38:
1824:. "Vendredi 9 à Versailles - Le matin au lever du roi, m. de la Feuillade amena M. de Neufchâtel, fils aîné du président de Mesmes, qui appris à Sa Majesté que son père étoit mort cette nuit d'apoplexie. On espère que le roi voudra bien que la charge de président à mortier ne sorte pas de leur maison ; mais, comme M. de Neufchâtel n'est conseiller que depuis trois mois, on croit qu'elle soit donnée à M. d'Avaux son ambassadeur en Hollande, qui n'est pas marié, et qui pourra la rendre à son neveu quand il seroit en âge de la faire."
1100:
to him. It would be best if it could be passed to his son Jean-Antoine, but this son had just been named conseiller au parlement and still needed to become maître de requêtes before he could become président à mortier. They then wondered whether his youngest brother Jean-Antoine, the diplomat, could hold this office until his son was ready for it. His son Jean-Antoine was nevertheless promoted to président à mortier without ever having been a maître de recherches.
870:
1677:. "Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, chevalier, seigneur d'Irval, depuis qualifié comte d'Avaux, conseiller au Parlement en 1661. maître de requêtes en 1667, ambassadeur à Venise, en Suede et en Hollande, gouverneur de Fismes, conseiller d'état, Prevôt & Maître des Ceremonies des Ordres du Roi sur la démission du Président de Mesmes son frère le 17 fevrier 1684."
1099:
At his death his heirs made a plan how to keep his office as président à mortier in the family. This particular post at the parlement de Paris had been in the de Mesmes family since his paternal uncle Henri had obtained it and had passed from Henri to his youngest paternal uncle Jean-Antoine and then
865:
Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, the president, the subject of this article, may easily be confused with other members of his family who share the same name, notably his grandfather Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, sieur de Roissy (died 1642) and his youngest son Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, knight of Malta (died 1741).
788:
Jean-Jacques was born in 1630, or there about, probably in Paris. He was the eldest of the four sons of Jean-Antoine de Mesmes and his wife Anne
Courtin. His birth year is sometimes given as 1640, which cannot be as it is well established that his youngest brother was born that year.
1751:
de Mesmes, né 23 avril 1675, reçu chevalier de S. Jean de Jérusalem le 12 avril 1676, capitaine de la patrone de Malte l'an 1706, commandeur de
Sommereu, grand-croix de grace de cet ordre en France en 1715, mort à Paris le 2 fevrier 1741 dans la 66 année de son
1626:. "Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, I du nom, chevalier, seigneur de Roissy, & de Cantiers en France, de Gengor, Brocas, Lusson en Béarn, né au septième mois de la grossesse de sa mère le 11 mai 1490, est le premier de sa famille qui vint s'établir à Paris ..."
1559:. "Écartelé, au 1. d'or au croissant montant de sable, au 2 & 3. d'argent, à deux lions passant gueules, au 4. d'or à une étoile de sable au chef de gueules et la pointe de l'écu ondée azur. XI. Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, chevalier, comte d'Avaux, ..."
1768:. "XXXVIII. Henri II de Mesmes. - Fils de Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, président à mortier au parlement de Paris, et de Marguerite Bertrand de la Basinière, il était le neveu du précédent. Ce fut au moins d'avril 1681 qu'il devint abbé de Hambye."
1642:. "Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, chevalier, comte d'Avaux, vicomte de Neufchastel, seigneur de Cramayel, president à Mortier au Parlement de Paris, Prevôt & Maître des Ceremonies des Ordres du Roi, par lettre du 20 septembre 1671."
1021:, becoming the second occupant of Seat 4. He was elected due to his reputation and the influence of his family. He was no famous writer of French literature. His inauguration speech was his only work ever to be printed. His son
894:. This is important because his youngest brother, Jean-Antoine, the diplomat, also claimed to be comte d'Avaux. Using a regnal number in the Parisian branch of the de Mesmes family, he is called Jean-Jacques III de Mesmes.
1661:. "... du président de Mesmes son frère, qui lui-même avait obtenu la même permission de continuer à porter l'ordre, et ce président de Mesmes l'avait eue en 1671 lors de la déroute de la Bazinière, son beau-père ..."
