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Pitcairn's interests and holdings were not limited to PPG; at the time of his death, he was also president of the C. H. Wheeler
Manufacturing Company, the Pittsburgh Valve and Fittings Company, and the Loyal Hanna Coal and Coke Company, and a director of the Central National Bank of Philadelphia, the
322:
for manufacturing purposes, and had a controlling stake in the
Natural Gas Company, Ltd., founded in the summer of 1875, and later to become the Natural Gas Company of West Virginia. Through these and other successful investments in energy, mining, and banking, Pitcairn substantially expanded his
609:
to the
Pennsylvania State Vaccination Commission, which in accordance with the law mandating it, was to include as members two anti-vaccinationists as well as two pro-vaccinationists. Pitcairn subsequently authored a detailed report strongly opposing the commission's pro-vaccination conclusions.
427:
beliefs about the ideal of marriage required her to conduct a close examination of the spiritual nature of her feelings for him. Undeterred by her rejection, Pitcairn continued to court
Starkey for five more years. Finally she accepted, and they were married in 1884.
164:. With just an elementary school education, Pitcairn rose through the ranks of the Pennsylvania railroad industry, and played a significant role in the creation of the modern oil and natural gas industries. He went on to found the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (now
633:
Pitcairn remained quite active in his numerous business, philanthropy, and social activism capacities well into his seventies. Finally, in the fall of 1915, he suffered a bout of pneumonia, from which he never fully recovered. He died at
Cairnwood on July 22, 1916.
214:, where Pitcairn' sister, Janet, was born. Meeting with a lack of financial success, they returned to Scotland a few years later. In 1846, however, the family emigrated again to America, this time with four new children, and settled in
294:, to head the train service for the government. Pitcairn next served as assistant superintendent of the Middle Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and followed this with a stint as the superintendent of the Middle Division of the
270:, and next as assistant to the superintendent of the Philadelphia Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. On February 22, 1861, during his tenure at the latter, Pitcairn was in charge of the train which carried President-elect
630:, was completed in 1895. His wife, Gertrude, died just a few years later, in 1898. Pitcairn never remarried. When asked why, he once responded, "I would no sooner remarry than if Gertrude were standing in the other room."
586:
embraced by many New Church members, and his son
Raymond's adverse reaction to a vaccination. On March 5, 1907, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, he delivered an address to the Committee on Public Health and Sanitation of the
203:, to John Pitcairn Sr. (1803–1884), a machinist, and Agnes McEwan (1803–1891), a housekeeper. He was one of six children resulting from the marriage, and also had one older half-sibling from his father's first marriage.
366:
PPG expanded quickly. By 1900, known as the "Glass Trust", it included ten plants, had a 65 percent share of the U.S. plate glass market, and had become the nation's second largest producer of paint. Today, known as
422:
In 1877, the already highly successful, 38-year-old
Pitcairn met 21-year-old Gertrude Starkey (1855–1898). Two years later, he proposed marriage, but was gently turned down. Reputedly, Starkey's strong
168:), an early industry innovator which quickly grew into the largest manufacturer of plate glass in the United States, and amassed one of the largest fortunes in the United States at the time.
1109:
314:
of
Buffalo, Pitcairn resigned from his position of general manager to focus exclusively on the oil business. During this period, Pitcairn built the Imperial Refinery at
591:
criticizing vaccination. He later sponsored the
National Anti-Vaccination Conference, which, held in Philadelphia on October, 1908, led to the creation of the
449:(1885–1966). Raymond was a lawyer, a businessman, a collector of ancient and medieval art, and an amateur architect. He supervised the building of the
1490:
575:
318:, and was heavily involved with the production, refining, and pipeline transportation of oil. With Vandergrift, he built and controlled the first
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595:. When the league was organized later that month, Pitcairn was chosen to be its first president. In May, 1910, an article by Pitcairn entitled "
472:
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Pitcairn served as a director of PPG from its start, its president from 1897 to 1905, and chairman of the board from 1894 until his death.
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471:. In the late 1930s a doctrinal schism within the church led him and several other members to found another "New Church" branch known as
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542:. He also financed the construction of a new campus for the Academy of the New Church, a Swedenborgian learning center comprising a
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Columbia
Chemical Company, the Michigan Chemical Company, the Natural Gas Company of West Virginia, and the Owosso Sugar Company.
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using the plate process. PPG was also the world's first plate glass plant to power its furnaces with locally produced
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Pitcairn began his professional life at the age of 14, working as an office boy for the general superintendent of the
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955:
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605:, a periodical with a readership of several million. On December 1, 1911, he was appointed by Pennsylvania Governor
266:. Pitcairn rapidly worked his way up through the railroad industry; first as assistant to the superintendent of the
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business. There, Pitcairn attended public school until dropping out at age 14 to pursue a career in the railroad.
