253:
186:
268:. He lived on the estate with his family and initially relations with his employers were good. Letters from Elizabeth Montagu reveal that Woodhouse was an effective bailiff, working long hours during the harvest and supervising planting, ditching, and ploughing. He also produced poems for special occasions such as Elizabeth's birthday. However, tensions arose between the Woodhouse family and Elizabeth Montagu and the relationship gradually soured, a rupture happening in 1778 when Woodhouse left his post, returning with his family to his native Rowley Regis. During his time back in his native region, Woodhouse suffered the loss of one of his daughters, Martha, who died of smallpox. He was reconciled with Elizabeth Montagu in 1781 and re-entered her employ as steward at Sandleford and at her new London home at
33:
165:, to which he allowed free access. Then, after extensive damage to the estate by the public in 1759, he restricted general access. On hearing of the damage, Woodhouse wrote an elegy to Shenstone, praising him and deploring the need to close the gardens to the public. From this time, Shenstone encouraged Woodhouse's literary efforts, granting the shoe-maker access to his library. In January 1760, Woodhouse married Hannah Fletcher (who figures as "Daphne" in Woodhouse's writings) at Rowley Regis parish church. They were to have 6 children who were recorded in the local parish records as well as many still-born children. In 1763, a poem by Woodhouse about the spring season was included in a series of volumes entitled
133:
rural, although the hand-made nail trade was well established in the district. According to one source, Woodhouse was "taken from school" at the age of seven having learnt only to read and write. He took up the trade of shoe-maker, which supported him and his family in his early years. According to the introduction to his first published collection, Woodhouse developed an "invincible inclination to reading and an insatiable thirst after knowledge" at the age of eighteen, from when he "expended all his little perquisites in the purchase of magazines". He started writing poetry, to the alarm of his father who considered it a distraction from his work, and made the acquaintance of the poet
228:, an expanded version of his collection from 1764. The volume was dedicated to Lord George Lyttelton, to whom two of the new poems in the collection were addressed, whilst Elizabeth Montagu helped arrange the subscription necessary to achieve publication. In the introduction to he volume, Woodhouse informed his readers that: "by the great and unexpected generosity of my Patrons, I am now enabled to apply my time chiefly to my little school". In June 1767, a poem addressed to Woodhouse was published, written by John Jones of Kidderminster, which alludes to the assistance given by Lyttleton to Woodhouse after Shenstone's death:
348:
170:
a subscription made by his friends. The collection was published in 1764, and in the same year, a single poem by
Woodhouse appeared in the second volume of a collection of the works of William Shenstone. By this time he had "two or three children". He was supplementing his shoe-making income by teaching children to read and write but claimed to be earning only 8s per week. He also acquired new literary patrons, who would assist him in his career, namely
288:. These were the first poems that he published since entering the service of Elizabeth and Edward Montagu in 1767. The volume included an "Address to the Public" in which he laments his difficult financial position "with the addition of an unhealthy wife, by whom I have had twenty-seven children". The book, which included a poem in defence of King George III, was sold from premises at 10 Lower Brook Street, London.
