Jonathan Belcher - Knowledge

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London eventually required his replacement. Before the issues of 1739 most of the efforts to unseat Belcher had failed: Belcher himself noted that year that "the warr I am ingag'd in is carrying on in much the same manner as for 9 years past." Historian Stephen Foster further notes that someone as powerful as Newcastle was at the time generally had much weightier issues to deal with than arbitrating colonial politics. In this instance, however, imperial and colonial considerations coincided over the need for Massachusetts to provide a significant number of troops for Newcastle's proposed West Indies expedition. In April 1740 Newcastle in effect offered Shirley the opportunity to prove, in the light of Belcher's political difficulties, that he could more effectively raise troops than the governor could. Shirley consequently engaged in recruiting, principally outside Massachusetts (where Belcher had refused his offers of assistance, understanding what was going on), and deluged Newcastle with documentation of his successes while Belcher was preoccupied with the banking crisis. Newcastle handed the issue off to Martin Bladen, secretary to the Board of Trade and a known Belcher opponent. The Board of Trade then apparently decided, based on the weight of the evidence, that Belcher needed to be replaced. In April 1741 the Privy Council approved William Shirley's commission as governor of Massachusetts, and Benning Wentworth's commission as governor of New Hampshire was issued the following June.

990:(then the provincial capital), he married (for the second time) Louise Teale, a widow he met in London, in September 1748. The political situation he arrive in was highly acrimonious, and there had been riots in the previous year over widespread disagreements on land titles between land owners, who controlled the provincial council, and farmers and tenants, who controlled the assembly. Most legislation had been stalled since 1744 due to the inability of assembly, council, and governor to resolve differences on these issues. Governor Morris' high-handed actions in support of the proprietors had united previously divided populist factions against him and the council. The province was also a rural patchwork of different cultures and religions, unlike predominantly English and Congregationalist New England. 1033:, with whom Belcher found religious agreement. However, Quaker leaders and the proprietors had expressed great reservations about the Presbyterians' drive to gain a charter for the school (on the grounds that it would be used as a vehicle for converting their children), and Governor Morris had refused to grant one. After his death, council president John Hamilton, acting prior to Belcher's appointment, granted the charter. The college's opponents pressured Belcher to withdraw the charter; he instead adopted the college as a cause to support, and expanded its board to include a diversity of religious views. When its first building was constructed in 1754, the college's board wanted to name it after Belcher, but he demurred, preferring it to be named in honor of 918:

introduction of competing banking proposals in the province. One faction dominated by landowners proposed a land bank, while merchants proposed a bank that would issue silver-backed paper. The proposals polarized the Massachusetts political establishment, and Belcher was unable to take sides for fear of alienating supporters on either side. He instead sought without success to browbeat the assembly into passing a currency retirement scheme acceptable to London. In 1740 elections land bank supporters swept into office, and the bank began issuing notes. Merchant interests opposed to the land bank began widespread lobbying in London for Parliamentary relief (which came in 1741, when it passed legislation extending the 1720

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lands in all of northern New England. This work was in opposition to a significant number of Belcher's supporters, who engaged in illegal logging on those lands, behavior explicitly countenanced by the governor. Belcher took all steps possible to ensure Dunbar could not exercise any significant powers, refusing to seat him on the council, and making frequent trips from Boston to Portsmouth to exercise his authority personally. The two men disliked one another, and Dunbar began moving supporters in London to lobby for Belcher's replacement not long after his appointment in 1731. The illegal logging activity by Belcher's allies eventually came to the attention of

3429: 1206:, a signer of the Declaration of Independence). The body of Judge Jonathan Remington was disinterred and placed by his side. The monument which the governor had directed to be raised over his resting-place was never erected. The tomb became the family vault of Jennisons (Gov. Belcher's granddaughter married Dr. Timothy Lindall Jennison). The site of their grave was forgotten and long search has been made for it. In the late 1800s, local historians found that Gov. Jonathan Belcher and Judge Jonathan Remington were buried in one grave in 1022:

negotiation between the parties, and sought to maintain a position as a neutral arbiter of the dispute. Because he had been propelled into the office by antiproprietary interests, he refused to unconditionally support the council in moves to advance proprietary interests, but also received little support from the assembly. Because the assembly and council divided over the issue of how to tax undeveloped lands (which the proprietors owned in large amounts), the government was short of funds between 1748 and 1751.

893: 766:(whose appointment to that post in 1715 he had ironically managed to supersede by lobbying for Dummer's appointment), and recommended that Jeremiah Dummer (with whom his relations had become seriously strained) be dismissed as colonial agent. He was well received in Massachusetts upon his arrival in 1731, but immediately began to purge opponents and their supporters from positions over which he had control. This immediately put all on notice that he would freely use patronage power as a political weapon. 505: 755: 950: 1143:: arrogant, vindictive, often impetuous despite a most solemn belief in rational action and calculated maneuver." Once he acquired the governorship, he took potential assaults on his power personally, and reacted vindictively in attempts to destroy or marginalize his enemies. In personal correspondence with friends, family, and supporters, he used condescending names to refer to his opponents, and he applied pressure to the press in Boston to ensure reasonably favorable coverage of him. 1078: 4146: 1191: 937:. Belcher, who was expected to raise about 400 men, promised to raise 1,000, but was only able to raise about 500 in Massachusetts, and not even the 100 he had promised from New Hampshire. This was due in part on the reluctance of the extra companies to travel to the Caribbean without assurances of pay and supply. Belcher also, in pursuit of the financial agenda, vetoed bills to issue currency with which to fund the militia that were raised. 333: 661: 839:, a bitter opponent of the Wentworths and a relative by marriage. As John Wentworth had, during his long tenure as lieutenant governor, established a large power base with both the province's land owners and merchants, this made him many powerful enemies. Biographer Michael Batinski theorizes that it was Waldron's influence that drove Belcher to strip many Wentworths and their allies from patronage positions. 1014: 884:

to establish a commission on the boundary issue. Despite Belcher's attempts to orchestrate legislative proceedings to the advantage of Massachusetts (for example, allowing the New Hampshire assembly only one day to prepare a case on the dispute while that of Massachusetts had several months), the final ruling on the boundary, issued in 1739, went significantly in New Hampshire's favor.

589:. Before returning to Massachusetts he once again traveled to Hanover, where he was well received at court. The war effort caused economic upheavals in Massachusetts, and the Belchers, who stockpiled grain and other supplies for military use, became a focus for popular discontent when food shortages arose late in the war. The family's warehouses were the 636:). In 1735 he reported having invested £15,000 in these ventures, which failed in part because under British law at the time it was illegal to smelt copper in the colonies, necessitating the costly shipment of ores to England. He eventually established a technically illegal smelting operation. (The Simsbury site, later 746:

colonial politicians that he was acting in their interest, while also working to convince London colonial administrators he was implementing their policies. Historian William Pencak writes that as a consequence, "By trying to keep on good terms with the province and the administration he lost the respect of both."

