283:. Before her death in 1894, she inculcated her daughters, especially Katharine as the eldest, with the importance of a college education. In her will, Caroline Houghton did not name a legal guardian for her daughters, preferring that they be independent to pursue their own aspirations. After her death, the girls' education remained a point of contention between the sisters and their uncle, Amory Houghton Jr. (1837–1909), the family patriarch and president of Corning Glass. While Amory believed young women belonged in
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538:
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31:
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could be vitriolic enough to cause her friends to suggest she take the newspaper to court for calumny. At times, bricks or rocks were thrown through the windows of the
Hepburn house. Nevertheless, Hepburn remained active in reform movements for the rest of her life, especially in the branches of
648:
In 2006, her alma mater Bryn Mawr opened the
Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center in honor of Hepburn and her daughter, actress Katharine Hepburn, who graduated in 1928. The Center "inspires Bryn Mawr students and graduates to make a meaningful impact on the world."
321:
Hepburn became interested in the suffrage movement and consequently co-founded the
Hartford Equal Franchise League in 1909. The following year, this organization was absorbed into the Connecticut Woman's Suffrage Association and became a branch of the
426:. Coughlin's on-air ministry coupled with the fact that Hepburn's daughter Katharine had by that time established a film career in Hollywood, led newspapers to announce the event under the headline "Radio Father v. Movie Ma." Coughlin condemned
405:
In her long public career she had learned great efficiency and she never let our witnesses run over their time. Just as we were swinging along briskly she invariably tugged at a coat and passed over a little slip – 'time up in one
529:, a bishop in the Methodist Episcopal church and IWW supporter, was called before the HUAC to explain his associations with communists, like Hepburn, and his links through her with the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.
618:
During the early 1930s, Hepburn home-schooled her two younger daughters, Marion and
Margaret. Marion considered her mother "a natural-born teacher" who was "never happier than when introducing us children to some new book or idea."
505:
357:
interview, Paul recalled
Hepburn as "the unquestioned leader of the suffragists . . . in Connecticut." She was elected to serve as legislative chairman of the organization's National Executive Committee.
512:
198:. In 1923 Hepburn formed the Connecticut Branch of the American Birth Control League with two of her friends, Mrs. George Day and Mrs. M. Toscan Bennett. She was the mother and namesake of actress
515:
as suspicious. The HUAC report reads "the overwhelming preponderance of fellow travelers on the
National Committee to Combat Anti-Semitism is convincing proof of Communist infiltration."
2558:
470:." She said to a Time Magazine journalist, "I don't think leaned toward Communism. Mother did." Aside from her work and family, she enjoyed political debate, current events,
422:
to rally on behalf of a bill which would allow doctors to disseminate contraceptive information. Among those speaking against birth control was popular
Catholic radio priest
1520:
2619:
398:
2665:
2463:
486:, and golf. She did not care for movies, preferring instead the theatre. Her daughter Katharine mused that it was "curious that Fate gave her a movie-queen daughter."
954:, Suffragists Oral History Project, interview conducted by Amelia Fry. Online transcript, p. 330. Copyright 1976 and 2011, The Regents of the University of California
2522:
333:
to "seek some expression of the
President of his attitude on the woman suffrage question." Earlier that year, Hepburn had played host to famed British suffragette,
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638:
which provides emergency funding for the cause of reproductive rights. The regional
Southern New England chapter of Planned Parenthood also sponsors a fund, the
546:
1245:
2578:
1259:
362:
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290:
Despite consistent opposition from the
Houghton family, she was able to realize the promise she had made to her mother; Katharine Houghton graduated from
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2655:
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305:
in chemistry and physics the following year, although biographer Barbara Leaming claims Houghton's degree was in art history. She then briefly attended
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1493:
741:
2660:
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1513:
1190:
Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States: Hearings Before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Part 9, Vol.2
937:
434:
afterward published an article noting the success of the Hepburn/Sanger birth control propaganda in yielding favorable local results for its cause.
2598:
2573:
1365:
2769:
2553:
1424:
642:, "named in memory of two lifelong advocates of reproductive freedom." The Society offers membership to those who make a financial contribution.