481:. The work consisted of nine verse epistles, which had been written in 1789. Despite the title of the work, the verses are concerned with moral and religious questions rather than marital love. According to a contemporary review, in the work, Woodhouse "satirizes the fashionable vices and follies of the great". In 1809,
169:
although later the poet complained that this had been done without his knowledge and that the text was imperfect. After
Shenstone's death in 1763, Woodhouse managed to publish a collection of his poems, entitled "Poems on Sundry Occasions" (later republished as "Poems on Several Occasions") aided by
132:
in the Black
Country region of England in 1735. He was the son of Joseph and Mary Woodhouse, owners of a farm, who had him baptized at St. Giles, the parish church, on 18 April 1735. At this time, the area around Rowley Regis village, which was sited on a ridge crossing the Black Country, was largely
416:, comprised the following poems: "Ridicule", "An Elegy on a favourite Child who died of the small-pox" (written in 1779 following the death of his daughter, Martha), "Elegy written in 1784, from the country", "Ode to the Lily" and "A Morning Rhapsody". A contemporary review of the volume stated that
355:
A number of
Woodhouse's early poems were written in praise of William Shenstone and his estate, The Leasowes. Thus, his first collection published in 1764, included two elegies to "William Shenstone, Esq; Of the Lessowes" and a poem addressed to Shenstone, "On his indisposition in the spring, 1762"
215:
He spoke with much contempt of the notice taken of
Woodhouse, the poetical shoemaker. He said, it was all vanity and childishness ; and that such objects were, to those who patronised them, mere mirrors of their own superiority. 'They had better,' said he, 'furnish the man with good implements
193:
The publication of his work inspired a humorous letter to the St. James's
Chronicle, which pointed out that shoemaking and poetry writing were not incompatible tasks: "he may surely, by no unnatural association of ideas, think at one and the same time of the Feet of his Verses and the Feet of his
327:
tall, erect, venerable, almost patriarchal, in his appearance — in his black-velvet cap, from beneath which his grey locks descended upon his forehead, and on each side of his still fine face, — his long, black, loose gown, — and his benignant air — issuing from his little parlour with a stately
516:
was only published in part during his lifetime. It was first published in 1815. Woodhouse's name was not mentioned in the publication, the authorship of which was ascribed to a "Friend" of
Crispinus. It was not until 1896 when the work appeared in its full form, published by a descendant, Rev.
111:, who lived nearby, and was encouraged by him to write poetry. In 1764 a collection of his poems was published with the financial assistance of his friends and he acquired some fame as a writer of "humble" beginnings. He acquired literary patrons, the most of important being the "
115:" Elizabeth Montagu, who also became his employer. After a dispute with Montagu, he left her service and his final years were spent in London, where he set up a bookselling business. He died in 1820 and was buried at the cemetery of St George's Chapel, near Marble Arch in London.
220:
Also in 1765, Woodhouse had an unfortunate meeting with the new owner of the
Leasowes, Captain Turnpenny. Whilst walking through Shenstone's former property with his brother and a friend, Woodhouse was beaten by Turnpenny's servants, the new owner not recognising the poet.
435:, inscribed to the owner of the park, W. Lock. There were also five verse epistles, namely: "Epistle to a young lady of title", "Epistle, to the Rev. Mr. Sellon", "Epistle to a friend", "Epistle to the same" (following on from
525:
The poem is an autobiographical work and, with its 28,000 lines, is considerably longer than any of
Woodhouse's previous poems, taking up all of volume one of his complete published works and a significant part of volume two.
320:, and Crispin the patron saint of shoemakers. The poem includes a very critical portrayal of Woodhouse's former patron, Elizabeth Montagu, which is thought be the reason for it not being published in full during his lifetime.
205:. According to the later recollections of Mrs Thrale, Johnson advised the poet to: "give nights and days, sir, to the study of Addison, if you mean either to be a good writer, or, what is more worth, an honest man." In his
216:
for his trade, than raise subscriptions for his poems. He may make an excellent shoemaker, but can never make a good poet. A schoolboy's exercise may be a pretty thing for a schoolboy; but it is no treat for a man.'
310:. The poem was published in part in 1815 but the complete poem was only published posthumously in 1896 by one of his descendants, the Rev. R.I. Woodhouse. The title of the work probably alludes to the
291:
Woodhouse composed a number of poems during the following years although publication was delayed until the early years of the 19th century. In 1803, Woodhouse published a collection of poems entitled
211:, James Boswell published some recollections of a friend of Johnson's, the Rev. Dr. William Maxwell of Falkland, Ireland, claiming that Johnson had made disparaging remarks about Woodhouse, stating:
154:
1633:
252:
32:
702:
1841:
189:
Woodhouse's patron and employer, Elizabeth
Montagu. After their initial cordial relations were spoilt, Montagu became a target for the poet's satire.
482:
272:. A final breach with Elizabeth Montagu occurred in 1788 prompted by religious and political differences and Woodhouse left her service for good.
