6161:
1099:
430:
to the program, a graduate student underwent a rite of "adoption into the fold". He was given a desk (or a share of a desk) among a group of other graduate students, the permanent staff, or visiting scholars, "most of whom were engaged in some aspect of the design and building of computers". A student was thus "made to feel part of a scholarly enterprise" and was provided, "often for the first time, with easy and intimate access to others more experienced in his chosen field".
6594:
6584:
795:
1403:
33:
1068:. Work on APL2 proceeded intermittently for 15 years, with actual coding starting in 1971 and APL2 becoming available as an IUP (Installed User Program, an IBM product classification) in 1982. STSC had an experimental APL system called NARS, designed and implemented by Bob Smith. NARS and APL2 differed in fundamental respects from dictionary APL, and differed from each other.
1234:
515:
715:
979:
1222:
1332:. I studied this interpreter for about a week for its organization and programming style; and on Sunday, August 27, 1989, at about four o'clock in the afternoon, wrote the first line of code that became the implementation described in this document. Arthur's one-page interpreter fragment is as follows: ...
786:
as a summer student. For a period of several months the visitors would start using APL for expositions in their own fields, and the hope was that later they would continue their use of APL at their home institutions. Iverson's work at this time centered in several disciplines, including collaborative
429:
Kenneth
Iverson has recalled graduate study under Aiken as "like an apprenticeship" in which the student "learned the tools of the scholarship trade". Every topic was "used more as a focus for the development of skills such as clarity of thought and expression than as an end in itself". Once admitted
645:
computer then under design. The result was published in 1964 in a double issue of the IBM Systems
Journal, thereafter known as the "grey book" or "grey manual". The book was used in a course on computer systems design at the IBM Systems Research Institute. A consequence of the formal description was
698:
in 1973 "for their work in the design and implementation of APL\360, setting new standards in simplicity, efficiency, reliability and response time for interactive systems." While the 360 implementation work was underway "Iverson notation" was renamed "APL", by
Falkoff. The workspace "1 cleanspace"
1398:
Eric
Iverson founded Iverson Software Inc., in February 1990 to provide an improved SHARP APL/PC product. It quickly became obvious that there were shared interests and goals, and in May 1990 Iverson and Hui joined Iverson Software Inc.; later joined by Chris Burke. The company soon became J only.
559:. He was "appalled" to find that conventional mathematical notation failed to fill his needs, and began work on extensions to the notation that were more suitable. In particular, he adopted the matrix algebra used in his thesis work, the systematic use of matrices and higher-dimensional arrays in
537:
computers. This was simply not so. During one coffee hour, Aiken turned to Ken
Iverson, who had just finished his Ph.D., and said: "These machines are going to be immensely important for business, and I want you to prepare and teach a course in business data processing next fall." There had never
1241:
Iverson retired from I. P. Sharp
Associates in 1987. He kept busy while "between jobs". Regarding language design, the most significant of his activities in this period was the invention of "fork" in 1988. For years, he had struggled to find a way to write f+g as in calculus, from the "scalar
1071:
I.P. Sharp implemented the new APL ideas in stages: complex numbers, enclosed (boxed) arrays, match, and composition operators in 1981, the determinant operator in 1982, and the rank operator, link, and the left and right identity functions in 1983. However, the domains of operators were still
1380:): noun, verb, adverbs, alphabet, word formation, sentence, ... instead of array, function, operator, character set, lexing, expression, ... ; and (b) its use of 7-bit ASCII characters instead of special symbols. Other differences between J and APL are described in
1348:
was between jobs, modelled the parsing process in at least two different ways, and investigated uses of dictionary APL in diverse applications. As well, from
January 1987 to August 1989 he had access to SAX, and in the later part of that period used it on a daily basis.
1365:, in addition to the "one-page thing", contributed to J development by suggesting that primitives be oriented on the leading axis, that agreement (a generalization of scalar extension) should be prefix instead of suffix, and that a total array ordering be defined.
1356:
as the specification, and the J interpreter was built around Table 2 of the dictionary. The C data and program structures were designed so that the parse table in C corresponded directly to the parse table in the dictionary. In retrospect, Iverson's APL87 paper
1368:
One of the objectives was to implement fork. This turned out to be rather straightforward, by the inclusion of one additional row in the parse table. The choice to implement forks was fortuitous and fortunate. It was realized only later that forks made
1045:, itself referred to as "the dictionary". In the dictionary, APL syntax is controlled by a 9-by-6 table and the parsing process was precisely and succinctly described in Table 2, and there is a primitive (monadic ⊥, modeled in APL) for word formation (
1373:(operator expressions) complete in the following sense: any sentence involving one or two arguments that did not use its arguments as an operand, can be written tacitly with fork, compose, the left and right identity functions, and constant functions.
798:(L to R) Dick Lathwell, Ken Iverson, Roger Moore, Adin Falkoff, Phil Abrams, and Larry Breed. On the extreme left in the background: Jon McGrew. Taken in the I.P. Sharp Associates hospitality suite during the 1978 APL Users Meeting in Toronto, Ontario.
787:
projects in circuit theory, genetics, geology, and calculus. When the PSC closed in 1974, some of the group transferred to
California while others including Iverson remained in the East, later transferring back to IBM Research. He received the
4936:
Hagamen, W.D.; Berry, P.C.; Iverson, K.E.; Weber, J.C. (August 1989). "Processing natural language syntactic and semantic mechanisms". Conference
Proceedings on APL as a Tool of Thought, APL 1989, New York City, NY, USA, August 7–10, 1989.
681:
joined the project. They produced a FORTRAN-based implementation on the 7090 called IVSYS (for
Iverson system) by autumn 1965, first in batch mode and later, in early 1966, in time-shared interactive mode. Subsequently, Breed,
394:, taking advantage of government support for ex-servicemen and under threat from an Air Force buddy who said he would "beat his brains out if he did not grasp the opportunity". He graduated in 1950 as the top student with a
448:
When interviewing Aiken, I had asked him whether Tropp and I might see his lecture notes; Aiken replied that he had always destroyed his lecture notes at the end of each year, so that he would not be tempted to repeat his
1242:
operators" in 1978, through the "til" operator in 1982, the catenation and reshape operators in 1984, the union and intersection operators in 1987, "yoke" in 1988, and finally forks in 1988. Forks are defined as follows:
7189:
722:
The formal description and especially the implementation drove the evolution of the language, a process of consolidation and regularization in typography, linearization, syntax, and function definition described in
746:
The notation was used by Falkoff and Iverson to teach various topics at various universities and at the IBM Systems Research Institute. In 1964 Iverson used the notation in a one-semester course for seniors at the
606:, who advised him to "stick to whatever really wanted to do, because management was so starved for ideas that anything not clearly crazy would find support." In particular, he was allowed to finish and publish
371:, and because he thought further schooling only led to becoming a schoolteacher and he had no desire to become one. At age 17, while still out of school, he enrolled in a correspondence course on radios with
771:, Atlanta public schools, among others. In one school the students became so eager that they broke into the school after hours to get more APL computer time; in another the APL enthusiasts steered newbies to
276:
resulting in what the computing field now knows as APL; for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice".
538:
been such a course anywhere in the world. Ken was qualified only because he was a mathematician. I was so excited by the prospect that I immediately volunteered to be Ken's graduate teaching assistant.
1076:. The language was as specified in the dictionary with no restrictions on the domains of operators. An alpha version of SAX became available within I.P. Sharp around December 1986 or early 1987.
7224:
703:. APL\360 service began within IBM several weeks before that and outside IBM in 1968. Additional information on the implementation of APL\360 can be found in the Acknowledgements of the
1376:
Two obvious differences between J and other APL dialects are: (a) its use of terms from natural languages instead of from mathematics or computer science (the practice began with
3466:
6069:
illustrations of what Iverson was like as a person, what he was like to work with, the milieu in which he studied and worked, his outlook on life, his sense of humor, etc.
555:
It was in this period that Iverson developed notation for describing and analyzing various topics in data processing, for teaching classes, and for writing (with Brooks)
670:
which had the first general customer installation of a 360 system, used the formal description to become more expert than the IBM systems engineer assigned to Pomona.
782:. He used the funding that came with being an IBM Fellow to bring in visiting teachers and professors from various fields, including Donald McIntyre from Pomona and
1021:
database. (Iverson introduced Arthur Whitney, son of Eoin Whitney, to APL when he was 11-years-old and in 1974 recommended him for a summer student position at IPSA
1281:
worked out the details on the long plane rides to the APL88 conference in Sydney, Australia, with Iverson coming up with the initial idea on waking up from a nap.
673:
With the completion of the formal description Falkoff and Iverson turned their attention to implementation. This work was brought to rapid fruition in 1965 when
363:, initially in Grade 1, promoted to Grade 2 after 3 months and to Grade 4 by the end of June 1927. He left school after Grade 9 because it was the depths of the
1288:
When I retired from paid employment, I turned my attention back to this matter and soon concluded that the essential tool required was a dialect of APL that:
498:
7254:
6101:
575:
on function argument(s) with a function result. The notation was also field-tested in the business world in 1957 during a 6-month sabbatical spent at
7239:
3493:
1072:
restricted to the primitive functions or subsets thereof. In 1986, IPSA developed SAX, SHARP APL/Unix, written in C and based on an implementation by
802:
The following table lists the publications which Iverson authored or co-authored while he was at IBM. They reflect the two main strands of his work.