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1054:
519:
415:
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2804:
2588:
1506:
1154:
LIFE Magazine, January 22, 1940, "The Hepburns: Seven members of a fabulous Hartford family express themselves at any cost", Jensen, Oliver
709:
323:
230:
glass works. She was named in part after her maternal grandmother, Martha Ann Spaulding Garlinghouse. Katharine had two younger sisters,
2779:
2764:
676:
389:
organizer. Sanger, a New York native, remembered Hepburn as "the Kathy Houghton of my Corning childhood." Together they founded the
373:. Though Dr. Hepburn supported his wife's work, he did not wish that she campaign for office. She subsequently declined the offer.
867:
1118:
Robert Hepburn as quoted in Mann, p. 52. "Mother was thrilled when Lenin took over Russia. She essentially became a communist."
500:
One early HUAC citation, from 1939, names Hepburn as one of "the overwhelming preponderance of fellow travelers" composing the
191:
2809:
2784:
1085:
1145:
Andersen, Christopher, Young Kate: The Remarkable Hepburns and the Childhood that Shaped a Legend, Henry Holt & Co, 1988
329:
As president of the CWSA, Hepburn represented the state of Connecticut as part of a 1913 deputation that met with President
1311:
705:
608:
501:
1529:
1208:
Communist Methods of Infiltration: Hearings Before the Committee on Un-American Activities, p. 3664, Oxnam Exhibit No. 18
1181:
Investigation of Un-American Activities and Propaganda Report of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, p. 1172
1416:
345:
In 1917, she resigned as CWSA president, declaring the Association to be "old-fashioned and supine." She instead joined
1041:"'Radio Priest Backs Birth Control Ban,'The Escanaba Daily Press, Michigan, January 19, 1934. Accessed August 26, 2011"
573:. He maintained a practice at the Hospital for approximately 50 years. The family took up their primary residence in
2799:
1009:
851:
802:
774:
1266:
550:
366:
264:. Thus, Houghton and her sisters were raised in a household that championed women's education and the ideas of the
254:
645:
In 1994, Hepburn was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame and included in the field of "Reformers."
438:
386:
581:, where they summered. Together, Katharine and Thomas had six children over the course of 16 years, including:
1877:
1474:
1400:
390:
1040:
1417:"'Dr. Thomas Hepburn & Son: A Father's Day Remembrance,' Stacey Stowe, Hartford Courant, June 16, 1996"
1392:
745:
466:. Talking about her parents to a Good Housekeeping reporter, Hepburn was described by her daughter as a "
381:
Having concluded her suffrage work, Hepburn allied herself with birth control advocate Margaret Sanger, a
1459:
916:
895:
242:
1789:
2794:
2789:
2712:
1831:
574:
423:
74:
1452:"The Hippest Shusher - Margaret 'Peg' Hepburn Perry" article, September 2007 - Oliver Walcott Library"
1428:
511:
In May 1944, a HUAC reports Hepburn as one of "11 prominent American leaders" whose membership on the
578:
350:
195:
1062:
1055:"'Medicine: Birth Controllers on Parade,' TIME magazine, January 29, 1934. Accessed August 26, 2011"
1957:
1613:
1408:
1401:"Backstage with Sanger and Hepburn" Newsletter article, Fall 2003 - Margaret Sanger Papers Project"
246:
1336:
218:. Her family and friends familiarly referred to her as "Kit". She was the daughter of Caroline (
2517:
2160:
1653:
1583:
1451:
794:
788:
658:
238:
1444:"For Katharine Hepburn, It All Began at Johns Hopkins" article, Hopkins Medical News, Fall 2002"
313:, her sisters, Edith and Marion, received degrees from Bryn Mawr in 1901 and 1906 respectively.
2134:
2030:
1867:
1443:
701:
526:
1136:
Good Housekeeping, Sept. 1986, "Dad was a dyed-in-the-wool socialist. Mother was a communist."
