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719:, an account of Confederate partisan warfare during Civil War in western Missouri and border Kansas. Edwards grew concerned by the early-1870s that Missouri, a divided state which ultimately remained in the Union, would be isolated from the mainstream Lost Cause movement. So more than just a chronicle of the guerrilla war in the western borderlands, "Noted Guerrillas" also functioned as the basis of an "irregular Lost Cause" that Edwards specially constructed for Missouri. William Clarke Quantrill, "Bloody Bill" Anderson, and the James brothers, Frank and Jesse, were among the bushwhackers deified as Confederate heroes in place of standard Lost Cause icons like
462:(March 23–May 2, 1864) was initiated to destroy all remaining Confederate forces to the east of the Mississippi and drive out all remaining Confederate sympathizers throughout Missouri and Arkansas and Mississippi. Due to Edwards' now vast intelligence network and clandestine cache system of supplies, Shelby was able to lead a brilliant and determined harassment of the larger Union Army and in concert with other Confederate forces defeat the army and force it back into Little Rock, where it was placed under siege after Shelby located and destroyed or captured the Army's entire supply train at Mark's Mill.
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625:, thousands of other Confederate soldiers also arrived. Here the ex-Confederates rebuilt their arms and temporarially their fortunes. Allen had received a $ 10,000 grant from Maximilian to establish a full English language newspaper, "The Mexican Times." He was joined by Edwards who continued the venture after Allen's death from yellow fever. The grant exhausted, Edwards' business skills were insufficient to retain the paper. It was sold to C.B. Barksdale under whom it prospered until suppressed by
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John N. Edwards: biography, memoirs, reminiscences and recollections; his brilliant career as soldier, author, and journalist; choice collection of his most notable and interesting newspaper articles, together with some unpublished poems and many private letters. Also a reprint of Shelby's expedition
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had resulted in the replacement of the existing secessionist
Southern Democrat state governments. Nonetheless, in the intervening two years, the Johnson Administration in Washington D.C. as well as other State government's had granted amnesty to most Confederate leaders. With upheaval in the South,
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managed a remarkable feat in disguising the troop and providing it with supplies in its long march. Additionally, they had already managed to negotiate the purchase of hundreds of thousands of acres around
Veracruz, Mexico, to which the Shelby and other Confederate army exiles would regroup.
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near present-day Eagle Pass (TX) on the way to Mexico rather than risk the flag falling into the hands of the
Federals. The event is depicted in a painting displayed at the Eagle Pass City Hall. The memory of Shelby and his men as "The Undefeated" is used as a distant basis for the 1969
424:. In this position he handled various staff affairs for this commander, including the reconnaissance and intelligence required for effective military command. As a result of his great ability in recruiting agents and knowledge of the territory, when Shelby was promoted to command a
475:. When Shelby's feint northward encouraged its Union Army defenders to leave the ironclad, thereby leaving it essentially undefended, Shelby silently returned and captured it. However, hot on his heels was the larger Union Army, and Shelby destroyed it to avoid recapture.
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However, as had happened before and later in
Mexican history, land sold/granted to foreigners was just as often expropriated. With the overthrow of Maximilian, all of the land was appropriated by the restored republican government of Mexico two years later.
686:. In the pages of the Kansas City Times Edwards established the James Brothers as symbols of ex-Confederates "striking back" against perceived corruption, graft, oppression and criminality of military backed Republican rule in Missouri.
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On March 28, 1871, Edwards eloped and married a cousin, Mary
Virginia Plattenburg, on the Shelby farm. Her parents objected to their marriage because of their family relationship. The union eventually produced two sons and a daughter.
538:. For their determination not to surrender, they were immortalized as "the undefeated". A later verse appended to the angry post-war Confederate anthem, "The Unreconstructed Rebel" commemorates the defiance of Shelby and his men:
602:, the United States government threatened invasion. Additionally, Maximillian was already facing increasing pressure from the Mexican insurrection, which was spearheaded by forces loyal to the legitimate government of
562:. Organized as a great troop train of 1,000 men, Edwards and the other cavalry made a defiant portrait as they rode south with the Union Army hot on their heels. Once again Edwards' network and what remained of the
666:, a staunch Democratic paper in a military ruled state governed by Republican Party officials. Edwards used the paper to champion a return to prominence of former Missouri Confederates, denounced black jurors, "
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As the French withdrew their occupation forces supporting
Maximilian in 1866, Shelby returned to Missouri in 1867 and resumed farming. In 1883, Shelby was a critical witness for fellow ex-Confederate
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447:. Between September 22 and November 3, 1863, Edwards helped maintain and keep the brigade intact as it travelled 1,500 miles through Missouri, inflicting over 1,000 casualties on
443:" of Missouri volunteers in 1863, Edwards helped organize, provision, reconnaissance, and gather intelligence on what was to be the longest cavalry raid of the war at that time,
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In 1887, Edwards returned to Kansas City as editor of the paper he had founded. Edwards' health was damaged by alcoholism, and he died in 1889 at the age of 50 in
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as a 'foreign legion.' Maximilian declined to accept the ex-Confederates into his armed forces, but he did grant them land for an
American colony in Mexico near
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forces, and capturing or destroying an estimated $ 400,000,000 worth of
Federal supplies and property in 2000 year prices. When Shelby was promoted to
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Hulbert, Matthew
Christopher (March 2012). "Constructing Guerrilla Memory: John Newman Edwards and Missouri's Irregular Lost Cause".