1385:
299:. At this time he had a premises at 211 Oxford Street, London. The following year he published a collection of verse epistles entitled
107:. He was known as the "shoe-maker poet" from his trade that supported him during his early years. He made the acquaintance of the poet
90:
Poems on sundry occasions, Poems on several occasions, Norbury Park and other poems, The Life and Lucubrations of Crispinus Scriblerus
323:
A description of Woodhouse in his final years at his bookshop was given in an edition of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine from 1829:
179:
185:
332:
Woodhouse died in 1820, his death brought about by a collision with a carriage whilst crossing the road, and was buried near
171:
1753:
284:. In 1788, Woodhouse published a volume of poems with the same title as his 1766 book, but with different content, namely:
1871:
742:
1881:
1808:
1590:
1563:
1331:
1301:
856:
576:
431:
included eleven poems and was published in May 1803. Almost half of the volume was taken up with a poem entitled:
1429:
584:
1689:
1368:
312:
265:
451:. Two other poems made up the collection: "The Boy and the Butterfly" and "Autumn and the Redbreast, An Ode".
1606:
1528:
390:
which was inscribed to some "gentlemen and ladies in London" who had made a small subscription for him, and
269:
1798:
1580:
1106:
1053:
928:"Patronage, Punch-Ups, and Polite Correspondence: The Radical Background of James Woodhouse's Early Poetry"
592:
1866:
1195:
927:
328:
step, as the tingling bell which hung over the shop door gave notice of a customer, when it was opened.
1876:
1497:
280:
His final years were spent in London, where he set up a bookselling business with the assistance of
1263:
764:
1249:
1100:
998:
1228:
1039:
351:
A number of Woodhouse's early poems were addressed to the poet William Shenstone of the Leasowes
1674:
1129:
886:
846:
798:
397:
Woodhouse's second collection from 1766, included the poems from the earlier volume but added:
261:
1347:
1291:
1173:
982:
819:
178:. In his first published collection, Woodhouse also acknowledged the financial assistance of
606:
197:
As the "shoe-maker poet", Woodhouse achieved some measure of fame and came to the notice of
1861:
1856:
758:
8:
1222:
901:
679:
1243:
1083:
658:
256:
In 1767, Woodhouse was employed as land bailiff at the Sandleford estate of the Montagus
1245:
The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL. D.: Together with The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides
1033:
957:
1804:
1586:
1559:
1483:
1327:
1297:
1167:
976:
961:
852:
813:
738:
347:
175:
134:
108:
1817:
1670:
1152:
1148:
1125:
947:
939:
882:
794:
707:
760:
Annual register, or a view of the history and politics and literature for the year
719:
161:
Shenstone had carried out extensive landscape gardening at his estate, creating a
1781:
1736:
1717:
1460:
1409:
1321:
339:
In his will, Woodhouse left his property to his only surviving child, Elizabeth.
317:
207:
194:
Customers; or Hammer out a line, while he is Hammering out the sole of a shoe."
1169:
Mrs. Montague, "Queen of the blues", her letters and friendships from 1762-1800
815:
Mrs. Montague, "Queen of the blues", her letters and friendships from 1762-1800
711:
673:
652:
198:
162:
1850:
1477:
1411:
Norbury Park: A Poem : with Several Others, Written on Various Occasions
281:
202:
100:
420:
seemed "principally intended to expose the fallaciousness and scurrility of
530:
296:
138:
129:
112:
104:
943:
521:, who brought out a two volume edition of Woodhouse's works entitled: The
421:
333:
153:
1482:. Vol. 18. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. pp.
952:
182:, who put the poet in possession of a free school worth £10 per annum.
1741:. Vol. 12. London: Sherwood, Neely and Jones. 1809. p. 138.
1547:
903:
The Works, in Verse and Prose, of William Shenstone: With Decorations
142:
477:
In the year after Norbury Park was published, Woodhouse brought out
518:
316:, a work created by the group of 18th century writers known as the
1722:. Vol. 3. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. p. 596.
1105:. Vol. 2. Darwin Online. London: R. and J. Dodsley. pp.
405:, and two poems inscribed to Lord Lyttelton. Also included was an
848:
The Encyclopedia of British Literature, 3 Volume Set: 1660 - 1789
306:
He wrote a long autobiographical satirical narrative poem called
1145:
Prose on several occasions;accompanied with some pieces in verse
981:. Vol. 3. Staffordshire Parish Registers Society. pp.