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able to convince the Board of Trade to appoint some of their number to the provincial council over his objections. Belcher made repeated unsuccessful attempts to get sympathetic assemblies, calling for elections ten times during his tenure. The intransigent legislatures refused to enact his legislative proposals.

1182:, is named in recognition of someone from a different time and lineage in the Belcher family genealogy.) Governor Belcher is twice mentioned in Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Old Esther Dudley," one of the stories that make up "Legends of the Province House," a quartet of tales that first appeared in 1838–39. 917:

Matters became more complicated in 1739 due to London politics and a currency crisis in Massachusetts. Belcher had been ordered to effect the retirement of a large amount of Massachusetts paper currency by 1741, and the legislation to accomplish this was rejected by the Board of Trade, leading to the

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by Massachusetts residents. The dispute eventually reached the highest levels of government and court in England. New Hampshire's advocates for separation from Massachusetts found an able spokesman in John Thomlinson, a London merchant with logging interests, who in 1737 convinced the Board of Trade

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In accepting the appointment he was effectively promising to argue in the colony in favor of the position he had been sent to London to argue against. During Belcher's long tenure (he served from 1730 to 1741, one of the longer tenures of a Massachusetts provincial governor) he would argue with the

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The exact reasons for Belcher's dismissal have been a recurring subject of scholarly interest, due to the many colonial, imperial, and political factors at play. Two principal themes within these analyses are Belcher's acquisition of many local enemies, and the idea that good imperial governance in

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were harmed by Belcher's support of illegal logging. David Dunbar resigned as lieutenant governor in 1737 and went to London, where he provided documentation of the logging practices. These forces united with Thomlinson in an effort to orchestrate the replacement of Belcher, preferably with Shirley

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The fact that he had been supplanted by Shirley came as a surprise to Belcher. He had expected to lose the New Hampshire governorship, but was shocked when news of Shirley's commissioning arrived. Following Shirley's inauguration Belcher retired to his Milton estate. Seemingly restless and in some

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Belcher also sought to improve business conditions in Boston. While on his tours of Europe he had opportunity to witness the comparatively orderly markets in Dutch cities; he used what he learned from those experiences to significantly reform the previously chaotic markets of Boston. (His positive

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in particular to gain exemptions from church taxes. He was willing to countenance such an exemption for the relatively modest number of Quakers, but refused to support one for the more numerous and politically connected Anglicans until it was apparent in 1735 that he would be instructed to do so.

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arrived in 1728 as governor, Belcher was unexpectedly elected moderator of Boston's town meeting in an election apparently engineered by Cooke. In Burnet's dispute with the assembly over his salary (which exceeded that of Shute in its acrimony and occupied most of Burnet's brief tenure), Cooke and

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Upon the accession of King George I in 1714, Andrew Belcher sent Jonathan to London, seeking to capitalize on the existing connection to the new king. During this trip Belcher engaged in recruiting for his properties in Connecticut. In addition to hiring an experienced metal refiner in England, he

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was appointed lieutenant governor of New Hampshire after John Wentworth died in December 1730. Dunbar, who was friendly with the Wentworths, was also the king's surveyor, responsible for identifying trees suitable for use as ship masts and ensuring no illegal logging was taking place on ungranted

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The Wentworth power base was also generally unhappy that New Hampshire was tied to Massachusetts with the shared governorship, and many resented the fact that a Massachusetts man occupied the post. Because of their influence, New Hampshire's assembly was hostile to Belcher, and his opponents were

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Although Belcher's arrival prompted some goodwill, resulting in the passage of bills to fund the government and deal with ongoing counterfeiting of the colonial paper currency, divisions soon resurface along the same sectional lines. Belcher believed that the land issues should be resolved by

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to visit his son Jonathan Jr. When he arrived in London he joined the social circles of the Congregationalist and Quaker communities (the latter including among its influential members his brother-in-law Richard Partridge), and called on colonial administrators in the hopes of acquiring a new

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Belcher's merchant interests included the occasional involvement in slave trading. He is known to have owned slaves as well, ordering them from his friend, Isaac Royall Sr. He presented an enslaved Indian to Electress Sophia on his second visit to Hanover in 1708. Despite this, he expressed a

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in 1729 Belcher successfully acquired the governorships of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. During his tenure, Belcher politically marginalized those who he perceived as opposition and made many powerful enemies in both provinces. In a long-running border dispute between Massachusetts and New

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broke out in 1754, when the demands for support of military action brought some unity. The assembly objected to increased funding of the militia in 1755 because Belcher refused to authorize the emission of additional paper currency. It later acceded to demands for increased security, but was

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Belcher was elected to the Massachusetts Governor's Council in 1718. During Shute's tenure Belcher was seen as part of a political faction that generally supported the governor. He was consequently on and off the council several times, blocked by the efforts of populist leader

585:), Belcher's father was retained as a major supplier to the colonial militia and served as the province's commissary general. Belcher was involved in the management of the family's trading activities. In 1708, he traveled again to London, where he secured a major contract with 1068:

in the hopes that his health would improve; it did not. Eventually his hands became paralyzed, and his wife was employed to write for him. He died at his home in Elizabethtown on 31 August 1757; His body was transported to Massachusetts, where he was buried at Cambridge.

1045:. He also supported the establishment of the college's library, to which he bequeathed his personal library. In 1748, Belcher issued a second Charter to the College of New Jersey, since the validity of the initial charter, which was granted in 1746 by Acting Governor 975:, had died. Since New Jersey had a strong Quaker political establishment, Belcher immediately began mobilizing supporters in the London Quaker community to assist in securing the post. Due to this alacrity he was able to get the posting before agents for Morris' son 473:. Belcher and Dummer both went on to political careers in the province, sometimes as allies, but also as opponents. Belcher's five sisters all married into politically or economically prominent families, forging important connections that would further his career. 680:

by the new king. Belcher, along with compatriot Jeremiah Dummer, representing opponents of a land bank proposal that Burges had promised to support, bribed him £1,000 to resign before he left England. Dummer and Belcher were then instrumental in promoting

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By 1736 representatives of Belcher's many political enemies began to coalesce into a unified opposition in London. William Shirley, who sought a more lucrative position, sent his wife to London to lobby on his behalf, making common cause with

3173: 1116:. Belcher had no children with his second wife Louise, although he did prevail on his son Andrew to marry her daughter from her first marriage. Belcher was also the uncle of future Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor 628:. He spent a significant amount of money in an unsuccessful attempt to profitably mine the property for metal ores, particularly copper. In 1714 Belcher expanded his mining interests, acquiring a stake in a mine in 726:

Belcher made common cause over the issue. Belcher was elected by the assembly as an agent to London to explain the colonial position on the governor's salary, and Cooke helped raise the funds needed for the trip.

