81:
39:
366:, referred to as “phage-type”, which appears to be viral in origin. This does not necessarily mean that jakobids are basal to the phylogeny of eukaryotes. While jakobid mitochondria have genetic features that seem to have developed from bacteria, and apparently lack phage-type RNA, it is possible that other eukaryotic clades lost their bacterial features independently.
385:
eliminates the need for jakobids to be truly basal. One study proposed that the phage-type and bacteria-type polymerases, when present in the same mitochondrion, served different functions, much in the way that the organelles of land plants have two different RNA polymerase enzymes that transcribe different genes.
334:
surveys suggest that
Stygiellidae are abundant in anoxic marine habitats. Some are capable of surviving hypersaline and anoxic environments, though the Histionids have only been found in freshwater ecosystems, where they attach themselves to algae or zooplankton. Outside of obligate sessile species,
338:
All known jakobids are heterotrophic suspension feeders. Their primary prey is generally considered to be bacteria, though one species has been observed eating extremely small (< 1 ÎĽm) eukaryotic cells. Jakobids are generally slow swimmers, with low clearance rates relative to similar organisms.
369:
Several proposed possibilities might explain the bacterial features of jakobid mitochondrial DNA. One is that jakobids diverged very early from the rest of the eukaryotes. This hypothesis depends on whether or not jakobids are indeed basal to all living eukaryotes, but there is no evidence yet to
380:
A third possibility is the reverse of the others, suggesting that the phage-type RNA polymerase is the basal one. Under this scenario, jakobids acquired their bacteria-type RNA polymerase much more recently and that then spread via lateral gene transfer. However, the gene arrangement of jakobid
357:
Jakobid mitochondrial DNA is substantially different from most other eukaryotes, especially in terms of the number of genes (nearly 100 in some species) and bacteria-like elements within their genomes. Nine of the genes have never been found in eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA. Uniquely, jakobid
384:
One of the proposed scenarios suggests that the common ancestor of eukaryotes had two mitochondrial RNA polymerases, both phage-type and bacteria-type, and jakobids lost their phage-type polymerase while the rest of the eukaryotes lost the bacteria-type, possibly several times. Such a model
1588:
Lara, Enrique; Chatzinotas, Antonis; Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2006). "Andalucia (n. gen.)—the
Deepest Branch Within Jakobids (Jakobida; Excavata), Based on Morphological and Molecular Study of a New Flagellate from Soil".
1322:"The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa"
377:, replacing the bacteria-type enzyme, and simply did not reach the jakobids. This would not depend on jakobids being basal to eukaryotes as a whole, but has not been widely studied.
354:
of jakobids is the most bacteria-like of all known eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA, suggesting that jakobid mitochondrial genomes might approximate the ancestral mitochondrial genome.
1358:
O'Kelly, Charles J. (1993). "The
Jakobid flagellates: structural features of Jakoba, Reclinomonas, and Histonia and implications for the early diversification of eukaryotes".
1828:
Christaki, Urania; Vázquez-DomĂnguez, Evaristo; Courties, Claude; Lebaron, Phillipe (2005). "Grazing impact of different heterotrophic nanoflagellates on eukaryotic (
1301:
Cavalier-Smith T (1997). "Amoeboflagellates and
Mitochondrial Cristae in Eukaryote Evolution: Megasystematics of the New Protozoan Subkingdoms Eozoa and Neozoa".
270:
support. The posterior flagella has a dorsal vane and is aligned within the ventral groove, where it generates a current that the cell uses for food intake. The
4847:
4837:
4894:
4884:
4781:
4040:
3732:
3722:
4889:
4859:
4583:
4541:
4355:
4328:
3636:
4786:
4578:
4360:
4244:
4025:
3989:
3816:
3727:
1400:
Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Tikhonenov, Denis V.; Pombert, Jean-François; Kolisko, Martin; Tai, Vera; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2016).
1779:"Combined Culture-Based and Culture-Independent Approaches Provide Insights into Diversity of Jakobids, an Extremely Plesiomorphic Eukaryotic Lineage"
4864:
4796:
4791:
4483:
4158:
4148:
4107:
4102:
3970:
3965:
3936:
3236:
4879:
4827:
4814:
4776:
4771:
4695:
4573:
4568:
4488:
4179:
4138:
3241:
1001:
5019:
4822:
4285:
4035:
4015:
3994:
3941:
3668:
3524:
1638:
1402:"Moramonas marocensis gen. nov., sp. nov.: a jakobid flagellate isolated from desert soil with a bacteria-like, but bloated mitochondrial genome"
1012:
590:
398:
310:
170:
1739:
4639:
4563:
4133:
4128:
4020:
3876:
3774:
3769:
3099:
1219:
5032:
4700:
4690:
4259:
3806:
3529:
1878:
Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara; Brinkmann, Henner; Burger, Gertraud; Roger, Andrew J.; Gray, Michael W.; Philippe, Herve; Lang, B. Franz (2007).
