22:
143:, found his friend Tyers in a depressed state trying to decide whether it was better to commit suicide by drowning or hanging himself. Hogarth's artworks were satires designed to communicate a moral lesson in a humorous manner and he suggested Tyers should use similar methods to educate those seeking entertainment at the Gardens. As an art collector with diverse interests Tyers already had a wide variety of friends in the artistic community and he commissioned several artists including
131:, who owned the land the gardens were on, was among the paying visitors. The entertainment on offer was advertised as scenes portraying pieces entitled "The House of Ambition", "The House of Avarice", "The House of Bacchus", "The House of Lust" and "The Palace of Pleasure". But the moralistic undertones of the presentations were a disappointment to their audiences; the next
59:
In 1728 Tyers signed a thirty-year lease of the land on which New Spring
Gardens was sited. At that time it was little more than a rural brothel, and Tyers set himself the task of transforming the gardens into a family-friendly venue by installing lights and commissioning new entertainments. But with
104:, when Tyers leased the gardens – for an annual payment of £250 (equivalent to £43,000 in 2023) – the venue was little more than a "much frequented rural brothel". Under Tyers' management, and later ownership, however, the gardens gradually gained a degree of respectability..
187:
garden he installed in the grounds became notorious. In contrast to the cheerfulness and merriment of Tyers' Vauxhall
Gardens, The Valley of the Shadow of Death as it was known was designed to constantly remind visitors of their mortality. David Coke and Alan Borg, authors of
155:
as well as
Hogarth to undertake the task of transforming the gardens. The venue and its entertainments were promoted as being family friendly, yet to retain his profit margins Tyers ensured some areas remained unlit for the benefit of the sex workers.
71:
in Surrey. In contrast to the merriment of
Vauxhall Gardens, The Valley of the Shadow of Death, as the garden at Denbies was known, was designed as a reminder of man's mortality. Tyers died at his home in Vauxhall Gardens in 1767, and his sons
702:
Doderer-Winkler, Melanie, Chapter "Delightful
Pleasures at Vauxhall Gardens", in Magnificent Entertainments: Temporary Architecture for Georgian Festivals, Yale University Press for The Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, 2013,
92:, and his wife, Ann. Jonathan married Elizabeth Fermor (1700–1771) some time in the early 1720s, and together they had four children: Margaret (1724–1786), Thomas (1724/5–1787), Jonathan, and Elizabeth (1727–1802).
95:
Prior to Tyers securing a thirty-year lease of New Spring
Gardens from Elizabeth Masters in 1728, little else is known about his early life, except that he had worked in Bermondsey trading skins for the
192:(2012) have suggested that the contrast between the two gardens may have been symptomatic of "some sort of psychological imbalance" within Tyers, perhaps even "a form of
183:
The house Tyers built by converting some of the farm buildings appears to have been of little architectural significance as very little is known about it, but the
558:
303:
204:
Tyers died at his home in
Vauxhall pleasure gardens on either 26 June or 1 July 1767. The Denbies estate was subsequently sold, and his sons
610:
552:
505:
647:
135:, staged a fortnight later, was poorly attended and a financial disaster. Shortly after the second ridotto, the artist
575:
438:
726:
665:
172:, Surrey, where he built himself a weekend retreat. Tyers heard a milkmaid singing near there and arranged for
152:
148:
128:
60:
one eye on his profits, he left some areas unlit, to allow sex workers to continue plying their trade.