6632:
6020:
The species is named after Kenneth Eugene Iverson (1920–2004), a Canadian computer scientist who developed the programming languages APL and J.
1802:
1361:, in five pages, prescribed all the essential steps in writing an APL interpreter, in particular the sections on word formation and parsing.
7184:
3784:
7244:
6588:
2568:
Jenkins, Michael A. (10 February 1972). "Domino – An APL Primitive Function for Matrix Inverse – Its Implementation and Applications".
7214:
7209:
3436:
2480:
2427:
6598:
6265:
3405:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (24 August 1970). "Using the Computer to Compute: A Direct but Neglected Approach to Teaching Mathematics".
7234:
3212:
6094:
3110:
7229:
7219:
7179:
3345:
2339:
2220:
1890:
1859:
7079:
6625:
6418:
1615:
590:
Iverson stayed at Harvard for five years but failed to get tenure, because " published anything but the one little book".
7194:
6529:
6384:
6308:
6169:
5150:
4473:
4162:
2580:
Jenkins, M. A. (1972). "DOMINO: An APL Primitive Function for Matrix Inversion – – Its Implementation and Applications".
2553:
Jenkins, Michael A. (June 1970). "The Solution of Linear Systems of Equations and Linear Least Squares Problems in APL".
1963:
1563:
1362:
1325:
1073:
1057:
1014:
6072:
6699:
2519:
2167:
6087:
4447:
768:
387:
321:
87:
482:. Leontief's model required large matrices and Iverson worked on programs that could evaluate these matrices on the
7174:
6970:
6502:
6273:
1003:
659:
7249:
6822:
6618:
6453:
6135:
5907:
2864:
1553:
663:
190:
1277:
Moreover, (f g p q r) ←→ (f g (p q r)). Thus to write f+g as in calculus, one can write f+g in APL. Iverson and
6463:
5380:
5330:
4958:
4410:
4392:
4374:
1065:
1328:
visited Ken Iverson at Kiln Farm and produced—on one page and in one afternoon—an interpreter fragment on the
6907:
6346:
6145:
4986:
1542:
1410:
Publications which Iverson authored or co-authored while he was at Iverson Software Inc. and Jsoftware Inc.:
1026:
372:
132:
778:
In 1969, Iverson and the APL group inaugurated the IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center. In 1970 he was named
3817:
1693:
6379:
3377:
1610:
1292:• Is available as "shareware", and is inexpensive enough to be acquired by students as well as by schools
1064:, and all three were active in developing and extending the language. IBM had APL2, based on the work of
1041:
in September 1987. Within IPSA, the phrase "dictionary APL" came into use to denote the APL specified by
756:
2989:
Conventions Governing Order of Evaluation (Appendix A of Elementary Functions: An Algorithmic Treatment)
6412:
6238:
6219:
6110:
5123:
5011:
1392:
700:
622:
began as one book "but the material grew in both magnitude and level until a separation proved wise".)
265:
109:
2689:
3710:
3660:
1650:
695:
666:, and Mike Jenkins, all of whom later made contributions to APL. Donald McIntyre, head of geology at
587:
and later revised and presented at the Fourth London Symposium on Information Theory in August 1960.
755:. After APL became available its first application was to teach formal methods in systems design at
6298:
6261:
6250:
1808:
1306:
380:
344:
317:
113:
6054:
4226:
1017:
and Iverson produced a model of APL written in APL at the same time they were working on IPSA's
1002:. At IPSA, the APL language and systems group was managed by Eric Iverson (Ken Iverson's son);
7199:
6363:
6124:
4790:
4768:
4746:
4464:
4298:
4003:
3543:
1569:
1107:
987:
752:
691:
568:
475:
337:
195:
143:
6851:
417:
in 1951. He then switched to the Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, working with
6289:
6059:
5934:
3306:
Berry, Paul; Bartoli, G.; Dell'Aquila, C.; Spadavecchia, V. (March 1973). "APL and Insight".
2066:
1909:
Machine Solutions of Linear Differential Equations – Applications to a Dynamic Economic Model
1689:
1573:
1546:
1337:
1061:
687:
576:
572:
273:
215:
Machine Solutions of Linear Differential Equations – Applications to a Dynamic Economic Model
4052:
2752:
2722:
214:
7204:
7169:
7164:
6577:
6523:
6390:
6001:
4882:
4849:
Iverson, Kenneth E.; Wooster, Peter K. (September 1981). "A function definition operator".
2423:
1092:
1025:.) In the model, the APL syntax was driven by an 11-by-5 table. Whitney also invented the
764:
748:
638:
487:
395:
262:
105:
4195:
4089:
2486:
2450:
8:
7053:
6489:
6211:
5739:
2756:
2748:
2099:
Proceedings of the First Conference on Training Personnel for the Computing Machine Field
995:
683:
647:
526:
491:
6005:
7008:
6873:
6705:
6693:
5852:
5784:
5431:
5386:
5336:
5097:
4964:
4713:
4517:
4349:
4292:
4138:
3851:
3729:
3679:
3080:
2839:
2267:
2126:
1913:
546:, Aiken and the Harvard "Comp Lab", in I. Bernard Cohen and Gregory W. Welch, editors,
414:
410:
325:
258:
185:
92:
5658:
2926:"Almost Perfect Artifacts Improve only in Small Ways: APL is more French than English"
2793:
6901:
6879:
6448:
5538:
5376:
5326:
4954:
4443:
4381:(Ph.D. thesis). Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Syracuse University.
4327:
4142:
3341:
3218:
2961:
2898:
2817:
2515:
2335:
2216:
1886:
1855:
1370:
1226:
674:
651:
518:
391:
5390:
5101:
4968:
4353:
3902:
3855:
3683:
3116:
3084:
2843:
646:
that it attracted the interest of bright young minds. One hotbed of interest was at
7075:
7063:
7037:
6992:
6988:
6733:
6727:
6494:
6438:
6150:
6009:
5856:
5842:
5788:
5774:
5654:
5566:
5435:
5421:
5366:
5340:
5316:
5304:
5146:
5087:
5042:
4946:
4858:
4645:
4542:
4521:
4507:
4496:"A Comparison of the IPSA and STSC Implementations of Operators and General Arrays"
4433:
4339:
4128:
3973:
3940:
3908:
3841:
3719:
3669:
3629:
3591:
3565:
3138:
3070:
3054:
2829:
2789:
2685:
2664:
2589:
2442:
2387:
2271:
2257:
2138:
1878:
1847:
1659:
1278:
1046:
999:
760:
678:
655:
564:
471:
454:
435:
422:
364:
286:
239:
226:
169:
53:
6160:
5622:
5075:
3733:
7136:
7089:
7069:
6954:
6940:
6869:
6828:
6806:
6749:
6711:
6670:
6512:
6443:
6140:
6129:
5963:
5308:
5272:
4495:
3142:
3058:
2987:
2375:
2298:
1698:
1605:
1580:
1329:
783:
483:
360:
4166:
3535:
2925:
2070:
529:
to implement the world's first graduate program in "automatic data processing".
7124:
7059:
7047:
7025:
7002:
6996:
6936:
6863:
6794:
6664:
6610:
5711:
5183:
3012:
2245:
2002:
1778:
994:
company. He was preceded there by his IBM colleagues Paul Berry, Joey Tuttle,
667:
642:
467:
5928:
5687:
5594:
4649:
4612:
4579:
4546:
2094:
2006:
7158:
7142:
7130:
7099:
7085:
7041:
6982:
6834:
6816:
6812:
6800:
6778:
6676:
6550:
6065:
6035:
5957:
5762:
5409:
5154:
4911:
4220:
3875:
3245:
1907:
1831:
1733:
1600:
1018:
313:
5871:
5810:
5457:
5426:
5243:
5214:
5046:
4805:
4679:
4021:
3617:
3276:
2613:
2594:
2531:
2179:
2040:
1967:
7103:
6857:
6790:
6784:
6723:
6717:
6641:
6468:
6039:
5990:
Hübner, 1825 (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae: Agdistinae) from southern Africa"
3813:
3780:
3747:
3655:
3402:
2957:
2860:
2718:
2652:
2419:
2371:
2329:
2241:
1645:
1559:
1098:
1029:
in the process. The language design was further simplified and extended in
991:
788:
626:
599:
418:
376:
309:
294:
269:
234:
138:
6014:
5985:
5847:
5779:
5371:
5321:
5092:
4863:
4512:
4438:
3978:
3961:
3945:
3913:
3846:
3724:
3705:
3674:
3075:
2834:
2262:
1938:
1664:
1301:• Provides the simplicity and the generality of the latest thinking in APL
501:
and fellow graduate student from Alberta. This had future ramifications.
