of the twentieth century, producing numerous distinctive buildings in Tokyo, other Japanese cities and cities around the world, as well as ambitious physical plans for Tokyo and its environments. 535:. The columns on the elevation bore only vertical loads so Tange was able to design them to be thin, maximising the surfaces for glazing. Although the hall has been called one of his finest projects, it drew criticism at the time of its construction for relying too heavily on tradition. 617:

is located in the Sekiguchi neighborhood of Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan The original wooden structure, constructed in 1899 in the Gothic style, was destroyed during the air raids on Tokyo during World War II. The present church, designed by Kenzo Tange, was inaugurated in December, 1964.

825:, a Japanese language newspaper founded in 1912. The brutalist building was one of only two buildings Tange designed for construction in the United States. The building features two structures connected by an open air courtyard with tropical plants, and a rooftop parking lot. 402:

Tange's interest in urban studies put him in a good position to handle post war reconstruction. In the summer of 1946 he was invited by the War Damage Rehabilitation Board to put forward a proposal for certain war damaged cities. He submitted plans for Hiroshima and

669:(both structures were completed in 1958). The roof of the Philips Pavilion was created by complex hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces stretched between cables. In both cases Tange took Western ideas and adapted them to meet Japanese requirements. 598:

which leads to a monumental entrance hall. The stair to this hall ascends in cantilevered straight flights to the left and right. The walls to this interior are bare shuttered concrete punctured by windows reminiscent of Le Corbusier's

279:; he and his family returned to Japan after learning of the death of one of his uncles. In contrast to the green lawns and red bricks in their Shanghai abode, the Tange family took up residence in a thatched roof farmhouse in 792:

were put aside for its use. Tange and Uzo Nishiyama were appointed as planners for the masterplan by the Theme Committee. Tange assembled a group of twelve architects to design the infrastructure and facilities for the Expo.

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was designed in 1958 and completed in 1960. When it was constructed it was situated on the edge of the old town centre connecting it with the newer areas of the town. Kurashiki is better known as a tourist spot for its old

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The Hiroshima authorities took advice about the city's reconstruction from foreign consultants, and in 1947 Tam Deling, an American park planner, suggested they build a Peace Memorial and preserve buildings situated near

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Tange's son Paul Noritaka Tange graduated from Harvard University in 1985 and went on to join Kenzō Tange Associates. He became the president of Kenzo Tange Associates in 1997 before founding Tange Associates in 2002.

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sliding doors. The facade is designed with a rhythmic pattern; it comprises two types of facade designs ("a" and "b") that are ordered laterally in an a-b-a-a-b-a arrangement. The house is topped with a two-tier roof.

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Work on the Peace Center commenced in 1950. In addition to the axial nature of the design, the layout is similar to Tange's early competition arrangement for the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Memorial Hall.

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Tange converted to Christianity, taking the name Joseph, the husband of Mary mother of Christ, some time before his death. He continued to practice until three years before his death in 2005. He disliked

511:. Normally the reconstruction process was a very closed affair but this time the ceremony was opened to architects and journalists to document the event. The ceremony coincided with the end of the 854:

meeting in 1956; the younger members of CIAM formed a splinter group known as Team X, which Tange later joined. Tange presented various designs to Team X in their meetings. At a 1959 meeting in

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1942, Tange entered a competition for the design of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Memorial Hall. He was awarded first prize for a design that would have been situated at the base of

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In 1946, Tange became an assistant professor at the university and opened Tange Laboratory. In 1963, he was promoted to professor of the Department of Urban Engineering. His students included

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that are of five-metre (17 ft) diameter. Space was left between the cluster of functional space to allow for future expansion, although these have been used for gardens and terraces.

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Osaka Expo had marked a decline in the Metabolist movement, it resulted in a "handing over" of the reigns to a younger generation of architects such as Kazuo Shinohara and Arata Isozaki.

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Tange's first placing in the design competition for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park gained him recognition from Kunio Maekawa. The elder architect invited Tange to attend the

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The Peace Plaza is the backdrop for the museum. The plaza was designed to allow 50 thousand people to gather around the peace monument in the centre. Tange also designed the

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The Kagawa Prefectural Government Hall on the island of Shikoku was completed in 1958. Its expressive construction could be likened to the Daibutsu style seen at the

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interior is finished with rough concrete; the idea was to keep the surfaces plain so that nothing could distract the visitor from the contents of the exhibits.