1696:. "Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, Comte d'Avaux, Président à Mortier au Parlement de Paris, Prévôt et Maître de Cérémonies des Ordres du Roi, reçu à l'Académie le 23 Décembre 1676, mort le 9 Janvier 1688."
928:
by buying the neighbouring fief of Écry. He then developed the village of Écry to a small town and renamed it Avaux-la-Ville, while Avaux became Avaux-le-Château. This new town is today known as
966:
Jean-Jacques de Mesmes pursued a judicial and administrative career. He became conseiller au parlement, maître des requêtes, et conseiller d'état. In 1672 he was given his father's place as
948:
1790:
Le 9, Messire Jean
Jacques de Mesmes, Président à mortier, Prévost et Maistre des cérémonies des Ordres du Roy, vn des quarante de l'Académie Françoise mourut icy d'apoplexie.
1610:. "Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, II du nom, chevalier, seigneur de Roissy, fils unique de Henri de Mesmes, & de Jeanne Hennequin, fur élevé dans les belles lettres ..."
1699:
1735:
de Mesmes né l'an 1666, licencié de
Sorbonne, abbé de la Valroi, de Hambye, prieur de Saint-Denys de l'Estrée & de S. Pierre d'Abbeville, mort le 6 mai 1721;
943:
to build a new church in Avaux-la-Ville. An
Italian baroque style and an unusual design were adopted. The church's footprint is said to have the form of a
1033:
On 8 March 1660 Jean-Jacques married
Marguerite Bertrand de la Bazinière, daughter of Macé Bertrand de la Bazinière (1632–1688), trésorier de l'Épargne.
1086:
2024:
Curiositez
Normandes comparées. Études historiques et archéologiques sur les abbayes de bénédictins en général et sur celle de Hambye en particulier
2120:
1956:
2165:
947:. It has a pentagonal dome. The church is dedicated to Saint-Didier. Due to the change of name from Avaux-la-Ville to Asfeld, it is now known as
939:
With the village came the old castle of Écry or Escry, which he extended and transformed. In 1683 Jean-Jacques de Mesmes asked the architect
1718:
1613:
1597:
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1518:
1343:(Jean Jacques de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux, president in the parlement, and commander in the kings' order). On the inner oval frame we can read
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1022:
583:
158:
113:
64:
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1107:
in the Marais
Quarter of Paris to Paul de Beauvilliers, Duke of Saint-Aignan. It thus became known as the HĂ´tel Beauvilliers and later the
1562:
1051:
821:
1005:
around his neck. On 17 February 1684 he resigned from this office and sold it to his younger brother Jean-Antoine, the diplomat.
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1827:
1664:
1629:
2010:
1546:
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953:
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1755:
1645:
1539:
de Mesmes, chevalier de Malte, abbé de la Valroi & de Hambye, mort l'an 1671; Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux
1479:
2066:
1680:
301:
1360:
Jean-Jacques II de Mesmes (1560–1642) was his paternal grand father. Jean-Jacques I de Mesmes (1490–1569) served King
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1419:
1254:
933:
844:
486:
154:
2140:
1859:
1811:
1715:. "Il avoit épousé le 8 mars 1660 Marguerite Bertrand de la Bazinière, fille de Macé Bertrand de la Bazinière ..."
1091:
1594:. "Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, III du nom, comte d'Avaux, vicomte de Neufchâtel, & seigneur de Cramayel, ..."
1895:(in French). Vol. Tome neuvième (Troisième édition ed.). Paris: Compagnie des libraires associez.
1341:
JOHANNES JACOBUS DE MESMES COMES D'AVAUX IN SVPREMO GALLIARUM SENATU PRÆSES ET REGIORUM ORDINUM COMMENDATOR
1495:. "XXXVI. Henri Ier de Mesmes. - On sait qu'il est fils de Jean-Antoine de Mesmes et d'Anne Courtin ..."
1397:
907:
796:
of Paris. His mother was a daughter of
Francois Courtin, seigneur de Brusselles and baron de Givry.