461:, and some was supposedly conducted with pirates. However he made his money, he became one of the wealthiest men in Massachusetts in the 1680s and 1690s. To promote the family's status, he sent his son to the 1057:

reluctant to support militia for action outside the province's boundaries. Legislators also complained that its meetings were too frequently held at Elizabethtown, primarily because of Belcher's poor health.

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in London. Belcher, however, became increasingly unhappy that Paul Dudley wielded more influence than he did during the administration of William Dummer (who was Dudley's brother-in-law) that followed.

609:, Massachusetts in the early 1700s gave lands in the central portion of the province to Connecticut as compensation for the survey errors, which were in its favor. When Connecticut auctioned off these " 896:

Samuel Waldo, a wealthy Massachusetts businessman with considerable interests in logging, objected to the practice of illegal logging on Crown lands permitted by Belcher during his tenure as governor.

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Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Belcher-Ogden House in Elizabeth, New Jersey, was the residence of the governor in the former provincial capital, then called Elizabethtown.

1261:, then in use in other parts of Europe, dates between January and March were often written with both years. Dates in this article before 1752 are in the Julian calendar unless otherwise noted. 40: 738:. This was accomplished in part by bypassing the Board of Trade and appealing directly to higher level ministers in the government, earning him the enmity of the powerful board secretary, 605:

In addition to the mercantile trade, the Belcher family also had extensive land holdings in New England. Due to errors in early surveys of the line between Massachusetts and neighboring

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had offered his support to Samuel Shute when the governorship became available, and consequently turned on the entire Wentworth clan in retaliation. He took on as an ally and confidant

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In 1729, while Belcher was in London, news arrived that Governor Burnet had died quite suddenly. Belcher lobbied for and was awarded the job of governor of both Massachusetts and

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Despite being treated with indifference by Belcher, William Shirley obtained political prominence and power, later maneuvering to obtain Belcher's removal from office in 1741.

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also recruited German miners; the area near the Simsbury mine became known as "Hanover" as a consequence of their presence. (Belcher had previously toured mines in the

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Allegro, James (March 2002). ""Increasing and Strengthening the Country": Law, Politics, and the Antislavery Movement in Early-Eighteenth-Century Massachusetts Bay".

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Peterson, Mark (2009). Bailyn, Bernard (ed.). "Theopolis Americana: The City-State of Boston, The Republic of Letters, and the Protestant International, 1689–1739".

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merchant and Indian trader. His mother died when he was seven, and his father sent him to live with relatives in the country while he expanded his trading business.

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An Address, Delivered at the Opening of the new Townhall, Ware, Mass., March 31, 1847: Containing Sketches of the Early History of that Town, and its First Settlers

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Belcher became influenced by the theology and preaching of several evangelical clergymen, including George Whitefield (pictured here), who were affiliated with the

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as governor of Massachusetts in 1715, and sat on the colony's council, but became disenchanted with Shute over time and eventually joined the populist faction of

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Foster, Stephen (June 2004). "Another Legend of the Province House: Jonathan Belcher, William Shirley, and the Misconstruction of the Imperial Relationship".

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Belcher graduated from Harvard at the age of 17, and then entered into his father's business. The trading empire his father built encompassed trade from the

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Belcher was unwilling to resolve longstanding boundary disputes between New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The disputed territory included areas west of the

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Belcher's summer home in Milton, Massachusetts, was destroyed by fire in 1776, but portions of it may have survived in its replacement, built by his widow.

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Belcher had a reputation for exhibiting an abrasive personality—something that was said by contemporaries to heighten divisions in New Jersey. Historian

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financial need, he expressed weak interest in the possibility of holding another colonial appointment, and in 1743 traveled to England, stopping in

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Hampshire, Belcher sided with Massachusetts interests despite openly proclaiming neutrality in the matter. It was later discovered that he allowed

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as an alternative to Burges, believing among other things that he was likely to be well received in New England because he was from a prominent

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on 4 October 1716, where he began a difficult and contentious tenure in office. He signaled his partisanship by first taking up residence with

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Born into a wealthy Massachusetts merchant family (his father Andrew Belcher was a tavern owner in Cambridge and grandfather who immigrated to

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During these travels he was exposed to a variety of religious practices, but found regular comfort in Christian services most similar to the

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This article is about the colonial governor of Massachusetts. For his son, the chief justice and lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia, see

2371: 998:, and Belcher found himself welcome there. He regularly attended services there, and was particularly influenced by preachers including 1121: 790: 481: 4765: 3836: 446:, on 8 January 1681/82. The fifth of seven children, his father Andrew was a merchant who was also one of the first slave traders in 933:

in 1739. Part of the war strategy involved the raising of provincial forces to assist in operations against Spanish holdings in the

4815: 4795: 4252: 4192: 4154: 4127: 3886: 3846: 3830: 3287: 3253: 983: 361: 179: 1170:, was destroyed by fire in 1776, but portions of it may have survived in its replacement, built by his widow and now known as the 421:. Through most of his tenure as royal governor, Belcher was ill with a progressive nervous disorder, and died in office in 1757. 4281: 3548: 722: 713:

This struggle continued after Shute left the province at the end of 1722 to prosecute his differences with the assembly with the

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Foster, p. 180, documents at least seven scholarly approaches to the subject, including Batinski and Zemsky referenced here.

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Belcher's administration of New Hampshire started out friendly but rapidly turned sour. He learned that Lieutenant Governor

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One controversial matter that Belcher was able to finesse was the establishment of the College of New Jersey (now known as

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Belcher commissioned this engraved portrait when he was appointed governor of the Massachusetts and New Hampshire colonies.

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family. They also coached Shute on the political situation in the province after he won the appointment. Shute arrived in

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in 1695, where Belcher was listed second (the order of listing being a rough indication of a family's importance) behind

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Peterson, Mark (2002). "The Selling of Joseph: Bostonians, Antislavery, and the Protestant International, 1689–1733".

520:, and included shares or outright ownership of more than 15 ships. In the spring of 1704 Belcher's father sent him to 4265: 2804: 2718: 2630: 4730:(as amended in 2005), an acting governor serving for 180 continuous days or more is conferred the title of Governor. 4359: 4096: 3615: 2509: 786: 4775: 4119: 3876: 925:

While this crisis brewed in Massachusetts, the ascendant Duke of Newcastle successfully pressured Prime Minister

4727: 4314: 574:. He eventually came to see himself as a defender of that faith practice, which permeated his political life. 3469: 1112:, continued in the family business (although not to his father's exacting standards), and also served on the 1003: 673: 578: 443: 349: 258: 332: 3620: 3609: 2849: 1198:

At his death Governor Belcher left instructions that he be buried with his ardent friend and cousin, Judge

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After forging relations based on his father's letters of introduction in London, Belcher traveled to the

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to do the same with Dutch merchants, and to begin a tour of western Europe. After seeing the sights of

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agreed to accept Congregationalist missionaries and authorized the erection of a mission house. (The

735: 677: 613:" in 1716, Belcher was one of the buyers. The lands he was allocated were eventually incorporated as 602:

distaste for slavery, writing in 1739, "We have but few in these parts, and I wish there were less."