526:
147:, – who Tyers later employed as his artistic director, a role he held for thirty years –
21:
606:
675:
124:
101:
721:
716:
685:
553:"Vincent [née Burchell; other married name Mills], Isabella (1734/5–1802), singer"
8:
497:
36:(10 April 1702 – 1767) became the proprietor of New Spring Gardens, later known as
357:
230:
176:
to be trained as a singer and brought to London from in 1751. She was employed at his
661:
643:
571:
115:
The first major event Tyers organised at the gardens was on 7 June 1732. Styled as a
563:
349:
308:
193:
177:
173:
37:
592:
326:
637:
236:
136:
41:
567:
312:
241:
237:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
184:
144:
26:
297:
123:
in Italy was a fancy-dress ball held outside – 400 visitors paid the one
710:
636:
Coke, David (1984), "Vauxhall
Pleasure Gardens", in Snodin, Michael (ed.),
205:
89:
73:
53:
49:
439:"Vauxhall Gardens: A History by David E Coke and Alan Borg – review"
97:
85:
63:
Tyers set out a quite different style of garden at his weekend home of
45:
361:
406:
Coke, David (May 2012), "Vauxhall
Gardens: Patriotism and Pleasure",
353:
48:, London. Opened in 1661, it was situated on the south bank of the
674:
Lockman, John (1841) , Forrester, Alfred Henry; Bunn, A. (eds.),
169:
165:
140:
68:
64:
340:
McGairl, Pamela (November 1986), "The
Vauxhall Jubilee, 1786",
208:
and Jonathan became joint proprietors of the pleasure garden.
76:
and Jonathan became joint proprietors of the pleasure garden.
607:"England's Lost Country Houses – Denbies [I]"
372:
370:
658:
The House on the Hill: the Story of Ranmore and Denbies
367:
100:
company owned by his family. According to the scholar
84:
Jonathan Tyers was born on 10 April 1702, probably in
418:
472:
460:
16:
Proprietor of Vauxhall Gardens in London (1702–1767)
562:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
551:
296:
448:
708:
261:Tyers became the owner of the Gardens in 1758.
139:, who had an apartment near to the gardens at
88:, Surrey, and was the son of Thomas Tyers, a
307:(online ed.), Oxford University Press,
639:Rococo: Art and Design in Hogarth's England
223:
599:
491:
489:
487:
52:on a site almost opposite the present-day
655:
376:
233:inflation figures are based on data from
20:
683:
673:
559:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
495:
484:
478:
466:
424:
339:
304:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
709:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
387:
385:
333:
294:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
544:
436:
234:
635:
454:
430:
405:
613:from the original on 20 August 2015
498:"The English pleasures of Vauxhall"
382:
275:
199:
110:
13:
696:
25:Jonathan Tyers and his family, by
14:
738:
656:Fortescue, Stephen E. D. (1993),
496:Barrell, John (25 January 2012),
508:from the original on 26 May 2015
628:
519:
168:, a farmhouse and grounds near
255:
1:
527:"Singers at Vauxhall Gardens"
502:The Times Literary Supplement
298:"Tyers, Jonathan (1702–1767)"
211:
687:The Works of William Hogarth
593:UK public library membership
437:Moore, Rowan (1 July 2011),
327:UK public library membership
268:
7:
190:Vauxhall Gardens: A History
10:
743:
159:
129:Frederick, Prince of Wales
216:
164:In 1734 Tyers purchased
153:Louis-François Roubiliac
149:Hubert-François Gravelot
531:www.vauxhallgardens.com
235:Clark, Gregory (2017),
79:
727:English businesspeople
684:Trusler, John (1833),
568:10.1093/ref:odnb/64360
313:10.1093/ref:odnb/27933
30:
295:Ranger, Paul (2005),
24:
677:The Vauxhall papers
231:Retail Price Index
31:
649:978-0-86294-046-1
642:, Trefoil Books,
609:, Lost Heritage,
591:(Subscription or
348:(1726): 611–615,
342:The Musical Times
325:(Subscription or
180:for ten seasons.
127:entrance charge.
117:Ridotto al Fresco
734:
703:pp. 78–117.