37:
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1693:
1623:
1607:
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1508:
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998:
987:
967:
142:
1712:
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997:
in 1683, shows Jean-Jacques de Mesmes in the robes of a président à mortier with the cross of the
1853:
1837:
1018:
1975:
Dictionnaire général de biographie et d'histoire de mythologie de géographie ancienne et moderne
1805:
1674:
1639:
1556:
1043:(1661–1723), succeeded him as comte d'Avaux and became first president of the Parlement of Paris
1013:
He was a learned man and had travelled to Italy. He owned a large library, for which he engaged
990:. He obtained this office from Macé de Bertrand de la Bazinière (1632-1688), his father-in-law.
898:
1928:
1658:
1456:
Courtin, chevalier, seigneur de
Brusselles, baron de Givri &c, maître de requêtes ..."
1056:
826:
1821:
1978:(in French). Vol. Deuxième partie (Cinquième edition revue ed.). Paris: Delagrave.
1869:
1327:
As his eldest son was the fifth count and followed him directly, Jean-Jacques was the fourth.
1781:
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2155:
2098:
1074:
986:
On 20 September 1671 Jean-Jacques de Mesmes became Provost and Master of Ceremonies of the
975:
925:
1969:
869:
8:
2022:
1361:
2044:
1996:
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2114:
1950:
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Sold his office as provost and master of ceremonies of the Order of the Holy Spirit to
1047:
817:
606:
464:
2092:
2046:
Le grand dictionnaire historique ou le mélange curieux de l'histoire sacrée et profane
1932:
1890:
1515:
de Mesmes, chevalier de Malte, abbé de la Valroi & de Hambye, mort l'an 1671; ..."
940:
2102:
2076:
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2006:
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1938:
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but this seems to be due to a confusion with his brother Jean-Antoine, the diplomat.
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1014:
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1910:
1965:
1808:. "... mourut le 9 janvier 1688. & est enterré aux grands Augustins à Paris."
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1915:(in French). Vol. Tome premier. Paris: Chez l'Ă©diteur, rue de l'Arbre sec.
1886:
1992:
994:
913:
887:
2106:
2057:
2032:
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1973:
1747:
de Mesmes, née l'an 1672, religieuse ursuline à Sainte Avoye l'an 1693; &
1731:. "De son mariage avec cette dame sont sorti Jean-Antoine de Mesmes qui suit;
1067:
Marie-Thérèse (born 1668), married François de la Roche, marquis de Fontenille
2149:
2080:
1942:
1920:
1900:
1432:. "Mesmes, (Jean-Jacques de), neveu de Claude, né à Paris vers 1640 ..."
1036:
Jean-Jacques and Marguerite had five children: three sons and two daughters:
1062:
832:
2052:(in French). Vol. Tome septième. Paris: Pierre Augustin Le Mercier.
1209:
Became provost and master of ceremonies of the Order of the Holy Spirit.
181:
Jean-Jacques de Mesmes with wife, parents, and other selected relatives.
1161:
149:
of Paris. He developed the town of Avaux-la-Ville, which is now called
134:
1183:
1165:
916:
by his eldest son, Jean-Antoine, while Jean-Jacques was still alive.
882:
On 23 February 1673 Jean-Jacques de Mesmes became the fourth comte d'
859:
793:
146:
1892:
Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France
1872:. "... le premier président de Mesmes, cinquième comte d'Avaux ..."
1531:. "... dont il eut Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux qui suit;
1085:
Jean-Jacques died in Paris on 9 January 1688 and was buried at the
971:
902:
138:
1937:(in French). Vol. Tome Deuxième. Paris: Firmin Didot Frères.
886:
at his father's death. The Latin inscription on the portrait by
1347:. On the outer rim of the oval frame at the bottom we can read
929:
924:
In 1671 Jean-Jacques de Mesmes enlarged his estate at Avaux en
153:. He was a member of the Académie française. He was brother of
150:
974:. It is often said that he participated in the signing of the
883:
131:
Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux, vicomte de Neufchâtel
1905:– Knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit and general index
1349:
Ant. Masson ad verum pingebat et sculpebat Parisis 1683 CPR
944:
2141:
Speech by Jean-Jacques de Mesmes at the Académie française
1650:
1648:
2072:
Histoire de l'Académie françoise depuis 1652 jusqu'à 1700
858:
Jean-Jacques also had a sister, Antoinette, who became a
1291:
Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.
