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the Welsh people and laws. Peckham visited the Welsh dioceses as part of his tour of all his subordinate dioceses. While there, Peckham criticised the Welsh clergy for their unchaste lives, conspicuous consumption, and heavy drinking. He also found the Welsh clergy to be uneducated, although he did order a Welsh-speaking suffragan bishop to be appointed to help with pastoral duties in the diocese of
Coventry and Lichfield. Peckham also criticised the Welsh people as a whole, contrasting their pastoral economy with the farming-based economy of England, and finding the Welsh to be lazy and idle.
859:, they believed was still being practiced, asking that "the Jews' fraud and malice be vigorously opposed". Edward replied that there was little that could be done,"because of their evilness". In response, the prelates expressed their shock and stated that the Crown was permitting Jews to "ensnare Christians through usurious contracts and to acquire the manors of nobles through the sink of usury". Edward was, they said, capable of stopping this "perversity", and advised that "through the threat of horrible punishments, which our lips will not name, he may strive to punish all userers".
40:
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866:, in November 1286, which Peckham and other church leaders used as guidance to make further calls against the Jews in the 1287 Synod of Exeter, again demanding the wearing of Jewish badges, banning Christians from working for Jews, from sharing meals with them, or using Jewish doctors. Jews were to banned from holding public office, or building new synagogues, and were to stay within their own homes on Good Friday.
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824:, Bishop of London, to compel the Jews of London, using every instrument of ecclesiastical censure, to destroy all their synagogues except one within a brief time period to be determined by the Bishop, claiming that the seven Synagogues they had were "cheating the Christian religion and causing scandal to many". In a second letter he congratulates the Bishop because the
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him a writ for 13 of them to be arrested. They took refuge in the Tower of London, and Robert
Burnell refused to take action for fear of endagering relations with the London Jewry; the 13 seem to have escaped punishment. This however was following a pattern set by Peckham's superiors; the Pope had been complaining for some time about similar instances.
756:. The six doctrines comprised the minimum theological knowledge the archbishop considered necessary for the laity to know. The constitutions, which were originally in Latin, were the basis and inspiration for pastoral and devotional works throughout the remainder of the Middle Ages, and were eventually translated into English in the 15th century.
785:"These things need your attention, but you have been absent so long that you seem not to care. We therefore order you, on receipt of this letter, to take up residence in your diocese, so that—even if you are not competent to redress spiritual evils—you may at least minister to the temporal needs of the poor." The historian
831:
In 1281 Peckham complained to Edward that converts to
Christianity were backsliding, saying that those "who had converted from the Jewish perfidy to the Christian religion have returned to their vomit, the Jewish superstition". The following year he report 17 Jewish apostates, and in 1284 Edward gave
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in Wales. In 1282 he attempted to mediate between the Welsh and King Edward, but given that Edward would not budge on the main issues, it was a hopeless mission. In the end, Peckham excommunicated some of the Welsh who were resisting Edward. In service to King Edward, Peckham formed a low opinion of
531:
For years
Peckham taught at Paris, where he was in contact with many of the leading scholars of his time, including Thomas Aquinas. He famously debated Thomas on at least two occasions during 1269 and 1270, during which Peckham defended the conservative theological position, and Thomas put forth his
789:
says that
Peckham's disputes with his suffragan bishops were "conducted in an atmosphere of bitterness and perpetual ill-will", which probably owed something to a "petulant strain in Peckham's character". Peckham's conflicts started because his own ideals were those of a Franciscan, but most of his
847:. He warned her servants that: "It is said that the illustrious lady queen, whom you serve, is occupying many manors, lands, and other possessions of nobles, and has made them her own property – lands which the Jews have extorted with usury from Christians under the protection of the royal court."
742:
worn by the clergy should not just include the top of the head, but also have the nape and over the ears shaved, which allowed the clergy to be easily distinguished from the laity. To help with this, the archbishop also forbade the clergy from wearing secular clothing, especially military garb. He
759:
The crime of "Pluralism", i.e. one cleric holding two or more benefices, was one of
Peckham's targets, as were clerical absenteeism and laxity in the monastic life. His main method of fighting these was a system of visitation of his subordinate dioceses and religious houses, which he used with an
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At an ecclesiastical council held at
Lambeth in 1281, Peckham ordered the clergy to instruct their congregations in doctrine at least four times a year. They were to explain and teach the Articles of Faith, the Ten Commandments, the Works of Mercy, the Seven Deadly Sins, the Seven Virtues and the
698:
As part of his diplomatic duties, Peckham wrote to
Llywelyn, and in those letters the archbishop continued his criticisms of the Welsh people, this time condemning their laws as contrary to both the Old and New Testament. Peckham was particularly offended that Welsh laws sought to get parties to
675:
However, Peckham worked hard to reorganise the estates of the diocese, and held an inquiry in 1283 through 1285 into the revenues of the see. He set up administrative structures in the manors that divided them into seven administrative groups. Peckham, though, was almost continually in debt, and
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of
Winchester in 1279, the archbishop compromised and Parliament invalidated any regulation of the council dealing with royal policies or power. The copies of Magna Carta were taken down. One reason the archbishop may have backed down was that he was in debt to the Italian banking family of the
460:, and was elected the Franciscans provincial minister of England in 1275. After a brief stint in Rome, he was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1279. His time as archbishop was marked by efforts to improve discipline in the clergy as well as reorganize the estates of his see. He served King
772:
over the right to visit subordinate clergy. The quarrel involved an appeal over the jurisdiction of the archbishop, that Thomas sent to Rome in 1281, but Thomas died before the case could be decided. Peckham also decreed that the clergy should preach to their flocks at least four times a year.