1045:
810:
621:
473:
243:
of jakobids, which are unusually large and bacteria-like, evidence that jakobids may be important to the evolutionary history of eukaryotes.
4724:
4707:
4685:
4254:
1197:
904:
799:
4365:
3794:
1023:
990:
604:
480:
821:
3811:
1695:
Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Patterson, David J. (2001). "On Core
Jakobids and Excavate Taxa: The Ultrastructure of Jakoba incarcerata".
5006:
1777:
Pánek, Tomáš; Táborský, Petr; Pachiadaki, Maria G.; Hroudová, Miluše; Vlček, Čestmir; Edgcomb, Virginia P.; Čepička, Ivan (2015).
350:
Since jakobids have no current commercial use, most research into jakobids has focused on their evolutionary significance. The
330:
Jakobids are widely dispersed, having been found in soil, freshwater, and marine habitats, but generally not common. However,
1567:
1550:
Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2017). "Jakobids". In
Archibald, John M.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Slamovits, Claudio H. (eds.).
2047:
239:, consists of only twenty species at present, and was classified as a group in 1993. There is ongoing research into the
3337:
335:
many species of jakobids can attach temporarily to surfaces, using either of the two flagella or the cell body itself.
5068:
5037:
3370:
2081:
1919:
Stechmann, Alexandra; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2002). "Rooting the
Eukaryote Tree by Using a Derived Gene Fusion".
1634:"Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups""
3365:
2076:
1740:"Molecular comparison of cultivable protozoa from a pristine and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted site"
381:
mitochondrial DNA suggests an ancestral origin of bacteria-type RNA polymerase over a more-recent divergence.
3449:
3439:
3422:
2160:
2150:
2133:
1972:"Ophirina amphinema n. gen., n. sp., a New Deeply Branching Discobid with Phylogenetic Afnity to Jakobids"
373:
Another hypothesis is that the phage-type RNA polymerase moved from one eukaryote group to another via
262:
Jakobids have two flagella, inserted in the anterior end of the cell, and, like other members of order
5073:
5047:
80:
374:
4985:
3454:
2165:
2040:
17:
1970:
Yabuki, Akinori; Gyaltshen, Yangtsho; Heiss, Aaron A.; Fujikura, Katsunori; Kim, Eunsoo (2018).
4933:
3330:
1175:
235:), and can be found in aerobic and anaerobic environments. The order Jakobida, believed to be
5060:
3417:
2128:
1880:"Toward Resolving the Eukaryotic Tree: The Phylogenetic Positions of Jakobids and Cercozoans"
1738:
Lara, Enrique; Berney, Cedric; Ekelund, Flemming; Harms, Hauke; Chatzinotas, Antonis (2007).
946:
291:
54:
246:
Molecular phylogenetic evidence suggests strongly that jakobids are most closely related to
5024:
4993:
1983:
1928:
1646:
414:
298:
1462:"Strikingly Bacteria-Like and Gene-Rich Mitochondrial Genomes throughout Jakobid Protists"
8:
4729:
2943:
2727:
1987:
1932:
1650:
3434:
3412:
3400:
3375:
2953:
2145:
2123:
2111:
2086:
2033:
2006:
1971:
1952:
1805:
1778:
1720:
1708:
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1633:
1614:
1486:
1461:
1426:
1401:
1375:
1371:
189:
75:
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5055:
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3821:
3444:
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3395:
3385:
3323:
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3213:
3194:
2904:
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2155:
2118:
2106:
2096:
2011:
1944:
1901:
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1810:
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1606:
1602:
1563:
1491:
1431:
869:
351:
331:
240:
1956:
1724:
1618:
1379:
282:, again located anteriorly, and different genera have flattened, tubular, or absent
4712:
4657:
4064:
3576:
3359:
3259:
3205:
2959:
2405:
2070:
2001:
1991:
1936:
1891:
1849:
1800:
1790:
1754:
1704:
1664:
1654:
1632:
Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AG, Roger AJ (February 2009).