1479:
Satire's View of Sentimentalism in the Days of George the Third
454:
The latter poem, inscribed to Woodhouse's wife Hannah, begins:
409:
and a poem inscribed to a countess on the death of a daughter.
275:
1004:. Vol. 1.2.1.05. The Literary Dictionary Company Limited
445:
To my wife and children, under a severe affliction in my eyes
260:
In 1767, Woodhouse found employment as a land bailiff on the
1035:
Age Of Johnson, Essays presented to Chauncey Brewster Tinker
700:
Christmas, William J. (3 October 2013). "Woodhouse, James".
386:
Woodhouse's first collection also included two other poems:
1745:
1826:
The Life and Poetical Works of James Woodhouse (1735-1820)
1783:
The Life and Poetical Works of James Woodhouse (1735-1820)
1268:. Vol. 36. London: R. Baldwin. 1767. pp. 303–304
1265:
The London Magazine, or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer
1285:
1283:
1058:. Vol. 3. London: Dryden Leach. 1763. pp. 86–95
989:
1256:
1352:. Vol. 66. London: A. Hamilton. 1788. p. 575.
1102:
The works in verse and prose, of William Shenstone, esq
805:
523:
Life and Poetical Works of James Woodhouse (1735-1820).
1669:. London: W. Richardson and S. Clark. pp. 1–109.
1373:. London: Bellamy and Robarts. 1788. pp. 356–357.
1280:
1248:. Vol. 2. London: George Bell and Sons. pp.
845:
Van Hagen, Steve (2015). Gary Day; Jack Lynch (eds.).
793:. London: W. Richardson and S. Clark. pp. i–vii.
726:
561:
Near the blest spot where Heav'n's fair temple stands,
439:), and one written to the deceased William Shenstone:
1046:
784:
782:
1423:
1421:
1194:
Boswell, James (1887). Hill, George Birkbeck (ed.).
881:. London: W. Richardson and S. Clark. pp. 1–8.
295:, which he dedicated to William Locke, the owner of
1384:Griffiths, Ralph; Griffiths, George Edward (1788).
1363:
1361:
1359:
1172:. Vol. 2. Scotland: Houghton Mifflin. p.
1124:. London: W. Richardson and S. Clark. p. 109.
818:. Vol. 1. Scotland: Houghton Mifflin. p.
751:
1842:List of 18th-century British working-class writers
1752:
1688:
1632:
1390:. Vol. 79. London: R. Griffiths. p. 167.
1383:
1113:
1038:. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press. pp.
997:
779:
559:There 'mid the Cots that look o'er southern lands,
414:Poems on several occasions, never before published
373:But gladd'ning smiles maintain their wonted grace.
201:, meeting the writer in 1765 at the invitation of
1523:
1521:
1519:
1469:
1465:. London: Straban and Preston. 1804. p. 426.
1418:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
621:The Life and Lucubrations of Crispinus Scriblerus
537:High, on those Hills, whose scarce-recorded Name,
514:The Life and Lucubrations of Crispinus Scriblerus
449:To my wife, on her wishing to see me half an hour
336:in London at the cemetery of St George's Chapel.
308:The Life and Lucubrations of Crispinus Scriblerus
1848:
1828:. London, New York: Leadenhall Press. p. 9.
1790:
1738:The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure
1731:
1729:
1556:British Labouring-Class Nature Poetry, 1730–1837
1356:
1323:Smallpox and the Literary Imagination, 1660-1820
968:
665:
551:Wreath'd round his brows with never-fading bays;
543:O'er other swarming heights, and hamlets, round—
483:The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure
399:Wrote at the Lessowes after Mr Shenstone's Death
247:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1572:
429:Norbury Park: A Poem : with Several Others
363:PARDON, O Shenstone ! an intruding strain,
1803:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 314.
1800:Social Networks in the Long Eighteenth Century
1585:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 331.
1582:Social Networks in the Long Eighteenth Century
1516:
1296:. Cranbury, NJ: University of Delaware Press.
1016:
1000:Joseph Woodhouse: in The Literary Encyclopedia
840:
838:
836:
1726:
1349:The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature
1159:
851:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1366–1367.