518:. Organizing these provisions was a feat in itself, and it enabled Shelby's force to make magnificent inroads into Union territory.
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428:, Edwards became the division's adjutant. He held the position until the war ended in May 1865, when Shelby's command disbanded.
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supporters after they captured Mexico City. Edwards wrote his first book while in Mexico, "An
Unwritten Leaf of the War".
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Consequently, Edwards participated in every one of Shelby's noted campaigns including the early battles at
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The Ghosts of Guerrilla Memory: How Civil War Bushwhackers Became Gunslingers in the American West
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598:. Although he and Shelby's troop and others made it to Mexico, where they offered their swords to
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leaders of Southern resistance to Reconstruction begged Shelby, Edwards, and others to return.
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With Edwards having obtained a land grant from Maximilian, this enabled Shelby to found the
420:. Edwards joined it. In September 1863, he was appointed brigade adjutant, with the rank of
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on December 15, 1863, at the successful conclusion of his raid, Edwards was also promoted.
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and raise sheep. However, he was persuaded by friends and family to remain in Missouri.
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Christensen, Lawrence O.; Foley, William E.; Kremer, Gary R.; Winn, Kenneth H. (1999).
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365:. He is perhaps best known for contributing to the folk hero status of outlaw
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Edwards remained at the Times until 1873. He then moved to St. Louis to edit
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to Mexico, an unwritten leaf of the war: comp. by his wife, Jennie Edwards
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863:. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press. p. 72.
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area, Edwards' intelligence network located the Union ironclad
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Edwards, Mary Virginia Plattenburg; Edwards, John N. (1889).
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As summer was ending Shelby then commanded a division during
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The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
1487:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
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The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
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1048:. The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from
836:. The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from
697:. On September 4, 1875 he fought a pistol duel with Col.
606:. Not wanting to incur the enmity of the victorious
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around 1855. As a child, he learned type-setting in
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Biography, Memoirs, Reminiscences and Recollections
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I won't be reconstructed, I'm better now than then.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
547:So it's forward to the frontier, soon as I can go.
486:. Edwards distinguished himself at the battles of
343:(January 4, 1839 – May 4, 1889) was General
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1508:I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)
960:With variations by Ry Cooder for the 1980 film,
731:. He later moved to Sedalia to become editor of
660:as a reporter. The following year, he began the
393:, Edwards became a printer for "The Expositor."
919:"Confederates Sink Ironclad near DeValls Bluff"
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763:Noted Guerrillas: or, The Warfare of the Border
708:Edwards left the Dispatch, planning to move to
570:Reportedly, Shelby sank his battle flag in the
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861:Guide to Missouri Confederate Units, 1861-1865
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766:. St. Louis: H.W. Brand & Co. p. 464.
656:Returning to Missouri in 1867, Edwards joined
549:I'll fix me up a weapon and start for Mexico.
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545:And for a Carpetbagger I do not give a damn.
439:. When Shelby had formed his full strength "
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554:Their plan was to offer their services to
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1385:Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
921:. Old State House Museum. Archived from
1105:. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
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777:. Kansas City: J. Edwards. p. 446.
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1132:Biographical sketch of John E. Edwards
897:. University of North Carolina Press.
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1570:Gunfighter II: Revenge of Jesse James
1563:Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James
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1099:Hulbert, Matthew Christopher (2016).
1038:
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
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1642:People from Warren County, Virginia
1401:The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid
1305:Adventures of Frank and Jesse James
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830:"John Newman Edwards (1839 – 1889)"
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895:General Jo Shelby:Undefeated Rebel
828:Trout, Carlynn; Engel, Elizabeth.