1598:
1555:
1481:
1473:
1421:
1413:
1367:
1333:
417:
302:
2891:
1758:
4869:
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4059:
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3132:
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213:
1559:
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4854:
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3784:
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3689:
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3228:
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3182:
3157:
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2538:
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1996:
363:
359:
1896:
1879:
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4662:
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4338:
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1795:
432:
279:
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1940:
1659:
4734:
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3534:
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3124:
3104:
3044:
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2826:
2793:
2568:
2346:
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2015:
1948:
1905:
1861:
1814:
1716:
1678:
1610:
1495:
1435:
1164:
893:
858:
693:
546:
526:
406:
402:
393:
Jakobida contains five families consisting of mostly free-swimming genera:
271:
267:
236:
165:
160:
60:
1338:
1321:
951:(Bernard, Simpson & Patterson 2000) Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015
4965:
4750:
4617:
4412:
4350:
4229:
3926:
3909:
3865:
3856:
3514:
3188:
3114:
2966:
2930:
2910:
2858:
2832:
2722:
2670:
2643:
2625:
2598:
2365:
2234:
2223:
1827:
1477:
1460:
Burger, Gertraud; Gray, Michael W.; Forget, Lise; Lang, B. Franz (2013).
1113:
679:
410:
322:
under the dorsal membrane that are theorized to be defensive structures.
305:
217:
180:
1417:
5011:
4680:
4345:
3918:
3846:
3801:
3610:
3269:
3093:
3084:
3069:
2937:
2874:
2733:
2694:
2689:
2575:
2492:
2387:
2299:
847:
428:
319:
251:
221:
1877:
4980:
4627:
4604:
4551:
4511:
4318:
4205:
4198:
4084:
4052:
3757:
3519:
3168:
3109:
2817:
2782:
2740:
2717:
2699:
2586:
2522:
2397:
2274:
2217:
2204:
2056:
1069:
935:
659:
553:
533:
424:
394:
315:
275:
224:
175:
92:
4927:
4950:
4558:
4438:
4398:
4047:
3752:
3559:
3501:
3429:
3346:
3175:
3137:
3038:
3015:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2479:
2354:
2229:
2212:
2190:
2140:
1281:
1124:
788:
710:
290:
are mostly located on the cell posterior, and in most jakobids the
287:
263:
228:
66:
4998:
3492:
3471:
3291:
3026:
2863:
2709:
2616:
2605:
2469:
2375:
2331:
2239:
1399:
1326:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
777:
118:
105:
2884:
2681:
2411:
2313:
2255:
1776:
1080:
666:
283:
48:
342:
No study has suggested jakobids might be pathogenic or toxic.
3251:
1969:
232:
3315:
2508:
38:
274:
is generally in the anterior part of the cell and bears a
420:
genera, and includes the first jakobids ever described.
1918:
1737:
1587:
1459:
46:Four jakobid species, showing groove and flagella:
1631:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1313:
1294:
940:Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015 non Bruand 1853
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
362:, as opposed to typical eukaryotic mitochondrial
5088:
3626:
1873:
1871:
1694:
3204:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
266:, have a ventral feeding groove and associated
3567:
1502:
1319:
1300:
4474:
4429:
3331:
2041:
1868:
1690:
1688:
358:mitochondrial genomes code for bacteria-type
4529:
4420:
2055:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1386:
4520:
4467:
2920:
1625:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1349:
427:group, and are most closely related to the
3864:
3338:
3324:
2048:
2034:
1685:
1583:
1581:
1579:
37:
2298:
2005:
1995:
1895:
1804:
1794:
1765:
1668:
1658:
1485:
1442:
1425:
1337:
4602:
2203:
1731:
1346:
3558:
3500:
2188:
1576:
1549:
14:
5089:
3491:
3306:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
4932:
4931:
3319:
2029:
1554:. Springer, Cham. pp. 973–1003.
1189:(Penard 1921) Flavin & Nerad 1993
5048:99fa197d-c057-4cdc-92f0-fa2fb6e1bdfd
345:
294:is distributed throughout the cell.
