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Kalinga architecture

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3896: 3850: 3790:, the ground plan of the proposed temple is engraved by the Sthapati and Sutragrahaṇi with the help of a sharp edged instrument, on the perfectly leveled Piṭha. As temples in every of their details depend on proportions, complex ancient methods are used for correct geometric designing and executing the ground plan (bhunaksa) to ensure long term stability and aesthetic appearance of these huge structures. Simplicity or intricacy of the temple is reflected in this ground plan. Thereafter, the Bardhanikas set about precut stones, under the strict vigilance of Sutragrahaṇi as per the Bhunaksa, Deula Gaddanni has started. 122: 3869: 130: 5235: 25: 146: 3503: 185: 3597:
cult, divine iconography existed since the mythological era. Present day research implies that idols (deities) were placed under auspicious trees in the ancient days. And maybe today a temple in general carries various minute details and the overall shape of some heritage tree. The various aspects
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evolved over a long period of time. Stipulated architectural principles with ample provision for artistic improvisation enabled the progressive generations. Temples in Odisha are based on certain fundamental principles of stability and take their cue from the human body. The superstructure is
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The Asṭadala Padma Chakaḍā (Eight lotus petal shaped), is then laid at the exact spot required. This is a square or rectangular shape of hard uniform stone slab at the center of which an eight petaled lotus shape in exact geometric proportions is engraved. The petals are aligned to the north,
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Various aspects like type of soil, shape of the Plot, location of the plot, availability and type of space and ground water level, etc. are taken into consideration while selecting the site. Color, density, composition and moisture content of the soil discriminates between the best, middle,
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Primarily certain classes of stones are considered auspicious for the construction of Kalinga deula (temples). The Shilpa Chandrika, an ancient architecture book defines seven specific varieties of stone as ideal and certain types are used for certain portions of the temple :
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north-east, east, southeast, south, south-west, west and north-west. The exact perpendicular line through the center of this Asṭadala Padma Chakaḍā determines the axis (rekhā/meru) of the temple. The traditional method of such alignment is termed as
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Sutra Grahaṇi : The Chief Engineer (can be equated) as he is the person who translates the architecture into actual geometrical dimensions. He is equally proficient in all the required knowledge and most often is the son of the Mukhya
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basically divided into three parts, the Bāḍa (Lower Limb), the Ganḍi (Body) and the Cuḷa/Mastaka (Head). Accordingly, each part is given a different treatment throughout, from the architecture to the final ornamentation of the Temple.
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The Mukhya Sthaptya (Main Sculptor similar to Chief Architect) creates a scale model based on traditional stipulations and takes the Karta's (producer / financier) approval. In many instances we see such depictions on walls and motifs.
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Another layer of theodolite stones, corresponding to the shape and size of the ground plan called the piṭha is constructed. This is the base of the temple. In many instances, we see this piṭha at various levels of
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Kartā : The Chief Patron of the temple, generally the king of the state is designated as kartā. Hence these devotional ancient architectures often reflect various socio-cultural aspects of society of the
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and Mathematical Calculations. Besides being a very knowledgeable person he is also a very pious man. He translates the Kartā's vision into an architectural design based on stipulations.
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Then with uniformly cut hard stones, the four walls of the Potā are erected and the outer perimeter space between the pit wall and ground is properly filled with soil.
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Takṣaka : The sculptor with hands that create poetry in stone does all the magnificent carvings and engravings of various forms that has left us spell bound.
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of a typical Kalinga temple include architectural stipulations, iconography, historical connotations and honoring the traditions, customs and associated legends.
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By observing conventional masonry and going through the following steps of the preparation of potā and piṭha the foundation of a temple could be understood:
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A square or rectangular area is dug out depending on the type and combination of temple proposed at the center of the preselected Nāgabandhani plot of land.
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etc., probably this is some ancient science which guides the architect to understand natural forces and build stable massive structures in
3566:. The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula. The former two are associated with 5262: 4754: 4693: 3706:, by which the temple's direction and the auspicious moment for beginning the sacred construction is determined. Like the present day 233: 4723: 89: 61: 2410: 996: 4513: 42: 68: 5267: 2289: 5272: 4345: 4134: 4041: 5257: 3533: 3166: 75: 4080: 108: 2319: 1150: 57: 3749:
The length and width of this Potā (pit) is always sufficiently broader than the diameter of the proposed temple.
