210:
308:
376:
411:. There was a molten lava lake at the time, but no eruption and she survived intact, with only bruises on her feet from the long journey. This event has become legendary at the volcano. Whilst on the volcano, she defied Pele by breaking a taboo of eating ʻŌhelo berries without offering any to Pele, as was custom. Instead she told her onlookers that if she returned without being destroyed by Pele in the volcano, they must abandon their worship of Pele and instead worship the Christian God.
387:
430:. She is described as not being "hard and puritanical" but rather having a "nature-loving spirit". Rev. Samuel Ruggles became pastor of the church in 1828. He found the shoreline areas too hot, so Kapiʻolani offered some land at a higher elevation and a few miles inland to build a house. It was near the present town of
397:
Although many other temples were destroyed by this time, the native
Hawaiians continued to honor the goddess Pele at Kīlauea, which was still active. Following the example of the Ellis trip, she traveled to the volcano. Because of the sharp, barren lava rock on the way, it would have been much faster
342:
toured the island to determine locations for mission stations, and identified Kapiʻolani and Naihe as "friends and patrons of missionary efforts". Because of this, he suggested the village of Kaʻawaloa at the north end of
Kealakekua Bay as one of the first sites for a church. Later on the tour, after
366:
In
February 1824 Kapiʻolani constructed a thatched house about 60 feet (18 m) by 30 feet (9.1 m) for use as a church, and Rev. James Ely starting using it for services in April. Although other leaders had tolerated the missionaries, this was the first time a major noble had constructed a
303:
before
Kamehameha's death. They describe meeting Kapiʻolani for the first time as she was sunbathing while applying coconut oil, "basking in the noonday tropical sun, like a seal". They also describe finding her "with her two husbands, all nearly nude, and in a state of beastly intoxication".
425:
In
October 1825 Kapiʻolani was baptized. Commanding the respect of the people, she kept order in her districts of south Kona and Kaʻū, and often traveled to help the less fortunate. This was very different than the strict isolation of the upper classes that was the tradition in
45:
418:(cousin of the famous poet) brought back the bodies of Kamehameha II and Queen Kamāmalu who had died in England. Naihe traveled to Honolulu and helped negotiate the peaceful transition in which the 11-year-old Prince Kauikeaouli would be named
1824:
1877:
335:(her stepbrother, since her father married his mother). She returned to Kealakekua Bay in the spring of 1823, but wanted to continue her education. She would send boats up to Kailua to pick up a preacher for Sunday services.
402:
met her at the volcano near the end of
December. The guardians of Pele warned that if she did not make the customary offerings, she would certainly be killed. Many remembered when their relatives were wiped out by an
363:. Traditionally prayers and offerings to Pele were always made before eating the berries. The volcano crater was an active lava lake, which the natives feared was a sign that Pele was not pleased with the violation.
246:. For example, women were not allowed to eat bananas. Once she sent a servant boy to secretly get some for her to taste. When the local priest found out, she was spared but the boy was sacrificed.
1594:
2055:
478:) who sketched a silhouette in 1839. She started a garden, experimenting with various plants, including guava, oranges, and coffee. This area is now known as the center for growing
448:
visited
Kealakekua Bay in 1829 and she hosted the officers at her home. The ship chaplain, Rev. Charles Stewart, was a former missionary to Hawaii who had met Kapiʻolani in 1823.
422:, but power would be held again by Queen Kaʻahumanu. Naihe led Byron back to Kealakekua Bay, where his crew looted many artifacts from the temples that remained in the area.
