22:
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This ritual is still practiced in Taiwan in the triple platform ordinations. The offering of incense on the body occurs the night before receiving the bodhisattva vows. It is not mandatory but three is a common choice among monastics. In
Vietnam it is called Lễ Tấn Hương and is also more common than
230:
is used over regular incense to lessen the pain that is caused by the scarring process. The practice is potentially dangerous, and can result in temporary injury including infection, blood poisoning, impaired eye sight, and swelling, as well as potentially permanent injuries including blindness.
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renunciation practices that include "the burning of one's body" as being an ultimate act in the quest for enlightenment, and that if one is not prepared to follow these practices then they cannot become a monk.
602:
921:
251:, or alternatively symbolizing the three Buddhist characteristics of discipline, concentration, and wisdom, especially when these marks are made in multiples of three.
561:"Shaolin Summit to Feature Legendary Monks, Temple's Abbot, Noted Author, Psychologist and Other Experts to Discuss Zen Philosophy, Martial Arts, Holistic Healing"
310:
One origin that has been suggested is that the practice began as a means of identifying monks after the issuance of ordination certificates was suspended by the
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510:[When a monk or nun's ordination ceremony is held, the final part of the ceremony is to burn the "precept scar" on the bald head of the new ordained.]
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during the mid 18th century, after which the practice was ubiquitous for Chan
Buddhist monks during the remainder of the 18th century.
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scars that a monk will receive ranges from three to twelve, though historically as many as eighteen have been used. The meaning of the
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was "a ritual practice which was not of
Buddhist origin, and since it was damaging to the health was to be abolished forthwith."
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Establishing a Pure Land on earth : the
Foguang Buddhist perspective on modernization and globalization
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comes from around the year 1280 in a biography of a monk named Zhide (1235–1322) in a document called
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in
Chinese), both themselves apocryphal texts which in part discuss and justify such practices as
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629:
Birnbaum, Raoul (2003). "Buddhist China at the
Century's Turn". In Overmyer, Daniel L. (ed.).
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260:
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8:
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749:"Where Text Meets Flesh: Burning the Body as an Apocryphal Practice in Chinese Buddhism"
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898:. New York: Sutra Translation Committee of the United States and Canada. Archived from
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One method of creating the marks is achieved by placing an incense-like stick of
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ceremony is often taken from sutras, including the sixteenth precept of the
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533:"? The monks on TV series have cheated the audience for many years.].
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593:"L'Abate Venerabile Shi Yanfan e il produttore Adrian Paul a Cinecittà"
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391:, etc. This practice is still in vogue among Madhava sect Brahmins of
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54:
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concept to Chan
Buddhism, as there is evidence that the existence of
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sects. References to this practice can be traced in texts such as
812:[Revealed: Why are there six scars on the monk's head?].
408:
21:
477:] (in Chinese) (Chu ban ed.). Tai bei shi: 元華文創. 2020.
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in China predates both
Buddhist usage and the authorship of the
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of traditions within Han
Chinese Buddhism such as Pure Land and
422:
396:
272:
299:(1271–1368), and the earliest known recorded description of
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Collection of contemporary local and mass culture in Taiwan
194:. This practice is part of the ceremony for receiving the
992:"Dragon Ball Z: 15 Things You Need to Know About Krillin"
147:
307:(Biographies of Eminent Monks compiled under the Ming).
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burns on the scalp, a process that creates the scars.
635:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 123.
123:
109:
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is an integral part of religious initiation in most
190:, including some specific temples such as that of
435:on his head. Many movies that portray monks with
182:practice where ritual burn scars are received by
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295:The practice dates back to at least the Chinese
283:as a sign of sacrifice and dedication during a
52:
971:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
691:The practice of Chinese Buddhism, 1900-1950
1071:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
975:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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218:onto the top of the head and burning the
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694:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
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529:[When did the monks start burning "
417:media franchise is a monk that has six
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573:from the original on February 27, 2021
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125:
1029:Dragon Ball culture. Volume 3, Battle
948:"'Tapta Mudra Dharana' ceremony held"
893:
887:
798:
687:
605:from the original on October 23, 2021
425:'s first film, the 1982 Chinese film
1004:from the original on August 21, 2022
822:from the original on August 31, 2022
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668:
541:from the original on August 31, 2022
508:每當有僧尼的傳戒大典舉行時,最後壓軸的,就是在新受戒者的光頭上燒「戒疤」
367:
247:varies, with some definitions being
946:Udupi, July 11, DHNS (2013-05-21).