747:
order in
England to reform their monastic rule, to allow more time for study and for more education for the monks. Peckham's reason was that they were against custom, but he may also have had concerns that these reforms would have drawn recruits away from the Franciscans.
854:
under Peckham's leadership drew up complaints to Edward, two of which were regarding what they saw as lax restrictions on Jews. They complained about converts lapsing back to Judaism, and called for a crack down on usury, which although banned since 1275 under the
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offended the king as an unnecessary intrusion into political affairs. Another ruling was on non-residence of clergy in their livings. The only exception Peckham was prepared to make on non-residence was if the clerk needed to go abroad to study. At the
804:
Like many other senior church leaders of the time, Peckham was hostile to the Jews, and regarded them as a danger to Christians. He pushed for greater segregation of Jews from Christians, alongside other contemporary church leaders, including
790:
clergy were concerned with more mundane and materialistic affairs. These strains between the archbishop and his subordinates were intensified by clashes over ecclesiastical and secular authority, as well as Edward's great need for income.
734:
which specified what types of cases the ecclesiastical courts could hear. These included moral issues, matrimonial issues, disputes about wills and testaments, the correction of sins, and slander and physical attacks on the clergy.
764:, which added a layer of complexity to the resulting disputes. The numerous legal cases that resulted from his visitation policy strengthened the archiepiscopal court at the expense of the lower courts. Peckham also fought with
467:
As archbishop, Peckham oversaw attempts to close down Jewish synagogues, punish relapsing Jews from "returning to their vomit", and associating with Christians. He also opposed the loaning of money at interest and criticised
475:
Before and during his time as archbishop, Peckham wrote several works on optics, philosophy, and theology, as well as writing hymns. Numerous manuscripts of his works survive. On his death, his body was buried in
676:
because he was a Franciscan, he had no personal property to help with his living expenses. He had inherited the diocesan debts that his predecessor had allowed to accumulate, and never managed to clear them.
776:
Peckham often was in conflict with his subordinate bishops, mainly because of his efforts to reform them, but Peckham's own attitude and handling of his clergy contributed to the problem. He once wrote to
551:
and Roger Bacon's views on the value of experimental science. Where Peckham met Bacon is not known, but it would have been at either Paris or Oxford. Bacon's influence can be seen in Peckham's works on
621:
About 1270, he returned to England to teach at Oxford, and was elected provincial minister of the Franciscans in England in 1275. He did not long remain in that post, being summoned to Rome as
882:
remain extant. Queen Eleanor persuaded him to write for her a scholarly work in French, which was later described as "unfortunately rather a dull and uninspired little treatise." His poem
820:
On hearing that the Jews of London were being allowed to build a new Synagogue, "to the confusion of the Christian religion" Peckham lobbied to stop it. On 19 August 1282, he ordered
893:
and was buried in the north transept, or the Martyrdom, of Canterbury Cathedral. His heart, however, was buried with the Franciscans under the high altar of their London church,
752:
Sacraments. This command was issued as a canon, or law, of the council, and the group is known as the Lambeth Constitutions. Even later these constitutions were collected as the
738:
Peckham was very strict in his interpretations of canon law. He felt that Welsh laws were illogical and conflicted with Biblical teachings. He also mandated that the clerical
726:
Skirmishes with Edward over clerical privileges, royal power, Peckham's use of excommunication, and ecclesiastical taxation continued, but in October 1286, Edward issued a
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in Wales. Bek tried to revive a scheme to make St David's independent from Canterbury, and to elevate it to metropolitan status. This had originally been put forth by
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The Crown, by overtaxing the Jewish community, forced Jewish moneylenders to sell their loan bonds at great discounts, allowing Eleanor and other courtiers to
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unprecedented frequency. This often resulted in conflicts over whether or not the archbishop had jurisdiction to conduct these visits, but Peckham was also
629:, a work that included information on preaching, a subject that Peckham felt was of great importance. In 1279 he was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by
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448:, especially regarding the nature of the soul. Peckham also studied optics and astronomy - his studies in those subjects were particularly influenced by
407:
293:
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313:
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637:, Edward I's preferred candidate. He was provided (appointed by the pope to the see) on 25 January 1279 and consecrated on 19 February 1279.
