59:
125:
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174:
It was not the constitution of a projected new state, for that it was made up of the mountainous regions of the mid-Atlantic states, that would join or seek to join the Union. He also denied, during his trial, the intent of revolting against the United States, of creating a new country. Sometimes he
132:
Just what the provisional constitution was intended for is not completely clear. It was not distributed in
Harpers Ferry. There is no record of any comments by Brown on how and when it was to be distributed and used. "John Brown never...communicated his whole plan, even to his immediate followers.
175:
seems to want the same United States—he does describe it in the constitution's title as "for the people of the United States"—but with a better and anti-slavery constitution. This proposed one was only "provisional", which implies some sort of procedure to create a new, permanent constitution.
187:
Not one of the copies was ever distributed; even nearby enslaved persons did not receive copies. The reason for this has never been explained. Although it was reprinted, always with scorn, in the press, Brown was not asked about it by any of the many visitors he saw during the month (November
206:
In the pockets of
William H. Leeman, one of the rebels killed at Harpers Ferry, was found a commission as captain "in the army established under the provisional constitution". It was signed by John Brown, Commander in Chief, at the "War Department, near Harpers Ferry", dated October 15. The
133:...With characteristic reticence Brown revealed his whole plan to no one, and many of those close to him received quite different impressions, or rather read their own ideas into Brown's careful speech." Brown's planned raid on Harpers Ferry was laid out at the
476:
555:
58:
629:
466:
178:
Under Brown's provisional constitution, there would be a unicameral legislature of no less than 5 nor more than 10 members, all chosen at large. There would be no senate.
545:
124:
17:
564:
238:
134:
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82:, in February, 1858. He later described it as "of my own contriving and getting up". This constitution was adopted at a convention Brown held in
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445:
615:
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199:
89:
Although this document was dismissed by contemporaries as evidence of Brown's madness, David
Reynolds points out that at the time, the
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293:
1101:
586:
1043:
1010:
39:. It called for a new state in the Appalachian Mountains, a sort of West Virginia, populated by volunteer freedom fighters and
1005:
638:
36:
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676:
578:
1192:
1028:
891:
413:
181:
Brown did not see setting up another government with a different constitution to be a revolt against the United States.
1343:
1338:
43:
from plantations, which were at lower altitudes. It was introduced into evidence at his trial as evidence of sedition.
1242:
1132:
273:
224:
94:
104:, who called it "a covenant with death and an agreement from hell" because it indirectly sanctioned slavery, as the
145:, in 1858. The convention of mostly black delegates also adopted the measures of Brown's Provisional Constitution.
47:
1317:
1297:
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1287:
1087:
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499:
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378:
John Brown, abolitionist : the man who killed slavery, sparked the Civil War, and seeded civil rights
1186:
1080:
1069:
1053:
1000:
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681:
671:
321:
A Voice from
Harpers Ferry; with incidents prior and subsequent to its capture by Capt. Brown and his men
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749:
46:
John Brown also wrote, at about the same time, a little-known
Declaration of Liberty, inspired by the
1015:
881:
764:
686:
659:
569:
439:
435:
265:
229:
184:
The
Provisional Constitution was cited during the trial as evidence of his intent to commit treason.
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32:
28:
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359:
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8:
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148:
Printed certificates named the following as officers under the
Provisional Constitution:
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79:
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97:
75:
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269:
90:
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886:
861:
550:
349:
101:
83:
1276:
1257:
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896:
759:
711:
691:
319:
158:
142:
40:
1292:
1282:
1108:
876:
851:
816:
811:
706:
546:"John Brown's Passionate "Declaration of Liberty,' Written on a Lengthy Scroll"
405:
116:
1332:
1302:
1165:
911:
871:
866:
846:
826:
701:
696:
381:
1312:
1307:
974:
906:
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72:
Provisional
Constitution and Ordinances for the People of the United States
64:
Provisional
Constitution and Ordinances for the People of the United States
1219:
207:
commission was a preprinted form, with Leeman's name filled in by hand.