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Although clay bricks have been used in very rare cases, most Kalingan temples are built using these stones.
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Keeping the Sanku (the vertical axis through the center of Asṭadala Padma Chakaḍā) as the exact center of
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Thereafter the Potā is properly packed up with large pieces of stone and soil, probably pressed down by
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Besides these primary set of specialists, various supportive functions are carried out by other people.
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There is a specific hierarchy of command for the management of people involved. They are classified as:
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The Potā (pit) is leveled off at ground level with huge and thick cut theodolite stones.
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The depth of this Potā is 1/3 of the height of the proposed temple, from plinth level.
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or central protective image over the doorway to a temple or the sanctuary of one.
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Temples in Odisha in the classic local style very often have a figure of
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while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.
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Mukhya Sthapati : The Chief Architect, The master of the
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temples. The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula houses are the
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Hard stone slabs are laid at the bottom to create a level.
647: 184: 3734: 3858:, one of the most well renowned temples in India, a 4056: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 125:Simplified schema of a Kalinga architecture temple 5249: 4042:"Welcome to Odissi.com | Orissa | Sri Jagannath" 3642:Bārdhanikas : The masons, the stone setters 4507: 4135: 3781: 3527: 3702:This is an intricate and very old method in 3690:sub-middle and worst kind of soil. Based on 4514: 4500: 4142: 4128: 4065:History of Indian and Eastern Architecture 3534: 3520: 4149: 4062: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 144: 128: 120: 4961:Pana Sankranti (Maha Vishuba Sankranti) 3578:temples while the third is mainly with 3562:and in present eastern Indian state of 2411:Sources and classification of scripture 5250: 3862:. the tower has collapsed in the past. 4521: 4495: 4123: 3652: 1033:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 1028:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 4063:Fergusson, James (2013). "ORISSA". 3833:Classification of deuḷa temples at 3606: 13: 5263:Buildings and structures in Odisha 3735:Potā and piṭha (Mobile Foundation) 14: 5284: 3827: 3684: 5234: 5233: 3894: 3867: 3848: 3697: 3593:In Kalinga, the ancient land of 3554:which flourished in the ancient 3501: 183: 23: 4303:Thantra-Samuchayam/Shilparatnam 3601: 34:needs additional citations for 4481:Category:Architecture in India 4034: 3725: 271:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 1: 5166:Bronze & Bell metal works 4093: 3332:Other society-related topics: 1023:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 4109:Kalinga Temples Architecture 4073:10.1017/cbo9781139814638.007 4027: 3942:Examples of Rekha deuḷa are 3443:Hinduism and other religions 2240:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 16:Architecture style in Odisha 7: 5268:Indian architectural styles 3548:Kaḷinga architectural style 3188:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3160:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 888:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 832:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 827:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 10: 5289: 5273:Cultural history of Odisha 3797: 3782:Bhunaksā (the ground plan) 3064:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1744:Gurus, sants, philosophers 