7190:
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
7031:
6913:
6895:
6889:
6743:
6658:
6537:
6507:
6458:
2921:
2208:
2163:
614:, two books that described and used the notation developed at Harvard. (
603:
543:
479:
399:
368:
5839:
Proceedings of the conference on Share knowledge share success - APL '97
4950:
4344:
3570:
Proceedings of the AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco
2668:
2392:
2142:
7120:
7093:
6976:
6950:
6946:
6930:
6772:
6737:
6368:
6341:
4881:
Iverson, Kenneth E.; Pesch, Roland H.; Schueler, J. Henri (June 1984).
4263:
3633:
3305:
3014:
Algebra as a Language (Appendix A of Algebra: An Algorithmic Treatment)
2446:
1532:
779:
641:, proceeded to use the notation to produce a formal description of the
375:
in Chicago, and learned calculus by self-study from a textbook. During
126:
6049:
6966:
6883:
6479:
6076:
sketches of Iverson, his colleagues, and his intellectual descendants
5834:
5735:
5683:
5650:
5405:
5300:
5268:
5239:
5210:
5179:
5142:
4982:
4259:
4085:
4017:
3596:
Proceedings of the AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference, Philadelphia
3106:
2894:
2476:
1934:
1729:
1313:
584:
298:
4133:
4116:
3937:
Proceedings of the international conference on APL: Part 1 - APL '79
3904:
Proceedings of the international conference on APL: Part 1 - APL '79
3836:
Iverson, Kenneth E. (September 1976). "Two combinatoric operators".
629:, and they worked together for the next twenty years. Chapter 2 of
6960:
6644:
5483:
3838:
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on APL - APL '76
3187:
1284:
Iverson presented the rationale for his work post 1987 as follows:
1106:
Publications which Iverson authored or co-authored while he was at
1009:
Iverson worked to develop and extend APL on the lines presented in
634:
6079:
3750:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (May 1973). "Communication in APL Systems".
5901:
5837:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (January 1998). "Mathematical roots of J".
3901:
Iverson, Kenneth E. (June 1979). "The role of operators in APL".
1022:
794:
694:) produced the System/360 implementation; the three received the
403:
348:
343:
Iverson suffered a stroke while working at the computer on a new
329:
290:
72:
5363:
Proceedings of the international conference on APL '91 - APL '91
5313:
Proceedings of the international conference on APL '91 - APL '91
1316:
described the final impetus that got J started in Appendix A of
478:
of economic analysis, work for which he would later receive the
272:
in 1979 "for his pioneering effort in programming languages and
6373:
4643:
560:
383:, he took correspondence courses toward a high school diploma.
302:
208:
5361:
Cherlin, Edward (August 1991). "Pure functions in APL and J".
4428:
Smith, Bob (1981). "Nested arrays, operators, and functions".
1233:
1210:
Processing Natural Language: Syntactic and Semantic Mechanisms
637:
computer. In early 1963 Falkoff, later joined by Iverson and
514:
32:
6256:
772:
7225:
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
5686:; Iverson, Eric; Iverson, Kenneth E.; Iverson, Kirk (1998).
4430:
Proceedings of the international conference on APL - APL '81
3935:
Iverson, Kenneth E. (June 1979). "The derivative operator".
3592:"A Common Language for Hardware, Software, and Applications"
1402:
1221:
602:
in 1960 (and doubled his salary). He was preceded to IBM by
293:, Canada. His parents were farmers who came to Alberta from
6189:
2093:
Iverson, Kenneth E. (June 1954). Jacobson, Arvid W. (ed.).
714:
413:, he began in the Department of Mathematics and received a
5141:
2966:
Proceedings of the APL Users Conference at SUNY Binghamton
978:
882:
A Common Language for Hardware, Software, and Applications
6358:
4830:
Iverson, Kenneth E. (October 1980). "Direct Definition".
4613:"Determinant-Like Functions Produced by the Dot-Operator"
1536:
1053:
1006:, one of the APL\360 implementers, was a vice president.
333:
5648:
4935:
4804:
Bernecky, Robert; Iverson, Kenneth E. (6 October 1980).
2418:
1391:
The J source code is available from Jsoftware under the
470:, one of the first large-scale digital computers, while
1399:
The name was changed to Jsoftware Inc., in April 2000.
1170:
Determinant-Like Functions Produced by the Dot-Operator
6044:
5984:
Kovtunovich, Vasily N.; Ustjuzhanin, Petr Ya. (2015).
5983:
5681:
5013:
Dyalog APL Language Reference (version 14.0 or later)
4189:
4187:
3966:
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems
3467:"An Introduction to APL for Scientists and Engineers"
2773:. IBM Systems Development Division, Poughkeepsie, NY.
2699:. Department of Computer Science, Stanford University
973:
4880:
4648:; Metzger, Robert; Schueler, J. Henri (2 May 1983).
2820:(September 1991). "The First APL Terminal Session".
707:
and in "Appendix. Chronology of APL development" of
533:
Many people think that Aiken was interested only in
257:(17 December 1920 – 19 October 2004) was a Canadian
6045:
A Celebration of the Life of Kenneth Eugene Iverson
5299:
3400:
843:
An Introduction to APL for Scientists and Engineers
718:
APL expression for the depth of parentheses nesting
579:. The first published paper using the notation was
4184:
3361:Berry, Paul; Thorstensen, John (1973). "Starmap".
2655:(December 1991). "The IBM Family of APL Systems".
1083:used to teach IPSA clients in the use of APL, and
1052:In the 1970s and 1980s, the main APL vendors were
340:, and Jsoftware Inc. (née Iverson Software Inc.).
5069:
5067:
3211:Biancuzzi, Federico; Warden, Shane (March 2009).
2207:
1777:Iverson, Kenneth E.; McIntyre, Donald E. (2008).
7156:
6640:
4413:(1988). "APL2 Programming: Language Reference".
3360:
2041:"The Description of Finite Sequential Processes"
1013:. The language work gained impetus in 1981 when
494:in 1954 with a dissertation based on this work.
4803:
4121:Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages
3210:
1776:
1395:version 3 (GPL3), or a commercial alternative.
1091:which were used in computer science courses at
497:At Harvard, Iverson met Eoin Whitney, a 2-time
5064:
4876:
4874:
4848:
3812:
3779:
3746:
3041:Elementary Functions: An Algorithmic Treatment
2859:
2717:
2370:
2240:
1688:
818:Elementary Functions: An Algorithmic Treatment
581:The Description of Finite Sequential Processes
285:Ken Iverson was born on 17 December 1920 near
6626:
6095:
2855:
2853:
2784:
2782:
2780:
737:Conventions Governing the Order of Evaluation
4707:
4705:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
1852:Howard Aiken: Portrait of a Computer Pioneer
440:Howard Aiken: Portrait of a Computer Pioneer
4871:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4114:
3407:IFIP World Conference on Computer Education
3189:APL IV: Fourth International APL Conference
1997:
1995:
1993:
6633:
6619:
6102:
6088:
5930:Computer Pioneer Award (Charter Recipient)
5833:
5734:
5121:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4115:Hui, Roger; Kromberg, Morten (June 2020).
4110:
4108:
3997:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2850:
2777:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2065:
2059:
1877:
1830:March, Herman W.; Wolff, Henry C. (1917).
1829:
1772:
359:Iverson began school on 1 April 1926 in a
31:
7255:Canadian expatriates in the United States
6013:
5986:"New species of plume moths of the genus
5846:
5778:
5425:
5370:
5320:
5295:
5293:
5137:
5135:
5091:
4905:
4903:
4862:
4714:"The Inductive Method of Introducing APL"
4702:
4639:
4637:
4606:
4604:
4573:
4571:
4541:
4511:
4437:
4343:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4132:
4091:Eugene McDonnell Quotations and Anecdotes
3977:
3944:
3912:
3845:
3723:
3673:
3137:
3074:
3053:
2833:
2788:
2721:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (16 October 1967).
2680:
2678:
2636:
2593:
2391:
2355:
2261:
1873:
1871:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1663:
5955:
5403:
5036:
5034:
4987:"Ken Iverson's Favorite APL Expression?"
4929:
4758:
4756:
4736:
4734:
4149:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3240:
3238:
3236:
2889:
2887:
2611:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2297:Iverson, Kenneth E. (14 December 1983).