970:
at the parlement of Paris. He also became intendant of
1484:
1482:
1704:
1702:
1685:
1683:
1578:. "... il mourut le 23 fevrier 1673, âgé de 75 ans.."
1567:
1565:
1300:
This error is notably found in Dezobry & Bachelet
847:(1640–1709), became a famous diplomat like his uncle
1543:; & Antoinette de Mesmes, religieuse Carmélite."
1123:
As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages.
792:
His father was comte d'Avaux and a president at the
1103:At his death the heirs sold the townhouse built by
912:. The title of vicomte de Neufchâtel was used as a
161:, the premier president of the Parlement of Paris.
1476:de Mesmes, abbé de la Valroi, mort l'an 1658, ..."
1080:
2147:
1713:496, left column, line 73 (almost at the bottom)
1345:Offerebat F. Alipius Vachieres Aug Brignoniensis
1025:would also be an academician (elected in 1710).
1964:
1425:
1339:The Latin inscription on the oval frame reads:
1856:. "1651, 7 septembre : Majorité du roi ."
1535:de Mesmes, abbé de la Valroi, mort l'an 1658,
2005:] (in French). Paris: Fayard-Tallandier.
1739:de Mesmes, nĂ©e l'an 1668, mariĂ©e l'an 1683 Ă
1198:Married Marguerite Bertrand de la Bazinière:
807:He heads the list of brothers as the eldest:
2119:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2097:(in French). Vol. Tome onzième. Paris:
2075:(in French). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Coignard.
1955:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1017:as librarian. In 1676 he was elected to the
2087:
1929:Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, marquis de
1654:
981:
1788:(in French). 10 January 1688. p. 24.
1392:
1390:
936:, who bought the county of Avaux in 1728.
36:
2020:
1908:
1865:
1776:
1774:
1761:
1488:
1318:The arms precede the corresponding text.
1028:
868:
1991:
1927:
1909:Boulliot, Jean Baptiste Joseph (1830).
1885:
1849:
1833:
1817:
1801:
1670:
1635:
1552:
1387:
1273:
1231:Succeeded his father as comte d'Avaux.
1070:Judith-Amasie (born 1672), became a nun
802:Jean-Jacques listed among his brothers
2148:
2065:
2039:
1840:. "1643, 14e mai: Mort de Louis XIII."
1724:
1708:
1689:
1619:
1603:
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1524:
1504:
1465:
1441:
1267:Died, leaving 3 sons and 2 daughters.
993:His portrait, painted and engraved by
2089:Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc de
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2091:(1895). Boislisle, Arthur de (ed.).
2027:(in French). Bernay: Miaulle-Duval.
1998:Initiation Ă l'histoire de la France
1931:(1854). Conches, Feuillet de (ed.).
1743:de la Roche, marquis de Fontenille;
988:Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint-Esprit
164:
2003:Initiation to the History of France
1242:Elected to the Académie française.
1073:Jean-Jacques (1675–1741), became a
97:Marguerite Bertrand de la Bazinière
13:
1373:Henri was the 38th abbot of Hambye
1330:
1321:
1309:Henri was the 36th abbot of Hambye
14:
2177:
2166:Members of the Académie Française
2129:
2067:Olivet, Pierre-Joseph Thoulier d'
2017:– (for timeline) – (for timeline)
919:
1164:; Regency until the majority of
1367:
1354:
1312:
1081:Death, succession, and timeline
877:
2094:MĂ©moires du duc de Saint-Simon
1402:Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne
1303:
1294:
1285:
1186:, end of his mother’s regency.
934:Claude Francois Bidal d'Asfeld
157:, the diplomat, and father of
1:
1934:Journal du marquis de Dangeau
1782:"De Paris le 10 Ianvier 1688"
949:Saint Didier's Church, Asfeld
837:Claude (died 1671), became a
74:
16:French magistrate (1630–1688)
1380:
1220:Became président à mortier.