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Richard H. Saunders; Ellen Gross Miles; National Portrait Gallery (Smithsonian Institution) (1987).

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Gov. Jonathan Belcher's grave is near the Dana family plot in the Old Burying Ground, Cambridge, Ma.

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His support of the Quaker exemption brought him a potent support base in that community in London.

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For much of his New Jersey administration Belcher was ill, suffering from a type of progressive

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and then entered into the family business and local politics. He was instrumental in promoting

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was Belcher's kinsman and right-hand man in the administration of the New Hampshire province.

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posting. There he remained for three years, until in 1746 word arrived that the governor of

450:, and his mother, Sarah (Gilbert) Belcher, was the daughter of a politically well connected 4755: 4617: 4511: 4506: 4481: 3966: 3956: 1257:, then in use in England, the year began on 25 March. To avoid confusion with dates in the 1026: 976: 694: 625: 457:

Andrew Belcher was highly successful in trade, although some of it was in violation of the

447: 418: 2504: 8: 4526: 4496: 4471: 3871: 3824: 2901:"NRHP nomination for Belcher-Ogden Mansion-Price, Benjamin-Price-Brittan Houses District" 2884: 1159: 762:

While he was in London Belcher arranged for Lieutenant Governor Dummer to be replaced by

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NRHP nomination for Belcher-Ogden Mansion-Price, Benjamin-Price-Brittan Houses District

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to cultivate business contacts of his own, and to secure military supply contracts.

492:) before she died in 1736. His brother-in-law through this marriage was the painter 4652: 4571: 4531: 4426: 4374: 4286: 4001: 3986: 3971: 3926: 3906: 3789: 3779: 3742: 3710: 3704: 3459: 3418: 2973: 2739:

A Catalogue of the Names of the Early Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Connecticut

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in New Hampshire), and the border dispute was resolved in New Hampshire's favor.

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An Historic Record and Pictorial Description of the Town of Meriden, Connecticut

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Belcher also inherited property from his father that was located in what is now

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History of Elizabeth, New Jersey: Including the Early History of Union County

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Belcher was appointed governor of New Jersey in 1747 with support from its

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In January 1705/06 Belcher married Mary Partridge, the daughter of former

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from 1747 until his death in 1757. About a year after his arrival in

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New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Volume XIX ( 1865)

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Belcher-Ogden Mansion-Price, Benjamin-Price-Brittan Houses District

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A History of Newgate of Connecticut, at Simsbury, now East Granby

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William Shirley, Governor of Massachusetts, 1741–1756, a History

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Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Volume 16

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wrote of Belcher, " was almost a caricature of a New England

1041:. As a result, the building (which still stands) is known as 2824:

History of the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, Volume 1

808:

feelings towards the Hanovers prompted him to name Boston's

2871:. Boston: New England Historical and Genealogical Society. 2761:. Boston: New England Historical and Genealogical Society. 2758:

New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Volume 27

649: 499: 769:

One early issue Belcher took on was that of defending the

394:

on Crown lands by political allies. His opponents, led by

905:, a wealthy lumber baron whose supply contracts with the 4826:

Burials at Old Burying Ground (Cambridge, Massachusetts)

2920:

War, Politics and Revolution in Provincial Massachusetts

1029:). The college was proposed by New Jersey's evangelical 3093:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. 2687: 2622:

New Jersey as a Royal Province, 1738 to 1776, Volume 41

2672:

The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States

2539:"Cultural Inventory Record for Jonathan Belcher House" 701:

and a land bank opponent, rather than Acting Governor

406:

to replace Belcher (with Shirley in Massachusetts and

2484:

Bishop, John; Freedley, Edwin; Young, Edward (1864).

2344:

Cultural Inventory Record for Jonathan Belcher House

1064:. In the summer of 1751 he moved from Burlington to 2225:

