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was captured and makeup was applied to his severed head to make it easier to recognize. According to another, the name was born because a prostitute had her house at the bottom of the slope. In any case, in the Azuma Kagami the name never appears. This pass was one of
Kamakura's Seven Entrances and
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This place used to be a hill but Ninshō, the founder of
Gokuraku-ji, had it flattened and opened this road. The so-called Gokuraku-ji Pass is this road. When in 1333 Nitta Yoshisada attacked Kamakura, the army's shoguns Ōdate Muneuji and Eda Yukiyoshi advanced with their forces along this road, and
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While economically vital because they allowed traffic to and from the outside world, the Seven Passes had also great military value, and as such they were fortified in various ways, for example narrowing them further until a horse could barely pass through, and obstructing the view of incomers. The
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Once the
Kamakura shogunate was established, to allow trade during peacetime and defense in case of war, it opened seven passes. The Nagoe Pass still remains close to its original form. On the Zushi side, in several point along the road are still visible the remains of artificial cliffs added to
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and only traces are left of the old pass. The
Gokuraku Pass is now also a road. More or less like they were before the Meiji era are the Daibutsu, Nagoshi, and Asahina Passes, while the Kewaizaka and Kamegayatsu Passes have changed, but are still recognizable.
432:
and
Kokubunji). Because of its strategic position, this is where Nitta Yoshisada's forces drove their main attack on the city. The pass saw fighting again in several occasions. It has therefore been declared a historical landmark.
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which connects Shakadōgayatsu to the Ōmachi and Nagoe (formerly called
Nagoshi) districts. Although important, it was not considered one of the Entrances because it connected two areas both fully within Kamakura.
39:
in Japan, is closed off on three sides by very steep hills and on the fourth by the sea: before the construction of several modern tunnels and roads, the so-called Seven
Entrances (
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first appears in the Azuma Kagami in 1180. The
Kamegayatsu Pass connected the area of Ōgigayatsu (north-west of today's Kamakura station) to Chōju-ji in Yamanouchi (
444:
The name of the
Kewaizaka Pass can be written with the characters "化粧坂" or "形勢坂". According to one theory the name derives from the fact that once the shogun of the
242:
Goods coming from various places arrived here by ship and entered
Kamakura through this pass, making Mutsuura a location of great political and economic importance.
84:
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The ending "ヶ谷", common in place names and usually read "-gaya", in Kamakura is normally pronounced "-gayatsu", as in Shakadōgayatsu, Ōgigayatsu, and Matsubagayatsu
528:) for this reason. The name of the area around it is now written with the same characters (名越), but called Nagoe. It has been declared a historical landmark.
221:
ordered works to improve communications between the city and the important center of Mutsuura, and construction was started in April of the following year.
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103:: Kobukurozaka, Daibutsuzaka, Gokurakuzaka, etc. Besides these seven, there were always other mountain roads that connected Kamakura with, for example,
490:, it is one of the passes through which Nitta Yoshisada tried to penetrate into Kamakura in 1333. The pass has been declared a historical landmark.
406:. Its name comes from the fact it's so steep a turtle wouldn't be able to go up without turning over. It has been declared a historical landmark.
161:
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first appears in the Azuma Kagami in 1235. The old road that crosses the pass, which from Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū leaves the modern road to
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Mutsuura was then a center of salt production and an important port for the distribution of goods not only to and from Kantō centers like
17:
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On both sides of the pass are still visible the remains of fortifications (artificial cliffs and flat areas) built to defend it.
61:(all artificial) were its main links to the rest of the world. The city was therefore a natural fortress and, according to the
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was important for the defense of the city. Beginning with Nitta Yoshisada's invasion of 1333, it saw combat several times.
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road. According to tradition, the pass was opened by the founder of Gokuraku-ji, Ninshō (1217–1303). The pass was chosen by
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here they clashed with Kamakura's forces commanded by Osaragi Sadanao. This is the place where they camped and fought.
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as his base specifically for this reason. The name itself seems to have been modeled on that of Kyoto's Seven Entrances
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seems to indicate that by 1181 it existed, but this is probably an error. Repaired many times in the period from the
198:'s third son) built it by himself in one night. The falls near the Kamakura entrance to the pass, the Saburō Falls
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The Shikken Hōjō Yasutoki himself directed the work and carried stones and dirt with his horse to speed it up.
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roads were also modified adding artificial cliffs and forts from which archers could hit enemies below.
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524:. Very steep and less than two meters across, its name was originally written with the characters 難通 (
79:—sometimes translated as the seven "mouths"—which first appears in the literature of the intermediate
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290:. Its date of construction is unknown, and the Azuma Kagami doesn't mention it. A passage of the
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Besides the Seven Entrances there is another great pass in the city, the huge Shakadō Pass
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on the Kamakura side of the pass, near the Saburō Falls, has a very similar content.
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The Yokohama Committee for Education, Cultural Properties Department, March 1990
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The pass is closed to all traffic because of the danger posed by falling rocks.