718:, then the Archbishop of Canterbury. Bek did not manage even the four-year fight that Gerald had managed, for Peckham routed him quickly.
690:
Notwithstanding his other actions, Peckham's relations with the king were generally good, and Edward sent him on a diplomatic mission to
1028:
Peckham is the earliest Archbishop of Canterbury to have his registers, the principal records of archiepiscopal administration, held at
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Peckham laid stress on discipline, which often resulted in conflict with his clergy. His first episcopal act was calling a council at
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2008:
Douie, Decima (1979) . "Archbishop Pecham's Sermons and Collations". In Hunt, R. W.; Pantin, W. A.; Southern, R. W. (eds.).
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is being overcome by the bishop's attention and vigilance. He confirmed however, that they should be allowed one Synagogue.
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homicides or other crimes to settle their differences rather than the process of English law which condemned the criminal.
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is by far the most significant, and Peckham could speak of his intention to 'follow in the footsteps' of the author".
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Paris and Oxford Universities in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: An Institutional and Intellectual History
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2090:. Vol. 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Province). Institute of Historical Research
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1995:. Spicilegium Pontificii Athenaei Antoniani. Vol. 1. Rome: Pontificium Athenaeum Antonianum.
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2353:. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks No. 7. London: Royal Historical Society.
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in July 1279 to implement ecclesiastical reform, but Peckham's specifying that a copy of
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A number of his works have survived, and some have appeared in print in various times:
894:
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817:. He sought to eradicate usury, and to stop Jewish converts from returning to Judaism.
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2297:. Biblioteca di Studi francescani. Vol. 1. Florence: Edizioni Studi francescani.
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stating to her that her use of loans from Jewish moneylenders to acquire lands was
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A manuscript of Roger Bacon's work on optics, which influenced Peckham's own works
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2159:. British Society of Franciscan Studies. Vol. 2. Aberdeen: Academic Press.
668:, who also were bankers to Edward and the pope, and Peckham was under threat of
444:, where he later taught theology and became known as a conservative opponent of
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or theological lecturer at the papal palace. It is likely that he composed his
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for purchasing and abusing these loans to dispossess nobles of their property.
445:
69:
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2125:. Church of England Record Centre. Archived from the original on 11 March 2008
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State and Society in Medieval Europe: Gwynedd and Languedoc under Outside Rule
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2268:. Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores. Vol. 77. London: Longmans.
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These concerns were reiterated directly to Peckham in a letter from the Pope
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353:
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Lawrence, C. H. (1965). "The Thirteenth Century". In Lawrence, C. H. (ed.).
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History of the Jews in England (1066–1290) § Edward I and the Expulsion
3456:
3446:
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2514:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2433:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2310:
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Registrum epistolarum Fratris Johannis Peckham, Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis
2257:
Registrum epistolarum Fratris Johannis Peckham, Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis
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220:
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2577:(January 1942). "Some Aspects of the Career of Archbishop Pecham Part I".
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England's Jews: Finance, Violence, and the Crown in the Thirteenth Century
2196:(1999 reprint ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. pp. 117–156.
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1976:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
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2611:(April 1942). "Some Aspects of the Career of Archbishop Pecham Part II".
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after these debates. His theological works later were used by his pupil
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2048:(Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2012:(reprint ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 269–282.
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560:) and astronomy. In the field of optics, Peckham was influenced by
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456:. Around 1270, Peckham returned to England, where he taught at the
133:
2010:
Studies in Medieval History Presented to Frederick Maurice Powicke
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Texts and Calendars I: An Analytical Guide to Serial Publications
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A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain
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Peckham also studied other fields, however; and was guided by
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In Easter 1285, the prelates, (senior church leaders) of the
840:
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views on the soul. The Thomist doctrine of the unity of form
243:
Bishops consecrated by John Peckham as principal consecrator
2644:
John Pecham and the Science of Optics: Perspectiva Communis
2317:(Revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2044:
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).
1078:
1072:
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is considered one of the finest poems written in its time.
727:
216:
2263:
2288:(PhD Dissertation). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin.
480:, but his heart was given to the Franciscans for burial.
2556:
2105:
The Palgrave Dictionary of Medieval Anglo-Jewish History
2029:
The Lordship of Canterbury: An Essay on Medieval Society
1274:: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces)
2283:
A Critical Edition, with Commentary, of John Pecham's
2280:
3479:
2528:
2062:
1990:
1075:
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around 1200, but had been defeated by the actions of
3470:
indicate a person who was elected but not confirmed.
2531:
The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature
2194:
The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages
1301:
Douie "Archbishops Pecham's Sermons and Collations"
1218:
Douie "Archbishops Pecham's Sermons and Collations"
1137:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 117.
1069:
945:(in Italian). Venezia: eredi Giovanni Varisco. 1593.