268:(literally, "free eating") after one king's death was traditionally followed by the new king imposing similar Kapu rules. However, this time, powerful women such as Queen
126:. She was one of the first Hawaiians to read and write, as well as sponsor of a church. She made a dramatic display of her new faith, which was the subject of a poem by
228:. The young Kapiʻolani was thrown in the bushes by her caretakers as the army fled, but was saved and sent to live with her aunt Akahi in the village of Kealia in the
2035:
2554:
253:
arrived at
Kealakekua Bay in 1793 and 1794. This time, through interpreters, Hawaiians could start to learn about other cultures. In 1805, an epidemic known as
224:
After a quiet period of a few years, the civil wars continued in 1790. Her father
Keawemauhili joined forces with Kamehameha, but was then killed by his nephew
2158:
1649:
2148:
452:
1756:
661:
The "Chiefess Kapiʻolani
Elementary School" is named for her. As of 2008 enrollment was 402 students. The school is located at 966 Kilauea Avenue in
1973:
1940:
550:
501:(without anesthetic). She recovered, and was preparing to leave when she died on May 5, 1841. She was buried in a royal plot in Honolulu.
2153:
2143:
2549:
2040:
261:, who later became the royal governor of the island. She became known as having liaisons with several members of the ruling class.
2083:
407:. She said a Christian prayer instead of the traditional one to Pele, and descended about 500 feet down into the main vent of
2559:
2201:
622:
2088:
2028:
1966:
399:
459:
cliffs. She then ordered this last temple to be destroyed. The bones were kept hidden safely until they were moved to the
193:, who had fled with from her first husband Kamehameha I to Hilo in order to marry Keawemauhili. She was a first cousin of
451:
In 1829, she was saddened to find the destruction of the temples included desecrating the bones of her ancestors at the
2291:
2023:
1648:
Katharine Luomala, University of Hawaii (1987). "Reality and Fantasy: The Foster Child in Hawaiian Myths and Customs".
339:
2013:
1713:
1016:
782:
398:
to use canoes. She set out on foot, gathering a large crowd as she walked about sixty miles. Rev. Goodrich from the
284:
attempted to gather followers of the old system at the temple near where she was living, but he was defeated at the
257:
broke out. Much of the royalty, including Kamehameha I and Kapiʻolani got very sick. She might have briefly married
1655:
2173:
1959:
466:
Naihe died December 29, 1831, and Kapiʻolani moved uphill to live near the missionaries. She became friends with
460:
2183:
2138:
2128:
1914:
714:
467:
209:
50:
720:
482:. In 1839 missionary Cochran Forbes started to build a massive stone church on more of her land. The site was
307:
2045:
415:
2508:
1764:
543:
142:, who was both her second cousin and her third cousin through different relations. Her ancestors included
2513:
2211:
2191:
2006:
347:
with little food, Ellis eagerly ate the wild berries they found growing there. The berries of the ʻŌhelo
2427:
694:
2050:
225:
672:(1809–1892) wrote a poem about her, published after his death by his son. Verse IV, for example reads:
2361:
2346:
2062:
487:
2366:
2321:
2078:
1850:
118:(c. 1781–1841) was an important member of the Hawaiian nobility at the time of the founding of the
668:
The story of Kapiʻolani became very popular in the middle of the 19th century. The British author
2316:
2168:
2123:
2093:
1805:
1630:
242:
151:
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2386:
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2226:
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475:
350:
229:
174:
127:
1903:
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2306:
2301:
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2103:
1936:
442:
431:
250:
197:, the young king of the island who was killed when Kamehameha I first came to power at the
2108:
654:
The massive stone church would fall into ruin, but be rebuilt several times. Now known as
394:
In the fall of 1824 she decided to show her people a dramatic demonstration of her faith.
182:
8:
2326:
2236:
296:
281:
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2336:
2113:
1996:
1392:
1278:
705:. This namesake would in turn lend her name to several notable institutions in Hawaii.
198:
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1709:
408:
360:
237:
159:
143:
123:
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2001:
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815:
147:
119:
264:
The death of Kamehameha in 1819 put the kingdom into turmoil. The period known as
194:
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2266:
2216:
2206:
2018:
1854:
1708:. Crocker and Brewster, New York, republished 2004, Mutual Publishing, Honolulu.