541:Just to announce, distinct, the simple sound,
497:To shew while we, dull duteous peasants, plod
375:Hence, vain surmise! my muse can ne'er offend
369:And dares on thy distinguished name to dwell;
234:Which Woodhouse, frantic sheds upon thy bier;
1715:
1681:
1653:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
706:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
671:
555:Might serve to raise the sound one semitone.
539:Has weakly whisper'd from the trump of Fame;
495:A partial sketch how peccant courtiers live.
232:Oh! Shenstone! Shenstone! worthy ev'ry tear,
66:Burial ground of St George's Chapel, London.
1719:The Annual review and history of literature
1613:. William Blackwood. 1829. pp. 753–754
1504:. London: J. Porter. 1816. pp. 216–217
1326:. Cambridge University Press. p. 101.
1315:
1313:
833:
545:Unless like Name of Bristol's ancient Bard,
517:Reginald Illingsworth Woodhouse, Rector of
367:Who feels ambition haunt the lowliest cell,
276:Life as a bookseller and final publications
240:That patriot peer, with pity saw thy grief,
148:
1769:– via The British Newspaper Archive.
1705:– via The British Newspaper Archive.
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1319:
1077:
1075:
1073:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
578:To William Shenstone Esq.; in his sickness
563:Once dwelt an humble, but an honest, Pair,
485:published a tenth letter in the sequence,
460:And chaunt the matchless charms of Spring;
377:One; who so good? To all mankind a friend.
365:Nor blame the boldness of a village swain,
31:
1823:
1779:
1664:
1490:
1407:
1370:THE GENERAL MAGAZINE AND IMPARTIAL REVIEW
1289:
1119:
1098:
1081:
995:
951:
910:
899:
876:
844:
788:
699:
547:Among the tuneful tribes may meet regard,
507:In dissipation spend their precious time.
505:Or, adding phrenzy to that foolish crime,
99:(1735–1820) was an English poet from the
1475:
1435:A companion to Eighteenth Century Poetry
1310:
1165:
1031:
872:
870:
868:
650:
549:Which hapless Chatterton's prolific lays
493:Dear Hannah, In my last I strove to give
472:Her looks, her laughs, her lays, divine.
468:Array'd with charms throughout the Year.
371:Let no censorious frown deform thy face,
346:
251:
184:
152:
1535:. London: H. Colburn. 1815. p. 152
1427:
1394:
1241:
1220:
1193:
1070:
925:
811:
732:
703:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
633:
565:Of manners, rustic, but of morals rare!
470:Mak'st all her beauties blissful shine,
1849:
1553:
1142:
657:. Stafford: Chronicle Press. pp.
553:Or poor Crispinus', oaten pipe, alone,
503:In glorifying self before their glass,
462:The Spring, to me, displays no charms—
403:Palemon and Collinet, a Pastoral Elegy
238:But Lyttleton commands I must no more;
1796:
1578:
1428:Overton, W.J. (2006). Gerrard (ed.).
974:
865:
763:. London: J. Dodsley. 1764. pp.
695:
693:
691:
689:
672:Jones, John; Southey, Robert (1831).
623:, 1815 (complete poem published 1896)
501:How they their days idolatrously pass
489:. The opening lines of the poem are:
382:Also included in the collection was:
236:Thy loss in him I ever would deplore,
1147:. London: T. Cadel. pp. 47–49.
651:Hackwood, Frederick William (1911).
466:'Tis thou mak'st Nature still appear
441:Epistle, to Shenstone, in the Shades
1558:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
359:The first of these elegies begins:
13:
906:. London: J. Dodsley. p. 394.
686:
499:In serving man, or glorifying God,
464:It calls me from my Hannah's arms!
458:Let happy Poets strike the string,
437:An Ode to a friend on his marriage
242:and angel like administer'd relief
14:
1893:
1639:discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk
1320:Shuttleton, David (17 May 2007).
570:
342:
157:Shenstone's house at The Leasowes
37:James Woodhouse, poet and cobbler
1607:"Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine"
1414:. London: Watts and Bridgewater.
1227:. London: James Burns. pp.