616:
2309:
1974:
Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain: 1000–1300
1081:
1066:
813:, a number of whom had previously worked alongside
2487:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
2447:
2384:
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2026:
44:Effigy from Peckham's tomb in Canterbury Cathedral
2412:Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages
2348:
2292:
488:Peckham came from a humble family, possibly from
3611:
2431:Religion and Devotion in Europe, c. 1215-c. 1515
2315:Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century
1802:Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature
1562:Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature
1533:Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature
1527:
1525:
16:13th-century Archbishop of Canterbury and writer
3670:13th-century English Roman Catholic theologians
3640:13th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops
2659:Pecham, John (1993). Potter, Vincent G. (ed.).
2642:Pecham, John (1970). Lindberg, David C. (ed.).
2406:
2191:
1650:
1648:
1101:
1099:
702:Peckham also had problems with his subordinate
2661:Questions Concerning the Eternity of the World
2646:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
2607:
2573:
2428:
2368:Questions Concerning the Eternity of the World
2240:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
2171:
1944:Questions Concerning the Eternity of the World
1853:Registrum epistolarum Fratris Johannis Peckham
1697:Vol. II p. 407, no. cccxii; p. 410, no cccxvi
1695:Registrum epistolarum Fratris Johannis Peckham
1313:
1311:
1272:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: Volume 2
874:A number of manuscripts of Peckham's works on
596:. Of these, historian David Lindberg argues, "
2765:
2751:
2533:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2509:
2254:
2215:. Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Pub. Co.
2155:; Little, A. G.; Tocco, Felice, eds. (1910).
2007:
1971:
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496:. He was born about 1230 and was educated at
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1135:Theories of Vision from Al-Kindi to Kepler
672:from the pope unless he repaid the loans.
38:
1807:
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1606:
1483:
1470:
1405:
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1350:
1337:
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1225:
1141:
721:
2456:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
2392:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
2264:Martin, Charles Trice, ed. (1882–1885).
2103:Hillaby, Joe; Hillaby, Caroline (2013).
2067:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1882:
1857:
1755:
1713:
1457:
1418:
1290:
1132:
1042:List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
935:(in Latin). Paris: Gilles Gourbin. 1556.
912:
897:. His tomb still survives. He founded a
607:
2454:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2235:John Pecham and the Science of Optics:
1444:
1431:
1264:
1251:
1238:
1212:
1179:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
997:Expositio super Regulam Fratrum Minorum
627:Expositio super Regulam Fratrum Minorum
528:, which sets out two possible sermons.
425:(c. 1230 – 8 December 1292) was a
3612:
2663:. New York: Fordham University Press.
2370:. New York: Fordham University Press.
1956:Holdings of the Lambeth Palace Library
1199:
970:Divinarum Sententiarum Librorum Biblie
2739:
1954:"Holdings of Lambeth Palace Library"
1841:John Pecham and the Science of Optics
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1163:
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1159:
1157:
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3532:
2281:MacLaren, Bruce Robert, ed. (1978).
2123:"Holdings of Lambeth Palace Library"
2088:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300
1993:Johannis de Pecham Quodlibet Romanum
1908:Johannis de Pecham Quodlibet Romanum
603:
2529:Wallace, David Foster, ed. (2002).
2107:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
1991:Delorme, Ferdinand M., ed. (1938).
1948:
1270:Greenway "Canterbury: Archbishops"
889:Peckham died on 8 December 1292 at
869:
633:who had prohibited the election of
13:
2549:
1154:
1123:
1107:profit greatly from their purchase
14:
3681:
2776:List of archbishops of Canterbury
2679:
2557:Douie, Decima Langworthy (1952).
2295:Tractatus de anima Ioannis Pecham
2259:. Vol. II. London: Longmans.
2177:The Evolution of Medieval Thought
1932:Critical Edition, with Commentary
1920:Tractatus de anima Ioannis Pecham
617:Reorganization of the archdiocese
3592:
3575:
3558:
3541:
3513:
3501:
3489:
2366:Potter, Vincent G., ed. (1993).
2031:. New York: Barnes & Noble.
1089:. His last name is also spelled
1062:
835:Peckham also clashed with Queen
783:Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield
3655:Burials at Canterbury Cathedral
2293:Melani, Gaudenzio, ed. (1948).
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1870:
1845:
1833:
1742:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1601:English Church & the Papacy
1588:English Church & the Papacy
901:in 1286, probably a college of
2063:Given, James Buchanan (1990).