1703:
842:
655:
404:
312:
273:
178:
1304:
375:
299:
about 12 miles (19 km) to the north. They had already embarked on the ship
190:
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17:
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953:
662:
526:
471:
356:
292:
181:. She was probably born there about 1781. Keawemauhili was half-brother to
166:
139:
98:
64:
2281:
1951:
479:
386:
1705:
A journal of a tour around Hawai'i, the largest of the Sandwidch Islands
1654:. Brigham Young University Hawaii Campus. pp. 31–32. Archived from
702:
688:
Floats, will the glory of Kapiolani be mingled with either on Hawa-i-ee.
2477:
2246:
2231:
1647:
186:
138:
Every high chief in the Hawaiian Islands was related to her, including
380:
344:
280:), along with Kapiʻolani, were not satisfied with the old ways. Chief
1681:
311:
Kapiʻolani and Naihe, at the rear of the funeral procession of Queen
2422:
328:
324:
320:
76:
2492:
258:
455:. She removed the remains of the old chiefs and hid them in the
323:
in 1821, where a school had been set up. She quickly learned to
189:
in 1779. Her mother was his second wife Kekikipaʻa, daughter of
641:
532:
265:
332:
86:
1810:
All About Hawaii: Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide
1635:
All About Hawaii: Thrum's Hawaiian Annual and Standard Guide
497:. In March 1841 she traveled to Honolulu for surgery by Dr.
44:
435:
1787:
on her trip from England to the Hawaiian islands, 1824–25
490:, since the village of Kaʻawaloa was mostly abandoned.
1672:
Henry B. Restarick (1928). "Historic Kealakekua Bay".
185:
who was king of the island during the fatal visit of
1935:
843:
Prince Kalaninuiamamao of Hawaii, Aliʻi Nui of Kaʻū
217:(feather cape, reserved for royalty) of Kapiolani,
1671:
697:named his daughter after her, who became known as
295:arrived only a few months later, in March 1820 at
1628:
2531:
1728:
2555:Converts to Christianity from Hawaiian religion
1075:5. Princess Kekaulikeikawekiuonalini of Hawaiʻi
1803:
1777:
1967:
1701:
1676:. Honolulu: The Bulletin Publishing Company.
1875:
1822:
390:Book illustration of Kapiʻolani defying Pele
355:plant were considered sacred to the goddess
291:American Christian Missionaries led by Rev.
1945:. Vol. 8. Macmillan. pp. 261–263.
632:Western Association of Schools and Colleges
1981:
1974:
1960:
1942:The life and works of Alfred Lord Tennyson
1806:"Visit of H.M.S. Blonde to Hawaii in 1825"
1783:Diary of Andrew Bloxam: naturalist of the
486:, just uphill from the current village of
1849:
1674:Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society
1160:23. High Chiefess Lonomaʻaikanaka of Hilo
1855:"The "Hale o Keawe" at Honaunau, Hawaii"
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
992:20. High Chief Kanaloaikaiwilenakapulehu
758:16. High Chief Kanaloaikaiwilenakapulehu
385:
374:
359:, who lived in the volcano according to
306:
208:
1904:"Chiefess Kapiʻolani Elementary School"
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
900:9. High Chiefess Lonomaaikanaka of Hilo
16:For the Queen Consort (1834–1899), see
2532:
1641:
1435:
1431:
1419:
1393:Princess Kalanikauleleiaiwi of Hawaiʻi
1320:
1279:Princess Kalanikauleleiaiwi of Hawaiʻi
1206:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1089:
973:
969:
957:
858:
749:
745:
741:
682:Long as the silvery vapor in daylight,
1955:
1797:
1757:"Hawaii National Park (Nature Notes)"
1667:
1665:
1613:
1528:
1526:7. one of his wives (uncertain which)
1525:
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1503:
1493:
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1477:
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1465:
1453:
1443:
1439:
1416:
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1390:
1380:
1376:
1364:
1361:
1351:
1339:26. High Chief Lonoikahaupu of Waimea
1338:
1328:
1324:
1308:
1302:
1292:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1250:
1247:
1237:
1225:24. High Chief Lonoikahaupu of Kauaʻi
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889:
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846:
840:
830:
813:
803:
799:
787:
780:
770:
757:
753:
623:Big Island Interscholastic Federation
507:Chiefess Kapiʻolani Elementary School
240:and its strict social rules known as
1911:School Status and Improvement Report
1735:National Register of Historic Places
1722:
1688:
701:(1834–1899) when her husband became
249:She was still a young girl when the
37:High Chiefess of Ka'ū and South Kona
25:High Chiefess of Ka'ū and South Kona
1865:. London: E. A. Petherick: 159–161.