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1652:19th-century American journalists
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381:on January 4, 1839, and moved to
1637:Confederate States Army officers
1145:Edwards and the Jesse James myth
1078:Dictionary of Missouri Biography
1024:"Biography: John Newman Edwards"
458:In 1864, Union General Steele's
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735:. He next became editor of the
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45:needs additional citations for
27:American journalist (1839–1889)
1321:The James Brothers of Missouri
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893:O'Flaherty, Daniel C. (1954).
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465:Reassigned with Shelby to the
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1361:The True Story of Jesse James
1026:. Public Broadcasting Service
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401:In 1862, Confederate General
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260:Confederate States of America
1083:University of Missouri Press
1006:Journal of the Civil War Era
989:Sellmeyer, Deryl P. (2007).
976:A Dynasty of Western Outlaws
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377:John N. Edwards was born in
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715:In 1877, Edwards published
594:Edwards followed Shelby to
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359:journalist who founded the
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1345:The Great Jesse James Raid
936:Price, Allen (2000–2001).
564:Confederate Secret Service
1657:American male journalists
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1501:The Legend of Jesse James
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1460:The Legend of Jesse James
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1141:, via civilwarstlouis.com
974:Wellman, Paul I. (1961).
802:"Maj John Newman Edwards"
760:Edwards, John N. (1877).
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1667:Kansas City Times people
991:Jo Shelby's Iron Brigade
938:"Fannin County TXGenWeb"
1591:Jesse James Home Museum
1337:The Great Missouri Raid
1297:Jesse James Rides Again
530:'s army surrendered in
379:Warren County, Virginia
355:, an author, and a pro-
280:Confederate States Army
158:Warren County, Virginia
859:McGhee, James (2008).
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1662:Shelby's Iron Brigade
1046:"John Newman Edwards"
584:film by the same name
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387:Front Royal, Virginia
318:Shelby's Iron Brigade
286:Years of service
69:"John Newman Edwards"
1085:. pp. 276–277.
834:Historic Missourians
516:California, Missouri
389:. After settling in
54:improve this article
1596:John Newman Edwards
1281:Days of Jesse James
1258:Cultural depictions
840:on January 14, 2018
746:. He was buried in
729:P. G. T. Beauregard
678:, Edwards met with
623:Henry Watkins Allen
467:Clarendon, Arkansas
445:Shelby's Great Raid
391:Lexington, Missouri
341:John Newman Edwards
136:John Newman Edwards
1647:Missouri Democrats
1632:American duellists
1627:James–Younger Gang
1353:Jesse James' Women
1313:I Shot Jesse James
1289:Jesse James at Bay
1249:James–Younger Gang
1150:2009-04-18 at the
1137:2008-02-16 at the
1012:(1): 60–62, 65–66.
737:St. Joseph Gazette
676:Gallatin, Missouri
556:Emperor Maximilian
353:American Civil War
328:American Civil War
200:Author, Journalist
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1377:Alias Jesse James
1369:Hell's Crossroads
1052:on 4 January 2018
703:St. Louis Journal
663:Kansas City Times
648:at James' trial.
619:Colony of Carlota
488:Little Blue River
460:Camden Expedition
453:Brigadier General
414:Waverly, Missouri
362:Kansas City Times
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1393:A Time for Dying
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52:Please help
47:verification
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1622:1889 deaths
1617:1839 births
1555:Video games
1526:Jesse James
1273:Jesse James
1243:Robert Ford
1214:Frank James
1188:Jesse James
953:10 February
844:January 13,
684:Frank James
646:Frank James
636:Meanwhile,
581:Rock Hudson
405:, raised a
367:Jesse James
357:Confederate
351:during the
189:Nationality
168:May 4, 1889
1611:Categories
1537:Literature
1245:(assassin)
1236:Associates
783:References
600:Maximilian
577:John Wayne
572:Rio Grande
373:Early life
248:Allegiance
80:newspapers
1216:(brother)
1056:3 January
1030:3 January
808:3 January
668:scalawags
590:In Mexico
512:Lexington
500:Boonville
397:War years
289:1862-1865
1210:(mother)
1204:(father)
1148:Archived
1135:Archived
943:Rootsweb
754:Writings
710:Santa Fe
670:", and "
612:Veracruz
560:Veracruz
532:Virginia
522:Post war
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492:Westport
426:division
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349:adjutant
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231:Children
192:American
110:May 2013
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1518:Comics
1496:(2012)
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680:Jesse
608:Union
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219:(
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101:JSTOR
87:books
1265:Film
1107:ISBN
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1058:2018
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682:and
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