170:
William H. Leeman, named
Captain, October 15, 1859 (reproduced at right)
1138:
741:
197:
Much of the Constitution was reprinted in many newspapers, such as the
937:
290:"John Brown's Interview in the Charlestown (or Charles Town) Prison"
262:"Fire from the midst of you" : A Religious Life of John Brown
637:
164:
George B. Gill, Secretary of the Treasury (reproduced at right)
93:
itself was "a highly contested text". It was rejected by the
120:
Certificate naming Wm. Leeman a captain in John Brown's army
128:
Certificate naming George B. Gill Secretary of the Treasury
188:
2–December 2, 1859) between being sentenced to death (in
167:
Jeremiah G. Anderson, named Captain, October 1, 1859
111:
1330:
497:
53:
623:
630:
616:
358:. (For the article on this biography, see
18:John Brown's provisional constitution
933:B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing
444:, Clipping from unidentified newspaper.,
491:
372:
344:
342:
314:
123:
115:
57:
1102:Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown
416:from the original on September 25, 2015
366:
348:
14:
1331:
1044:John Brown Museum (Osawatomie, Kansas)
1011:Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
259:
74:was written by Brown while a guest in
1075:John Brown's Provisional Constitution
1034:John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum
1006:Burning of Winchester Medical College
611:
543:
517:from the original on 1 September 2020
434:
339:
562:
498:Our own reporter (19 October 1859).
479:from the original on August 29, 2020
222:
1029:John Brown Farm State Historic Site
544:Onion, Rebecca (December 2, 2013).
24:
1354:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
639:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
594:The Month at Goodspeed's Book Shop
558:from the original on 7 March 2023.
532:
448:from the original on July 20, 2021
362:). Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs.
296:from the original on June 16, 2019
25:
1365:
1243:Origins of the American Civil War
1133:Abolitionism in the United States
241:from the original on May 25, 2021
112:Projected use of the Constitution
223:Tsai, Robert L. (January 2010).
48:U.S. Declaration of Independence
37:raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia
1318:Winchester and Potomac Railroad
563:Tsai, Robert (1 January 2010).
475:. October 20, 1869. p. 3.
328:from the original on 2015-10-31
1088:The Last Moments of John Brown
1039:John Brown House (Akron, Ohio)
467:"Further from Harper's Ferry!"
459:
428:
406:"John Brown's Convention 1858"
398:
308:
282:
253:
216:
13:
1:
1095:A Plea for Captain John Brown
210:
86:, Canada, on May 8–10, 1858.
958:Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
472:Wheeling Daily Intelligencer
203:, shortly after his arrest.
200:Wheeling Daily Intelligencer
54:Creation of the constitution
7:
1081:The Last Days of John Brown
1001:Battle Hymn of the Republic
943:Charles Town, West Virginia
928:Allstadt House and Ordinary
587:"The Nation that Never Was"
565:"John Brown's Constitution"
225:"John Brown's Constitution"
10:
1370:
750:Thomas Wentworth Higginson
410:Historical Marker Database
1344:Provisional constitutions
1339:John Brown (abolitionist)
1125:
1016:Heyward Shepherd monument
993:
920:
783:
765:Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
740:
687:John Anthony Copeland Jr.
645:
570:Boston College Law Review
266:New York University Press
230:Boston College Law Review
35:'s papers after his 1859
1070:John Brown's last speech
350:Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt
260:DeCaro, Louis A (2002).
29:provisional constitution
27:Hundreds of copies of a
600:(10): 315–317. c. 1935.
62:Page from John Brown's
1116:Virginia v. John Brown
822:John E.P. Daingerfield
722:Francis Jackson Meriam
655:Osborne Perry Anderson
360:John Brown (biography)
324:. Boston: The author.
191:Virginia v. John Brown
129:
121:
67:
1263:Pottawatomie massacre
775:George Luther Stearns
194:) and his execution.
127:
119:
61:
1248:Battle of Osawatomie
1193:Fire on the Mountain
1145:Battle of Black Jack
985:Winchester, Virginia
980:Sandy Hook, Maryland
953:Harpers Ferry Armory
732:Aaron Dwight Stevens
717:Lewis Sheridan Leary
647:John Brown's raiders
500:"The late rebellion"
316:Anderson, Osborne P.
292:. October 18, 1859.
155:, Commander in Chief
108:had just confirmed.
1288:Henry David Thoreau
1187:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1150:Battle of the Spurs
802:Owen Brown (father)
755:Samuel Gridley Howe
577:(1). Archived from
538:(Most recent first)
509:Baltimore, Maryland
438:(October 1, 1859),
106:Dred Scott decision
80:Rochester, New York
1215:Haitian Revolution
1205:The Good Lord Bird
1199:Wm. Lloyd Garrison
1182:Frederick Douglass
1155:James Madison Bell
796:Mary Ann Day Brown
505:The Daily Exchange
374:Reynolds, David S.