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in the 1980s and considered this style of architecture to be only "transitional architectural expressions". His funeral was held in one of his works, the

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that sat on Kishida's desk, his work was inspired by Le Corbusier. His graduation project was a seventeen-hectare (42-acre) development set in Tokyo's

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During the 1970s and 1980s Tange expanded his portfolio to include buildings in over 20 countries around the world. In 1985, at the behest of

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explained that, at the age of ten, he was inspired to become an architect after seeing Tange's Olympic arenas, which were constructed in 1964.

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scheme comprised two giant A-frame structures that resembled Tange's competition entry for the World Health Organisation's headquarters on

2711: 2706: 2701: 507:. The shrine is rebuilt every 20 years, and in 1953, it marked the 59th iteration of this tradition, which began in 690 by the order of 2421: 742: 519:, he likened the building to a modernist structure: an honest expression of materials, a functional design and prefabricated elements. 613:(in Japanese: 東京カテドラル聖マリア大聖堂, romanized: Tōkyō katedoraru sei Maria daiseidō) is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tokyo. 2741: 952:

Tange further developed his ideas for expandable urban forms in 1966 when he designed the Yamanashi Broadcasting and Press Centre in

757: 946: 1236: 314:'s architecture department. He studied under Hideto Kishida and Shozo Uchida. Although Tange was fascinated by the photographs of 1828: 753: 1505: 2226: 1011: 602:. The Council Chamber is a separate building whose raked roof has seating on top of it to form an external performance space. 2102: 1108: 988: 781: 468:

thought it important for the design to centre around the building that houses the information about the atomic explosion.

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In 1953, Tange and architectural journalist and critic Noboru Kawazoe were invited to attend the reconstruction of the

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mat, with the largest rooms designed to have flexibility so that they can be separated into three smaller rooms by

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and it seemed to symbolise a new start in Japanese architecture. In 1965 when Tange and Kawazoe published the book

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for the design; the citation described the gymnasium as "among the most beautiful buildings of the 20th century".

930:. The conference ended with Tange's presentation of the Boston plan and his own scheme, "The Tokyo Plan – 1960". 464: 422:

Tange was awarded first prize for a design that proposed a museum whose axis runs through the park, intersecting

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is remarkably similar in its design, although it is built with steel and has a simpler rhythm in its facade.

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When Tange travelled back to Japan from the 1951 CIAM meeting, he visited Le Corbusier's nearly complete

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in Rome, the roofs have a skin suspended from two masts. The buildings were inspired by Le Corbusier's

2208:. Gift of Mrs. Takako Tange, 2011. Frances Loeb Library, Harvard University Graduate School of Design. 718: 307:'s art department to dodge Japan's drafting of young men to its military and seldom attended classes. 251:

Tange handled urban redevelopment projects after World War II. His ideas were explored in designs for

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Ise shirine in 1953: the new building (above) is an exact copy of the old one built 20 years earlier.

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in 1930 to attend high school. It was here that he first encountered the works of Swiss modernist,

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After graduating from the university, Tange started to work as an architect at the office of

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he read extensively about western philosophy. Tange also enrolled in the film division at

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The Making of a Modern Japanese Architecture: From the Founders to Shinohara and Isozaki

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invited by an international body to participate in an urban development of this scale.

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Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum showing axis with cenotaph and A-bomb dome (1955)

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in Marseilles, France. He also looked at the sketches for the new capital of

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The modular expansion of Tange's Metabolist visions had some influence on

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who he had first met at the CIAM meeting in 1951. While lecturing at the

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The Carpenter and the Architect: A history of wood construction in Japan

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Diefendorf, Jeffry M; Hein, Carola; Yorifusa, Ishida, eds. (2003).

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Maekawa Kunio and the Emergence of Japanese Modernist Architecture

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In an interview with Jeremy Melvin at the Royal Academy of Arts,

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that is poor at withstanding long exposures to natural weather.

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facilities. The zones were interconnected with moving pathways.

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Tange's inspiration for his design office came from his friend

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Jacquet, Benoit; Matsuzaki, Teruaki; Tardits, Manuel (2021).

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was accepted and built, but a seaside park in Ujina was not.

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and the atomic bomb dome. The building is raised on massive

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Age of the Masters: A Personal View of Modern Architecture

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that would interconnect the city along an east-west axis.