7:
1541:dont il sera parlé ci-après
1426:Dezobry & Bachelet 1869
106:
10:
2182:
1879:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1046:Henri (1666–1721), became
816:Henri (died 1658), became
801:
1729:496, right column, line 4
1624:494, right column, line 7
1608:495, right column, middle
1592:496, left column, line 63
1529:496, left column, line 56
1509:496, left column, line 58
1470:496, left column, line 57
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133:(1630–1688) was a French
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52:
44:
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30:
23:
1414:Jean-Jacques (1630–1688)
1278:
999:Order of the Holy Spirit
982:Order of the Holy Spirit
2021:Le Conte, René (1891).
897:He was also vicomte de
1255:Jean-Antoine de Mesmes
874:
159:Jean-Antoine de Mesmes
155:Jean-Antoine de Mesmes
65:Jean-Antoine de Mesmes
56:Jean-Antoine de Mesmes
25:Jean-Jacques de Mesmes
1912:Biographie ardennaise
1109:HĂ´tel de Saint-Aignan
1029:Marriage and children
872:
116:, Henri, & others
1274:Notes and references
976:Treaties of Nijmegen
1448:. "Il avoit épousé
1362:Francis I of France
968:président à mortier
890:in 1683 calls him '
143:Président à mortier
124:Président à mortier
1970:Bachelet, Théodore
1398:"maison de Mesmes"
1105:Claude de Mesmes's
1048:commendatory abbot
1019:Académie française
1009:Académie française
901:, and seigneur de
875:
818:commendatory abbot
2012:978-2-235-01484-7
1786:Gazette de France
1452:Courtin fille de
1271:
1270:
1250:1684, 17 Feb
1239:1676, 23 Dec
1228:1673, 23 Feb
1206:1671, 20 Sep
1155:1643, 14 May
1075:Knight of St John
1050:of the abbeys of
856:
855:
839:knight of St John
820:of the abbeys of
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165:Birth and origins
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2136:Racines Histoire
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2016:
1987:
1966:Dezobry, Charles
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1655:Saint-Simon 1895
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1264:1688, 9 Jan
1195:1660, 8 Mar
1177:1651, 3 Sep
1114:
1113:
1095:
1087:Grands Augustins
1060:
1015:Lucas Holstenius
957:
911:
873:His coat of arms
830:
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798:
758:
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744:
335:
189:
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110:
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20:
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2111:
2049:
2013:
1993:Goubert, Pierre
1948:
1947:
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1523:
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1503:
1499:
1487:
1480:
1464:
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1440:
1436:
1424:
1420:
1407:
1405:
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1891:
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1854:400, line 14
1850:Goubert 1984
1845:
1834:Goubert 1984
1829:
1818:Dangeau 1854
1813:
1802:Anselme 1733
1797:
1789:
1785:
1757:
1749:Jean-Jacques
1748:
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1736:
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1675:316, line 33
1671:Anselme 1733
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1640:316, line 14
1636:Anselme 1733
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1406:. Retrieved
1401:
1369:
1356:
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1296:
1287:
1182:Majority of
1181:
1176:
1159:
1154:
1122:
1102:
1098:
1084:
1041:Jean-Antoine
1035:
1032:
1023:Jean-Antoine
1012:
1002:
992:
985:
965:
938:
923:
896:
891:
881:
878:Noble titles
864:
857:
845:Jean-Antoine
811:Jean-Jacques
810:
791:
787:
748:
727:
714:
701:
626:
615:
600:
584:
487:
473:
458:
447:
434:
327:
314:
302:
290:
211:
200:
172:Family tree
130:
129:
114:Jean-Antoine
105:
18:
2161:1688 deaths
2156:1630 births
1838:399, line 5
1725:Moréri 1759
1709:Moréri 1759
1690:Olivet 1730
1620:Moréri 1759
1604:Moréri 1759
1588:Moréri 1759
1572:Moréri 1759
1557:316, line 8
1525:Moréri 1759
1505:Moréri 1759
1466:Moréri 1759
1442:Moréri 1759
1408:17 February
1404:(in French)
1143:1630, about
1090: [
1055: [
1003:cordon bleu
952: [
906: [
825: [
813:(1630–1688)
766:the article
78: 1630
53:Predecessor
2150:Categories
2107:1068033585
2058:1070379896
2033:1028980788
1984:1040551952
1868:, p.
1852:, p.
1836:, p.
1820:, p.