279:, leaving Caroline to raise their three children. Not long after, Caroline was diagnosed with
2344:
2082:
2014:
1898:
1738:
1733:
1728:
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1658:
1603:
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562:
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but did not. Yet records show that Congressional House Committees on Un-American Activities (
231:
1498:
1290:
2759:
2754:
2738:
1962:
1846:
1810:
1743:
1698:
1673:
475:
227:
30:
917:"'Dr. Tanner Gets Mitten,' New York Times, November 12, 1913. Accessed September 24, 2011"
561:
before marrying Hepburn on June 6, 1904. Following their marriage, the Hepburns moved to
508:, formed expressly "for the election of Franklin D Roosevelt and a Progressive Congress."
430:
as communistic, and the House Committee eventually rejected the bill. Despite the defeat,
8:
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2113:
2056:
1882:
1753:
1703:
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697:
688:
623:
554:
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382:
269:
2512:
2507:
2406:
2235:
2219:
2139:
2129:
1983:
1758:
1260:""Focus" quarterly periodical, Planned Parenthood of Southern New England, Summer 2010"
871:
394:
334:
302:
203:
843:
837:
2624:
2502:
2165:
2004:
1713:
1668:
1643:
1598:
1588:
1081:
1005:
896:"'Women to See Wilson' New York Times, December 7, 1913. Accessed September 24, 2011"
847:
798:
770:
672:
588:
570:
306:
294:
215:
199:
187:
158:
117:
96:
86:
55:
2292:
2061:
1988:
1805:
1683:
1628:
1608:
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722:
446:
419:
411:
284:
956:
938:"'Mrs. Thos. Hepburn Joins Militants,' Meriden Morning Record, September 13, 1917"
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2271:
2266:
2209:
2051:
1952:
1862:
1779:
1774:
1718:
1708:
1618:
1568:
714:
692:
489:
While one biographer of the activist's daughter claims Hepburn almost joined the
431:
223:
171:
1315:
2448:
2396:
2328:
2240:
2214:
2170:
2144:
2103:
2035:
1815:
1638:
668:
664:
604:
558:
330:
310:
280:
2650:
1460:"'Mystery in Suicide of Surgeon's Son' article, New York Times, April 4, 1921"
2748:
2629:
2537:
2432:
2401:
2380:
2349:
2297:
2245:
2087:
1913:
1903:
1872:
1836:
1784:
718:
592:
442:
427:
258:
952:
Conversations with Alice Paul: Woman Suffrage and the Equal Rights Amendment
237:
When not in Buffalo, she and her family spent time at their property in the
2370:
2287:
2261:
2077:
2009:
1748:
1693:
868:"Bryn Mawr Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center - About the Houghton Hepburns"
565:, where Dr. Hepburn completed his internship and residency specializing in
445:. Her words were not always popular; editorials written against her in the
437:
Throughout her career, Hepburn gave numerous speeches in cities around the
354:
291:
261:
250:
2681:
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2532:
2453:
2422:
2375:
2354:
1908:
1623:
1563:
1002:
Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America
537:
287:, Katharine had absorbed her mother's insistence on a college education.
2721:
1366:"Can Cate Blanchett catch Katharine Hepburn's Oscar record? Can anyone?"
1127:
Marion Hepburn Grant as quoted in Grant, p. 122 sq. "My Marxist mother…"
2527:
2108:
1978:
1841:
1678:
1593:
614:
Margaret Houghton "Peg" Hepburn Perry (1920–2006), librarian and farmer
346:
1199:
Fact Finding Committee on Un-American Activities in California. p. 322
634:
In 1988, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America established the
1688:
1633:
518:
In 1948, Hepburn was identified in a HUAC report as a sponsor of the
467:
459:
370:
1291:"Katharine Houghton Hepburn | Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame"
353:, a suffrage organization with a more aggressive reputation. In an
1312:"Bryn Mawr Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center - Mission and History"
265:
183:
106:
566:
463:
276:
1488:
471:
219:
1528:
1475:"National Committee on Federal Legislation on Birth Control"
557:. Houghton spent that academic year teaching at the city's
222:
Garlinghouse) and Alfred Augustus Houghton, a member of the
525:
In July 1953, two years after Hepburn's death, progressive
497:) throughout the late 30's, 40’s and 50’s thought she had.