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Hawaii Hochi (newspaper) Building in Honolulu Hawaii, 1975

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Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class

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French Academy of Architecture Grand Medal of Gold (1973)

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Kurashiki City Hall, now used as the Kurashiki Art Museum

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to enter a limited competition for the redevelopment of

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Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, view along axis (1955)

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In 1935 Tange began the tertiary studies he desired at

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741:, Pakistan. Completed in 1993, it is flanked by the 713: 522: 1409: 1213: 1211: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1783:(Interview). Interviewed by Jeremy Melvin. London: 1677: 1325: 430:, which frame the view along the structure's axis. 2048: 1304: 1981:The Architecture of Paris: An Architectural Guide 1512:. Supreme Court of Pakistan press. Archived from 1208: 1194: 225:was a Japanese architect, and winner of the 1987 2658: 963: 885:Tokyo World Design Conference and urban planning 1983:. London, United Kingdom: Edition Axel Menges. 1471: 1343:Diedfendorf, Hein & Yorifusa (2003), p. 197 730:is the official and principal workplace of the 701:The reconstruction plan of the capital city of 218: 2692:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) 2055:. London, United Kingdom: Calmann & King. 1960:Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D. (2004). 1301:Diedfendorf, Hein & Yorifusa (2003), p. 98 1292:Diedfendorf, Hein & Yorifusa (2003), p. 95 893:Yamanashi Broadcasting and Press Centre (1966) 455:Cenotaph, Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, Japan 290:After finishing middle school, Tange moved to 212: 2227: 1959: 846:". By the 1951 CIAM meeting that was held in 2005:(Revised ed.). London, United Kingdom: 1953: 1462: 840:Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne 834:Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne 438: 236:Tange was also an influential patron of the 2116:. London, United Kingdom: Pall Mall Press. 1962:Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement 1778: 1079:, Tange was a prime exemplar of the use of 661:designed for Brussels' World Fair, and the 2234: 2220: 2111: 1503: 1438:"Announcement: Kenzo Tange, 1987 Laureate" 819:Started in 1972 and completed in 1975 for 756:, the complex was engineered and built by 749:and the Parliament Building to the north. 389: 334:. During his employment, he travelled to 42: 1964:. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 172. 1888:Almanac of Architecture & Design 2006 1809: 342:for a bank, and toured Japanese-occupied 2130: 2069: 1048: 983: 947:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 888: 810: 800: 771: 767: 717: 687: 625: 576: 537: 494: 450: 442: 393: 351:; the hall he conceived was a fusion of 2153: 2046: 1829:Manhattan Institute for Policy Research 1688: 1465:Kenzo Tange and the Metabolist Movement 1237:"Biography: Kenzo Tange, 1987 Laureate" 1229: 1149: 862:; this project became the basis of the 828: 621: 605: 572: 517:Ise: Prototype of Japanese Architecture 298:. His discovery of the drawings of the 14: 2659: 2177:"Docomomo Japan: The 100 Selections". 2072:Modern Architecture a Critical History 1997: 1863:"International Luxury Lifestyle Forum" 1054:St. Mary's Cathedral (Tokyo Cathedral) 1012:Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building 157:1961 The Urbanists and Architects Team 2215: 1978: 1931:Biography: Kenzo Tange: 1987 Laureate 1175: 782:Bureau International des Expositions 722:The Supreme Court Building, Islamabad 355:shrine architecture and the plaza on 2697:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale 989:Tokyo Metropolitan Government Office 665:, Yale University's hockey area, by 479:monument as an arch composed of two 2682:Pritzker Architecture Prize winners 1150:Glancey, Jonathon (23 March 2005). 