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society

1128:, and was the great-grandfather of British Admiral 800:pursuant to this agreement, still stands, and is a 593:, and Belcher was beaten by a mob on one occasion. 3147: 3086: 2917: 2557:Ould Newbury: Historical and Biographical Sketches 2523:"Cultural Inventory Record for Belcher-Rowe House" 1222:. In that of Judge Trowbridge rest the remains of 3089:William Shirley, King's Governor of Massachusetts 1052:The legislature remained divided until after the 4742: 2335:Cultural Inventory Record for Belcher-Rowe House 1761: 1759: 1324: 2461:. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. 2049: 2047: 581:(whose North American theater is also known as 3302: 2675:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 2513:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.). 1803: 1801: 1560: 1558: 652:mountains on his first visit to the Hanover.) 4104: 3288: 3198:Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 3027:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University. 1922. 1791: 1789: 1756: 1446: 1444: 1174:, also listed on the National Register. (The 52:Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 4811:Businesspeople from Cambridge, Massachusetts 2044: 1214:. Their tomb is contiguous to that of Judge 1162:. It is also a contributing property to the 781:In 1735, Belcher presided over a meeting in 16:American merchant and politician (1682–1757) 4118: 2972:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2688:Gillespie, Charles; Curtis, George (1906). 1798: 1555: 730:Governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire 4111: 4097: 3295: 3281: 3060:New England Life in the Eighteenth Century 1786: 1441: 1122:Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature 64:10 August 1730 – 7 September 1741 38: 4786:Politicians from Cambridge, Massachusetts 3230:11 December 1729 – 12 December 1741 3226:Governor of the Province of New Hampshire 2924:. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 2357:Historic Fields and Mansions of Middlesex 1317: 1315: 944: 116:Governor of the Province of New Hampshire 2967: 2946: 2706: 2456: 1189: 1076: 1012: 948: 891: 819: 753: 659: 503: 500:Agent for his father's commercial empire 4806:Slave owners from the Thirteen Colonies 3057: 2821: 2792: 2668: 2572: 2553: 2408: 2388:"Find Tomb Believed Jonathan Belcher's" 2360:. J.R. Osgood and Company. p. 279. 2097: 2095: 1494: 1492: 1249: 1247: 4743: 3254:Governor of the Province of New Jersey 3145: 3084: 3002: 2915: 2735: 2694:. Meriden, CT: Journal Publishing Co. 2647: 2618: 2603:Life and Times of the Hon. Joseph Howe 2599: 2502: 2353: 1334:American colonial portraits, 1700–1776 1312: 655: 596: 433: 180:Governor of the Province of New Jersey 4791:Merchants from colonial Massachusetts 4092: 3276: 3202:10 August 1730 – 14 August 1741 3115: 2885:"Old New-Gate Prison and Copper Mine" 2864: 2490:. Philadelphia: Edward Young and Co. 2437: 871:from its great bend near present-day 697:, son of the last-appointed governor 543:, where he was received by Electress 3134: 2780:. Brookfield, MA: Merriam and Cook. 2773: 2754: 2092: 1489: 1269: 1267: 1244: 1156:National Register of Historic Places 887: 4801:18th-century American slave traders 4771:Colonial governors of Massachusetts 4761:Colonial governors of New Hampshire 2459:Jonathan Belcher, Colonial Governor 1516:Old New-Gate Prison and Copper Mine 1202:(1677–1745; father-in-law of 979:had time to organize their effort. 862: 385:After the sudden death of Governor 13: 3150:Merchants, Farmers, and River Gods 2713:. New York: Carleton and Lanahan. 2487:A History of American Manufactures 2441:History of Massachusetts, Volume 2 1106:Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia 553:George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 323:Merchant, politician, slave trader 14: 4837: 3167: 2575:Colonial New Hampshire: A History 2507:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). 1264: 4766:Colonial governors of New Jersey 4144: 3427: 3174:Official Massachusetts biography 3141:. New York: Columbia University. 3062:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. 3045:. Boston: self-published. 1903. 2796:The Public Life of Joseph Dudley 2707:Hatfield, Edwin Francis (1868). 2606:. Saint John, NB: E. S. Carter. 2510:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 2380: 2364: 2347: 2338: 2329: 2320: 2311: 2302: 2293: 2284: 2275: 2266: 2257: 2248: 2239: 2230: 2218: 2209: 2200: 1114:Massachusetts Governor's Council 815: 749: 672:was commissioned as governor of 371:from England), Belcher attended 331: 4816:People from colonial New Jersey 4796:18th-century American merchants 2949:Massachusetts Historical Review 2742:. Hartford, CT: Case, Tiffany. 2541:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts 2525:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts 2444:. Boston: Philips and Sampson. 2191: 2182: 2173: 2164: 2152: 2140: 2131: 2122: 2113: 2104: 2083: 2074: 2065: 2056: 2035: 2026: 2017: 2008: 1999: 1990: 1981: 1972: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1918: 1909: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1873: 1864: 1855: 1846: 1837: 1828: 1819: 1810: 1777: 1768: 1747: 1738: 1729: 1720: 1711: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1603: 1594: 1585: 1576: 1567: 1546: 1537: 1528: 1519: 1510: 1501: 1486:Gillespie and Curtis, pp. 25–26 1480: 1471: 1462: 1453: 1432: 1423: 1414: 1405: 1396: 1387: 1378: 1369: 1360: 3119:The Loyalists of Massachusetts 2852:. The Trustees of Reservations 2373:An Historic Guide to Cambridge 1351: 1303: 1294: 1285: 1276: 846:Belcher was disheartened when 742:, who opposed his nomination. 563:, he returned to New England. 192:1747 – 31 August 1757 1: 4079:indicate acting officeholders 2970:Soundings in Atlantic History 2799:. New York: Longmans, Green. 2625:. New York: Longmans, Green. 2560:. Boston: Damrell and Upham. 2402: 794: 638:used by the state as a prison 579:War of the Spanish Succession 438:Jonathan Belcher was born in 428: 354:governor of Massachusetts Bay 3135:Wood, George Arthur (1920). 3024:Princeton University Catalog 2865:Trask, William, ed. (1865). 2736:Hinman, Royal Ralph (1852). 2554:Currier, John James (1895). 2159:Princeton University Catalog 2147:Princeton University Catalog 1037:, who hailed from the Dutch 7: 4781:People from colonial Boston 2577:. Millwood, NY: KTO Press. 2515:University of Toronto Press 1166:. Belcher's summer home in 1072: 1010:with whom he corresponded. 402:, eventually convinced the 10: 4842: 4821:Boston Latin School alumni 3304:Governors of Massachusetts 3009:. Albany, NY: J. Munsell. 2755:Hoyt, Albert, ed. (1873). 2457:Batinski, Michael (1996). 2376:. Cambridge (Mass.). 1907. 1825:Batinski, pp. 121–122, 133 1234:and others of the family. 