1680:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 868:Uparati (self-settledness) 5258:Hindu temple architecture 5231: 5206: 5183: 5128: 5095: 5086: 5025: 5009: 4901: 4885: 4860: 4824: 4815: 4782: 4732: 4564: 4536: 4529: 4476: 4430: 4364: 4157: 4101:Kalinga Mandira Sthapatya 2230:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 883:Samadhana (concentration) 747:Three paths to liberation 254:Tribal religions in India 239:Historical Vedic religion 234:Indus Valley Civilisation 4111:(archived 29 March 2012) 4022:Durga Temple, Baideshwar 3793: 1059:, sacrifice, and charity 3804:Temple architecture in 3237:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2450:Timeline of Hindu texts 2355:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1383:Pumsavana Simantonayana 1038:Śabda (word, testimony) 276:Epic-Puranic chronology 244:Dravidian folk religion 4017:Varahi Deula, Chaurasi 4001:Baitaḷa /Khakarā deuḷa 3202:Eighteen Greater Texts 2831:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2260:Krishnananda Saraswati 1499:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 1013:Pratyakṣa (perception) 873:Titiksha (forbearance) 161: 142: 126: 58:"Kalinga architecture" 4151:Architecture of India 3926:Lokanatha Siva Temple 3318:Varna-related topics: 3209:Eighteen Lesser Texts 2782:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1673:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 1659:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1591:Philosophical schools 893:Ahamkara (attachment) 853:Vairagya (dispassion) 781:Mokṣa-related topics: 148: 132: 124: 5191:Kalinga architecture 4099:Durga Charan Panda, 3558:previously known as 3450:Hinduism and Jainism 2380:Vethathiri Maharishi 2285:Nisargadatta Maharaj 848:Viveka (discernment) 223:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 150:The Jagannath Temple 43:improve this article 4115:Temple Architecture 3860:World Heritage Site 3508:Hinduism portal 3387:Hinduism by country 3223:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3167:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2250:Dayananda Saraswati 2235:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 2141:Sripada Srivallabha 2081:Raghunatha Siromani 2046:Narasimha Saraswati 1946:Santadas Kathiababa 1018:Anumāṇa (inference) 141:, sixth century AD. 4893:Odia Hindu wedding 3978:Ghantashree Mohana 3975:Kathachalia Pidhha 3972:Nahachallia Pidhha 3653:Material selection 3552:Hindu architecture 3402:Caribbean Shaktism 3121:Kanakadhara Stotra 2370:U. G. Krishnamurti 2350:Satyadhyana Tirtha 1941:Gangesha Upadhyaya 1599:Six Astika schools 843:Ānanda (happiness) 822:Anātman (non-self) 162: 143: 127: 5245: 5244: 5179: 5178: 5043:Bomkai (Sonepuri) 4956:Manabasa Gurubara 4881: 4880: 4852:Prahallada Nataka 4816:Play, theatre and 4778: 4777: 4523:Culture of Odisha 4489: 4488: 3969:Dwichallia Pidhha 3856:Konark Sun Temple 3588:sanctum sanctorum 3544: 3543: 3395:Balinese Hinduism 2894:Markandeya Purana 2131:Satyanatha Tirtha 2086:Raghuttama Tirtha 2076:Raghavendra Swami 1916:Ramdas Kathiababa 997:Sources of dharma 863:Dama (temperance) 858:Sama (equanimity) 224: 119: 118: 111: 93: 5280: 5237: 5236: 5093: 5092: 5033:Baleswari bandha 4825:Play and theatre 4822: 4821: 4534: 4533: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4144: 4137: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4105: 4087: 4086: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4048:. 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4052:on 2000-03-06. 