2001:
1990:
1804:Dr. Kenneth E. Iverson (J Forum message)
1401:
1232:
1220:
1216:
1097:
977:
793:
713:
633:used Iverson's notation to describe the
563:analysis, and operators in the sense of
513:
474:was an economist who was developing the
5869:
5808:
5760:
5709:
5620:
5592:
5564:
5536:
5521:
5506:
5360:
5073:
5040:
4909:
4829:
4784:
4780:
4778:
4762:
4740:
4711:
4644:Bernecky, Robert; Iverson, Kenneth E.;
4610:
4577:
4325:
4312:
4290:
4193:
4160:
4105:
3959:
3934:
3900:
3873:
3835:
3764:
3703:
3653:
3618:"Programming Notation in System Design"
3615:
3589:
3563:
3533:
3518:
3491:
3464:
3434:
3419:
3413:
3375:
3059:"The Socio-Technical Beginnings of APL"
3038:
3010:
2985:
2956:
2943:
2768:
2690:"An Interpreter for "Iverson Notation""
2651:
2579:
2567:
2552:
2501:
2407:
2380:IBM Journal of Research and Development
2327:
2296:
2229:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2092:
2038:
2034:
2032:
1962:
1905:
1800:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1643:
1406:Ken Iverson (right) and Roger Hui, 1996
1121:The Inductive Method of Introducing APL
16:Canadian computer scientist (1920–2004)
7157:
5728:
5290:
5132:
5074:Iverson, Kenneth E. (September 1988).
4900:
4712:Iverson, Kenneth E. (6 October 1980).
4677:
4634:
4601:
4568:
4535:
4462:
4326:Iverson, Kenneth E. (September 1987).
4291:Iverson, Kenneth E. (6 January 1983).
4279:
4241:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3534:Iverson, Kenneth E. (September 1978).
3320:
3034:
3032:
2920:
2747:ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award (1973):
2711:
2684:
2675:
2607:
2605:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2162:
1868:
1749:
1033:in January 1983, multiple editions of
775:so as to maximize their own APL time.
509:
7240:Queen's University at Kingston alumni
6614:
6083:
5455:
5172:
5031:
4753:
4731:
4427:
4409:
4391:
4373:
4078:
3874:Iverson, Kenneth E. (26 April 1978).
3862:
3769:. IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center.
3754:. IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center.
3654:Iverson, Kenneth E. (February 1964).
3590:Iverson, Kenneth E. (December 1962).
3274:
3233:
3172:"APL in the Atlanta Public Schools".
3104:
2884:
2816:
2514:
2460:
2244:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (August 1978).
2125:Iverson, Kenneth E. (December 1991).
1846:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1298:• Runs on a wide variety of computers
1295:• Can be printed on standard printers
887:Programming Notation in System Design
324:and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from
7185:Canadian people of Norwegian descent
6583:
6395:Telecompute Integrated Systems, Inc.
6066:Ken Iverson Quotations and Anecdotes
5397:
4775:
4741:Iverson, Kenneth E. (January 1981).
4611:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1 April 1982).
4578:Iverson, Kenneth E. (20 June 1981).
4493:
4456:
4050:
3960:Iverson, Kenneth E. (October 1979).
3816:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (March 1975).
3794:. IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center
3704:Iverson, Kenneth E. (October 1964).
3656:"Formalism in Programming Languages"
3500:. IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center
3473:. IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center
3446:. IBM Philadelphia Scientific Center
3435:Iverson, Kenneth E. (January 1972).
3335:
3246:"Iverson Receives Harry Goode Award"
2428:"A Formal Description of System/360"
2168:"The Language, the Mind and the Man"
2113:
2029:
2007:"A Conversation with Arthur Whitney"
1801:Iverson, Eric B. (21 October 2004).
1735:Ken Iverson Quotations and Anecdotes
1713:
1684:
1682:
1616:List of pioneers in computer science
1526:
1469:Language design & implementation
1144:Language design & implementation
1102:Ken Iverson and Arthur Whitney, 1989
866:Language design & implementation
347:lab on 16 October 2004, and died in
6385:Scientific Time Sharing Corporation
6309:Association for Computing Machinery
6109:
5870:Iverson, Kenneth E. (August 2006).
5812:Computers and Mathematical Notation
5267:
5238:
5209:
5178:
5122:Hodgkinson, Rob (19 October 2017).
4981:
4765:Applied Mathematics for Programmers
4680:"What's Wrong with My Programming?"
4258:
4084:
4016:
3986:
3540:Proceedings of an APL Users Meeting
3498:Technical Report Number RC 320-3014
3471:Technical Report Number RC 320-3019
3444:Technical Report Number RC 320-3010
3029:
2893:
2612:McIntyre, Donald B. (August 2006).
2602:
2475:
2374:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (July 1973).
2314:
2285:
2194:
2095:"Graduate Instruction and Research"
2039:Iverson, Kenneth E. (August 1960).
1933:
1728:
1644:Iverson, Kenneth E. (August 1980).
1564:Association for Computing Machinery
1510:Computers and Mathematical Notation
1336:Hui, a classmate of Whitney at the
1131:Applied Mathematics for Programmers
1085:Applied Mathematics for Programmers
525:Iverson stayed on at Harvard as an
386:After the war, Iverson enrolled in
13:
7245:Royal Canadian Air Force personnel
5761:Iverson, Kenneth E. (March 1994).
4810:1980 APL Users Meeting Proceedings
4718:1980 APL Users Meeting Proceedings
4395:(1984). "The Principles of APL2".
4194:Iverson, Kenneth E. (March 1983).
4167:"Practical Uses of a Model of APL"
3706:"A Method of Syntax Specification"
3465:Iverson, Kenneth E. (March 1973).
3039:Iverson, Kenneth E. (March 1966).
2795:A Source Book in APL, Introduction
2769:Horvath, Robert W. (August 1966).
1899:
1881:; Welch, Gregory W., eds. (1999).
1780:Kenneth E. Iverson (Autobiography)
1628:
974:I. P. Sharp Associates (1980–1987)
902:A Formal Description of System/360
892:Formalism in Programming Languages
735:. Two treatises from this period,
593:
14:
7266:
6029:
5076:"A Commentary on APL Development"
4785:Iverson, Kenneth E. (July 1986).
4650:"Language Extensions of May 1983"
4494:Orth, Donald L. (December 1981).
3819:APL Language (Form No. GC26-3847)
3616:Iverson, Kenneth E. (June 1963).
3492:Iverson, Kenneth E. (July 1972).
3422:Algebra: An Algorithmic Treatment
1679:
1237:Dyalog APL equivalent computation
833:Algebra: An Algorithmic Treatment
743:, are apologias of APL notation.
699:was saved at 1966-11-27 22.53.58
320:. He received a B.A. degree from
261:noted for the development of the
7215:I. P. Sharp Associates employees
7210:IBM Research computer scientists
6593:
6592:
6582:
6274:Polymorphic Programming Language
6159:
5977:
5959:Citation for Dr. Kenneth Iverson
5949:
5921:
5894:
5863:
5827:
5802:
5754:
5703:
5675:
5642:
5614:
5586:
5558:
5530:
5515:
5500:
5476:
5449:
5354:
5261:
5232:
5203:
5115:
5004:
4975:
4910:Iverson, Kenneth E. (May 1987).
4842:
4823:
4797:
4222:A Celebration of Kenneth Iverson
3564:Iverson, Kenneth E. (May 1962).
3217:. O'Reilly Media. Archived from
2771:Introduction to Iverson Notation
2555:Technical Report Number 320-2989
1342:A Dictionary of the APL Language
1175:Practical Uses of a Model of APL
1079:In education, Iverson developed
1035:A Dictionary of the APL Language
897:A Method of Syntax Specification
583:, initially Report Number 23 to
367:and there was work to do on the
6058:programming competition at the
5908:National Academy of Engineering
5740:"J Introduction and Dictionary"
4806:"Operators and Enclosed Arrays"
4678:Tuttle, Joey K. (August 2006).
4671:
4487:
4421:
4403:
4385:
4367:
4213:
4044:
4010:
3953:
3928:
3894:
3829:
3806:
3773:
3758:
3740:
3697:
3647:
3609:
3583:
3557:
3527:
3512:
3485:
3458:
3428:
3394:
3369:
3354:
3329:
3314:
3299:
3268:
3204:
3180:
3165:
3131:
3098:
3047:
3004:
2979:
2914:
2810:
2762:
2741:
2561:
2546:
2156:
2086:
2045:Symposium on Information Theory
1956:
1927:
1646:"Notation as a Tool of Thought"
1554:National Academy of Engineering
1475:A Commentary on APL Development
1190:Language Extensions of May 1983
466:Howard Aiken had developed the
457:and Gregory W. Welch, editors,
328:. In his career, he worked for
7235:Programming language designers
5738:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (1991).
5657:; McIntyre, Donald B. (1996).
4399:. IBM Santa Teresa Laboratory.
3783:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (1973).
3143:"Recreational APL, Pyramigram"
3043:. Science Research Associates.
2863:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (1968).
2211:; Iverson, Kenneth E. (1963).
1840:
1823:
1794:
1165:A Function Definition Operator
986:In 1980, Iverson left IBM for
351:on 19 October 2004 at age 83.
1:
7220:McKinsey & Company people
6347:Digital Equipment Corporation
5956:Drummond, B. (11 June 1998).
5456:Burke, Chris (2 March 2005).
5248:APL 95 Conference Proceedings
5219:APL 87 Conference Proceedings
5159:APL 90 Conference Proceedings
5051:APL 89 Conference Proceedings
4916:APL 87 Conference Proceedings
4887:APL 84 Conference Proceedings
4200:APL 83 Conference Proceedings
4171:APL 82 Conference Proceedings
3998:Steinbrook, David H. (1986).