2046:Handbook of British Chronology
1599:Lawrence "Thirteenth Century"
1586:Lawrence "Thirteenth Century"
1319:Handbook of British Chronology
1192:Lawrence "Thirteenth Century"
1054:
743:also forbade an effort by the
1:
3645:13th-century writers in Latin
2691:– digital facsimile from the
2614:The English Historical Review
2580:The English Historical Review
2153:Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge
1964:
1815:Monastic and Religious Orders
1285:Evolution of Medieval Thought
1259:Paris and Oxford Universities
1246:Paris and Oxford Universities
1233:Evolution of Medieval Thought
1207:Paris and Oxford Universities
1194:English Church and the Papacy
1022:Defensio fratrum mendicantium
686:Conquest of Wales by Edward I
524:. While at Paris, he wrote a
483:
3665:Medieval English astronomers
2476:UK public library membership
2450:"Pecham, John (c.1230–1292)"
2157:Tractatus tres de paupertate
1878:Tractatus tres de paupertate
1116:
500:. About 1250, he joined the
7:
2627:10.1093/ehr/LVII.CCXXVI.178
2448:Thompson, Benjamin (2004).
2414:. New York: Penguin Books.
2255:Martin, C. T., ed. (1884).
2082:Greenway, Diana E. (1971).
2027:DuBoulay, F. R. H. (1966).
1303:Studies in Medieval History
1220:Studies in Medieval History
1133:Lindberg, David C. (1976).
1035:
520:, or official lecturer, in
10:
3686:
3650:Catholic clergy scientists
2349:Mullins, E. L. C. (1958).
2334:. London: Windmill Books.
992:Tractatus contra Kilwardby
797:
683:
526:Commentary on Lamentations
3635:Archbishops of Canterbury
3465:
3270:
2973:
2782:
2773:
2767:Archbishops of Canterbury
2724:
2715:
2707:
2700:
2143:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2084:"Canterbury: Archbishops"
1876:Kingsford, et al. (eds.)
975:Summa de esse et essentia
794:Measures against the Jews
512:, where he studied under
406:
396:
382:
372:
362:
352:
342:
332:
322:
312:
302:
292:
282:
272:
262:
248:
241:
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212:
204:
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187:
180:
176:
163:
149:
139:
127:
108:
103:
90:
85:
75:
65:
57:
49:
37:
30:
23:
3660:13th-century astronomers
2718:Archbishop of Canterbury
2593:10.1093/ehr/LVII.CCXXV.1
1177:Thompson "Pecham, John"
1047:
908:
899:college at Wingham, Kent
680:Relations with the Welsh
470:Queen Eleanor of Castile
433:in the years 1279–1292.
431:Archbishop of Canterbury
344:Gilbert of Saint Leofard
32:Archbishop of Canterbury
3397:Archibald Campbell Tait
2429:Swanson, R. N. (1995).
1750:Great and Terrible King
965:Tractatus de paupertate
508:. He then went to the
436:Peckham studied at the
3377:Charles Manners-Sutton
3308:Episcopacy abolished (
2702:Catholic Church titles
2510:Walker, David (1990).
2462:10.1093/ref:odnb/21745
1972:Burton, Janet (1994).
1828:Lordship of Canterbury
1371:Lordship of Canterbury
980:Quaestiones disputatae
921:
852:Province of Canterbury
722:Ecclesiastical matters
650:should be hung in all
613:
189:Episcopal consecration
3082:John of Sittingbourne
3032:Reginald Fitz Jocelin
2688:Perspectivae communis
2330:Morris, Marc (2009).
2211:Leff, Gordon (1975).
1895:Texts and Calendars I
1865:Texts and Calendars I
1549:Religion and Devotion
960:Registrum epistolarum
916:
798:Further information:
754:Ignorantia sacerdotum
623:lector sacri palatii,
611:
540:who in turn inspired
166:Ordination history of
3630:English Friars Minor
3367:Frederick Cornwallis
2483:Tolan, John (2023).
2237:Perspectiva Communis
1017:De aeternitate mundi
1007:Tractatus de sphaera
955:Collectarium Bibliae
950:Perspectiva communis
857:Statute of the Jewry
807:Richard de Gravesend
708:Bishop of St David's
692:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
558:Perspectiva communis
478:Canterbury Cathedral
458:University of Oxford
398:Bishop Thomas Button
364:William de La Corner
304:Thomas Ingaldesthorp
236:Episcopal succession
144:Canterbury Cathedral
3402:Edward White Benson
2561:. Clarendon Press.
2311:Moorman, John R. H.
2285:Tractatus de sphera
2179:. London: Longman.
1638:Quoted in Southern
880:biblical commentary
766:Thomas de Cantilupe
732:Circumspecte Agatis
656:collegiate churches
510:University of Paris
462:Edward I of England
438:University of Paris
3185:William Whittlesey
3163:Thomas Bradwardine
3106:William Chillenden
3095:Edmund of Abingdon
2999:William de Corbeil
2960:Robert of Jumièges
2935:Ælfric of Abingdon
2830:Theodore of Tarsus
2693:Linda Hall Library
2559:Archbishop Peckham
2386:Prestwich, Michael
2231:Lindberg, David C.
1002:Tractatus de anima
922:
905:serving a church.