4046:www.odissi.com 4032: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4003: 4002: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3873: 3866: 3864: 3854: 3847: 3845: 3829: 3828:Classification 3826: 3798:Main article: 3795: 3792: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3764: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3704:Shilpa Shastra 3699: 3696: 3686: 3685:Site Selection 3683: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3629:Dharma Shastra 3617: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3550:is a style of 3542: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3531: 3524: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3483: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3382: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3339:Discrimination 3335: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3230:Abirami Antati 3226: 3219: 3212: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3148: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3116: 3115: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3095: 3088: 3081: 3078:Ramcharitmanas 3074: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3032: 3029:Pramana Sutras 3025: 3018: 3011: 3004: 3001:Mimamsa Sutras 2997: 2994:Samkhya Sutras 2990: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2962: 2959:Dharma Shastra 2954: 2953: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2929: 2922: 2915: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2883: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2834: 2827: 2820: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2792: 2785: 2778: 2771: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2715: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2649: 2642: 2634: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2611: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2596: 2593:Shvetashvatara 2589: 2582: 2575: 2568: 2565:Brihadaranyaka 2560: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2545: 2537: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2484: 2477: 2470: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2375:Upasni Maharaj 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2201:Vedanta Desika 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2121:Samarth Ramdas 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2071:Purandara Dasa 2068: 2063: 2058: 2056:Nimbarkacharya 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1976:Jayanta Bhatta 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1506:Raksha Bandhan 1503: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1388:Simantonnayana 1385: 1380: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1337:Carnatic music 1334: 1329: 1324: 1322:Bhagavata Mela 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1266:Kundalini yoga 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1003: 1000: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 903: 902: 899: 896: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 829: 824: 819: 813: 812: 809: 806: 805: 800: 795: 790: 784: 783: 777: 776: 771: 768: 767: 762: 757: 751: 750: 745: 742: 741: 736: 731: 726: 720: 719: 716:Stages of life 714: 711: 710: 705: 700: 695: 689: 688: 683: 680: 679: 677:God and gender 674: 669: 663: 662: 659: 656: 655: 650: 645: 644: 643: 638: 627: 626: 621: 618: 617: 612: 610:Gross elements 607: 602: 597: 591: 590: 587: 584: 583: 578: 572: 571: 568: 565: 560: 559: 556: 555: 552: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 485: 484: 478: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 421: 420: 411: 410: 400: 397: 396: 391: 386: 380: 379: 374: 371: 370: 365: 360: 354: 353: 348: 345: 340: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 324: 321: 320: 315: 310: 305: 299: 298: 295: 292: 287: 286: 283: 282: 279: 278: 273: 268: 266:Itihasa-Purana 257: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 203: 202: 197: 189: 188: 180: 179: 173: 172: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5285: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5240: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5218:Odia calendar 5216: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5205: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5161:Wooden crafts 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4991:Savitri Brata 4989: 4987: 4986:Samba Dashami 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4971:Prathamastami 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4946:Kumar Purnima 4944: 4942: 4941:Gamha Purnima 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4916:Boita Bandana 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4874: 4873:Sakhi kandhei 