1812:. Thomas G. Thrum, Honolulu: 66–82.
1763:. November 28, 2007. Archived from
1637:. Thomas G. Thrum, Honolulu: 40–53.
929:19. Princess Piʻilaniwahine of Maui
370:
13:
1749:
1662:
14:
2571:
1859:Journal of the Polynesian Society
1731:"Kahikolu Church nomination form"
1729:Lois M. Humphrey (May 26, 1982).
319:She followed the missionaries to
434:, an area formerly used to grow
367:building specifically for them.
43:
2550:Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom
1939:(1899). Hallam Tennyson (ed.).
1929:
1896:
1869:
1843:
1816:
954:High Chief Keawemauhili of Hilo
877:18. High Chief Ahu-a-Iʻ of Hilo
158:meaning "heavenly arch" in the
154:. The name probably comes from
1915:Hawaii Department of Education
1771:
1587:
715:List of Missionaries to Hawaii
468:Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor
343:a long journey to the volcano
331:relationship with her husband
232:near the religious centers on
51:Persis Goodale Thurston Taylor
1:
1601:. University of Hawaiʻi Press
1581:
165:The father of Kapiʻolani was
2560:Hawaiian Kingdom Protestants
1131:11. High Chiefess Kauhiokaka
658:, it is still in use today.
493:In about 1840 she developed
236:. She was instructed in the
7:
1417:3. High Chiefess Kekikipaʻa
708:
133:
10:
2576:
1789:. Volume 10 of Bernice P.
1629:Penrose C. Morris (1920).
1433:
1425:
1314:
1248:12. High Chief Keawepoepoe
1204:
1200:
1083:
971:
963:
852:
747:
743:
678:Glares from the lava-take,
405:explosive eruption in 1790
15:
2501:
2405:
2182:
2159:St. Michael the Archangel
2071:
1987:
1851:Alexander, William DeWitt
1509:
1491:
1483:
1459:
1441:
1437:
1400:
1378:
1370:
1362:13. High Chiefess Kanoena
1345:
1326:
1322:
1286:
1264:
1256:
1231:
1212:
1208:
1166:
1147:
1139:
1114:
1095:
1091:
1058:
1035:
1027:
1017:Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku
998:
979:
975:
935:
916:
908:
883:
864:
860:
824:
801:
793:
783:Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku
764:
751:
649:
636:
628:
618:
610:
602:
594:
586:
581:
542:
520:
516:
511:
506:
461:Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii
152:royalty of Hawaiʻi island
105:
94:
82:
70:
58:
42:
35:
30:
2428:William Hoapili Kaʻauwai
2079:Church of the Crossroads
1185:High Chiefess Kapiʻolani
276:(mother of the new King
259:High Chief Chief Kuakini
116:High Chiefess Kapiʻolani
109:High Chiefess Kekikipaʻa
2124:Makiki Christian Church
1804:Rowland Bloxam (1920).
1737:. National Park Service
1305:High Chief Kameʻeiamoku
731:Ancestors of Kapiʻolani
204:
1982:Christianity in Hawaii
1884:. University of Hawaii
1831:. University of Hawaii
1702:William Ellis (1823).