945:, which was at that time a city of 784:decided that Japan should host the 546: 223:, 4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005) 24: 2712:Recipients of the Legion of Honour 2707:Recipients of the Order of Culture 2702:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal 2131:Reynolds, Jonathan McKean (2001). 728:Supreme Court of Pakistan Building 714:Supreme Court Building of Pakistan 683: 523:Kagawa Prefectural Government Hall 25: 2753: 2201:Tange Associates official website 2194: 2026:Rebuilding Urban Japan After 1945 1031:called her Le Corbusier instead." 2742:Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal 1919:American Institute of Architects 1115:American Institute of Architects 776:Osaka Expo Festival Plaza (1970) 630:Yoyogi National Gymnasium (1964) 363:. The design was not realised. 340:architectural design competition 197: 1936: 1924: 1906: 1893: 1881: 1855: 1815:"The Architect as Totalitarian" 1803: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1745: 1719: 1668: 1659: 1650: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1596: 1587: 1578: 1569: 1560: 1546: 1537: 1528: 1456: 1442:The Pritzker Architecture Prize 1430: 1421: 1400: 1391: 1382: 1373: 1364: 1355: 1346: 1337: 1316: 1295: 1286: 1241:The Pritzker Architecture Prize 979: 937:In 1965 Tange was asked by the 653:Inspired by the skyline of the 638:is situated in an open area in 585:The fortress-like town hall in 465:Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum 407:. His design for an airport in 325: 227:Pritzker Prize for Architecture 2137:University of California Press 2051:Twentieth Century Architecture 1944:Tange's Honor Is Well-Deserved 1933:, Pritzker Architecture Prize. 1827:(4). New York, United States: 1361:Japan Architect (2005), p. 100 1277: 1268: 1259: 1220: 1169: 1143: 707:Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 542:Kenzō Tange's own house (1953) 27:Japanese architect (1913–2005) 13: 1: 2028:. Hampshire, United Kingdom: 1972: 964:Urbanists and Architects Team 697:Reconstruction of Skopje 1963 490: 262: 246:Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park 172:Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park 1903:(McGraw-Hill, 1984), p. 202. 1543:Kulterman (1970), pp. 286–94 1136: 743:Prime Minister's Secretariat 267:Born on 4 September 1913 in 7: 2243:Pritzker Architecture Prize 2158:. New York, United States: 2070:Frampton, Kenneth (1990) . 2047:Doordan, Dennis P (2002) . 1124:Pritzker Architecture Prize 958:reinforced concrete columns 642:on an adjacent axis to the 433: 219: 10: 2758: 2722:University of Tokyo alumni 2154:Stewart, Dennis B (2002). 2135:. London, United Kingdom: 1593:Stewart (1987), pp. 179–81 1575:Stewart (1987), pp. 176–77 1566:Stewart (1987), pp. 173–76 1180:. Routledge. p. 657. 804: 694: 463:In the initial design the 2252: 1467:. Routledge. p. 168. 1102: 1044: 912:Alison and Peter Smithson 732:Supreme Court of Pakistan 636:Yoyogi National Gymnasium 439:Peace Center in Hiroshima 213: 196: 191: 187: 166: 148: 144: 138:Order of Sacred Treasures 109: 101: 91: 75: 53: 41: 34: 2737:Japanese Roman Catholics 2717:People from Sakai, Osaka 2382:Christian de Portzamparc 2112:Kultermann, Udo (1970). 2097:. Lausanne: EPFL Press. 1647:Kulterman (1970), p. 246 1638:Kulterman (1970), p. 262 1620:Kulterman (1970), p. 128 1611:Kulterman (1970), p. 123 1602:Kulterman (1970), p. 119 1534:Kulterman (1970), p. 282 1506:"Supreme Court Building" 1418:Kulterman (1970), p. 204 1178:Encyclopedia of the City 1130:Olympic Diploma of Merit 48:Tange in Amsterdam, 1981 2727:Nihon University alumni 2206:The Kenzō Tange Archive 1979:Ayers, Andrew (2004) . 1769:Frampton (1990), p. 283 1751:Frampton (1990), p. 282 1694:"Obituary: Kenzo Tange" 1397:Kulterman (1970), p. 92 1379:Kulterman (1970), p. 28 1370:Kulterman (1970), p. 56 1334:Kulterman (1970), p. 18 1322:Kulterman (1970), p. 17 1226:Reynolds (2001), p. 126 390:Post war reconstruction 2522:Eduardo Souto de Moura 2438:Herzog & de Meuron 2160:Kodansha International 1865:. 