4871: 4869: 4868:Ravana chhaya 4866: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4644:Kathi Kandhei 4642: 4640: 4639:Kandhei nacha 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4512: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4417:Uttar Pradesh 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4145: 4140: 4138: 4133: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4122: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4084: 4082:9781139814638 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4033: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4008: 4007:Baitala deula 4000: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3992:Konark temple 3983: 3981:Pidhha Mohana 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3907:Baitala Deula 3904: 3901:Sculpture of 3897: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3875:Baitala deula 3870: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3807: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3732: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3708:Geomorphology 3705: 3698:Naga Bāndhēṇi 3695: 3693: 3692:Vastu Shastra 3682: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3665:Chhita Sāhaṇa 3664: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3650: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3625:Vastu Shastra 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3599: 3596: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3537: 3532: 3530: 3525: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3409:Hindu culture 3407: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3375: 3374: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3361:Organisations 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3086: 3085:Yoga Vasistha 3082: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3050:Natya Shastra 3047: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2987:Brahma Sutras 2984: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2933:Sthapatyaveda 2930: 2928: 2927: 2926:Gandharvaveda 2923: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2889: 2888: 2887:Varaha Purana 2884: 2882: 2881: 2880:Skanda Purana 2877: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2817:Brahma Purana 2814: 2812: 2811: 2810:Garuda Purana 2807: 2805: 2804: 2803:Matsya Purana 2800: 2798: 2797: 2796:Vāmana Purana 2793: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2769: 2768:Vishnu Purana 2765: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2713: 2712:Bhagavad Gita 2709: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2295:Radhakrishnan 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2275:Narayana Guru 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2255:Jaggi Vasudev 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2245:Chinmayananda 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2106:Ramprasad Sen 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1956:Gorakshanatha 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1896:Allama Prabhu 1894: 1892: 1891:Akka Mahadevi 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1881:Abhinavagupta 1879: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1830:Prashastapada 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1690:Other schools 1688: 1687: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1666:Shuddhadvaita 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 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3656: 3648: 3610: 3602:Architecture 3592: 3547: 3545: 3468: / 3464: / 3460: / 3456: / 3454:and Buddhism 3452: / 3416:Architecture 3379:Other topics 3317: 3300: 3272:Four varnas: 3271: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3214: 3207: 3200: 3193: 3186: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3097: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3069: 3062: 3057:Panchatantra 3055: 3048: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3013: 3008:Nyāya Sūtras 3006: 2999: 2992: 2985: 2978: 2971: 2966:Artha Śastra 2964: 2957: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2910: 2892: 2885: 2878: 2873:Kūrma Purana 