1152:Belchertown, Massachusetts 802:National Historic Landmark 642:National Historic Landmark 423:Belchertown, Massachusetts 291:, Cambridge, Massachusetts 18: 4723: 4383: 4251: 4229: 4191: 4153: 4142: 4126: 4072: 3634: 3468: 3436: 3425: 3310: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3204: 3195: 3186: 3181: 3058:Shipton, Clifton (1995). 2978:10.4159/9780674053533-011 2793:Kimball, Everett (1911). 2650:The New England Quarterly 2411:The New England Quarterly 1185: 1146: 1102:Nova Scotia Supreme Court 873:Chelmsford, Massachusetts 358:governor of New Hampshire 339: 327: 319: 305: 295: 284: 264: 248: 243: 239: 229: 216: 206: 196: 185: 178: 166: 156: 142: 132: 121: 114: 102: 92: 78: 68: 57: 50: 46: 37: 30: 21:Jonathan Belcher (jurist) 3003:Phelps, Richard (1860). 2916:Pencak, William (1981). 1834:Zemsky, pp. 108–109, 113 1237: 1212:Cambridge, Massachusetts 634:East Granby, Connecticut 577:During the years of the 4231:Dominion of New England 4120:Governors of New Jersey 3146:Zemsky, Robert (1971). 3122:. Boston: J. H. Stark. 2903:. National Park Service 2822:Maclean, John (2006) . 2669:Gannett, Henry (1905). 2600:Fenety, George (1896). 1717:Peterson (2009), p. 367 1708:Peterson (2009), p. 336 1375:Peterson (2009), p. 333 1180:Randolph, Massachusetts 1092:Belcher's youngest son 1049:, came under question. 555:. After calling on the 299:Mary Partridge Belcher 162:John Wentworth (acting) 98:William Tailer (acting) 4776:Harvard College alumni 2887:. State of Connecticut 2774:Hyde, William (1847). 2619:Fisher, Edgar (1911). 2573:Daniell, Jere (1981). 2438:Barry, Joseph (1855). 2392:The Lewiston Daily Sun 2354:Samuel, Drake (1871). 1459:Peterson (2002), p. 15 1450:Peterson (2002), p. 14 1220:Edmund Trowbridge Dana 1195: 1176:Jonathan Belcher House 1089: 1039:House of Orange-Nassau 1018: 984:governor of New Jersey 958: 945:Governor of New Jersey 897: 877:Concord, New Hampshire 828: 759: 665: 509: 362:governor of New Jersey 360:from 1730 to 1741 and 350:colonial Massachusetts 3116:Stark, James (1907). 3085:Schutz, John (1961). 2071:Batinski, pp. 153–156 2041:Batinski, pp. 151–152 2032:Batinski, pp. 150–151 1906:Batinski, pp. 139–140 1870:Batinski, pp. 142–143 1843:Batinski, pp. 120–124 1765:Batinski, pp. 112–114 1744:Batinski, pp. 113–114 1726:Batinski, pp. 107–109 1321:Batinski, pp. 56, 149 1193: 1168:Milton, Massachusetts 1087:John Singleton Copley 1080: 1054:French and Indian War 1016: 952: 910:in Massachusetts and 895: 823: 757: 663: 591:targets of mob action 572:Congregational Church 570:-leaning New England 549:King of Great Britain 507: 235:John Reading (acting) 4128:Proprietary Province 1753:Daniell, pp. 204–205 1498:Bishop et al, p. 508 1027:Princeton University 977:Robert Hunter Morris 931:declare war on Spain 626:Meriden, Connecticut 480:Lieutenant Governor 448:colonial New England 425:, is named for him. 419:Princeton University 301:Louise Teale Belcher 3182:Government offices 2850:"The Mission House" 2505:"Belcher, Jonathan" 2503:Buggey, S. (1979). 2254:Stark, pp. 181, 188 2170:Fisher, pp. 160–161 2128:Fisher, pp. 140–152 2110:Fisher, pp. 133–136 1996:Foster, pp. 197–198 1987:Foster, pp. 194–197 1960:Foster, pp. 189–190 1861:Zemsky, pp. 119–121 1852:Zemsky, pp. 114–119 1807:Zemsky, pp. 113–114 1699:Batinski, pp. 68–70 1690:Batinski, pp. 68-68 1663:Batinski, pp. 49–50 1654:Batinski, pp. 46–47 1627:Batinski, pp. 42–44 1618:Batinski, pp. 40–42 1438:Batinski, pp. 20–22 1429:Batinski, pp. 17–18 1420:Batinski, pp. 16–17 1393:Batinski, pp. 14–16 1384:Batinski, pp. 12–13 1226:; of Chief Justice 1160:Belcher-Ogden House 996:Reverend Aaron Burr 787:Stockbridge Indians 656:Agent and councilor 597:His own investments 547:and met the future 463:Boston Latin School 434:Youth and education 364:from 1747 to 1757. 352:who served as both 3688:Governor's Council 3598:Governor's Council 3519:Governor's Council 3507:Governor's Council 3154:. Boston: Gambit. 1672:Pencak, pp. 62, 92 1259:Gregorian calendar 1232:Richard Henry Dana 1224:Washington Allston 1208:Old Burying Ground 1200:Jonathan Remington 1196: 1172:Belcher-Rowe House 1090: 1062:paralytic disorder 1047:Jonathan Dickinson 1019: 959: 914:in New Hampshire. 898: 829: 771:established church 760: 666: 510: 494:Nehemiah Partridge 465:in 1691, and then 289:Old Burying Ground 4736: 4735: 4261:Viscount Cornbury 4086: 4085: 3271: 3270: 3261:Succeeded by 3236:Benning Wentworth 3233:Succeeded by 3205:Succeeded by 3100:978-0-8078-0830-6 3069:978-0-674-61251-8 2987:978-0-674-03276-7 2931:978-0-930350-10-9 2833:978-1-4303-0196-7 2584:978-0-527-18715-6 2468:978-0-8131-1946-5 1507:Phelps, pp. 13–14 1344:978-0-87474-695-2 1300:Batinski, pp. 7–8 1216:Edmund Trowbridge 1108:. His other son, 1096:was appointed as 1006:, leaders of the 1000:George Whitefield 912:Benning Wentworth 888:United opposition 875:, to present-day 857:Duke of Newcastle 812:in their honor.) 775:Church of England 482:William Partridge 444:Massachusetts Bay 408:Benning Wentworth 369:Massachusetts Bay 343: 342: 259:Massachusetts Bay 173:Benning Wentworth 4833: 4728:N.J.S.A. 52:15-5 4422:W. S. Pennington 4390: 4236: 4148: 4147: 4113: 4106: 4099: 4090: 4089: 3640: 3474: 3442: 3431: 3430: 3316: 3297: 3290: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3243:Preceded by 3215:Preceded by 3187:Preceded by 3179: 3178: 3163: 3153: 3142: 3131: 3112: 3092: 3081: 3054: 3036: 3018: 2999: 2964: 2943: 2923: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2880: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2845: 2818: 2789: 2770: 2751: 2732: 2703: 2684: 2665: 2644: 2615: 2596: 2569: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2518: 2499: 2480: 2453: 2434: 2396: 2395: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2351: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2299:Batinski, p. 109 2297: 2291: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2273: 2272:Batinski, p. 156 2270: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2245:Batinski, p. 166 2243: 2237: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2213: 2207: 2204: 2198: 2197:Batinski, p. 171 2195: 2189: 2188:Batinski, p. 165 2186: 2180: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2119:Batinski, p. 157 2117: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2101:Batinski, p. 159 2099: 2090: 2089:Batinski, p. 153 2087: 2081: 2080:Batinski, p. 154 2078: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2054: 2053:Batinski, p. 158 2051: 2042: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1970: 1967: 1961: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1943: 1940: 1934: 1931: 1925: 1924:Batinski, p. 141 1922: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1898: 1897:Batinski, p. 133 1895: 1889: 1888:Batinski, p. 143 1886: 1880: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1835: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1816:Batinski, p. 120 1814: 1808: 