691:
676:Long as the lava-light
566:19.71333°N 155.07806°W
391:
383:
338:In the summer of 1823
316:
221:
169:, who was high chief (
124:Christian missionaries
2387:Lucy Goodale Thurston
2227:Sereno Edwards Bishop
680:Dazing the starlight;
674:
670:Alfred, Lord Tennyson
476:Lucy Goodale Thurston
389:
378:
351:Vaccinium reticulatum
310:
212:
173:) of the district of
128:Alfred, Lord Tennyson
2242:Ephraim Weston Clark
1937:Alfred Lord Tennyson
1882:Place name of Hawaii
1829:Place name of Hawaii
1793:special publication.
619:Athletics conference
571:19.71333; -155.07806
453:Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau
251:Vancouver Expedition
2509:Edict of Toleration
2327:Charles McEwen Hyde
2237:Libert H. Boeynaems
1825:"lookup of Kuapehu"
1599:Hawaiian dictionary
1108:22. High Chief Hulu
695:Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole
562: /
327:and settled into a
282:Keaoua Kekuaokalani
199:battle of Mokuʻōhai
122:and the arrival of
101:, Aliʻi Nui of Hilo
2377:John M. Systermans
1997:Anglican Communion
1878:"lookup of Kepulu"
1876:Lloyd J. Soehren.
1823:Lloyd J. Soehren.
1767:on March 20, 2014.
1595:"lookup of "pi'o""
603:Number of students
522:966 Kilauea Avenue
416:Admiral Lord Byron
392:
384:
361:Hawaiian mythology
317:
222:
187:Captain James Cook
120:Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
2527:
2526:
2438:Alice Kahokuoluna
2406:Native Christians
2202:Richard Armstrong
2084:Our Lady of Peace
2051:Oriental Orthodox
2036:Latter-day Saints
2002:Church of Hawaiʻi
1658:on March 4, 2016.
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
684:Over the mountain
647:
646:
457:Pali Kapu O Keōua
286:battle of Kuamoʻo
238:Hawaiian religion
179:island of Hawaiʻi
160:Hawaiian language
144:royalty of Kauaʻi
113:
112:
2567:
2502:Related articles
2458:Charles Kekumano
2362:William Richards
2222:Hiram Bingham II
2207:Alexis Bachelot
2072:Historic chapels
1988:Christian groups
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816:Keakealaniwahine
737:
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728:
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699:Queen Kapiʻolani
577:
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371:Challenging Pele
87:High Chief Naihe
47:
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2497:
2488:Henry Opukahaia
2483:Jonatana Napela
2473:Joel Hulu Mahoe
2401:
2372:Betsey Stockton
2322:H. R. Hitchcock
2317:Merriman Harris
2267:Samuel C. Damon
2217:Hiram Bingham I
2192:W. P. Alexander
2178:
2139:Star of the Sea
2067:
2056:Coptic Orthodox
2019:Catholic Church
1989:
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523:
379:Molten lava in
373:
272:(then Regent),
226:Keōua Kuahuʻula
207:
148:royalty of Maui
136:
89:
75:
63:
54:
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
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2519:Laplace affair
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499:Gerrit P. Judd
428:ancient Hawaii
420:Kamehameha III
414:In July 1825,
372:
369:
325:read and write
234:Kealakekua Bay
206:
203:
201:in July 1782.