895:Greyfriars, London
811:Richard Swinefield
770:Bishop of Hereford
614:
549:Robert Grosseteste
384:Thomas of Wouldham
3475:
3474:
3195:William Courtenay
3151:John de Stratford
3129:Robert Winchelsey
3015:Roger de Bailleul
2734:
2733:
2728:Robert Winchelsey
2725:Succeeded by
2685:Peckham's (1580)
2540:978-0-521-89046-5
2521:978-0-521-31153-3
2494:978-1-5128-2389-9
2474:(subscription or
2440:978-0-521-37950-2
2421:978-0-14-020503-9
2399:978-0-300-07157-3
2377:978-0-8232-1488-4
2341:978-0-0994-8175-1
2247:978-0-299-05730-5
2222:978-0-88275-297-6
2203:978-0-7509-1947-0
2114:978-0-23027-816-5
2074:978-0-8014-9774-2
2055:978-0-521-56350-5
2019:978-0-313-21484-4
1983:978-0-521-37797-3
1452:State and Society
1439:State and Society
1012:Canticum pauperis
822:Richard Gravesend
815:Simon de Montfort
631:Pope Nicholas III
604:Return to England
420:
419:
416:
415:
408:Nicolas Longespee
328:22 September 1286
308:26 September 1283
294:Richard Swinfield
274:Richard Gravesend
226:
225:
199:Pope Nicholas III
159:
158:
98:Pope Nicholas III
80:Robert Winchelsey
3677:
3605:
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3492:
3485:
3412:Randall Davidson
3407:Frederick Temple
3387:John Bird Sumner
3327:William Sancroft
3293:Richard Bancroft
3271:Post-Reformation
3230:Thomas Bourchier
3174:William Edington
3112:Robert Kilwardby
3069:Richard le Grant
3063:Walter d'Eynsham
3026:Baldwin of Forde
3021:Richard of Dover
2760:
2753:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2708:Preceded by
2698:
2697:
2674:
2655:
2638:
2621:(226): 178–201.
2604:
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2004:
1987:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
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1930:MacLaren, (ed.)
1928:
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1103:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1058:
946:
936:
870:Death and legacy
826:Judaica perfidia
787:Richard Southern
779:Roger de Meyland
374:William of Louth
348:5 September 1288
334:Henry Brandeston
237:
232:
231:
208:19 February 1279
183:
178:
177:
171:
167:
161:
160:
117:
104:Personal details
94:19 February 1279
42:
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20:
3685:
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3676:
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3609:
3608:
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3593:
3591:
3587:from Wikisource
3581:
3576:
3574:
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3559:
3557:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3533:sister projects
3530:at Knowledge's
3524:
3514:
3512:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3427:Geoffrey Fisher
3392:Charles Longley
3322:Gilbert Sheldon
3266:
3141:Walter Reynolds
3057:Stephen Langton
3004:Theobald of Bec
2994:Ralph d'Escures
2969:
2778:
2769:
2764:
2730:
2721:
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2682:
2677:
2671:
2552:
2550:Further reading
2547:
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2473:
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2464:
2441:
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2408:Southern, R. W.
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2020:
1984:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1953:
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1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1906:Delorme, (ed.)
1905:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1851:Martin, (ed).
1850:
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1669:Western Society
1666:
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1627:Western Society
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911:
872:
802:
796:
724:
712:Gerald of Wales
688:
682:
670:excommunication
619:
606:
486:
318:22 October 1284
314:Walter Scammell
250:John Darlington
244:
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131:8 December 1292
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61:8 December 1292
53:25 January 1279
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3429:
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3422:William Temple
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3394:
3389:
3384:
3382:William Howley
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Matthew Hutton
3354:
3352:Thomas Herring
3349:
3344:
3339:
3337:Thomas Tenison
3334:
3332:John Tillotson
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3283:Edmund Grindal
3280:
3278:Matthew Parker
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3257:Thomas Cranmer
3254:
3252:William Warham
3249:
3244:
3241:Thomas Langton
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:Henry Chichele
3212:
3210:Thomas Arundel
3207:
3202:
3200:Thomas Arundel
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3157:John de Ufford
3153:
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3118:Robert Burnell
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2711:Robert Burnell
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2681:
2680:External links
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:978-0823214884
2669:
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2639:
2609:Knowles, M. D.
2605:
2575:Knowles, M. D.
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3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Thomas Secker
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:William Juxon
3315:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3288:John Whitgift
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3262:Reginald Pole
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:John Stafford
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3190:Simon Sudbury
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3180:Simon Langham
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Simon Mepeham
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3135:Thomas Cobham
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3075:Ralph Neville
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3038:Hubert Walter
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:Thomas Becket
3007:
3005:
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3000:
2997:
2995:
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2990:
2987:
2985:
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2598:
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2587:(225): 1–18.
2586:
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2025:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1979:
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1970:
1969:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
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1738:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1693:Martin (ed.)