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to the inauguration in Washington, D.C. Later, when the Confederate Army invaded Pennsylvania before the
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Horrors of Vaccination Exposed and Illustrated: "Life Sketch of John Pitcairn By A Philadelphia Friend"
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457:, a right-wing political group of the 1920s and 1930s which opposed child labor legislation and the
355:), PPG soon became the United States' first commercially successful producer of high-quality, thick
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1222:
1110:""Science in a Democracy" The Contested Status of Vaccination in the Progressive Era and the 1920s"
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Around 1849 Pitcairn and the rest of his family were baptized by David Powell, a reverend of the
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363:, an innovation which rapidly stimulated widespread industrial use of the cleaner-burning fuel.
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439:, in 1895. Together they had six children, only four of whom survived infancy. These were:
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578:, Pitcairn's opposition to vaccination stemmed from Swedenborgian teachings, a devotion to
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534:. Pitcairn's financial largess enabled the founding of the Swedenborgian settlement at
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467:(1893–1973). Theodore was an arts collector and philanthropist, and a minister in the
206:
Pitcairn's parents had initially emigrated to America around 1835, and lived first in
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501:. He played a key role in promoting rotary wing flight leading to development of the
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During the last ten years of his life, Pitcairn was highly active in the American
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Vera Pitcairn (1887–1910). Vera died suddenly of appendicitis at the age of 23.
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corporation with 150 manufacturing locations around the world. It now produces
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453:. He was also the national chairman and a major financial supporter of the
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Headquarters of PPG Industries, formerly Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
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Following their marriage, the couple lived on Spring Garden Street in
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19:
This article is about the industrialist. For the British marine, see
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Upon forming a partnership with J. J. Vandergrift of Pittsburgh and
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1013:"Facing the Corporate Roots of American Fascism: Pitcairn family"
219:
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538:, the construction of the town's library, and the New Church's
246:
Oil Creek and Allegheny River Railway stock certificate vignette
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1202:(1). Boston, MA: The Medical Gazette Publishing Company: 109.
481:(1897–1960). Harold, a lifelong aviation enthusiast, started
380:
298:. Finally, in 1869, he was appointed general manager of the
218:, where Pitcairn's uncle, Alexander Pitcairn, had started a
1329:
662:. Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania: The Academy of the New Church.
475:. He served as a leader of this new church until his death.
411:
Pitcairn was the brother of Pennsylvania railroad magnate
171:
Pitcairn was also the primary financial benefactor of the
866:"Our Local Heritage : Tarentum-Area Glass Companies"
792:. Vol. XXXIV, no. 29. July 27, 1916. p. 1.
982:
Jaffe, Dennis T.; Jungé, Dirk; Paul, Joseph (2004).
651:
522:
Pitcairn was an active member and benefactor of the
1166:
752:
Entrepreneur Magazine Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurs
175:, a Christian church that follows the teachings of
900:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 1101–1102.
435:, until the completion of the new family estate,
1457:
1266:PPG Industries (formerly Pittsburgh Plate Glass)
829:
827:
485:, an air mail service that ultimately grew into
1192:"State Vaccination Commission for Pennsylvania"
473:The Lord's New Church Which Is Nova Hierosolyma
981:
744:
742:
351:(about 20 miles north of Pittsburgh along the
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921:
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857:
824:
566:"The Fallacy of Vaccination" by John Pitcairn
300:Oil Creek and Allegheny River Railway Company
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950:
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557:
897:Biographical Dictionary of American Leaders
739:
683:
681:
679:
268:Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad
179:, and was a major activist in the American
1257:
1243:
1189:
1179:. Anti-Vaccination League of Pennsylvania.
1032:"Management Style: A Break from Tradition"
1023:
977:
975:
973:
914:
868:. Alle-Kinski Today Online. Archived from
626:Construction of Pitcairn's family estate,
191:Pitcairn was born on January 10, 1841, in
38:
1190:Sutherland, John P., ed. (January 1912).
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755:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 207–208.
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339:In 1883, Pitcairn teamed up with Captain
156:(January 10, 1841 – July 22, 1916) was a
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637:In 2002, Cairnwood was entered onto the
617:
561:
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371:, the company is a multibillion-dollar,
330:
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1491:Scottish emigrants to the United States
1219:(at the Gyllenhaal Family Tree Project)
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574:. According to public health historian
262:, and through that became friends with
87:Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, United States
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1030:Bostock, Peter G. (October 22, 2000).
893:
884:
796:
778:
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774:
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290:, then Assistant Secretary of War, to
1238:
749:Hallett, Anthony & Diane (1997).
1183:
1004:
660:John Pitcairn: uncommon entrepreneur
639:National Register of Historic Places
554:. The campus was completed in 1911.
343:and several others to establish the
1511:American anti-vaccination activists
820:. Brooklyn, New York: C.M. Higgins.