161:, Secretary of War
135:Chatham Convention
130:
122:
98:Wm. Lloyd Garrison
76:Frederick Douglass
68:
1326:
1325:
1253:Quindaro Townsite
1225:Elijah P. Lovejoy
1177:George DeBaptiste
1172:John Stuart Curry
1063:John Brown's Body
1055:John Brown's Body
1049:John Brown's body
970:John Brown's Fort
963:Historic District
948:Gibson-Todd House
892:George H. Steuart
842:Stonewall Jackson
832:George Henry Hoyt
791:John Wilkes Booth
784:Other individuals
727:Dangerfield Newby
91:U.S. Constitution
31:were found among
16:(Redirected from
1361:
1238:James Montgomery
902:Lewis Washington
887:Lysander Spooner
882:Heyward Shepherd
862:Wendell Phillips
677:Owen Brown (son)
632:
625:
618:
609:
608:
601:
591:
582:
581:on 25 June 2021.
559:
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102:Wendell Phillips
84:Chatham, Ontario
21:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1277:Seven Angry Men
1258:Allan Pinkerton
1160:Bleeding Kansas
1121:
989:
916:
897:J. E. B. Stuart
807:John Brown, Jr.
779:
760:Theodore Parker
736:
712:John Henry Kagi
692:Barclay Coppock
641:
636:
605:
589:
585:
535:
533:Further reading
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441:(Title unknown)
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268:. p. 244.
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159:John Henry Kagi
143:Ontario, Canada
114:
56:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1349:1858 documents
1346:
1341:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1293:Harriet Tubman
1290:
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1283:Storer College
1280:
1273:
1269:Santa Fe Trail
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1109:Tragic Prelude
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877:George Sennott
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864:
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857:Richard Parker
854:
852:James M. Mason
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817:Samuel Chilton
814:
812:James Buchanan
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707:Albert Hazlett
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237:(1): 151–207.
214:
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41:escaped slaves
9:
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1303:Denmark Vesey
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1231:Marching Song
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1166:Cloudsplitter
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912:Henry A. Wise
910:
908:
905:
903:
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898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:James Redpath
870:
868:
867:Richard Realf
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
847:Robert E. Lee
845:
843:
840:
838:
837:Andrew Hunter
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:Israel Greene
825:
823:
820:
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815:
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723:
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713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
702:Shields Green
700:
698:
697:Edwin Coppock
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
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680:
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516:
513:. p. 1.
512:
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478:
474:
473:
468:
462:
452:September 12,
447:
443:
442:
437:
431:
420:September 23,
415:
411:
407:
401:
393:
387:
383:
382:Vintage Books
379:
375:
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361:
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351:
345:
343:
327:
323:
322:
317:
311:
300:September 10,
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275:9780814719220
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136:
126:
118:
109:
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96:
95:abolitionists
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
65:
60:
51:
49:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1313:Walt Whitman
1308:Wakarusa War
1275:
1268:
1230:
1204:
1191:
1164:
1137:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1062:
1054:
1021:
975:Kennedy Farm
907:Walt Whitman
770:Gerrit Smith
682:Watson Brown
672:Oliver Brown
604:
597:
593:
579:the original
574:
568:
549:
537:
536:
519:. Retrieved
503:
493:
481:. Retrieved
470:
461:
450:, retrieved
440:
430:
418:. Retrieved
409:
400:
380:. New York:
377:
368:
354:
330:. Retrieved
320:
310:
298:. Retrieved
284:
264:. New York:
261:
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243:. Retrieved
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147:
131:
88:
78:'s house in
71:
69:
63:
45:
26:
1220:Victor Hugo
1210:miniseries)
1024:(biography)
436:Brown, John
1333:Categories
1298:Nat Turner
1139:La Amistad
1022:John Brown
994:Afterwards
742:Secret Six
660:John Brown
483:August 18,
391:0375726152
355:John Brown
332:2020-09-11
211:References
153:John Brown
137:, held in
33:John Brown
938:Beall-Air
921:Locations
521:18 August
245:March 20,
556:Archived
515:Archived
477:Archived
446:archived
414:Archived
376:(2006).
352:(1909).
326:Archived
318:(1861).
294:Archived
239:Archived
1207:(book,
1126:Related
139:Chatham
1271:(film)
1233:(play)
1065:(song)
1057:(poem)
798:(wife)
388:
272:
590:(PDF)
551:Slate
665:body
523:2020
485:2020
454:2020
422:2022
386:ISBN
302:2020
270:ISBN
247:2021
100:and
70:The
1335::
596:.
592:.
575:51
573:.
567:.
554:.
548:.
502:.
469:.
412:.
408:.
384:.
341:^
235:51
233:.
227:.
141:,
50:.
631:e
624:t
617:v
598:5
525:.
511:)
507:(
487:.
424:.
394:.
335:.
304:.
278:.
249:.
66:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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