1805: 1796: 1793: 1784: 1783:Batinski, p. 130 1781: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1735:Batinski, p. 111 1733: 1727: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1709: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1646: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1601: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1574: 1571: 1565: 1562: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1535: 1532: 1526: 1523: 1517: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1499: 1496: 1487: 1484: 1478: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1457: 1451: 1448: 1439: 1436: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1412: 1409: 1403: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1385: 1382: 1376: 1373: 1367: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1328: 1322: 1319: 1310: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1283: 1282:Hatfield, p. 377 1280: 1274: 1271: 1262: 1251: 1004:Jonathan Edwards 863:Boundary dispute 799: 796: 711:Elisha Cooke Jr. 611:Equivalent Lands 583:Queen Anne's War 415:Quaker community 381:Elisha Cooke Jr. 346:Jonathan Belcher 335: 310:Jonathan Belcher 271: 244:Personal details 232: 219: 190: 169: 159: 126: 105: 95: 62: 42: 32:Jonathan Belcher 28: 27: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4732: 4719: 4388: 4387: 4379: 4315:Lord De La Warr 4253:Royal governors 4247: 4234: 4233: 4225: 4193:West New Jersey 4187: 4155:East New Jersey 4149: 4145: 4140: 4122: 4117: 4087: 4082: 4068: 3638: 3637: 3630: 3472: 3471: 3464: 3440: 3439: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3267: 3257: 3249: 3238: 3229: 3221: 3210: 3208:William Shirley 3201: 3193: 3170: 3101: 3070: 3039: 3021: 2988: 2932: 2906: 2904: 2899: 2890: 2888: 2883: 2855: 2853: 2848: 2834: 2807: 2721: 2633: 2585: 2544: 2542: 2537: 2528: 2526: 2521: 2469: 2423:10.2307/1559879 2405: 2400: 2399: 2394:. 22 July 1937. 2386: 2385: 2381: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308:Batinski, p. 84 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2157: 2153: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014:Shipton, p. 153 2013: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1978:Wood, pp. 84–89 1977: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1799: 1795:Daniell, p. 135 1794: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1774:Daniell, p. 205 1773: 1769: 1764: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1645:Batinski, p. 46 1644: 1640: 1636:Currier, p. 319 1635: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1600:Kimball, p. 199 1599: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1582:Batinski, p. 25 1581: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1564:Batinski, p. 50 1563: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1525:Batinski, p. 24 1524: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1402:Batinski, p. 12 1401: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1345: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1313: 1309:Batinski, p. 16 1308: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1265: 1255:Julian calendar 1252: 1245: 1240: 1188: 1149: 1075: 1008:Great Awakening 955:Great Awakening 947: 890: 881:Merrimack River 869:Merrimack River 865: 853:William Shirley 837:Richard Waldron 825:Richard Waldron 818: 797: 752: 732: 658: 599: 539:he traveled to 502: 471:Jeremiah Dummer 467:Harvard College 459:Navigation Acts 436: 431: 396:William Shirley 392:illegal logging 373:Harvard College 312: 300: 273: 269: 253: 230: 217: 191: 186: 167: 157: 149: 127: 122: 109:William Shirley 103: 93: 85: 63: 58: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4839: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4734: 4733: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4696: 4691: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 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2319: 2317:Gannett, p. 41 2310: 2301: 2292: 2290:Zemsky, p. 108 2283: 2281:Zemsky, p. 102 2274: 2265: 2263:Fenety, p. 354 2256: 2247: 2238: 2229: 2217: 2208: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2179:Fisher, p. 162 2172: 2163: 2151: 2139: 2137:Maclean, p. 70 2130: 2121: 2112: 2103: 2091: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2062:Fisher, p. 145 2055: 2043: 2034: 2025: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1971: 1969:Foster, p. 190 1962: 1953: 1951:Foster, p. 188 1944: 1942:Foster, p. 181 1935: 1926: 1917: 1915:Foster, p. 194 1908: 1899: 1890: 1881: 1879:Zemsky, p. 130 1872: 1863: 1854: 1845: 1836: 1827: 1818: 1809: 1797: 1785: 1776: 1767: 1755: 1746: 1737: 1728: 1719: 1710: 1701: 1692: 1683: 1681:Zemsky, p. 105 1674: 1665: 1656: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1602: 1593: 1584: 1575: 1566: 1554: 1545: 1543:Hinman, p. 418 1536: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1500: 1488: 1479: 1470: 1468:Allegro, p. 17 1461: 1452: 1440: 1431: 1422: 1413: 1411:Batinski, p. x 1404: 1395: 1386: 1377: 1368: 1366:Batinski, p. 9 1359: 1357:Batinski, p. 8 1350: 1343: 1323: 1311: 1302: 1293: 1291:Batinski, p. 5 1284: 1275: 1273:Batinski, p. 4 1263: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1230:; of the poet 1204:William Ellery 1187: 1184: 1148: 1145: 1130:Edward Belcher 1124:Chief Justice 1085:, portrait by 1081:Belcher's son 1074: 1071: 946: 943: 927:Robert Walpole 889: 886: 864: 861: 833:John Wentworth 817: 814: 810:Hanover Street 764:William Tailer 751: 748: 731: 728: 723:William Burnet 703:William Tailer 670:Elizeus Burges 657: 654: 598: 595: 501: 498: 435: 432: 430: 427: 404:Board of Trade 387:William Burnet 341: 340: 337: 336: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 314:Andrew Belcher 307: 303: 302: 297: 293: 292: 286: 282: 281: 272:(aged 75) 268:31 August 1757 266: 262: 261: 252:8 January 1682 250: 246: 245: 241: 240: 237: 236: 233: 227: 226: 220: 214: 213: 211:Thomas Pownall 208: 204: 203: 198: 194: 193: 183: 182: 176: 175: 170: 164: 163: 160: 154: 153: 147:John Wentworth 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 119: 118: 112: 111: 106: 100: 99: 96: 90: 89: 83:William Tailer 80: 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Pennington 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4095: 4094: 4091: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 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2251: 2242: 2233: 2226: 2221: 2212: 2206:Trask, p. 207 2203: 2194: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2160: 2155: 2148: 2143: 2134: 2125: 2116: 2107: 2098: 2096: 2086: 2077: 2068: 2059: 2050: 2048: 2038: 2029: 2023:Schutz, p. 40 2020: 2011: 2002: 1993: 1984: 1975: 1966: 1957: 1948: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1903: 1894: 1885: 1876: 1867: 1858: 1849: 1840: 1831: 1822: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1792: 1790: 1780: 1771: 1762: 