727:
279:on their forearms after taking the
13:
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402:
14:
1129:
461:
990:Strode, Will (January 6, 2017).
808:Peiyun, Li (December 10, 2016).
1054:from the original on 2022-08-31
954:from the original on 2022-08-31
939:
924:. Uttaradi Math. Archived from
914:
876:from the original on 2022-08-31
787:from the original on 2022-08-31
716:from the original on 2022-08-31
657:from the original on 2022-08-31
569:(Press release). May 13, 2011.
527:"和尚从什么时候开始烧"戒疤"？电视剧中的和尚骗了观众很多年"
499:from the original on 2022-08-31
148:
317:The practice itself may be an
124:
110:
96:
53:
16:Ritual scars on Buddhist monks
1:
747:Benn, James A. (1998-05-01).
470:當代臺灣本土大眾文化. 第一冊, 雙源匯流與互動開展精選集
454:
431:, his character Jue Yuan has
354:Buddhist Association of China
222:for several minutes, causing
198:as fully ordained monastics.
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7:
10:
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852:University of Hawaii Press
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285:Buddhist initiation ritual
254:The justification for the
249:refuge in the three jewels
1118:Traditions involving fire
844:Chandler, Stuart (2004).
447:dynasties are considered
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46:
42:
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632:Religion in China today
275:will sometimes receive
1026:Padula, Derek (2015).
896:"The Brahma Net Sutra"
688:Welch, Holmes (1973).
352:In December 1983, the
235:Religious significance
213:
32:
922:"Tapta Mudra Dharana"
364:the Chinese variant.
24:
997:Comic Book Resources
950:. Deccanherald.com.
894:Thanh, Minh (2000).
753:History of Religions
601:. October 10, 2017.
537:. October 23, 2020.
421:on his forehead. In
281:Bodhisattva Precepts
810:"揭密：和尚的頭上為什麼有六個戒疤？"
373:Ceremonial branding
333:in Chinese) or the
428:The Shaolin Temple
305:Ming gaoseng zhuan
209:Artemisia vulgaris
33:
1039:978-0-9831205-0-6
1032:. United States.
861:978-0-8248-6240-4
484:978-957-711-090-9
439:scars during the
368:Similar practices
339:Shouleng'yan jing
337:(also called the
329:(also called the
312:Yongzheng Emperor
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84:Standard Mandarin
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1098:Rites of passage
1093:Buddhist rituals
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381:Narad Panchratra
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264:which discusses
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854:. p. 147.
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66:Literal meaning
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818:(in Chinese).
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765:10.1086/463512
759:(4): 295–322.
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407:The character
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78:Transcriptions
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28:receiving the
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1056:. Retrieved
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930:. Retrieved
926:the original
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904:. Retrieved
900:the original
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850:. Honolulu:
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29:
18:
906:10 December
815:China Times
535:Toutiao.com
414:Dragon Ball
343:moxibustion
323:moxibustion
266:Bodhisattva
224:moxibustion
26:Shi Yan Fan
1103:Initiation
1087:Categories
1058:2022-08-21
1008:August 21,
958:2014-06-09
932:2014-06-09
880:2022-08-21
826:August 30,
791:2022-08-31
720:2022-08-31
661:2022-08-21
609:August 30,
577:August 30,
545:August 30,
503:2022-08-22
493:1204255254
455:References
319:apocryphal
180:ordination
105:Wade–Giles
1067:cite book
1048:907773248
870:875895218
781:161838135
773:0018-2710
598:Cinecittà
411:from the
393:Karnataka
377:Vaishnava
273:Laypeople
212:called a
202:Procedure
1052:Archived
1002:Archived
967:cite web
952:Archived
874:Archived
820:Archived
785:Archived
714:Archived
710:39088631
655:Archived
651:52547679
603:Archived
571:Archived
566:NBC News
539:Archived
497:Archived
178:) is an
149:gaai-baa
143:Jyutping
111:chieh-pa
409:Krillin
291:History
172:Chinese
48:Chinese
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423:Jet Li
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1113:Burns
777:S2CID
531:jieba
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437:jieba
433:jieba
419:jieba
397:India
358:jieba
347:jieba
301:jieba
277:jieba
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241:jieba
167:Jieba
97:jièbā
38:Jieba
30:jieba
1073:link
1044:OCLC
1034:ISBN
1010:2022
977:link
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908:2012
866:OCLC
856:ISBN
828:2022
769:ISSN
706:OCLC
696:ISBN
647:OCLC
637:ISBN
611:2022
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547:2022
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479:ISBN
445:Song
443:and
441:Tang
345:and
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