769:
688:Odhner, Theophilus (January 1917).
524:General Church of the New Jerusalem
469:General Church of the New Jerusalem
173:General Church of the New Jerusalem
13:
593:Anti-Vaccination League of America
14:
1527:
1210:
929:. Cairnwood. 2008. Archived from
814:Higgins, Charles Michael (1920).
530:, which follows the teachings of
274:from Harrisburg to Philadelphia,
1298:
1223:PPG Industries corporate history
1217:Photograph of John Pitcairn, Jr.
864:Garrett, Jeff (August 1, 2006).
497:pioneering airmail aircraft and
143:
1196:The New England Medical Gazette
1089:. The Academy of the New Church
1087:"The Academy of the New Church"
1011:Sanders, Richard (March 2004).
16:Scottish-American industrialist
1017:Press for Conversion! Magazine
984:"Reinventing a family dynasty"
345:Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
296:Philadelphia and Erie Railroad
1:
644:
589:Pennsylvania General Assembly
186:
1496:American railroad executives
1075:. July 23, 1916. p. 17.
690:"John Pitcairn: A Biography"
658:Gladish, Richard R. (1989).
584:alternative medical practice
7:
286:were dispatched by Colonel
282:, Pitcairn and his brother
10:
1532:
1228:November 14, 2008, at the
784:"Obituary - John Pitcairn"
597:The Fallacy of Vaccination
397:
18:
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1307:
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723:Pitcairn, Sheila (2002).
572:anti-vaccination movement
558:Anti-vaccination activism
491:Pitcairn Aircraft Company
479:Harold Frederick Pitcairn
455:Sentinels of the Republic
406:
305:
232:
181:anti-vaccination movement
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132:Harold Frederick Pitcairn
117:
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105:Capitalist, Industrialist
101:
93:
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46:
37:
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1486:People from Pennsylvania
1476:American philanthropists
1366:Electronics for Medicine
1108:Colgrove, James (2005).
993:(Winter). Archived from
991:Family Business Magazine
894:Ingham, John M. (1983).
536:Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania
326:
1481:American Swedenborgians
1173:Pitcairn, John (1907).
927:"History: A Love Story"
599:" was published in the
349:Creighton, Pennsylvania
237:
216:Allegheny, Pennsylvania
1047:Cite journal requires
841:. 2008. Archived from
623:
567:
519:
510:Religious philanthropy
336:
316:Oil City, Pennsylvania
247:
1516:PPG Industries people
1506:People from Johnstone
725:"The Pitcairn Family"
621:
565:
517:
493:, which designed and
334:
252:Pennsylvania Railroad
245:
1398:PPG Company Building
1154:on December 21, 2012
845:on November 14, 2008
614:Later life and death
540:Bryn Athyn Cathedral
518:Bryn Athyn Cathedral
451:Bryn Athyn Cathedral
320:natural gas pipeline
212:Paterson, New Jersey
1376:Transitions Optical
1000:on January 6, 2009.
958:. The Gombach Group
700:(1). Archived from
602:Ladies Home Journal
495:built under license
415:and consul-general
1285:John Baptiste Ford
1072:The New York Times
872:on January 8, 2009
789:The Ambler Gazette
624:
568:
552:theological school
532:Emanuel Swedenborg
526:, a branch of the
520:
341:John Baptiste Ford
337:
280:Battle of Antietam
258:. He soon learned
248:
208:Brooklyn, New York
177:Emanuel Swedenborg
1453:
1452:
1393:Pitcairn Building
1356:Columbia-Southern
1290:John Pitcairn Jr.
933:on August 3, 2012
835:"125 Anniversary"
727:. Sheila Pitcairn
622:Cairnwood Mansion
489:. He founded the
483:Pitcairn Aviation
465:Theodore Pitcairn
154:John Pitcairn Jr.
151:
150:
128:Theodore Pitcairn
97:Scottish-American
32:John Pitcairn Jr.
1523:
1429:PPG World Series
1424:PPG Paints Arena
1403:PPG Enamel Plant
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544:secondary school
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447:Raymond Pitcairn
347:(PPG). Based in
312:George V. Forman
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124:Raymond Pitcairn
113:Gertrude Starkey
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1466:1841 births
1361:Comex Group
1176:Vaccination
1158:February 8,
962:October 10,
956:"Cairnwood"
731:October 31,
373:Fortune 500
361:natural gas
94:Nationality
1460:Categories
645:References
580:homeopathy
528:New Church
503:helicopter
425:New Church
385:fiberglass
357:flat glass
260:telegraphy
227:New Church
187:Early life
53:1841-01-10
1408:PPG Place
1386:Buildings
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628:Cairnwood
499:autogyros
437:Cairnwood
389:chemicals
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138:Signature
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