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is a section of the road that from the beach in Yuigahama passes in front of
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reports that the decision to link the city to Kanazawa was taken in 1240 by
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Today's Kobukurozaka Pass is a modern, wide road that connects Kamakura to
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passed through the localities of Kajiwara and Yamazaki to link Kamakura to
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111:. There is one, for example, that connects Kaizō-ji in Ōgigayatsu with
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83:(around the year 1450). Together with the other "numbered" names like "
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The characters in the name of the pass in Japanese mean "Makeup slope"
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for his 1333 attack on Kamakura and saw therefore ferocious fighting.
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complement the place's natural geography and ensure an easy defense.
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190:. Its name seems to stem from the legend that superhuman hero
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837:"鎌倉七口" article, Japanese Knowledge, accessed on May 14, 2008
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The Nagoe Pass, important because it linked Kamakura to the
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The Gokuraku Pass, where Nitta Yoshisada's army was defeated
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was extremely important because it linked the city to the
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invention probably concocted to stimulate tourism. The
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Chūsei Toshi Kamakura: Iseki ga Kataru Bushi no Miyako
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by the Kamakura Citizen Net, accessed on June 2, 2008
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Hiking to Kamakura's Seven Entrances and Seven Passes
472:(Kita-kamakura), runs below it and rejoins it before
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From above today's Daibutsu Tunnel, the Daibutsu Pass
668:, The Kamakura Citizen Net accessed on May 11, 2008
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The Saburō Falls at the beginning of the Asaina Pass
211:The plaque on the Yokohama side of the pass says:
890:"Kamakura Nanakuchi no Saka to Kiridoshi wo Aruku"
414:Militarily extremely important, the Kewaizaka Pass
852:Kamakura Kankō Bunka Kentei Kōshiki Tekisutobukku
538:March 1981, The Kanagawa Committee for Education
424:led to Fujisawa, then the road proceeded towards
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215:Historical Landmark - Asaina Pass (June 5, 1969)
255:It is the steepest of Kamakura's Seven Passes.
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854:(in Japanese). Kamakura: Kamakura Shunshūsha.
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258:The Yokohama International Travel Association
564:The Ōmachi side of the majestic Shakadō Pass
927:Kamakura's Seven Entrances and Seven Passes
952:Tourist attractions in Kanagawa Prefecture
570:Kamakura, Kanagawa § The Shakadō Pass
351:and Katase, ultimately joining the famous
31:A map of Kamakura with the Seven Entrances
873:(in Japanese). Kōdansha Gakujutsu Bunko.
384:The Kamakura side of the Kamegayatsu Pass
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962:Transport in Kanagawa Prefecture
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957:History of Kanagawa Prefecture
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18:Kamakura's Seven Mouths
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440:on the Kamakura side says:
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140:Also known as Mutsuurakuchi
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919:Kamakura's Seven Entrances
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458:The name Kobukurozaka Pass
911:The Old Roads of Kamakura
869:Kawano, Shinjirō (2005).
774:Kamegayatsuzaka Kiridōshi
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888:Kamakura Citizen's Net.
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376:The Kamegayatsu Pass
85:Kamakura's Ten Wells
67:Minamoto no Yoritomo
706:Juniso/Jomyoji Area
687:Kawano (2005:24-25)
484:. According to the
366:on the pass says:
292:Shinpen Kamakurashi
123:The Seven Entrances
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947:Kamakura, Kanagawa
749:Daibutsu Kiridōshi
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410:The Kewaizaka Pass
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343:, then goes on to
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219:Kamakura shogunate
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99:calls them simply
43:), or Seven Passes
37:Kamakura, Kanagawa
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861:978-4-7740-0386-3
696:Kawano (2005:301)
526:difficult to pass
310:The Gokuraku Pass
272:The Daibutsu Pass
16:(Redirected from
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35:The city of
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463:巨福呂坂 or 小袋坂
337:Gokuraku-ji
165: [
162:Asaina Pass
941:Categories
896:2008-10-10
844:References
470:Yamanouchi
446:Taira clan
296:Edo period
171:connected
93:Edo period
41:Nana-guchi
482:Meiji era
474:Kenchō-ji
404:Kenchō-ji
300:Meiji era
487:Taiheiki
402:), near
349:Koshigoe
288:Fujisawa
177:Yokohama
173:Kanazawa
478:Shikken
353:Tokaidō
298:to the
237:Shimōsa
185:Shikken
105:Kotsubo
87:" and "
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235:, and
233:Kazusa
160:, the
592:Notes
579:釈迦堂切通
438:stele
430:Fuchū
364:stele
330:極楽寺切通
266:stele
169:]
155:朝比奈切通
101:-zaka
48:七切り通し
875:ISBN
856:ISBN
798:here
761:here
734:here
722:here
515:名越切通
436:The
393:亀ケ谷坂
362:The
322:The
281:大仏切通
107:and
74:京都七口
419:仮粧坂
229:Awa
203:三郎滝
145:六浦口
943::
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