3494:"Introducing APL to Teachers"
3321:Spence, Robert (March 1973).
2992:. Science Research Associates
2930:APL 78 Conference Proceedings
2723:"The APL\360 Terminal System"
2697:Technical Report: CS-TR-66-47
1621:
1586:In 2015, a new moth species,
1543:Harry H. Goode Memorial Award
1500:J Introduction and Dictionary
1150:Operators and Enclosed Arrays
967:Notation as a Tool of Thought
828:Using the Computer to Compute
486:computer. Iverson received a
133:Harry H. Goode Memorial Award
7230:People from Camrose, Alberta
7180:Canadian computer scientists
6398:Time Sharing Resources (TSR)
6073:APL Quotations and Anecdotes
5809:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1996).
5710:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1999).
5621:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1996).
5593:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1995).
5565:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1993).
5537:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1991).
5522:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1991).
5507:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1991).
4763:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1984).
4466:APL*PLUS Nested Array System
3765:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1973).
3519:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1976).
3420:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1972).
3376:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1969).
3112:APL Quotations and Anecdotes
3011:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1972).
2986:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1966).
2482:APL Quotations and Anecdotes
2328:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1962).
1906:Iverson, Kenneth E. (1954).
1324:One summer weekend in 1989,
952:The Role of Operators in APL
912:Communication in APL Systems
550:, MIT Press, 1999, page 141.
461:, MIT Press, 1999, page xvi.
442:, MIT Press, 1999, page 215.
409:Continuing his education at
354:
7:
6380:Science Research Associates
6036:Works by Kenneth E. Iverson
5872:"APL in the New Millennium"
4787:Mathematics and Programming
4580:"Composition and Enclosure"
3767:APL as an Analytic Notation
3275:Berry, Paul (August 2006).
2047:. Royal Institution, London
1732:, ed. (30 September 2005).
1611:Floor and ceiling functions
1594:
1136:Mathematics and Programming
1089:Mathematics and Programming
1037:between 1984 and 1987, and
922:APL as an Analytic Notation
848:Introducing APL to Teachers
10:
7271:
7195:Harvard University faculty
6413:Carnegie Mellon University
5410:"J for the APL Programmer"
4196:"APL Syntax and Semantics"
3536:"Programming Style in APL"
3379:The Use of APL in Teaching
3214:Masterminds of Programming
2759:; retrieved 14 April 2016.
2614:"A Tribute to Ken Iverson"
1393:GNU General Public License
937:Two Combinatoric Operators
823:The Use of APL in Teaching
759:. It was also used at the
297:; his ancestors came from
268:. He was honored with the
7113:
7018:
6923:
6844:
6765:
6686:
6651:
6563:
6546:
6431:
6405:
6328:
6321:
6297:
6288:
6210:
6177:
6168:
6157:
6117:
4060:The I.P. Sharp Newsletter
3876:"Operators and Functions"
3752:Technical Report 320-3022
3711:Communications of the ACM
3661:Communications of the ACM
2900:Sixteen APL Amuse-Bouches
2334:. John Wiley & Sons.
2213:Automatic Data Processing
2072:A Personal History of APL
1651:Communications of the ACM
1520:APL in the New Millennium
1229:for binomial coefficients
1160:Composition and Enclosure
813:Automatic Data Processing
769:Scotch Plains High School
696:Grace Murray Hopper Award
625:At IBM, Iverson soon met
616:Automatic Data Processing
612:Automatic Data Processing
557:Automatic Data Processing
312:, he served first in the
248:
225:
207:
178:
159:
152:
119:
101:
80:
61:
39:
30:
23:
6062:for high school students
5763:"Revisiting Rough Spots"
5689:ICFP '98 Contest Winners
5125:J Programming Forum post
5041:Iverson, Kenneth E. and
4832:SHARP APL Technical Note
4654:SHARP APL Technical Note
4617:SHARP APL Technical Note
4584:SHARP APL Technical Note
4551:SHARP APL Technical Note
4463:Cheney, Carl M. (1981).
4161:Iverson, Kenneth E. and
4053:"Dr. Kenneth E. Iverson"
3566:"A Programming Language"
3382:. IBM Pub. No. G320-0996
3336:Orth, Donald L. (1976).
3323:Resistive Circuit Theory
3277:"Expository Programming"
3174:SHARE*APL\360 Newsletter
2520:"How We Got to APL\1130"
2479:, ed. (September 2010).
2209:Brooks Jr., Frederick P.
2127:"A Personal View of APL"
2101:. Wayne State University
1456:ICFP '98 Contest Winners
1382:J for the APL Programmer
1185:APL Syntax and Semantics
858:Programming Style in APL
381:Royal Canadian Air Force
318:Royal Canadian Air Force
7175:Canadian Army personnel
6374:Micro Computer Machines
6314:British APL Association
5653:; Iverson, Kenneth E.;
5596:Concrete Math Companion
5526:. Iverson Software Inc.
5511:. Iverson Software Inc.
5427:10.1145/1151395.1151400
5303:; Iverson, Kenneth E.;
5145:; Iverson, Kenneth E.;
4397:Technical Report 03.247
4379:A Generalization of APL
4265:Remembering Ken Iverson
4227:Computer History Museum
3880:Research Report #RC7091
3308:TR No. CRB 002/513-3502
2727:Research Report RC-1922
2595:10.1145/1115910.1115911
2422:; Iverson, Kenneth E.;
2178:(3): 72. Archived from
1515:Mathematical Roots of J
1441:Concrete Math Companion
1011:Operators and Functions
957:The Derivative Operator
947:Operators and Functions
690:), and Roger Moore (of
504:
379:, while serving in the
280:
7250:Turing Award laureates
6665:Maurice Vincent Wilkes
6419:University of Maryland
6364:I. P. Sharp Associates
6125:APL syntax and symbols
5815:. Iverson Software Inc
5663:. Iverson Software Inc
5630:. Iverson Software Inc
5602:. Iverson Software Inc
5574:. Iverson Software Inc
5546:. Iverson Software Inc
5215:"Some Uses of { and }"
5191:. Iverson Software Inc
5185:An Implementation of J
5019:. Dyalog Limited. 2014
4883:"An Operator Calculus"
4791:I. P. Sharp Associates
4769:I. P. Sharp Associates
4747:I. P. Sharp Associates
4743:A SHARP APL Minicourse
4299:I. P. Sharp Associates
4004:I. P. Sharp Associates
3544:I. P. Sharp Associates
2331:A Programming Language
2246:"The Evolution of APL"
2067:Montalbano, Michael S.
1690:Campbell-Kelly, Martin
1590:, was named after him.
1570:Computer Pioneer Award
1505:Revisiting Rough Spots
1495:A Personal View of APL
1407:
1334:
1318:An Implementation of J
1311:
1238:
1230:
1126:A SHARP APL Minicourse
1108:I. P. Sharp Associates
1103:
1081:A SHARP APL Minicourse
988:I. P. Sharp Associates
983:
877:A Programming Language
872:A Programming Language
799:
753:Swarthmore High School
719:
692:I. P. Sharp Associates
631:A Programming Language
620:A Programming Language
608:A Programming Language
577:McKinsey & Company
573:higher-order functions
553:
522:
464:
445:
338:I. P. Sharp Associates
255:Kenneth Eugene Iverson
196:I. P. Sharp Associates
144:Computer Pioneer Award
6060:University of Alberta
6015:10.5733/afin.056.0110
5994:African Invertebrates
5935:IEEE Computer Society
5903:NAE Members Directory
5848:10.1145/316689.316698
5780:10.1145/181983.181986
5372:10.1145/114054.114065
5322:10.1145/114054.114077
5244:"Rank and Uniformity"
5093:10.1145/379279.379330
4864:10.1145/390007.805349
4513:10.1145/586656.586662
4439:10.1145/800142.805376
4328:"A Dictionary of APL"
4088:, ed. (14 May 2009).
4051:IPSA (January 1980).
3979:10.1145/357073.357074
3946:10.1145/800136.804486
3914:10.1145/800136.804450
3847:10.1145/800114.803681
3785:"APLSV User's Manual"
3725:10.1145/364888.364969
3675:10.1145/363921.363933
3338:Calculus in a New Key
3105:Goldsmith, Leslie H.
3076:10.1145/586148.586155
2866:APL\360 User's Manual
2835:10.1145/138094.140933
2424:Sussenguth, Edward H.
2300:Letter to J.K. Tuttle
2263:10.1145/960118.808372
1665:10.1145/358896.358899
1574:IEEE Computer Society
1572:(Charter recipient),
1547:IEEE Computer Society
1405:
1338:University of Alberta
1330:AT&T 3B1 computer
1322:
1309:, first reported in .
1286:
1236:
1224:
1217:Jsoftware (1990–2004)
1101:
981:
907:APL\360 User's Manual
797:
741:Algebra as a Language
717:
705:APL\360 User's Manual
688:University of Alberta
531:
517:
446:
427:
274:mathematical notation
106:Programming languages
6578:Open-source software
6524:Edward H. Sussenguth
6391:Soliton Incorporated
6335:Analogic Corporation
5315:. pp. 202–211.