1690:
1683:
1677:
1670:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1628:
1622:
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1228:
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1195:
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951:
948:
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919:
915:
906:
904:
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877:
867:
865:
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853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
833:
829:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
801:
791:
788:
784:
780:
774:
771:
767:
763:
757:
755:
749:
746:
741:
736:
733:
729:
719:
717:
716:Hubert Walter
713:
709:
705:
700:
696:
693:
687:
677:
673:
671:
667:
662:
657:
653:
649:
648:
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632:
628:
624:
610:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:Pseudo-Euclid
563:
559:
555:
550:
545:
543:
539:
538:Roger Marston
535:
534:was condemned
529:
527:
523:
519:
518:regent master
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
481:
479:
473:
471:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
412:16 March 1292
411:
409:
405:
402:16 March 1292
401:
399:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
367:
365:
361:
358:20 March 1289
357:
355:
354:Ralph Walpole
351:
347:
345:
341:
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331:
327:
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321:
317:
315:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
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291:
287:
285:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
265:
264:Oliver Sutton
261:
257:
255:
251:
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233:
229:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
200:
197:
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186:
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162:
155:
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148:
145:
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138:
135:
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126:
122:
114:
111:
107:
102:
99:
93:
89:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
19:
3599:
3582:
3565:
3553:from Commons
3548:
3528:John Peckham
3527:
3508:Christianity
3477:
3467:
3457:Justin Welby
3447:George Carey
3342:William Wake
3310:Commonwealth
3307:
3303:William Laud
3298:George Abbot
3239:
3205:Roger Walden
3172:
3155:
3133:
3124:John Peckham
3123:
3116:
3104:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3061:
3051:John de Gray
3049:
3042:
3030:
3013:
2974:Conquest to
2822:
2716:
2687:
2660:
2643:
2618:
2612:
2584:
2578:
2558:
2530:
2511:
2484:
2465:. Retrieved
2453:
2430:
2411:
2389:
2367:
2350:
2331:
2314:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2265:
2256:
2238:
2234:
2212:
2193:
2176:
2156:
2127:. Retrieved
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2087:
2064:
2045:
2028:
2009:
1992:
1973:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1897:section 13.2
1894:
1877:
1872:
1867:section 6.77
1864:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1788:
1783:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1595:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1532:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1402:, p. 191–192
1399:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1326:
1318:
1302:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1178:
1148:
1143:
1134:
1090:
1056:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
941:
931:
923:
917:
888:
883:
873:
861:
849:
834:
830:
825:
819:
803:
775:
762:papal legate
758:
750:
737:
731:
725:
701:
697:
689:
674:
645:
639:
626:
622:
620:
557:
546:
530:
525:
498:Lewes Priory
487:
474:
466:
435:
423:John Peckham
422:
421:
298:7 March 1283
221:Papal States
170:John Peckham
150:Denomination
91:Consecration
25:John Peckham
18:
3625:1292 deaths
3620:1230 births
3347:John Potter
3247:Henry Deane
3235:John Morton
3168:Simon Islip
2976:Reformation
1629:pp. 194–196
1614:Church Life
1577:pp. 220–221
1575:Church Life
1504:Church Life
1384:Church Life
1196:pp. 146–147
1149:Church Life
1060:Pronounced
942:Perspectiva
932:Perspectiva
918:Perspectiva
864:Honorius IV
745:Benedictine
647:Magna Carta
594:Roger Bacon
590:Grosseteste
542:Duns Scotus
516:and became
514:Bonaventure
450:Roger Bacon
442:Bonaventure
338:1 June 1287
324:John Kirkby
284:Thomas Beck
268:19 May 1280
116: 1230
66:Predecessor
3614:Categories
3567:Quotations
3417:Cosmo Lang
3372:John Moore
3089:John Blund
2722:1279–1292
1965:References
1787:Prestwich
1778:p. 177-178
1735:Prestwich
1710:p. 172-173
1489:Prestwich
1476:Prestwich
1411:Prestwich
1398:Prestwich
1356:Prestwich
1343:Prestwich
1330:Prestwich
986:Quodlibeta
876:philosophy
845:mortal sin
706:, who was
704:Thomas Bek
684:See also:
661:Parliament
502:Franciscan
484:Early life
464:in Wales.
429:friar and
427:Franciscan
368:8 May 1289
58:Term ended
3496:Biography
3225:John Kemp
2950:Æthelnoth
2915:Byrhthelm
2875:Feologild
2865:Æthelhard
2855:Bregowine
2835:Berhtwald
2818:Deusdedit
2793:Augustine
2503:39646815M
2478:required)
2359:186242490
2323:213820968
2303:589574462
2274:931355861
2165:265525621
1839:Lindberg
1826:DeBoulay
1667:Southern
1654:Southern
1625:Southern
1616:pp. 80–81
1551:pp. 59–60
1515:Southern
1480:, p. 257.