2871: 2866:Linga Purana 2864: 2859:Shiva Purana 2857: 2850: 2845:Padma Purana 2843: 2836: 2829: 2822: 2815: 2808: 2801: 2794: 2787: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2743: 2736: 2721:s (Hinduism) 2718: 2710: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2631:Atharvaveda: 2630: 2621: 2614: 2607: 2598: 2591: 2584: 2577: 2570: 2563: 2556: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2495: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2465: 2345:Shraddhanand 2320:Ravi Shankar 2300:R. D. Ranade 2161:Śyāma Śastri 2156:Swaminarayan 2116:Rupa Goswami 2026:Morya Gosavi 1986:Jiva Goswami 1886:Adi Shankara 1712:Pratyabhijña 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1443:Samavartanam 1423:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1408:Annaprashana 1332:Dandiya Raas 1307:Mohiniyattam 1200:Nididhyāsana 1005:Epistemology 937:Brahmacharya 817:Ātman (self) 780: 724:Brahmacharya 653:Saccidānanda 605:Panchikarana 481: 414: 405: / 401:Other major 325: 259: 258: 213: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 5129:Handicrafts 5108:Jhoti chita 5103:Pattachitra 5089:Handicrafts 5048:Dhalapathar 5001:Snana Jatra 4996:Sitalsasthi 4976:Ratha Jatra 4842:Dhanu Jatra 4709:Pasu nrutya 4659:Naga nrutya 4629:Jodi sankha 4594:Chutkuchuta 4574:Bagha Nacha 4438:Bhubaneswar 4412:Uttarakhand 4392:Maharashtra 4011:Bhubaneswar 3962:Piḍha deuḷa 3948:Bhubaneswar 3936:Meru Shaili 3933:Ratha Yukta 3918:Rekhā deuḷa 3911:Bhubaneswar 3903:Alasa Kanya 3883:Bhubaneswar 3835:Bhubaneswar 3822:lalatabimba 3788:Garbhagruha 3726:Scale Model 3677:Niḷa Kusāṇa 3674:Rasa Chiṇḍa 3671:Dhobā Kuṇḍa 3668:Baḍa Pagaḍa 3633:Agni Purana 3462:and Judaism 3458:and Sikhism 3426:Iconography 3351:Nationalism 3344:Persecution 3128:Shiva Stuti 3022:Yoga Sutras 2852:Agni Purana 2754:Other texts 2745:Mahabharata 2488:Atharvaveda 2385:Vivekananda 2310:Rama Tirtha 2305:Ramakrishna 2280:Nigamananda 2270:Mahesh Yogi 2146:Sripadaraja 2136:Siddheshwar 2031:Mukundarāja 2011:Madhusūdana 2001:Kanaka Dasa 1921:Chakradhara 1865:Yajnavalkya 1855:Vishvamitra 1724:Pancharatra 1622:Vaisheshika 1578:Ratha Yatra 1526:Janmashtami 1521:Rama Navami 1438:Ritushuddhi 1413:Chudakarana 1403:Nishkramana 1373:Garbhadhana 1342:Pandav Lila 1251:Bhakti yoga 1136:Prāyaścitta 907:Niti śastra 755:Bhakti yoga 734:Vānaprastha 549:Vishvakarma 482:Post-Vedic: 318:Vaishnavism 260:Traditional 139:Bhubaneswar 5252:Categories 5207:Calendar ( 5156:Stoneworks 5078:Sambalpuri 5038:Berhampuri 4931:Durga Puja 4926:Dola Jatra 4911:Bali Jatra 4837:Dasakathia 4719:Sakhi 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4402:Rajasthan 4382:Karnataka 4278:Dravidian 4104:(in Odia) 4028:Footnotes 4005:Example: 3990:Example: 3820:as their 3814:Gajalaxmi 3768:elephants 3639:Sthapati. 3476:Criticism 3470:and Islam 3431:Mythology 3284:Kshatriya 3216:Athichudi 3153:Tirumurai 3071:Tirumurai 2680:Vyākaraṇa 2616:Chandogya 2608:Samaveda: 2496:Divisions 2474:Yajurveda 2434:Ātmatuṣṭi 2390:Yogananda 2365:Trailanga 2360:Sivananda 2225:Aurobindo 2211:Vyasaraja 2176:Tyagaraja 2126:Sankardev 2096:Ramananda 1991:Jñāneśvar 1966:Harivansh 1951:Gaudapada 1911:Chaitanya 1850:Vashistha 1820:Patanjali 1800:Jamadagni 1719:Vaishnava 1707:Pashupata 1484:Navaratri 1461:Festivals 1428:Upanayana 1393:Jatakarma 1378:Pumsavana 1297:Kuchipudi 1292:Kathakali 1261:Rāja yoga 1195:Samādhāna 1076:Prarthana 1050:Practices 977:Svādhyāya 581:Mythology 576:Cosmology 569:Worldview 514:Kartikeya 445:Prajapati 384:Saraswati 5239:Category 5141:Tarakasi 5087:Arts and 5073:Pasapali 4861:Puppetry 4818:puppetry 4797:Khanjani 4684:Samprada 4579:Chadheia 4365:By state 4288:Chalukya 4266:Rock-cut 4261:Nilachal 4227:Shikhara 4202:Harappan 4192:Buddhist 3879:Chamunda 3716:Topology 3580:Chamunda 3489:Glossary 3421:Calendar 3356:Hindutva 3279:Brahmana 2950:samhitas 2942:Shastras 2912:Ayurveda 2903:Upavedas 2738:Ramayana 2729:Itihasas 2695:Jyotisha 2662:Vedangas 2646:Mandukya 2542:Aitareya 2534:Rigveda: 2513:Aranyaka 2508:Brahmana 2481:Samaveda 2196:Valluvar 2191:Vallabha 2171:Tulsidas 2101:Ramanuja 2051:Nayanars 2036:Namadeva 1873:Medieval 1815:Kashyapa 1731:Charvaka 