1806:316, lower
1804:, p.
1764:, p.
1727:, p.
1711:, p.
1692:, p.
1673:, p.
1657:, p.
1638:, p.
1622:, p.
1606:, p.
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1574:, p.
1555:, p.
1527:, p.
1507:, p.
1491:, p.
1468:, p.
1444:, p.
1428:, p.
1162:Louis XIII
899:Neufchâtel
841:(or Malta)
764:Subject of
730:Antoinette
728:Henriette-
719:Antoinette
448:Marguerite
212:Antoinette
135:magistrate
121:Occupation
2115:cite book
2081:634653169
1951:cite book
1943:310446765
1921:239338707
1901:831196155
1381:Citations
1184:Louis XIV
1166:Louis XIV
1160:Death of
1117:Timeline
926:Champagne
860:Carmelite
794:Parlement
709:1683–1758
632:1675–1741
604:1666–1721
595:President
591:1661–1723
494:1640–1709
452:Bazinière
442:President
440:1630–1688
334:1610–1671
322:President
320:1598–1673
307:1595–1650
296:President
294:1585–1650
216:Grossaine
206:1560–1642
147:Parlement
94:Spouse(s)
61:Successor
48:1673–1688
2099:Hachette
2069:(1730).
2062:– M to N
2043:(1759).
1995:(1984).
1988:– K to Z
1972:(1869).
1889:(1733).
1741:François
1454:François
972:Soissons
903:Cramayel
697:Nicholas
496:Diplomat
309:Diplomat
139:Soissons
1880:Sources
1511:. "...
1472:. "...
1001:on its
776:d'Avaux
733:m. 1715
722:m. 1720
702:Durfort
634:Knt. of
629:Jacques
621:b. 1668
618:Thérèse
587:Antoine
490:Antoine
479:Knt. of
477:d. 1671
462:d. 1658
450:B de la
437:Jacques
330:Courtin
317:Antoine
203:Jacques
145:of the
2125:– 1703
2105:
2079:
2056:
2031:
2009:
1982:
1941:
1919:
1899:
1537:Claude
1513:Claude
1146:Born.
1135:Event
1063:Hambye
1052:Valroy
962:Career
932:after
930:Asfeld
849:Claude
833:Hambye
822:Valroy
774:Comtes
749:Legend
715:Marie-
706:Lorges
616:Marie-
474:Claude
303:Claude
151:Asfeld
141:, and
107:Detail
45:Tenure
2050:(PDF)
2001:[
1752:âge."
1733:Henri
1533:Henri
1474:Henri
1279:Notes
1261:57–58
1247:53–54
1236:45–46
1225:42–43
1214:41–42
1203:40–41
1192:29–30
1173:20–21
1151:12–13
1094:]
1059:]
956:]
910:]
884:Avaux
829:]
717:Anne-
636:Malta
627:Jean-
609:Abbot
601:Henri
585:Jean-
488:Jean-
481:Malta
467:Abbot
459:Henri
435:Jean-
315:Jean-
291:Henri
201:Jean-
102:Issue
89:Paris
2121:link
2103:OCLC
2077:OCLC
2054:OCLC
2029:OCLC
2007:ISBN
1980:OCLC
1957:link
1939:OCLC
1917:OCLC
1897:OCLC
1450:Anne
1430:1783
1410:2019
1217:1672
1132:Date
1061:and
862:nun
831:and
607:Cmd.
465:Cmd.
328:Anne
84:Died
71:Born
1870:258
1766:220
1694:250
1659:169
1493:219
1446:496
1129:Age
771:XXX
761:XXX
695:Guy
593:1er
2152::
2117:}}
2113:{{
2101:.
1968:;
1953:}}
1949:{{
1822:92
1784:.
1773:^
1701:^
1682:^
1647:^
1564:^
1481:^
1412:.
1400:.
1389:^
1332:^
1111:.
1096:.
1092:fr
1057:fr
958:.
954:fr
908:fr
827:fr
704:de
699:de
214:de
75:c.
2123:)
2109:.
2083:.
2060:.
2035:.
2015:.
1986:.
1959:)
1945:.
1923:.
1903:.
1364:.
1351:.
1140:0
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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