1467:pp. 77–79
1369:DeBoulay
1117:Citations
1032:Library.
884:Philomena
730:entitled
652:cathedral
574:Augustine
570:Aristotle
504:order at
76:Successor
50:Appointed
3100:Boniface
3044:Reginald
2984:Lanfranc
2925:Æthelgar
2900:Wulfhelm
2890:Plegmund
2885:Æthelred
2880:Ceolnoth
2860:Jænberht
2850:Cuthbert
2845:Nothhelm
2813:Honorius
2803:Mellitus
2798:Laurence
2785:Conquest
2467:30 March
2410:(1970).
2390:Edward I
2388:(1997).
2313:(1955).
2233:(1970).
2175:(1962).
2139:cite web
2129:30 March
2094:30 March
2001:65389252
1893:Mullins
1863:Mullins
1800:Wallace
1789:Edward I
1737:Edward I
1612:Moorman
1573:Moorman
1560:Wallace
1547:Swanson
1531:Wallace
1502:Moorman
1491:Edward I
1478:Edward I
1415:, p. 200
1413:Edward I
1400:Edward I
1382:Moorman
1358:Edward I
1345:Edward I
1332:Edward I
1283:Knowles
1231:Knowles
1147:Moorman
1036:See also
891:Mortlake
666:Riccardi
582:Avicenna
578:al-Kindi
522:theology
492:in East
154:Catholic
134:Mortlake
96:by
3520:England
3482:Portals
3468:Italics
2965:Stigand
2955:Eadsige
2940:Ælfheah
2930:Sigeric
2920:Dunstan
2910:Ælfsige
2870:Wulfred
2840:Tatwine
2824:Wighard
1813:Burton
1748:Morris
1463:Walker
1424:Walker
837:Eleanor
740:tonsure
642:Reading
598:Alhazen
586:Alhazen
490:Patcham
454:Alhazen
182:History
2989:Anselm
2945:Lyfing
2895:Athelm
2808:Justus
2667:
2652:114863
2650:
2635:554806
2633:
2601:553963
2599:
2567:775577
2565:
2537:
2518:
2501:
2491:
2437:
2418:
2396:
2374:
2357:
2338:
2321:
2301:
2272:
2244:
2219:
2200:
2185:937364
2183:
2163:
2111:
2071:
2052:
2037:310997
2035:
2016:
1999:
1980:
1830:p. 127
1817:p. 120
1804:p. 362
1791:p. 123
1774:Tolan
1765:p. 174
1761:Tolan
1752:p. 225
1739:p. 125
1726:p. 173
1722:Tolan
1706:Tolan
1684:p. 170
1680:Tolan
1671:p. 211
1658:p. 194
1642:p. 194
1603:p. 128
1590:p. 137
1564:p. 548
1535:p. 396
1519:p. 236
1506:p. 149
1493:p. 186
1450:Given
1437:Given
1386:p. 173
1373:p. 248
1360:p. 252
1347:p. 251
1334:p. 250
1321:p. 233
1305:p. 270
1287:p. 169
1261:p. 288
1248:p. 228
1235:p. 294
1222:p. 269
1209:p. 183
1151:p. 159
1091:Pecham
920:, 1556
903:canons
843:and a
781:, the
592:, and
562:Euclid
554:optics
506:Oxford
494:Sussex
440:under
388:O.S.B.
140:Buried
121:Sussex
86:Orders
3584:Texts
3550:Media
2631:JSTOR
2597:JSTOR
1454:p. 77
1441:p. 94
1428:p. 87
1257:Leff
1244:Leff
1205:Leff
1048:Notes
909:Works
841:usury
556:(the
213:Place
3601:Data
2783:Pre-
2665:ISBN
2648:OCLC
2563:OCLC
2535:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2489:ISBN
2469:2008
2435:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2394:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2355:OCLC
2336:ISBN
2319:OCLC
2299:OCLC
2270:OCLC
2242:ISBN
2217:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2181:OCLC
2161:OCLC
2145:link
2131:2008
2109:ISBN
2096:2008
2069:ISBN
2050:ISBN
2033:OCLC
2014:ISBN
1997:OCLC
1978:ISBN
878:and
809:and
728:writ
654:and
452:and
254:O.P.
217:Rome
205:Date
128:Died
109:Born
2905:Oda
2623:doi
2589:doi
2458:doi
3616::
2629:.
2619:57
2617:.
2595:.
2585:57
2583:.
2499:OL
2497:.
2452:.
2141:}}
2137:{{
2086:.
1884:^
1715:^
1647:^
1540:^
1524:^
1391:^
1310:^
1292:^
1185:^
1156:^
1125:^
1098:^
768:,
588:,
584:,
580:,
576:,
572:,
568:,
564:,
544:.
386:,
252:,
219:,
113:c.
3536::
3484::
3312:)
2759:e
2752:t
2745:v
2673:.
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