494:
399:
National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control
298:
214:
Katharine Martha Houghton was born on February 2, 1878, in
182:(February 2, 1878 – March 17, 1951) was an American
190:
in the United States. Hepburn served as president of the
1246:"PPFA Margaret Sanger Award Winners - Katharine Hepburn"
601:
Dr. Robert Houghton "Bob" Hepburn (1913–2007), urologist
598:
Richard Houghton "Dick" Hepburn (1911–2000), playwright
249:, the seat of the family business. In contrast to the
1425:"Edith Houghton Hooker, Maryland Women's Hall of Fame"
2710:
742:"Bryn Mawr Women as Suffragists - the NAWSA Alumnae"
842:. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc. pp.
1080:. New York: William Morrow & Co. p. 32.
401:. In her autobiography, Sanger wrote of Hepburn:
301:in history and political science. She earned her
2746:
667:portrayed Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn and
577:, about 1928. The Hepburns also owned a home in
337:, who was visiting Hartford on a speaking tour.
1172:Mann, William. Kate: The Woman who was Hepburn
520:National Council of American-Soviet Friendship
275:In 1892, her father Alfred Houghton committed
1514:
890:
888:
710:National American Woman Suffrage Association
506:National Citizens Political Action Committee
324:National American Woman Suffrage Association
202:and the grandmother and namesake of actress
1521:
1507:
513:National Committee to Combat Anti-Semitism
393:. The League would eventually evolve into
309:. After completing preparatory studies at
257:Houghton family, Caroline and Alfred were
29:
885:
677:Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
585:Thomas Houghton "Tom" Hepburn (1905–1921)
376:
340:
316:
1004:, p. 202. Simon and Schuster, New York.
835:
536:
397:. Hepburn was elected chair of Sanger's
1075:
786:
2770:People from West Hartford, Connecticut
2747:
192:Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association
2484:
2191:
1934:
1540:
1502:
1409:"Corning Incorporated - Our Heritage"
1363:
1359:
1357:
1078:Katharine Hepburn: a Remarkable Woman
793:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p.
769:, p. 54. Crown Publishers, New York.
652:
365:was ratified in 1920, members of the
706:List of suffragists and suffragettes
611:(CIO) organizer, and social activist
609:Congress of Industrial Organizations
441:, including speaking engagements at
234:(1879–1948) and Marion (1882–1968).
186:social reformer and a leader of the
143:
541:Hepburn with her six children, 1921
13:
1385:
1354:
1061:. January 29, 1934. Archived from
549:(1879–1962), a medical student at
453:
450:women's health and birth control.
14:
2821:
2775:American women's rights activists
1649:Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn
1494:Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn
989:Margaret Sanger: an autobiography
626:in March 1951, at the age of 73.
180:Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn
23:Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn
2805:National Woman's Party activists
2780:American birth control activists
2765:Activists from Buffalo, New York
2732:
2720:
1530:Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame
1487:
1482:
1337:"Frances Conroy Knocks 'Em Dead"
991:, p. 188. W.W. Norton, New York.
607:(1918–1986), historian, author,
551:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
532:
412:Congressman Walter Marcus Pierce
1393:"American Birth Control League"
1329:
1304:
1283:
1252:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1069:
1047:
1033:
1024:
1015:
994:
981:
972:
963:
957:"Conversations with Alice Paul"
944:
930:
636:Katharine Houghton Hepburn Fund
387:Industrial Workers of the World
139:
909:
860:
836:Andersen, Christopher (1988).
829:
820:
811:
780:
759:
734:
1:
728:
605:Marion Houghton Hepburn Grant
391:American Birth Control League
369:asked Hepburn to run for the
209:
2810:Suffragists from Connecticut
2785:American socialist feminists
7:
1364:Meyer, Carla (2023-02-22).
787:Hepburn, Katharine (1991).