1202:. Appendix F. H. Baldwin and Son
926:Bridgen, Adam J. (Spring 2017).
678:. London: John Murray. pp.
1773:
1709:
1625:
1599:
1453:
1377:
1340:
1235:
1214:
1187:
1136:
1092:
1032:Hornbeak, Katherine G. (1949).
893:
1290:Christmas, William J. (2001).
1224:The Life of Dr. Samuel Johnson
427:Woodhouse's next publication,
313:Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus
1:
1675:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t8qc09g1s
1221:Russell, John Fuller (1847).
1130:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t8qc09g1s
887:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t8qc09g1s
799:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t8qc09g1s
627:
529:The opening lines recall the
248:In the employ of the Montagus
224:In 1766, Woodhouse published
123:
1476:Whitford, Robert C. (1919).
1166:Montague, Elizabeth (1906).
978:Rowley Regis Parish Register
932:Huntington Library Quarterly
720:UK public library membership
608:Norbury Park and other poems
293:Norbury Park and other poems
128:James Woodhouse was born in
7:
1835:
1786:. Leadenhall Press Limited.
1761:. 6 January 1815. p. 2
1099:Shenstone, William (1764).
996:Van-Hagen, Stephen (2007).
975:Adams, Percy W. L. (1915).
900:Shenstone, William (1769).
812:Montagu, Elizabeth (1906).
737:. Phillimore & Co Ltd.
533:of Woodhouse's early days:
10:
1898:
1872:18th-century English poets
1716:Arthur Aikin, ed. (1805).
1529:"The New Monthly Magazine"
1085:Poems on Several Occasions
601:Poems on several occasions
594:Poems on several occasions
412:His collection from 1788,
286:Poems on several occasions
226:Poems on Several Occasions
137:, who lived nearby at the
1824:Woodhouse, James (1896).
1780:Woodhouse, James (1896).
1667:Poems on Sundry Occasions
1665:Woodhouse, James (1764).
1634:"Will of James Woodhouse"
1408:Woodhouse, James (1803).
1122:Poems on Sundry Occasions
1120:Woodhouse, James (1764).
1082:Woodhouse, James (1766).
879:Poems on Sundry Occasions
877:Woodhouse, James (1764).
791:Poems on sundry occasions
789:Woodhouse, James (1764).
586:Poems on sundry occasions
86:
78:
70:
62:
52:
42:
30:
23:
1882:People from Rowley Regis
1554:Keegan, Bridget (2008).
733:Chitham, Edward (2008).
512:Woodhouse's final work:
264:estate of Elizabeth and
149:Becomes a published poet
16:English poet (1735–1820)
1754:"This day is published"
1697:. 3 May 1803. p. 2
1690:"This day is published"
1242:Boswell, James (1889).
1153:2027/nyp.33433067289656
1143:Colman, George (1787).
735:Rowley Regis: A History
615:Love letters to my wife
487:Love letters to my wife
479:Love letters to my wife
301:Love letters to my wife
118:
1797:Baird, Ileana (2014).
1579:Baird, Ileana (2014).
712:10.1093/ref:odnb/29924
654:Staffordshire Worthies
568:
510:
475:
380:
352:
330:
257:
245:
218:
190:
158:
1055:The Poetical Calendar
944:10.1353/hlq.2017.0004
535:
491:
456:
443:. Also included were
384:The Lessowes. A Poem.
361:
350:
325:
255:
230:
213:
188:
167:The Poetical Calendar
156:
1498:"The Monthly Review"
433:Norbury Park: A Poem
180:Lord Dudley and Ward
1441:. Oxford: Blackwell
1431:The verse epistle,
388:Benevolence, an Ode
174:of Hagley Hall and
1867:English male poets
1641:. PROB 11/1634/135
1462:The Monthly Review
1387:The Monthly Review
1293:The Lab'ring Muses
1088:. London: Dodsley.
353:
258:
191:
159:
1877:English satirists
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1179:6 February
722:required.)
628:References
262:Sandleford
124:Early life
71:Occupation
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143:Halesowen
1836:See also
1617:14 April
1539:15 April
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418:Ridicule
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119:Life
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