691:
680:
670:
652:
622:
621:
620:
618:
603:
597:
596:
588:
586:
584:
555:
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
523:
517:
516:
515:
513:
493:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
445:
434:
428:
422:
416:
415:
403:
380:
377:Fortescue (1993)
374:
365:
364:
337:
331:
330:
322:
321:
319:
300:
292:
262:
259:
253:
252:
251:
249:
227:
200:Death and legacy
194:bipolar disorder
178:Vauxhall Gardens
174:Isabella Vincent
111:Vauxhall Gardens
38:Vauxhall Gardens
742:
741:
737:
736:
735:
733:
732:
731:
707:
706:
699:
697:Further reading
694:
668:
650:
631:
626:
625:
616:
614:
605:
604:
600:
590:
582:
580:
578:
550:
549:
545:
535:
533:
525:
524:
520:
511:
509:
494:
485:
477:
473:
465:
461:
453:
449:
435:
431:
423:
419:
404:
383:
375:
368:
338:
334:
324:
317:
315:
293:
276:
271:
266:
265:
260:
256:
247:
245:
228:
224:
219:
214:
202:
162:
137:William Hogarth
113:
107:
82:
42:pleasure garden
17:
12:
11:
5:
740:
730:
729:
724:
719:
705:
704:
698:
695:
693:
692:
681:
671:
666:
653:
648:
632:
630:
627:
624:
623:
598:
576:
543:
518:
483:
479:Trusler (1833)
471:
467:Trusler (1833)
459:
447:
429:
425:Lockman (1841)
417:
381:
366:
354:10.2307/964270
332:
273:
272:
270:
267:
264:
263:
254:
242:MeasuringWorth
221:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
201:
198:
161:
158:
145:Francis Hayman
112:
109:
81:
78:
34:Jonathan Tyers
29:, c. 1740
27:Francis Hayman
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
739:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
712:
701:
700:
689:
688:
682:
679:
678:
672:
669:
663:
659:
654:
651:
645:
641:
640:
634:
633:
612:
608:
602:
594:
579:
577:9780198614111
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:
554:
547:
532:
528:
522:
507:
503:
499:
492:
490:
488:
480:
475:
468:
463:
456:
451:
444:
440:
433:
427:, p. 115
426:
421:
413:
409:
408:History Today
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
390:
388:
386:
378:
373:
371:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
336:
328:
314:
310:
306:
305:
299:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
274:
258:
244:
243:
238:
232:
226:
222:
209:
207:
197:
195:
191:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:South Lambeth
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
108:
105:
103:
99:
98:fellmongering
93:
91:
87:
77:
75:
70:
66:
61:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
19:
686:
676:
657:
638:
629:Bibliography
615:, retrieved
601:
581:. Retrieved
557:
546:
534:. Retrieved
530:
521:
510:, retrieved
501:
474:
462:
457:, p. 83
450:
443:The Guardian
442:
432:
420:
411:
407:
379:, p. 26
345:
341:
335:
316:, retrieved
302:
257:
246:, retrieved
240:
225:
203:
189:
182:
163:
132:
120:
116:
114:
106:
102:John Lockman
94:
90:wool-stapler
83:
62:
58:
54:Tate Britain
50:River Thames
40:, a popular
33:
32:
18:
722:1767 deaths
717:1702 births
481:, p. 6
469:, p. 5
455:Coke (1984)
711:Categories
667:095209150X
595:required.)
329:required.)
212:References
119: – a
86:Bermondsey
46:Kennington
269:Citations
617:15 April
611:archived
512:15 April
506:archived
318:15 April
690:, Jones
583:18 July
536:18 July
170:Dorking
166:Denbies
160:Denbies
133:ridotto
121:ridotto
69:Dorking
67:, near
65:Denbies
664:
646:
589:
574:
362:964270
360:
323:
206:Thomas
185:Gothic
125:guinea
74:Thomas
358:JSTOR
248:7 May
217:Notes
662:ISBN
644:ISBN
619:2015
585:2020
572:ISBN
538:2020
514:2015
320:2015
250:2024
80:Life
564:doi
414:(5)
350:doi
346:127
309:doi
229:UK
196:".
44:in
713::
660:,
570:.
556:.
529:.
504:,
500:,
486:^
441:,
412:62
410:,
384:^
369:^
356:,
344:,
301:,
277:^
239:,
151:,
56:.
587:.
566::
540:.
352::
311::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