2010. Archived from 1760:Stewart (1987), p. 216 1674:Doordan (2002), p. 274 1656:Kulterman (1970), p. 8 1629:Stewart (1987), p. 182 1584:Stewart (1987), p. 177 1427:Stewart (1987), p. 218 1388:Stewart (1987), p. 197 1352:Stewart (1987), p. 207 1313:Stewart (1987), p. 175 1265:Yorifusa (2003), p. 29 1217:Stewart (1987), p. 171 1205:Stewart (1987), p. 170 1081:Brutalist architecture 1057: 1042: 996: 894: 816: 807:Hawai'i Hochi Building 777: 723: 692: 631: 582: 543: 500: 481:hyperbolic paraboloids 456: 448: 399: 338:, participating in an 160:Kenzo Tange Associates 2478:Paulo Mendes da Rocha 1785:Royal Academy of Arts 1463:Zhongije Lin (2010). 1283:Norioki (2003), p. 96 1274:Norioki (2003), p. 92 1176:Caves, R. W. (2004). 1052: 1028: 987: 892: 814: 801:Hawaii Hochi Building 775: 768:Osaka Exposition 1970 721: 695:Further information: 691: 629: 580: 541: 498: 454: 446: 397: 300:Palace of the Soviets 154:1946 Tange Laboratory 2626:Diébédo Francis Kéré 2618:Jean-Philippe Vassal 1899:Richard Guy Wilson, 1781:"Kengo Kuma's craft" 1779:Kuma, Kengo (2004). 1665:Ayers (2004), p. 213 1406:Banham (1978), p. 82 829:Architectural circle 705:, then part of the 622:Tokyo Olympic arenas 615:St. Mary's Cathedral 611:St. Mary's Cathedral 606:St. Mary's Cathedral 573:Town Hall, Kurashiki 178:Tokyo Olympic arenas 2677:Japanese architects 2179:The Japan Architect 2007:Architectural Press 1811:Dalrymple, Theodore 1733:on 25 February 2017 1556:. 27 February 2023. 864:Metabolist Movement 762:Siemens Engineering 736:Constitution Avenue 734:, located in 44000 648:1964 Tokyo Olympics 513:American Occupation 312:University of Tokyo 238:Metabolist movement 181:St Mary's Cathedral 96:University of Tokyo 2634:David Chipperfield 2366:Álvaro Siza Vieira 2030:Palgrave MacMillan 1901:The AIA Gold Medal 1791:on 28 October 2010 1516:on 1 February 2017 1058: 997: 895: 871:Unité d'Habitation 844:The Athens Charter 817: 778: 724: 693: 632: 583: 544: 501: 457: 449: 400: 134:Praemium Imperiale 2652: 2651: 2562:Alejandro Aravena 2104:978-2-88915-445-6 2076:Thames and Hudson 1948:Los Angeles Times 1942:Sam Hall Kaplan, 1692:(23 March 2005). 1690:Glancey, Jonathan 1247:on 7 January 2010 1117:Gold Medal (1966) 1111:Gold Medal (1965) 860:Kiyonori Kikutake 747:President's House 745:to the south and 565:'s 1954 house at 283:on the island of 205: 204: 16:(Redirected from 2749: 2645: 2637: 2629: 2621: 2609: 2606:Shelley McNamara 2597: 2589: 2581: 2565: 2557: 2549: 2541: 2533: 2525: 2517: 2505: 2497: 2489: 2481: 2473: 2465: 2457: 2449: 2441: 2433: 2425: 2417: 2409: 2401: 2393: 2385: 2377: 2369: 2361: 2353: 2345: 2337: 2325: 2317: 2309: 2301: 2293: 2285: 2277: 2269: 2261: 2236: 2229: 2222: 2213: 2212: 2190: 2173: 2150: 2127: 2108: 2089: 2066: 2054: 2043: 2020: 1994: 1966: 1965: 1957: 1951: 1950:(22 March 1987). 1940: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1910: 1904: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1869:on 20 March 2011 1859: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1839:. Archived from 1807: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1787:. Archived from 1776: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1729:. Archived from 1723: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1686: 1675: 1672: 1666: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1558: 1557: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1535: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1504:Govt. Pakistan. 1501: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1460: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1419: 1416: 1407: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1380: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1344: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1323: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1302: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1275: 1272: 1266: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1233: 1227: 1224: 1218: 1215: 1206: 1203: 1192: 1191: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1147: 1091:He received the 1040: 659:Philips Pavilion 547:Tange's own home 