1702:Kapalika 1566:Puthandu 1556:Vaisakhi 1453:Antyesti 1433:Keshanta 1357:Adimurai 1352:Silambam 1317:Sattriya 1302:Manipuri 987:Mitahara 967:Santosha 927:Achourya 739:Sannyasa 729:Gṛhastha 588:Ontology 562:Concepts 350:Trimurti 313:Smartism 308:Shaktism 303:Shaivism 177:Hinduism 169:a series 167:Part of 99:May 2013 5209:Panjika 5146:Ganjapa 5136:Chandua 4936:Nuakhai 4886:Wedding 4802:Kendara 4619:Ghumura 4614:Dhuduki 4599:Dalkhai 4546:Gotipua 4463:Lucknow 4443:Chennai 4431:By city 4377:Gujarat 4298:Kadamba 4293:Hoysala 4242:Sekhari 4232:Bhumija 4217:Kalinga 3556:Kalinga 3494:Outline 3289:Vaishya 3257:Society 3108:Stotras 2759:Puranas 2685:Nirukta 2675:Chandas 2670:Shiksha 2653:Prashna 2639:Mundaka 2503:Samhita 2467:Rigveda 2330:Samarth 2166:Tukaram 2111:Ravidas 1845:Valmiki 1795:Jaimini 1765:Angiras 1760:Agastya 1752:Ancient 1638:Advaita 1632:Vedanta 1627:Mīmāṃsā 1607:Samkhya 1494:Ramlila 1236:Sādhanā 1126:Tarpana 1111:Kīrtana 1106:Bhajana 1057:Worship 982:Shaucha 957:Akrodha 803:Saṃsāra 667:Ishvara 636:Nirguna 631:Brahman 595:Tattvas 519:Krishna 504:Hanuman 499:Ganesha 435:Chandra 430:Ashvins 394:Parvati 389:Lakshmi 376:Tridevi 342:Deities 249:Śramaṇa 229:History 210:Origins 200:History 83:scholar 5171:Dhokra 5118:Idital 5063:Kotpad 4807:Dhumpa 4792:Odissi 4765:Paraja 4750:Kandha 4745:Gadaba 4733:Tribal 4724:Suanga 4704:Tamasa 4674:Ranapa 4654:Nachni 4624:Jhumar 4556:Odissi 4551:Mahari 4468:Mumbai 4458:Jaipur 4397:Odisha 4387:Kerala 4372:Bengal 4334:Sharqi 4327:Akbari 4322:Mughal 4256:Meitei 4237:Latina 4212:Nagara 4175:Bengal 4079:  3996:Konark 3887:Odisha 3843:Konark 3841:& 3806:Odisha 3720:Odisha 3662:Sahaṇa 3568:Vishnu 3564:Odisha 3294:Shudra 3112:stutis 2948:, and 2946:sutras 2600:Maitri 2325:Ramdas 2218:Modern 2151:Surdas 2016:Madhva 1936:Eknath 1906:Basava 1901:Alvars 1835:Raikva 1825:Pāṇini 1810:Kapila 1805:Kanada 1790:Gotama 1697:Shaiva 1645:Dvaita 1546:Pongal 1469:Diwali 1448:Vivaha 1312:Odissi 1287:Kathak 1226:Yogini 1190:Dhyana 1141:Tirtha 1096:Bhakti 1086:Temple 1081:Śrauta 962:Arjava 922:Ahimsa 917:Niyama 900:Ethics 708:Moksha 693:Dharma 641:Saguna 539:Shakti 524:Kubera 470:Varuna 450:Pushan 363:Vishnu 358:Brahma 195:Hindus 158:Odisha 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  5196:Deula 4847:Jatra 4784:Music 4770:Saura 4740:Desia 4714:Patua 4634:Karma 4589:Chhau 4530:Dance 4448:Delhi 4197:Dzong 4185:Ratna 4180:Chala 4170:Assam 4158:Types 3800:Deula 3794:Deuḷa 3761:Sanku 3616:time. 3595:Sakta 3584:Durga 3576:Shiva 3572:Surya 3560:Utkal 3311:Dalit 3264:Varna 3181:Kural 2719:Agama 2690:Kalpa 2586:Katha 2458:Vedas 2429:Ācāra 2424:Smṛti 2419:Śruti 2403:Texts 1996:Kabir 1860:Vyasa 1770:Aruni 1617:Nyaya 1571:Vishu 1551:Ugadi 1231:Asana 1216:Sadhu 1185:Tapas 1156:Matha 1146:Yatra 1131:Vrata 1116:Yajna 1091:Murti 972:Tapas 947:Damah 942:Satya 912:Yamas 798:Karma 698:Artha 615:Guṇas 529:Radha 494:Durga 465:Ushas 460:Surya 455:Rudra 440:Indra 416:Vedic 407:Devis 403:Devas 368:Shiva 90:JSTOR 76:books 5151:Clay 5096:Arts 5068:Ikat 4981:Raja 4760:Onra 4755:Koya 4699:Lila 4664:Pala 4566:Folk 4356:Sikh 4351:Jain 4077:ISBN 3956:Puri 3839:Puri 3582:and 3574:and 3546:The 3325:Jāti 3110:and 2623:Kena 2572:Isha 1780:Atri 1612:Yoga 1561:Bihu 1531:Onam 1474:Holi 1274:Arts 1221:Yogi 1208:Yoga 1171:Sevā 1166:Dāna 1121:Homa 1101:Japa 1071:Ārtī 1066:Puja 992:Dāna 952:Dayā 810:Mind 793:Maya 703:Kama 544:Sita 534:Rama 509:Kali 475:Vayu 425:Agni 327:List 154:Puri 133:The 62:news 4069:doi 3950:), 3905:at 3816:in 660:God 156:in 45:by 5254:: 4075:. 4044:. 4009:, 3994:, 3958:) 3909:, 3885:, 3881:, 3837:, 3722:. 3714:, 3710:, 3631:, 3627:, 3623:, 3570:, 2944:, 648:Om 171:on 5211:) 4515:e 4508:t 4501:v 4143:e 4136:t 4129:v 4085:. 4071:: 3954:( 3946:( 3889:. 3770:. 3763:. 3535:e 3528:t 3521:v 3304:: 418:: 160:. 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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Lingaraja Temple
Bhubaneswar

The Jagannath Temple
Puri
Odisha
a series
Hinduism

Hindus
History
Hindu synthesis
History
Indus Valley Civilisation
Historical Vedic religion
Dravidian folk religion
Śramaṇa

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