4432:. pp. 286–290.
3939:. pp. 347–354.
3907:. pp. 128–133.
3840:. pp. 233–237.
2164:Brooks, Frederick P.
1692:(16 November 2004).
1579:Honorary doctorate,
1305:The result has been
1195:An Operator Calculus
982:APL rank operator ⍤
942:The Evolution of APL
765:Lower Canada College
749:Fox Lane High School
733:The Evolution of APL
567:in his treatment of
544:Frederick Brooks Jr.
289:, a town in central
263:programming language
7054:Michael Stonebraker
6852:Fernando J. Corbató
6006:2015AfrIn..56..137K
5713:Math for the Layman
5271:(27 January 2006).
5182:(27 January 1992).
4985:(3 December 2014).
4951:10.1145/75144.75170
4345:10.1145/36983.36984
3622:IBM Systems Journal
3521:Elementary Analysis
3437:"APL in Exposition"
2897:(11 October 2014).
2669:10.1147/sj.304.0416
2657:IBM Systems Journal
2582:ACM SIGPLAN Notices
2530:(3). Archived from
2435:IBM Systems Journal
2393:10.1147/rd.174.0324
2376:"The Design of APL"
2250:ACM SIGPLAN Notices
2143:10.1147/sj.304.0582
2131:IBM Systems Journal
1461:Math for the Layman
1378:A Dictionary of APL
1354:A Dictionary of APL
1205:A Dictionary of APL
1043:A Dictionary of APL
1039:A Dictionary of APL
927:APLSV User's Manual
853:Elementary Analysis
648:Stanford University
569:Maxwell's equations
527:assistant professor
521:in Iverson notation
510:Harvard (1955–1960)
492:applied mathematics
7009:Charles P. Thacker
6874:Richard E. Stearns
6756:Kenneth E. Iverson
6706:Edsger W. Dijkstra
6694:James H. Wilkinson
6642:A. M. Turing Award
6485:Kenneth E. Iverson
6473:Patrick E. Hagerty
6050:Collected Eulogies
5841:. pp. 21–30.
5408:(September 1996).
5365:. pp. 88–93.
5309:"Tacit definition"
4417:. IBM Corporation.
4229:. 30 November 2004
4165:(September 1982).
3634:10.1147/sj.22.0117
3176:(3). October 1969.
3141:(September 1980).
2688:(17 August 1966).
2456:on 13 August 2006.
2447:10.1147/sj.32.0198
1914:Harvard University
1811:on 25 January 2020
1408:
1271:(x f y) g (x h y)
1239:
1231:
1104:
984:
800:
720:
610:and (with Brooks)
523:
476:input–output model
411:Harvard University
388:Queen's University
373:De Forest Training
326:Harvard University
322:Queen's University
259:computer scientist
186:Harvard University
93:Harvard University
88:Queen's University
25:Kenneth E. Iverson
7152:
7151:
7026:Leslie G. Valiant
6902:Douglas Engelbart
6880:Edward Feigenbaum
6608:
6607:
6559:
6558:
6534:William Yerazunis
6517:J. Henri Schueler
6476:Herbert Hellerman
6427:
6426:
6284:
6283:
5655:McDonnell, Eugene
5305:McDonnell, Eugene
5147:McDonnell, Eugene
4646:McDonnell, Eugene
4547:"Complex Numbers"
4543:McDonnell, Eugene
4262:(November 2014).
4163:Arthur T. Whitney
3424:. Addison-Wesley.
3347:978-0-917326-05-9
3139:McDonnell, Eugene
3057:(December 1979).
3055:McDonnell, Eugene
2962:"APL\360 History"
2924:(29 March 1978).
2790:McDonnell, Eugene
2686:Abrams, Philip S.
2341:978-0-471-43014-8
2222:978-0-471-10599-2
2005:(February 2009).
1968:"Memories of Ken"
1892:978-0-262-03263-6
1879:Cohen, I. Bernard
1861:978-0-262-03262-9
1848:Cohen, I. Bernard
1694:"Kenneth Iverson"
1588:Agdistis iversoni
1527:Awards and honors
1371:tacit expressions
1352:J initially took
1275:
1274:
1155:Direct Definition
917:The Design of APL
838:APL in Exposition
729:The Design of APL
709:The Design of APL
519:Simplex algorithm
396:Bachelor's degree
392:Kingston, Ontario
252:
251:
154:Scientific career
7262:
7076:John L. Hennessy
7064:Whitfield Diffie
7038:Shafi Goldwasser
6993:E. Allen Emerson
6989:Edmund M. Clarke
6734:Michael O. Rabin
6728:Herbert A. Simon
6635:
6628:
6621:
6612:
6611:
6596:
6595:
6586:
6585:
6495:Eugene McDonnell
6326:
6325:
6295:
6294:
6175:
6174:
6163:
6151:Shared Variables
6104:
6097:
6090:
6081:
6080:
6023:
6022:
6017:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5867:
5861:
5860:
5850:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5782:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5629:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5601:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5573:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5545:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5524:Programming in J
5519:
5513:
5512:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5488:. Jsoftware, Inc
5480:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5464:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5429:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5374:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5324:
5297:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5190:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5095:
5071:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5043:Eugene McDonnell
5038:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4907:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4878:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4760:
4751:
4750:
4738:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4641:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4575:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4545:(20 June 1981).
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4515:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4471:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4441:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4347:
4323:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4294:Rationalized APL
4288:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4256:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4191:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4158:
4147:
4146:
4136:
4117:"APL Since 1978"
4112:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4057:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3871:
3860:
3859:
3849:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3814:Falkoff, Adin D.
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3789:
3781:Falkoff, Adin D.
3777:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3748:Falkoff, Adin D.
3744:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3677:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3441:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3403:Falkoff, Adin D.
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3242:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3115:. Archived from
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3078:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3017:. Addison-Wesley
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2958:Falkoff, Adin D.
2954:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2861:Falkoff, Adin D.
2857:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2786:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2760:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2719:Falkoff, Adin D.
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2694:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2653:Falkoff, Adin D.
2649:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2577:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2534:on 18 March 2016
2512:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2485:. Archived from
2473:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2449:. Archived from
2432:
2420:Falkoff, Adin D.
2416:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2372:Falkoff, Adin D.
2368:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2325:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2265:
2242:Falkoff, Adin D.
2238:
2227:
2226:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2182:on 17 March 2018
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2122:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2069:(October 1982).
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1912:(Ph.D. thesis).
1903:
1897:
1896:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1807:. Archived from
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1774:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1726:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1641:
1490:Tacit Definition
1426:Programming in J
1279:Eugene McDonnell
1268: ←→
1254: ←→
1251: (f g h) y
1245:
1244:
1180:Rationalized APL
1031:Rationalized APL
1000:Eugene McDonnell
761:Hotchkiss School
551:
472:Wassily Leontief
462:
455:I. Bernard Cohen
443:
436:I. Bernard Cohen
423:Wassily Leontief
365:Great Depression
316:and then in the
240:Wassily Leontief
227:Doctoral advisor
221:
170:Computer science
135:
68:
54:Camrose, Alberta
50:17 December 1920
49:
47:
35:
21:
20:
7270:
7269:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7148:
7137:Robert Metcalfe
7109:
7090:Geoffrey Hinton
7080:David Patterson
7070:Tim Berners-Lee
7014:
6955:Leonard Adleman
6941:Kristen Nygaard
6919:
6870:Juris Hartmanis
6840:
6829:Ivan Sutherland
6761:
6750:Robert W. Floyd
6712:Charles Bachman
6682:
6671:Richard Hamming
6647:
6639:
6609:
6604:
6581:
6555:
6542:
6454:Charles Brenner
6423:
6401:
6317:
6300:
6280:
6206:
6170:Implementations
6164:
6155:
6141:Iverson bracket
6130:Direct function
6113:
6111:APL programming
6108:
6075:
6068:
6057:
6032:
6027:
6026:
5982:
5978:
5968:
5966:
5964:York University
5954:
5950:
5940:
5938:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5912:
5910:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5885:
5883:
5868:
5864:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5816:
5807:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5759:
5755:
5745:
5743:
5742:. Jsoftware Inc
5733:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5716:. JSoftware Inc
5708:
5704:
5694:
5692:
5680:
5676:
5666:
5664:
5647:
5643:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5591:
5587:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5535:
5531:
5520:
5516:
5505:
5501:
5491:
5489:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5454:
5450:
5440:
5438:
5402:
5398:
5383:
5359:
5355:
5345:
5343:
5333:
5307:(August 1991).
5298:
5291:
5281:
5279:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5250:
5237:
5233:
5223:
5221:
5208:
5204:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5177:
5173:
5163:
5161:
5151:Whitney, Arthur
5140:
5133:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5072:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5047:"Phrasal Forms"
5045:(August 1989).