505:Ise Grand Shrine 409:Kanon, Hiroshima 305:Nihon University 224: 222: 216: 215: 201: 129:Order of Culture 82: 64:4 September 1913 63: 61: 46: 32: 31: 21: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2640: 2632: 2624: 2612: 2600: 2592: 2584: 2568: 2560: 2552: 2544: 2536: 2528: 2520: 2508: 2500: 2492: 2484: 2476: 2468: 2460: 2452: 2444: 2436: 2428: 2420: 2412: 2404: 2396: 2388: 2380: 2372: 2364: 2356: 2348: 2340: 2330:Gordon Bunshaft 2328: 2320: 2312: 2304: 2296: 2288: 2280: 2272: 2264: 2256: 2248: 2240: 2197: 2176: 2170: 2147: 2124: 2105: 2086: 2063: 2040: 2017: 1991: 1975: 1970: 1969: 1958: 1954: 1941: 1937: 1929: 1925: 1921:, 1973), p. 62. 1911: 1907: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1843:on 6 March 2016 1813:(Autumn 2009). 1808: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1736: 1734: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1687: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1519: 1517: 1502: 1498: 1488: 1486: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1461: 1457: 1447: 1445: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1250: 1248: 1235: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1209: 1204: 1195: 1188: 1174: 1170: 1160: 1158: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1105: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1024:Tokyo Cathedral 982: 966: 887: 836: 831: 809: 803: 786:1970 Exposition 770: 758:CDA Engineering 716: 699: 686: 684:Plan for Skopje 624: 608: 575: 563:Kazuo Shinohara 549: 525: 493: 441: 436: 424:Peace Boulevard 392: 357:Capitoline Hill 328: 265: 210: 175:Plan for Skopje 120:RIBA Gold Medal 92:Alma mater 87: 84: 80: 71: 65: 59: 57: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2755: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2646: 2642:Riken Yamamoto 2638: 2630: 2622: 2610: 2602:Yvonne Farrell 2598: 2590: 2582: 2566: 2558: 2550: 2542: 2534: 2526: 2518: 2514:Ryue Nishizawa 2506: 2498: 2490: 2486:Richard Rogers 2482: 2474: 2466: 2458: 2450: 2442: 2434: 2426: 2418: 2410: 2402: 2394: 2386: 2378: 2370: 2362: 2358:Robert Venturi 2354: 2346: 2338: 2334:Oscar Niemeyer 2326: 2318: 2314:Gottfried Böhm 2310: 2302: 2294: 2286: 2278: 2274:James Stirling 2270: 2262: 2258:Philip Johnson 2253: 2250: 2249: 2239: 2238: 2231: 2224: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2196: 2195:External links 2193: 2192: 2191: 2174: 2168: 2151: 2145: 2128: 2122: 2109: 2103: 2090: 2084: 2067: 2061: 2044: 2038: 2021: 2015: 1999:Banham, Reyner 1995: 1989: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1952: 1935: 1923: 1905: 1892: 1880: 1854: 1802: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1718: 1676: 1667: 1658: 1649: 1640: 1631: 1622: 1613: 1604: 1595: 1586: 1577: 1568: 1559: 1545: 1536: 1527: 1510:Govt. Pakistan 1496: 1470: 1455: 1429: 1420: 1408: 1399: 1390: 1381: 1372: 1363: 1354: 1345: 1336: 1324: 1315: 1303: 1294: 1285: 1276: 1267: 1258: 1228: 1219: 1207: 1193: 1186: 1168: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1121: 1118: 1112: 1104: 1101: 1093:AIA Gold Medal 1056:, Tokyo (1964) 1046: 1043: 1033: 1005:Place d'Italie 1001:Jacques Chirac 995:, Tokyo (1991) 981: 978: 970:Walter Gropius 965: 962: 939:United Nations 908:Junzo Sakakura 904:Kisho Kurokawa 886: 883: 835: 832: 830: 827: 805:Main article: 802: 799: 769: 766: 715: 712: 685: 682: 678:Pritzker Prize 623: 620: 607: 604: 594:style houses. 574: 571: 548: 545: 524: 521: 492: 489: 440: 437: 435: 432: 391: 388: 380:Hajime Yatsuka 372:Kisho Kurokawa 327: 324: 264: 261: 203: 202: 194: 193: 189: 188: 185: 184: 183: 182: 179: 176: 173: 168: 164: 163: 162: 161: 158: 155: 150: 146: 145: 142: 141: 140: 139: 136: 131: 126: 124:AIA Gold Medal 121: 118: 116:Pritzker Prize 111: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 85: 83:(aged 91) 77: 73: 72: 66: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2754: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2655: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2594:Arata Isozaki 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2578:Ramón Vilalta 2575: 2571: 2570:Rafael Aranda 