682:
622:She died unexpectedly of a
462:, and considered herself a
10:
2826:
2620:Cora Lee Bentley Radcliffe
1832:Elizabeth Hart Jarvis Colt
589:Katharine Houghton Hepburn
575:West Hartford, Connecticut
545:Around 1903, Houghton met
474:history, specifically the
414:, and others met with the
410:In 1934, Hepburn, Sanger,
75:West Hartford, Connecticut
2674:
2643:
2612:
2546:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2480:
2441:
2415:
2389:
2363:
2337:
2311:
2280:
2254:
2228:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2187:
2153:
2122:
2096:
2070:
2044:
2023:
1997:
1971:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1891:
1855:
1824:
1798:
1767:
1584:Evelyn Longman Batchelder
1551:
1547:
1541:
1536:
987:Sanger, Margaret (1938).
765:Leaming, Barbara (1995).
675:. Blanchett received the
629:
579:Old Saybrook, Connecticut
416:House Judiciary Committee
164:
153:
123:
112:
102:
92:
82:
63:
42:Katharine Martha Houghton
37:
28:
21:
2800:Bryn Mawr College alumni
2666:Regina Winters-Toussaint
2464:Elizabeth George Plouffe
1958:Adrianne Baughns-Wallace
1614:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
2523:Clara Hill (suffragist)
2518:Sarah Lee Brown Fleming
2161:Martha Minerva Franklin
1654:Isabella Beecher Hooker
1000:Chesler, Ellen (1992).
591:(1907–2003), four-time
116:Mother and namesake of
2569:Khalilah L. Brown-Dean
2135:Patricia Goldman-Rakic
2031:Dotha Bushnell Hillyer
1868:Constance Baker Motley
1076:Edwards, Anne (1989).
702:League of Women Voters
640:Hepburn Potter Society
542:
527:Garfield Bromley Oxnam
408:
377:Birth control advocacy
351:National Woman's Party
341:National Woman's Party
317:Social and reform work
196:National Woman's Party
129:Thomas Norval Hepburn
2345:Margaret Bourke-White
2083:Mary Townsend Seymour
2015:Miriam Therese Winter
1899:Jane Hamilton-Merritt
1739:Harriet Beecher Stowe
1734:Hilda Crosby Standish
1729:Smiths of Glastonbury
1724:Virginia Thrall Smith
1659:Emeline Roberts Jones
1604:Katharine Seymour Day
1574:Beatrice Fox Auerbach
1496:at Wikimedia Commons
679:for her performance.
563:Hartford, Connecticut
547:Thomas Norval Hepburn
540:
403:
2579:Callie Gale Heilmann
1989:Maria Miller Stewart
1963:Mary Goodrich Jenson
1847:Laura Wheeler Waring
1744:Gladys Tantaquidgeon
1699:Theodate Pope Riddle
1674:Rachel Taylor Milton
1065:on November 7, 2012.
950:Paul, Alice (1976).
926:. November 13, 1913.
826:Leaming, pp. 83, 86.
671:played her daughter
476:Bolshevik Revolution
363:Nineteenth Amendment
228:Corning Incorporated
2584:Jerimarie Liesegang
2303:Augusta Lewis Troup
2114:Glenna Collett-Vare
2057:Helen Frankenthaler
1883:Mabel Osgood Wright
1790:María Colón Sánchez
1754:Hannah Bunce Watson
1704:Edna Negron Rosario
1664:Barbara B. Kennelly
1579:Emma Fielding Baker
905:. December 7, 1913.
698:First-wave feminism
689:Carrie Chapman Catt
624:cerebral hemorrhage
555:Baltimore, Maryland
491:Communist Party USA
480:William Shakespeare
383:Socialist Party USA
270:Robert G. Ingersoll
194:before joining the
16:American suffragist
2513:Catherine Flanagan
2508:Frances Ellen Burr
2407:Regina Rush-Kittle
2236:Isabelle M. Kelley
2220:Maggie Wilderotter
2140:Barbara McClintock
2130:Jewel Plummer Cobb
1984:Catherine Roraback
1759:Chase G. Woodhouse
1467:The New York Times
1043:. 19 January 1934.