1760: 1750: 1741: 1732: 1723: 1714: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1651: 1642: 1633: 1624: 1615: 1609:Pencak, p. 78 1606: 1597: 1591:Barry, p. 105 1588: 1579: 1573:Barry, p. 104 1570: 1561: 1559: 1552:Phelps, p. 14 1549: 1540: 1534:Phelps, p. 10 1531: 1522: 1513: 1504: 1495: 1493: 1483: 1474: 1465: 1456: 1447: 1445: 1435: 1426: 1417: 1408: 1399: 1390: 1381: 1372: 1363: 1354: 1346: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1327: 1318: 1316: 1306: 1297: 1288: 1279: 1270: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1250: 1248: 1243: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1192: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1137:Robert Zemsky 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1118:Andrew Oliver 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1098:Chief Justice 1095: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1070: 1067: 1066:Elizabethtown 1063: 1058: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031:Presbyterians 1028: 1023: 1015: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 992:Elizabethtown 989: 985: 982:He served as 980: 978: 974: 970: 965: 956: 951: 942: 938: 936: 932: 928: 923: 921: 915: 913: 908: 904: 894: 885: 882: 878: 874: 870: 860: 858: 854: 849: 844: 840: 838: 834: 826: 822: 816:New Hampshire 813: 811: 805: 803: 792: 791:Mission House 788: 785:at which the 784: 779: 776: 772: 767: 765: 756: 750:Massachusetts 747: 743: 741: 740:Martin Bladen 737: 736:New Hampshire 727: 724: 719: 716: 715:Privy Council 712: 706: 704: 700: 699:Joseph Dudley 696: 692: 688: 684: 679: 678:New Hampshire 675: 674:Massachusetts 671: 662: 653: 651: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 618: 616: 612: 608: 603: 594: 592: 588: 587:The Admiralty 584: 580: 575: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 523: 519: 515: 506: 497: 495: 491: 488:, Sarah, and 487: 483: 479: 478:New Hampshire 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 426: 424: 420: 416: 411: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 388: 383: 382: 378: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 315: 311: 308: 304: 298: 294: 290: 287: 285:Resting place 283: 280: 276: 275:Elizabethtown 267: 263: 260: 256: 251: 247: 242: 238: 234: 228: 224: 221: 215: 212: 209: 205: 202: 199: 195: 189: 184: 181: 177: 174: 171: 165: 161: 155: 152: 148: 145: 141: 138: 135: 131: 125: 120: 117: 113: 110: 107: 101: 97: 91: 88: 87:Spencer Phips 84: 81: 77: 74: 71: 67: 61: 56: 53: 49: 45: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 4751:1680s births 4738: 4725: 4457:P. Dickerson 4427:M. Dickerson 4389:(since 1776) 4336: 4076: 4041: 3829: 3752: 3735: 3703: 3686: 3679: 3652: 3639:(since 1776) 3608: 3596: 3589: 3577: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3498: 3486: 3264:John Reading 3252: 3246:John Reading 3224: 3196: 3149: 3137: 3118: 3088: 3059: 3041: 3023: 3005: 2969: 2952: 2948: 2919: 2905:. Retrieved 2889:. Retrieved 2867: 2854:. Retrieved 2823: 2795: 2776: 2757: 2738: 2709: 2690: 2671: 2653: 2649: 2621: 2602: 2574: 2556: 2543:. Retrieved 2527:. Retrieved 2508: 2486: 2458: 2440: 2414: 2410: 2391: 2382: 2372: 2366: 2356: 2349: 2340: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2241: 2236:Hoyt, p. 241 2232: 2224: 2220: 2211: 2202: 2193: 2184: 2175: 2166: 2158: 2154: 2146: 2142: 2133: 2124: 2115: 2106: 2085: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2037: 2028: 2019: 2010: 2001: 1992: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1956: 1947: 1938: 1929: 1920: 1911: 1902: 1893: 1884: 1875: 1866: 1857: 1848: 1839: 1830: 1821: 1812: 1779: 1770: 1749: 1740: 1731: 1722: 1713: 1704: 1695: 1686: 1677: 1668: 1659: 1650: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1596: 1587: 1578: 1569: 1548: 1539: 1530: 1521: 1512: 1503: 1482: 1473: 1464: 1455: 1434: 1425: 1416: 1407: 1398: 1389: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1353: 1333: 1326: 1305: 1296: 1287: 1278: 1228:Francis Dana 1197: 1150: 1134: 1126:Peter Oliver 1091: 1059: 1051: 1035:King William 1024: 1020: 981: 973:Lewis Morris 960: 939: 924: 916: 903:Samuel Waldo 899: 866: 848:David Dunbar 845: 841: 830: 806: 780: 768: 761: 744: 733: 720: 707: 683:Samuel Shute 667: 646: 619: 604: 600: 576: 565: 526: 511: 475: 456: 437: 412: 400:Samuel Waldo 384: 377:Samuel Shute 366: 345: 344: 270:(1757-08-31) 231:Succeeded by 223:John Reading 187: 168:Succeeded by 151:David Dunbar 123: 104:Succeeded by 59: 25: 4756:1757 deaths 4688:DiFrancesco 4287:Montgomerie 3967:Saltonstall 3825:W. Washburn 3795:E. Washburn 3743:Lincoln Jr. 3705:Lincoln Sr. 3473:(1692–1776) 3441:(1686–1689) 3315:(1629–1686) 2891:19 February 2856:11 February 2417:(1): 5–23. 2005:Wood, p. 89 1043:Nassau Hall 935:West Indies 798: 1742 695:Paul Dudley 640:, is now a 622:Wallingford 615:Belchertown 607:Connecticut 529:Netherlands 514:West Indies 452:Connecticut 218:Preceded by 158:Preceded by 94:Preceded by 4745:Categories 4577:J. F. Fort 4482:G. F. Fort 4432:Williamson 4412:Bloomfield 4397:Livingston 4350:(Lt. Gov.) 4273:(Lt. Gov.) 4271:Ingoldesby 3882:Greenhalge 3621:Hutchinson 3610:Hutchinson 3460:Bradstreet 3419:Bradstreet 3409:Bellingham 3399:Bellingham 3359:Bellingham 3258:1747–1757 2907:16 January 2545:16 January 2529:16 January 2403:References 1477:Hyde, p. 5 988:Burlington 969:New Jersey 920:Bubble Act 907:Royal Navy 687:Dissenting 429:Early life 320:Profession 279:New Jersey 207:Lieutenant 143:Lieutenant 79:Lieutenant 4715:P. Murphy 4694:McGreevey 4567:F. Murphy 4527:McClellan 4235:(1688–89) 3754:Armstrong 3525:J. Dudley 3513:J. Dudley 3500:Stoughton 3494:Bellomont 3488:Stoughton 3470:Province 3450:J. Dudley 3438:Dominion 3389:T. Dudley 3374:T. Dudley 3354:T. Dudley 3334:T. Dudley 2996:261174525 2955:: iv–22. 2842:122372315 2729:123118175 2641:153851323 2593:470895446 2477:243843478 2215:S. Buggey 783:Deerfield 568:Calvinist 559:court in 537:Amsterdam 533:Rotterdam 440:Cambridge 328:Signature 296:Spouse(s) 255:Cambridge 201:George II 188:In office 137:George II 128:1730–1741 124:In office 73:George II 60:In office 4726:* Under 4710:Christie 4648:Driscoll 4562:Voorhees 4512:Randolph 4472:Stratton 4442:Southard 4402:Paterson 4375:Franklin 4356:(acting) 4344:(acting) 4333:(acting) 4327:(acting) 4325:Hamilton 4311:(acting) 4309:Hamilton 4305:(acting) 4303:Anderson 4294:(acting) 4221:Hamilton 4211:Hamilton 4201:Byllynge 4183:Hamilton 4173:Hamilton 4163:Carteret 4136:Carteret 4037:Cellucci 3977:Bradford 3932:Coolidge 3872:Brackett 3862:Robinson 3790:Clifford 3785:Boutwell 3699:Sullivan 3591:S. Phips 3579:S. Phips 3482:W. Phips 3414:Leverett 3404:Endecott 3394:Endecott 3384:Endecott 3379:Winthrop 3369:Endecott 3364:Winthrop 3349:Winthrop 3329:Winthrop 3324:Endecott 3266:(acting) 3248:(acting) 3220:(acting) 3192:(acting) 3078:34050414 2961:25081169 2826:. 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