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2510:Kazuyo Sejima 2507: 2503: 2502:Peter Zumthor 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446:Glenn Murcutt 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2422:Norman Foster 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2374:Fumihiko Maki 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298:Richard Meier 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266:Luis Barragán 2263: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2169:4-7700-2933-0 2165: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2146:0-520-21495-1 2142: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2123:0-269-02686-X 2119: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2085:0-500-20201-X 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2062:0-8109-0605-8 2058: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2041: 2039:0-333-65962-7 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2016:0-85139-395-0 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1990:3-930698-96-X 1986: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1963: 1956: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1932: 1927: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1909: 1902: 1896: 1889: 1884: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1806: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1775: 1766: 1757: 1748: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1671: 1662: 1653: 1644: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1590: 1581: 1572: 1563: 1555: 1549: 1540: 1531: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1500: 1485:. Google Maps 1484: 1480: 1474: 1466: 1459: 1443: 1439: 1433: 1424: 1415: 1413: 1403: 1394: 1385: 1376: 1367: 1358: 1349: 1340: 1331: 1329: 1319: 1310: 1308: 1298: 1289: 1280: 1271: 1262: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1223: 1214: 1212: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1189: 1187:9780415862875 1183: 1179: 1172: 1157: 1153: 1152:"Kenzo Tange" 1146: 1142: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1089: 1086: 1083:. His use of 1082: 1078: 1077:Reyner Banham 1073: 1071: 1066: 1063: 1055: 1051: 1039: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1020:postmodernism 1015: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1002: 994: 990: 986: 977: 975: 971: 961: 959: 955: 950: 948: 944: 940: 935: 931: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 891: 882: 880: 876: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 826: 824: 823: 813: 808: 798: 794: 791: 787: 783: 774: 765: 763: 759: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 737: 733: 729: 720: 711: 708: 704: 698: 690: 681: 679: 674: 670: 668: 667:Eero Saarinen 664: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 628: 619: 616: 612: 603: 601: 595: 593: 588: 579: 570: 568: 564: 559: 555: 540: 536: 534: 530: 520: 518: 514: 510: 509:Emperor Temmu 506: 497: 488: 486: 482: 478: 473: 469: 466: 461: 453: 445: 431: 429: 425: 420: 418: 412: 410: 406: 396: 387: 385: 384:Fumihiko Maki 381: 377: 376:Arata Isozaki 373: 369: 364: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 341: 337: 333: 332:Kunio Maekawa 323: 321: 317: 316:Katsura villa 313: 308: 306: 301: 297: 293: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 260: 258: 254: 249: 247: 243: 239: 234: 232: 228: 221: 209: 200: 195: 190: 186: 180: 177: 174: 171: 170: 169: 165: 159: 156: 153: 152: 151: 147: 143: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 119: 117: 114: 113: 112: 108: 104: 100: 97: 94: 90: 79:22 March 2005 78: 74: 69: 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 2654: 2614:Anne Lacaton 2430:Rem Koolhaas 2398:Rafael Moneo 2321: 2306:Hans Hollein 2178: 2155: 2132: 2113: 2094: 2071: 2050: 2025: 2002: 1980: 1961: 1955: 1947: 1938: 1926: 1912: 1908: 1900: 1895: 1887: 1883: 1871:. Retrieved 1867:the original 1857: 1845:. Retrieved 1841:the original 1824: 1820:City Journal 1818: 1805: 1793:. Retrieved 1789:the original 1774: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1735:. Retrieved 1731:the original 1721: 1709:. Retrieved 1698:The Guardian 1697: 