924:The New York Times
903:The New York Times
653:In popular culture
543:
395:Planned Parenthood
335:Emmeline Pankhurst
204:Katharine Houghton
2795:American Marxists
2790:Marxist feminists
2708:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2687:Melissa Bernstein
2656:Laura Cruickshank
2625:Jennifer Rizzotti
2604:Teresa C. Younger
2503:Josephine Bennett
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2166:Carolyn M. Mazure
2005:Florence Griswold
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1811:Madeleine L'Engle
1714:Susan Saint James
1669:Clare Boothe Luce
1644:Katharine Hepburn
1599:Prudence Crandall
1589:Catharine Beecher
1492:Media related to
1370:Los Angeles Times
1100:Andersen, p. 116.
1087:978-0-688-04528-9
767:Katharine Hepburn
673:Katharine Hepburn
657:In the 2004 film
571:Hartford Hospital
307:Radcliffe College
297:in 1899, with an
295:Bryn Mawr College
247:Corning, New York
243:Hamburg, New York
216:Buffalo, New York
200:Katharine Hepburn
188:suffrage movement
177:
176:
159:Katharine Hepburn
118:Katharine Hepburn
97:Bryn Mawr College
87:Radcliffe College
56:Buffalo, New York
2817:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2594:Marilyn Ondrasik
2493:
2492:
2482:
2481:
2293:Barbara Franklin
2200:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2062:Rosalind Russell
1943:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1806:Edythe J. Gaines
1684:Ellen Ash Peters
1629:Estelle Griswold
1609:Fidelia Fielding
1559:Mary Jobe Akeley
1549:
1548:
1538:
1537:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1478:
1470:
1469:. April 4, 1921.
1464:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1427:. Archived from
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1314:. Archived from
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1265:. Archived from
1264:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1109:Leaming, p. 191.
1107:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1031:
1030:Leaming, p. 291.
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
998:
992:
985:
979:
978:Leaming, p. 188.
976:
970:
969:Leaming, p. 179.
967:
961:
960:
948:
942:
941:
934:
928:
927:
921:
913:
907:
906:
900:
892:
883:
882:
880:
879:
870:. Archived from
864:
858:
857:
833:
827:
824:
818:
815:
809:
808:
784:
778:
763:
757:
756:
754:
753:
744:. Archived from
738:
723:Silent Sentinels
595:-winning actress
447:Hartford Courant
424:Charles Coughlin
420:Washington, D.C.
367:Democratic Party
285:finishing school
147:
145:
141:
70:
52:February 2, 1878
51:
49:
33:
19:
18:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2719:
2711:
2709:
2696:
2692:Barbara Summers
2670:
2661:Carla Squatrito
2639:
2608:
2542:
2487:
2468:
2459:Martha Langevin
2437:
2428:Anika Noni Rose
2411:
2385:
2359:
2333:
2324:Jennifer Lawton
2319:Beatrix Farrand
2307:
2276:
2272:Faith Middleton
2267:Annie Leibovitz
2250:
2224:
2210:Anne M. Mulcahy
2194:
2175:
2149:
2118:
2092:
2066:
2052:Martha Coolidge
2040:
2019:
1993:
1967:
1953:Emily Barringer
1937:
1918:
1887:
1863:Dorrit Hoffleit
1851:
1820:
1794:
1780:Caroline Hewins
1775:Helen M. Feeney
1763:
1719:Lydia Sigourney
1709:Margaret Rudkin
1619:Dorothy Goodwin
1569:Marian Anderson
1543:
1532:
1527:
1485:
1473:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1388:
1386:Further reading
1383:
1374:
1372:
1362:
1355:
1346:
1344:
1341:www.cbsnews.com
1335:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:Hepburn, p. 27.
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:Hepburn, p. 51.
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1074:
1070:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:Sanger, p. 419.
1020:
1016:
999:
995:
986:
982:
977:
973:
968:
964:
955:
949:
945:
936:
935:
931:
919:
915:
914:
910:
898:
894:
893:
886:
877:
875:
866:
865:
861:
854:
834:
830:
825:
821:
817:Leaming, p. 81.