5039:
5032:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5005:
4995:
4993:
4980:
4976:
4961:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4918:
4908:
4901:
4891:
4889:
4879:
4872:
4847:
4843:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4802:
4798:
4783:
4776:
4761:
4754:
4739:
4732:
4722:
4720:
4710:
4703:
4693:
4691:
4676:
4672:
4662:
4660:
4642:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4609:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4576:
4569:
4559:
4557:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4469:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4426:
4422:
4411:Brown, James A.
4408:
4404:
4393:Brown, James A.
4390:
4386:
4375:Brown, James A.
4372:
4368:
4358:
4356:
4324:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4289:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4257:
4242:
4232:
4230:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4192:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4159:
4150:
4134:10.1145/3386319
4127:(HOPL): 1–108.
4113:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4020:(August 2010).
4015:
4011:
3996:
3987:
3958:
3954:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3872:
3863:
3834:
3830:
3822:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3787:
3778:
3774:
3763:
3759:
3745:
3741:
3718:(10): 588–589.
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3532:
3528:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3418:
3414:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3334:
3330:
3319:
3315:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3244:
3243:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3052:
3048:
3037:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2955:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2922:Perlis, Alan J.
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2892:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2858:
2851:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2787:
2778:
2767:
2763:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2683:
2676:
2650:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2610:
2603:
2566:
2562:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2518:(August 2006).
2513:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2474:
2461:
2453:
2430:
2417:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2369:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2326:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2239:
2230:
2223:
2206:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2166:(August 2006).
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2123:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2003:Cantrill, Bryan
2000:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1966:(August 2006).
1964:Whitney, Arthur
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1937:(August 2012).
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1727:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1699:The Independent
1687:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1642:
1629:
1624:
1606:Iverson bracket
1597:
1581:York University
1529:
1524:
1465:
1219:
1214:
1140:
976:
971:
862:
751:, and later in
725:APL\360 History
664:Charles Brenner
650:which included
598:Iverson joined
596:
594:IBM (1960–1980)
552:
542:
512:
507:
484:Harvard Mark IV
463:
453:
444:
434:
415:Master's degree
361:one-room school
357:
283:
244:
219:
203:
174:
148:
131:
97:
81:Alma mater
76:
70:
66:
65:19 October 2004
57:
51:
45:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7268:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7146:
7140:
7134:
7128:
7125:Jeffrey Ullman
7117:
7115:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7097:
7083:
7073:
7067:
7060:Martin Hellman
7057:
7051:
7048:Leslie Lamport
7045:
7035:
7029:
7022:
7020:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7006:
7003:Barbara Liskov
7000:
6997:Joseph Sifakis
6986:
6980:
6974:
6964:
6958:
6944:
6937:Ole-Johan Dahl
6934:
6927:
6925:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6911:
6905:
6899:
6893:
6887:
6877:
6867:
6864:Butler Lampson
6861:
6855:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6832:
6826:
6820:
6810:
6804:
6798:
6795:Dennis Ritchie
6788:
6782:
6776:
6769:
6767:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6753:
6747:
6741:
6731:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6703:
6697:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6648:
6638:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6615:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6573:
6571:= discontinued
6564:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6532:
6530:Arthur Whitney
6527:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6499:Robert Metzger
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6388:
6382:
6377:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6344:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6330:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6305:
6303:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6254:
6248:
6242:
6235:
6229:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6198:
6193:
6185:
6181:
6179:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6114:
6107:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6031:
6030:External links
6028:
6025:
6024:
6000:(1): 137–139.
5976:
5948:
5920:
5893:
5862:
5826:
5801:
5767:APL Quote Quad
5753:
5727:
5702:
5682:Burke, Chris;
5674:
5649:Burke, Chris;
5641:
5624:Exploring Math
5613:
5585:
5557:
5529:
5514:
5499:
5475:
5448:
5414:APL Quote Quad
5404:Burke, Chris;
5396:
5381:
5353:
5331:
5289:
5273:"The TAO of J"
5260:
5231:
5202:
5171:
5131:
5114:
5080:APL Quote Quad
5063:
5030:
5003:
4974:
4959:
4945:(4): 184–189.
4939:APL Quote Quad
4928:
4899:
4870:
4851:APL Quote Quad
4841:
4822:
4796:
4774:
4752:
4730:
4701:
4670:
4633:
4600:
4567:
4534:
4500:APL Quote Quad
4486:
4455:
4448:
4420:
4402:
4384:
4366:
4332:APL Quote Quad
4311:
4278:
4240:
4212:
4183:
4148:
4104:
4077:
4043:
4009:
3985:
3972:(2): 161–176.
3952:
3927:
3893:
3861:
3828:
3805:
3772:
3757:
3739:
3696:
3646:
3628:(2): 117–128.
3608:
3582:
3556:
3526:
3511:
3484:
3457:
3427:
3412:
3393:
3368:
3353:
3346:
3328:
3313:
3298:
3267:
3256:(2). June 1975
3250:APL Quote Quad
3232:
3221:on 5 July 2018
3203:
3179:
3164:
3147:APL Quote Quad
3130:
3119:on 5 July 2018
3097:
3063:APL Quote Quad
3046:
3028:
3003:
2978:
2942:
2913:
2883:
2849:
2822:APL Quote Quad
2809:
2792:, ed. (1981).
2776:
2761:
2740:
2710:
2674:
2663:(4): 416–432.
2635:
2601:
2570:APL Quote Quad
2560:
2545:
2500:
2489:on 5 July 2018
2459:
2441:(3): 198–261.
2406:
2386:(4): 324–334.
2354:
2340:
2313:
2284:
2228:
2221:
2193:
2155:
2137:(4): 582–593.
2112:
2085:
2058:
2028:
1989:
1955:
1926:
1898:
1891:
1883:Makin' Numbers
1867:
1860:
1839:
1836:. McGraw-Hill.
1822:
1793:
1748:
1712:
1678:
1658:(8): 444–465.
1626:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1550:
1540:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Exploring Math
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1363:Arthur Whitney
1340:, had studied
1326:Arthur Whitney
1303:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1257:(f y) g (h y)
1255:
1252:
1249:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1015:Arthur Whitney
975:
972:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
867:
863:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
808:
804:
668:Pomona College
643:IBM System/360
595:
592:
548:Makin' Numbers
540:
511:
508:
506:
503:
468:Harvard Mark I
459:Makin' Numbers
451:
432:
356:
353:
282:
279:
250:
249:
246:
245:
243:
242:
237:
231:
229:
223:
222:
211:
205:
204:
202:
201:
200:Jsoftware Inc.
198:
193:
188:
182:
180:
176:
175:
173:
172:
167:
163:
161:
157:
156:
150:
149:
147:
146:
141:
136:
129:
123:
121:
117:
116:
103:
102:Known for
99:
98:
96:
95:
90:
84:
82:
78:
77:
71:
69:(aged 83)
63:
59:
58:
52:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7267:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7200:IBM employees
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7144:
7143:Avi Wigderson
7141:
7138:
7135:
7132:
7131:Jack Dongarra
7129:
7126:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7112:
7105:
7101:
7098:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7086:Yoshua Bengio
7084:
7081:
7077:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7046:
7043:
7042:Silvio Micali
7039:
7036:
7033:
7030:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7017:
7010:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6983:Frances Allen
6981:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6922:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6835:William Kahan
6833:
6830:
6827:
6824:
6821:
6818:
6817:Robert Tarjan
6814:
6813:John Hopcroft
6811:
6808:
6805:
6802:
6801:Niklaus Wirth
6799:
6796:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6779:Edgar F. Codd
6777:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6725:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6701:
6700:John McCarthy
6698:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6678:
6677:Marvin Minsky
6675:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6643:
6636:
6631:
6629:
6624:
6622:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6601:
6600:
6591:
6590:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6552:
6551:Iverson Award
6549:
6548:
6545:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6490:Dick Lathwell
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6322:Organizations
6320:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6162:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6105:
6100:
6098:
6093:
6091:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5989:
5980:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5952:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5924:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5897:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5866:
5858:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5830:
5814:
5813:
5805:
5790:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5757:
5741:
5737:
5731:
5715:
5714:
5706:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5678:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5652:
5645:
5626:
5625:
5617:
5598:
5597:
5589:
5570:
5569:
5561:
5542:
5541:
5533:
5525:
5518:
5510:
5509:Tangible Math
5503:
5487:
5486:
5479:
5461:
5460:
5452:
5437:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5400:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5264:
5249:
5245:
5242:(June 1995).
5241:
5235:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5160:
5156:
5153:(July 1990).
5152:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5127:
5126:
5118:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5068:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5037:
5035:
5015:
5014:
5007:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4932:
4917:
4913:
4906:
4904:
4888:
4884:
4877:
4875:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4845:
4837:
4833:
4826:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4779:
4770:
4766:
4759:
4757:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4735:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4706:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4638:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4605:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4572:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4490:
4475:
4468:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4449:0-89791-035-4
4445:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4406:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4216:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4188:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4109:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4013:
4005:
4001:
4000:SAX Reference
3994:
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3990:
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3423:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3401:Berry, Paul;
3397:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3363:TR No. 02.665
3357:
3349:
3343:
3340:. APL Press.