1670: 1661: 1652: 1643: 1634: 1625: 1616: 1607: 1598: 1589: 1580: 1571: 1562: 1548: 1539: 1530: 1518:. Retrieved 1514:the original 1509: 1499: 1487:. Retrieved 1482: 1473: 1464: 1458: 1446:. Retrieved 1441: 1432: 1423: 1402: 1393: 1384: 1375: 1366: 1357: 1348: 1339: 1318: 1297: 1288: 1279: 1270: 1261: 1249:. Retrieved 1245:the original 1240: 1231: 1222: 1177: 1171: 1159:. Retrieved 1156:The Guardian 1155: 1145: 1097: 1090: 1074: 1067: 1059: 1038:The Guardian 1037: 1036:Obituary in 1029: 1016: 1009: 998: 980:Later career 967: 951: 936: 932: 928:Jacob Bakema 896: 868: 837: 822:Hawaii Hochi 820: 818: 795: 780:In 1965 the 779: 751: 725: 700: 676:Tange won a 675: 671: 663:Ingalls Rink 652: 644:Meiji Shrine 633: 610: 609: 596: 584: 550: 526: 516: 502: 485:Kofun Period 474: 470: 462: 458: 421: 413: 401: 368:Sachio Otani 365: 329: 326:Early career 309: 296:Le Corbusier 289: 266: 250: 242:Le Corbusier 235: 207: 206: 86:Tokyo, Japan 81:(2005-03-22) 29: 2672:2005 deaths 2667:1913 births 2586:B. V. Doshi 2574:Carme Pigem 2546:Shigeru Ban 2494:Jean Nouvel 2414:Renzo Piano 2406:Sverre Fehn 2342:Frank Gehry 2322:Kenzo Tange 2282:Kevin Roche 2114:Kenzo Tange 1917:, Vol. 60 ( 1914:AIA Journal 1727:"NBM Media" 924:B. V. Doshi 920:Jean Prouvé 900:Lake Geneva 640:Yoyogi Park 600:La Tourette 417:ground zero 320:Hibiya Park 220:Tange Kenzō 208:Kenzō Tange 36:Kenzō Tange 18:Kenzo Tange 2661:Categories 2470:Thom Mayne 2462:Zaha Hadid 2454:Jørn Utzon 2390:Tadao Ando 2350:Aldo Rossi 1973:References 1873:24 October 1847:14 October 1737:15 October 1448:9 November 1085:Béton brut 1070:Kengo Kuma 916:Louis Kahn 879:Chandigarh 491:Ise Shrine 349:Mount Fuji 263:Early life 102:Occupation 60:1913-09-04 2554:Frei Otto 2290:I. M. Pei 2246:laureates 2187:0448-8512 2001:(1978) . 1837:1060-8540 1706:0261-3077 1520:5 January 1489:5 January 1137:Footnotes 1095:in 1966. 1062:Archigram 881:, India. 852:Dubrovnik 848:Hoddesdon 739:Islamabad 655:Colosseum 587:Kurashiki 336:Manchuria 292:Hiroshima 231:modernism 192:Signature 167:Buildings 105:Architect 2732:Expo '70 2538:Toyo Ito 2530:Wang Shu 1251:13 March 1161:21 March 1034:— 1010:For the 993:Shinjuku 567:Kugayama 529:Tōdai-ji 477:Cenotaph 434:Projects 405:Maebashi 277:Shanghai 149:Practice 1795:16 June 1711:15 June 974:Bauhaus 856:Otterlo 592:Machiya 428:columns 285:Shikoku 281:Imabari 70:, Japan 2644:(2024) 2636:(2023) 2628:(2022) 2620:(2021) 2608:(2020) 2596:(2019) 2588:(2018) 2580:(2017) 2576:, and 2564:(2016) 2556:(2015) 2548:(2014) 2540:(2013) 2532:(2012) 2524:(2011) 2516:(2010) 2504:(2009) 2496:(2008) 2488:(2007) 2480:(2006) 2472:(2005) 2464:(2004) 2456:(2003) 2448:(2002) 2440:(2001) 2432:(2000) 2424:(1999) 2416:(1998) 2408:(1997) 2400:(1996) 2392:(1995) 2384:(1994) 2376:(1993) 2368:(1992) 2360:(1991) 2352:(1990) 2344:(1989) 2336:(1988) 2324:(1987) 2316:(1986) 2308:(1985) 2300:(1984) 2292:(1983) 2284:(1982) 2276:(1981) 2268:(1980) 2260:(1979) 2185: 2166: 2143: 2120: 2101: 2082: 2059: 2036: 2013: 1987: 1835: 1704: 1483:Google 1184: 1132:(1965) 1126:(1987) 1103:Awards 1045:Legacy 943:Skopje 875:Punjab 703:Skopje 558:fusuma 554:tatami 353:Shinto 273:Hankou 257:Skopje 110:Awards 790:Osaka 754:PEPAC 269:Sakai 253:Tokyo 214:丹下健三 68:Sakai 2616:and 2604:and 2512:and 2332:and 2183:ISSN 2164:ISBN 2141:ISBN 2118:ISBN 2099:ISBN 2080:ISBN 2057:ISBN 2034:ISBN 2011:ISBN 1985:ISBN 1875:2010 1849:2010 1833:ISSN 1797:2010 1739:2010 1713:2010 1702:ISSN 1522:2014 1491:2014 1450:2013 1253:2010 1182:ISBN 1163:2021 1109:RIBA 1075:For 954:Kōfu 926:and 760:and 726:The 634:The 533:Nara 382:and 361:Rome 344:Rehe 275:and 255:and 76:Died 54:Born 877:at 531:in 359:in 2663:: 2572:, 2162:. 2139:. 2078:. 2032:. 2009:. 1946:, 1831:. 1825:19 1823:. 1817:. 1696:. 1679:^ 1508:. 1481:. 1440:. 1411:^ 1327:^ 1306:^ 1239:. 1210:^ 1196:^ 1154:. 1026:. 991:, 922:, 918:, 914:, 910:, 906:, 866:. 764:. 487:. 386:. 378:, 374:, 370:, 322:. 287:. 217:, 2235:e 2228:t 2221:v 2189:. 2172:. 2149:. 2126:. 2107:. 2088:. 2065:. 2042:. 2019:. 1993:. 1877:. 1851:. 1799:. 1741:. 1715:. 1524:. 1493:. 1452:. 1255:. 1190:. 1165:. 211:( 62:) 58:( 20:)

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