816:
812:
805:
785:
781:
764:
760:
751:
749:
740:
739:
735:
731:
715:Progressive Era
693:M. Carey Thomas
685:
655:
632:
535:
478:, the works of
456:
454:Political views
379:
343:
319:
303:master's degree
224:Houghton family
212:
172:Houghton family
149:
137:
133:
130:
93:Alma mater
78:
72:
68:
59:
53:
47:
45:
44:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2823:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2742:
2741:
2729:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2599:Pamela Selders
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2574:Glynda C. Carr
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Patricia Baker
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Marian Chertow
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2397:Kristen Griest
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2329:Marian Salzman
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2241:Denise Nappier
2238:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2215:Martha Parsons
2212:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2171:Helen L. Smits
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2145:Joan A. Steitz
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Dorothy Hamill
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2036:Clarice McLean
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1878:Lillian Vernon
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1816:Susanne Langer
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1639:Alice Hamilton
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1503:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1353:
1328:
1303:
1282:
1251:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1217:Grant, p. 102.
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1086:
1068:
1046:
1032:
1023:
1014:
993:
980:
971:
962:
943:
929:
908:
884:
859:
852:
839:The Young Kate
828:
819:
810:
803:
779:
758:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
712:
695:
684:
681:
669:Cate Blanchett
665:Frances Conroy
654:
651:
631:
628:
616:
615:
612:
602:
599:
596:
586:
559:Calvert School
534:
531:
458:Hepburn was a
455:
452:
378:
375:
342:
339:
331:Woodrow Wilson
318:
315:
311:Baldwin School
292:Pennsylvania's
281:stomach cancer
211:
208:
175:
174:
166:
162:
161:
155:
151:
150:
135:
131:
128:
127:
125:
121:
120:
114:
113:Known for
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
73:
71:(aged 73)
67:March 17, 1951
65:
61:
60:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2822:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2740:
2739:United States
2730:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Lhakpa Sherpa
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:Enola G. Aird
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2538:Emily Pierson
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2479:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2433:Tina Weymouth
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:Ruth A. Lucas
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2381:Joyce Yerwood
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Carolyn Miles
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Linda Lorimer
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2246:Patricia Wald
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2088:Anne Stanback
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1915:
1914:Florence Wald
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:Sophie Tucker
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Rosa Ponselle
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Annie Dillard
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Donna Lopiano
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1483:External link
1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1431:on 2012-10-10
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
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1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1318:on 2011-10-13
1317:
1313:
1307:
1292:
1286:
1272:on 2011-05-24
1268:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1235:Grant, p. 54.
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1042:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1011:
1010:0-671-60088-5
1007:
1003:
997:
990:
984:
975:
966:
958:
953:
947:
939:
933:
925:
918:
912:
904:
897:
891:
889:
874:on 2016-01-06
873:
869:
863:
855:
853:0-8050-0709-1
849:
845:
841:
840:
832:
823:
814:
806:
804:0-679-40051-6
800:
796:
792:
791:
783:
776:
775:0-517-59284-3
772:
768:
762:
748:on 2020-05-16
747:
743:
737:
733:
724:
720:
719:Comstock Laws
716:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
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690:
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680:
678:
674:
670:
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646:
643:
641:
637:
627:
625:
620:
613:
610:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
593:Academy Award
590:
587:
584:
583:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
539:
533:Personal life
530:
528:
523:
521:
516:
514:
509:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
451:
448:
444:
443:Carnegie Hall
440:
435:
433:
432:TIME magazine
429:
428:prophylactics
425:
421:
417:
413:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
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348:
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332:
327:
325:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
260:
256:
253:views of the
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Athol Springs
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:6, including
156:
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126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
76:
66:
62:
57:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2564:Donna Berman
2371:Rebecca Lobo
2288:Rosa DeLauro
2262:Anne Garrels
2078:Helen Keller
2010:Eileen Kraus
1749:Betty Tianti
1694:Sarah Porter
1648:
1486:
1466:
1433:. Retrieved
1429:the original
1373:. Retrieved
1369:
1345:. Retrieved
1343:. 2006-07-10
1340:
1331:
1320:. Retrieved
1316:the original
1306:
1295:. Retrieved
1285:
1274:. Retrieved
1267:the original
1254:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1077:
1071:
1063:the original
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1293:. cwhf.org
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729:References
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361:After the
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210:Early life
103:Occupation
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