135:
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2433:Edward Kahale
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703:King Kalākaua
700:
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664:
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631:
629:Accreditation
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491:
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470:(daughter of
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340:William Ellis
336:
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279:
278:Kamehameha II
275:
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230:Kona District
227:
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219:Bishop Museum
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46:
41:
38:
34:
29:
23:
19:
2540:1780s births
2453:James Kekela
2447:
2418:Akaiko Akana
2392:Abner Wilcox
2382:Asa Thurston
2307:P. J. Gulick
2184:Missionaries
2149:St. Benedict
1941:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1910:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1881:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1828:
1818:
1809:
1799:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1765:the original
1760:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1734:
1724:
1704:
1673:
1656:the original
1650:
1643:
1634:
1603:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1184:
692:
687:
675:
667:
663:Hilo, Hawaii
660:
653:
492:
483:
465:
456:
450:
444:
439:
432:Captain Cook
424:
413:
409:Halemaʻumaʻu
400:Hilo mission
396:
393:
365:
348:
337:
318:
300:
293:Asa Thurston
290:
263:
254:
248:
241:
223:
191:Kameʻeiamoku
183:Kalaniʻōpuʻu
170:
167:Keawemauhili
164:
156:ka pi'o lani
155:
140:Kamehameha I
137:
115:
114:
99:Keawemauhili
65:Hilo, Hawaii
36:
22:
2545:1841 deaths
2337:David Lyman
2302:J. S. Green
2282:Daniel Dole
2252:A. S. Cooke
2134:Mokuʻaikaua
1888:October 15,
1835:October 16,
1741:October 15,
1631:"Kapiolani"
1605:October 20,
693:Her nephew
637:Affiliation
611:Campus type
582:Information
569: /
544:Coordinates
480:Kona coffee
297:Kailua-Kona
74:May 5, 1841
2534:Categories
2478:David Malo
2463:Keōpūolani
2448:Kapiʻolani
2357:W. H. Rice
2312:E. O. Hall
2247:Titus Coan
2232:Elias Bond
2154:St. Joseph
2144:St. Andrew
2109:Kawaiahaʻo
2104:Kaʻahumanu
1921:October 9,
1582:References
1052:of Hawaiʻi
1019:of Hawaiʻi
818:of Hawaiʻi
785:of Hawaiʻi
721:Kapiʻolani
557:155°4′41″W
554:19°42′48″N
488:Napoʻopoʻo
329:monogamous
313:Keōpūolani
274:Keōpūolani
270:Kaʻahumanu
31:Kapiʻolani
18:Kapiʻolani
2174:Wānanalua
2007:Episcopal
1990:in Hawaii
1682:10524/964
723:namesakes
640:State of
463:in 1858.
445:Vincennes
443:USS
255:mai oku'u
171:Aliʻi Nui
90:(others?)
2493:Puaʻaiki
2423:Hewahewa
2094:Hōlualoa
2063:Orthodox
2046:New Hope
2041:Lutheran
1853:(1894).
1781:(1925).
719:List of
709:See also
512:Location
440:Kuapehu.
321:Honolulu
301:Thaddeus
215:ʻahuʻula
195:Kiwalaʻo
150:and the
134:Ancestry
77:Honolulu
2169:Waiʻoli
2119:Makawao
2029:Eastern
2014:Baptist
1761:nps.gov
614:Outdoor
533:Hawaiʻi
438:called
381:Kīlauea
345:Kīlauea
315:, 1823.
266:ʻAi Noa
177:on the
62:c. 1781
2164:Waiola
2099:Imiola
1917:. 2008
1785:Blonde
1712:
650:Legacy
642:Hawaii
595:Grades
590:Public
484:kepulu
106:Mother
95:Father
83:Spouse
53:, 1839
2114:Lāʻie
2089:Haili
2024:Roman
1907:(PDF)
537:96720
333:Naihe
1923:2009
1890:2009
1837:2009
1743:2009
1710:ISBN
1607:2009
1391:27.
1277:25.
1048:21.
1015:10.
814:17.
587:Type
527:Hilo
474:and
436:taro
357:Pele
243:kapu
213:The
205:Life
175:Hilo
71:Died
59:Born
1678:hdl
1303:6.
1183:1.
952:2.
841:4.
781:8.
606:402
598:K–6
472:Asa
2536::
1913:.
1909:.
1880:.
1861:.
1857:.
1827:.
1808:.
1759:.
1733:.
1690:^
1664:^
1633:.
1615:^
1597:.
665:.
530:,
288:.
162:.
146:,
130:.
1975:e
1968:t
1961:v
1925:.
1892:.
1863:3
1839:.
1745:.
1718:.
1684:.
1680::
1609:.
353:)
349:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