3339:
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3016:
3015:
3007:
2991:
2990:
2982:
2967:
2963:
2960:(July 1969).
2959:
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2578:Reprinted in
2575:
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2100:
2096:
2089:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1885:. MIT Press.
1884:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1857:
1854:. MIT Press.
1853:
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1601:Iverson Award
1599:
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1480:Phrasal Forms
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1421:Tangible Math
1419:
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1404:
1400:
1396:
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1096:
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1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
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1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:rank operator
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:Dick Lathwell
993:
989:
980:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
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953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
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938:
935:
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928:
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918:
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895:
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890:
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849:
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839:
836:
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766:
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742:
738:
734:
730:
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716:
712:
710:
706:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:Dick Lathwell
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
640:
639:Ed Sussenguth
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
591:
588:
586:
582:
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574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
549:
545:
539:
536:
530:
528:
520:
516:
502:
500:
499:Putnam Fellow
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
460:
456:
450:
441:
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314:Canadian Army
311:
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55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
7104:Pat Hanrahan
6858:Robin Milner
6807:Richard Karp
6791:Ken Thompson
6785:Stephen Cook
6755:
6724:Allen Newell
6718:Donald Knuth
6597:
6587:
6575:
6570:
6567:
6513:John Scholes
6484:
6469:Adin Falkoff
6444:Bob Bernecky
6301:associations
6299:Professional
6272:
6244:
6237:
6232:
6224:
6220:
6200:
6195:
6188:
6055:Iverson Exam
6040:Open Library
6019:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5979:
5967:. Retrieved
5958:
5951:
5939:. Retrieved
5929:
5923:
5911:. Retrieved
5902:
5896:
5884:. Retrieved
5879:
5875:
5865:
5838:
5829:
5817:. Retrieved
5811:
5804:
5792:. Retrieved
5773:(3): 13–16.
5770:
5766:
5756:
5744:. Retrieved
5730:
5718:. Retrieved
5712:
5705:
5693:. Retrieved
5688:
5677:
5665:. Retrieved
5659:
5644:
5632:. Retrieved
5623:
5616:
5604:. Retrieved
5595:
5588:
5576:. Retrieved
5567:
5560:
5548:. Retrieved
5539:
5532:
5523:
5517:
5508:
5502:
5490:. Retrieved
5484:
5478:
5466:. Retrieved
5458:
5451:
5439:. Retrieved
5420:(1): 11–17.
5417:
5413:
5399:
5362:
5356:
5344:. Retrieved
5312:
5280:. Retrieved
5277:J Wiki Essay
5276:
5263:
5251:. Retrieved
5247:
5234:
5222:. Retrieved
5218:
5213:(May 1987).
5205:
5193:. Retrieved
5184:
5174:
5162:. Retrieved
5158:
5124:
5117:
5105:. Retrieved
5083:
5079:
5054:. Retrieved
5050:
5021:. Retrieved
5012:
5006:
4994:. Retrieved
4990:
4977:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4919:. Retrieved
4915:
4890:. Retrieved
4886:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4813:. Retrieved
4809:
4799:
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4764:
4742:
4721:. Retrieved
4717:
4692:. Retrieved
4687:
4683:
4673:
4661:. Retrieved
4657:
4653:
4624:. Retrieved
4620:
4616:
4591:. Retrieved
4587:
4583:
4558:. Retrieved
4554:
4550:
4537:
4525:. Retrieved
4503:
4499:
4489:
4465:
4458:
4429:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4357:. Retrieved
4335:
4331:
4302:. Retrieved
4293:
4269:. Retrieved
4264:
4231:. Retrieved
4221:
4215:
4203:. Retrieved
4199:
4174:. Retrieved
4170:
4124:
4120:
4095:. Retrieved
4090:
4080:
4068:. Retrieved
4063:
4059:
4046:
4034:. Retrieved
4029:
4025:
4022:"On Average"
4012:
3999:
3969:
3965:
3955:
3936:
3930:
3918:. Retrieved
3903:
3896:
3884:. Retrieved
3879:
3837:
3831:
3818:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3791:
3775:
3766:
3760:
3751:
3742:
3715:
3709:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3668:(2): 80–88.
3665:
3659:
3649:
3637:. Retrieved
3625:
3621:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3595:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3539:
3529:
3523:. APL Press.
3520:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3497:
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3470:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3443:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3406:
3396:
3384:. Retrieved
3378:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3337:
3331:
3322:
3316:
3307:
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3284:
3280:
3270:
3258:. Retrieved
3253:
3249:
3223:. Retrieved
3219:the original
3213:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3188:
3182:
3173:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3150:
3146:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3117:the original
3111:
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3066:
3062:
3049:
3040:
3019:. Retrieved
3013:
3006:
2994:. Retrieved
2988:
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
2965:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2899:
2874:. Retrieved
2865:
2825:
2821:
2818:Breed, Larry
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2794:
2770:
2764:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2726:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2696:
2660:
2656:
2626:. Retrieved
2621:
2617:
2588:(4): 29–40.
2585:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2554:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:the original
2527:
2523:
2516:Breed, Larry
2491:. Retrieved
2487:the original
2481:
2451:the original
2438:
2434:
2397:. Retrieved
2383:
2379:
2345:. Retrieved
2330:
2304:. Retrieved
2299:
2275:. Retrieved
2256:(8): 47–57.
2253:
2249:
2212:
2184:. Retrieved
2180:the original
2175:
2171:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2134:
2130:
2103:. Retrieved
2098:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2071:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2044:
2019:. Retrieved
2014:
2010:
1980:. Retrieved
1975:
1971:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1908:
1901:
1882:
1851:
1842:
1832:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:the original
1803:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1779:
1739:. Retrieved
1734:
1703:. Retrieved
1697:
1669:. Retrieved
1655:
1649:
1587:
1560:Turing Award
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1409:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1240:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1105:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1010:
1008:
992:time-sharing
985:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
932:APL Language
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
801:
789:Turing Award
784:Jeff Shallit
777:
757:NASA Goddard
745:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:
708:
704:
672:
630:
627:Adin Falkoff
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
600:IBM Research
597:
589:
580:
556:
554:
547:
534:
532:
524:
496:
465:
458:
447:
439:
428:
419:Howard Aiken
408:
385:
377:World War II
358:
342:
310:World War II
307:
295:North Dakota
284:
270:Turing Award
254:
253:
235:Howard Aiken
213:
179:Institutions
153:
139:Turing Award
67:(2004-10-19)
18:
7205:IBM Fellows
7170:2004 deaths
7165:1920 births
7032:Judea Pearl
6914:Fred Brooks
6896:Amir Pnueli
6890:Manuel Blum
6744:John Backus
6659:Alan Perlis
6538:Rodnay Zaks
6508:Alan Perlis
6503:Roger Moore
6459:Fred Brooks
6449:Larry Breed
6439:Phil Abrams
6355:Dyalog Ltd.
6352:DNA Systems
6203:→ NARS2000°
4991:Dyalog Blog
4857:: 142–145.
4338:(1): 5–40.
3962:"Operators"
3365:. IBM Corp.
3310:. IBM Corp.
3192:. June 1972
2798:. APL Press
2557:. IBM Corp.
1943:Jwiki Essay
1741:12 February
1705:15 December
1556:(USA), 1979
1265:x (f g h) y
1093:T.H. Twente
1004:Roger Moore
679:Phil Abrams
675:Larry Breed
660:Roger Moore
656:Phil Abrams
652:Larry Breed
604:Fred Brooks
480:Nobel prize
400:mathematics
369:family farm
166:Mathematics
7159:Categories
7121:Alfred Aho
7100:Ed Catmull
7094:Yann LeCun
6977:Peter Naur
6951:Adi Shamir
6947:Ron Rivest
6931:Andrew Yao
6823:John Cocke
6773:Tony Hoare
6738:Dana Scott
6369:Kx Systems
6342:CompuServe
6231:APLNext →
6184:Dyalog APL
6136:Code pages
5835:Hui, Roger
5736:Hui, Roger
5684:Hui, Roger
5651:Hui, Roger
5540:Arithmetic
5406:Hui, Roger
5382:0897914414
5332:0897914414
5301:Hui, Roger
5269:Hui, Roger
5240:Hui, Roger
5211:Hui, Roger
5180:Hui, Roger
5143:Hui, Roger
5086:(1): 3–8.
4983:Hui, Roger
4960:0897913272
4477:Retrieved
4474:STSC, Inc.
4260:Hui, Roger
4086:Hui, Roger
4018:Hui, Roger
3107:Hui, Roger
2895:Hui, Roger
2828:(1): 2–4.
2477:Hui, Roger
1935:Hui, Roger
1730:Hui, Roger
1622:References
1533:IBM Fellow
1431:Arithmetic
1227:tacit verb
780:IBM Fellow
535:scientific
127:IBM Fellow
46:1920-12-17
6967:Vint Cerf
6884:Raj Reddy
6645:laureates
6520:Bob Smith
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