231:. They are small (less than 15
24:
1832:) and prokaryotic picoautotrophs (
1709:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00183.x
1697:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
1591:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
1372:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb06120.x
1360:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
978:Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015
969:Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015
960:Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015
927:Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015
918:Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015
909:Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015
898:Pánek, Táborský & Čepička 2015
25:
5108:
1854:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00800.x
1603:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00081.x
79:
1963:
1912:
1821:
308:and occasionally free-swimming
278:. Most known jakobids have one
2785:
2781:
2541:
2537:
257:
13:
1:
1759:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.06.017
1747:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
1639:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
1287:
3345:
1466:Genome Biology and Evolution
1103:(Ruinen 1938) Patterson 1990
1094:Burger & Lang (indeitum)
1059:Marx et al. 2003 nomen nudum
1050:Marx et al. 2003 nomen nudum
133:Cavalier-Smith 1997 em. 2003
7:
1560:10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_6
1275:
388:
10:
5113:
1997:10.1038/s41598-018-34504-6
1842:Environmental Microbiology
413:, is largely populated by
325:
4940:
4807:
4758:
4749:
4673:
4648:
4635:
4626:
4613:
4598:
4509:
4460:
4411:
4407:
4396:
4306:
4275:
4222:
4215:
4190:
4169:
4118:
4092:
4083:
4005:
3979:
3961:
3952:
3917:
3908:
3855:
3844:
3743:
3707:
3700:
3679:
3658:
3651:
3619:
3608:
3597:
3551:
3484:
3480:
3469:
3353:
3282:
3250:
3227:
3154:
3123:
3083:
3054:
3034:
3025:
3013:
3009:
2854:
2845:
2816:
2801:
2792:
2779:
2775:
2708:
2680:
2665:
2656:
2615:
2594:
2585:
2548:
2535:
2531:
2518:
2505:
2501:
2478:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2396:
2383:
2374:
2341:
2328:
2294:
2283:
2265:
2252:
2199:
2184:
2180:
2064:
1897:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.036
1783:Frontiers in Microbiology
1320:Cavalier-Smith T (2003).
1303:Archiv fĂĽr Protistenkunde
1156:(Voigt 1901) Pascher 1943
707:
690:
683:
663:
653:
618:
601:
594:
584:
577:
550:
530:
520:
512:
477:
467:
459:
452:
370:support that suggestion.
195:
188:
157:
152:
76:Scientific classification
74:
45:
36:
31:
2511:
2507:
1796:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01288
1552:Handbook of the Protists
1941:10.1126/science.1071196
1660:10.1073/pnas.0807880106
1180:Flavin & Nerad 1993
1169:Flavin & Nerad 1993
1118:Flavin & Nerad 1993
441:Cladogram of Jakobida
61:Reclinomonas americana
1339:10.1099/ijs.0.02548-0
1037:Strassert et al. 2016
1028:Strassert et al. 2016
1017:Strassert et al. 2016
375:lateral gene transfer
292:endoplasmic reticulum
241:mitochondrial genomes
55:Stygiella incarcerata
4848:Spirotrichonymphidae
4844:Spirotrichonymphida
1230:S. infundibuliformis
409:. The sixth family,
4838:Hypotrichomonadidae
4834:Hypotrichomonadida
3183:Gunflint microbiota
2944:Klebsormidiophyceae
2728:Hyphochytriomycetes
1988:2018NatSR...816219Y
1933:2002Sci...297...89S
1651:2009PNAS..106.3859H
1418:10.1098/rsob.150239
995:Cavalier-Smith 1993
863:Cavalier-Smith 2013
852:Cavalier-Smith 2013
793:Cavalier-Smith 1993
782:Cavalier-Smith 1999
200:Cavalier-Smith 1993
147:Cavalier-Smith 1993
64:(dorsal view), and
4895:Tritrichomonadidae
4885:Monocercomonadidae
4876:Tritrichomonadida
4782:Spirotrichosomidae
4041:Trypanoplasmatidae
4006:Metakinetoplastina
3986:Prokinetoplastida
3733:Psalteriomonadidae
3723:Paravahlkampfiidae
2954:Coleochaetophyceae
2334:
2330:
2258:
2254:
1976:Scientific Reports
1830:Ostreococcus tauri
1478:10.1093/gbe/evt008
835:Yabuki et al. 2018
826:Yabuki et al. 2018
815:Yabuki et al. 2018
804:Yabuki et al. 2018
227:in the supergroup
5084:
5083:
5056:Open Tree of Life
4934:Taxon identifiers
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4890:Simplicimonadidae
4860:Honigbergiellidae
4745:
4744:
4663:Carpediemonadidae
4594:
4593:
4584:Streblomastigidae
4542:Paratrimastigidae
4538:Paratrimastigida
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4356:Euglenamorphaceae
4329:Euglenomonadaceae
4325:Euglenomonadales
4079:
4078:
4075:
4074:
3980:Prokinetoplastina
3904:
3903:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3822:Stephanopogonidae
3690:Neovahlkampfiidae
3686:Neovahlkampfiida
3647:
3646:
3637:Pharyngomonadidae
3633:Pharyngomonadida
3627:Pharyngomonadidea
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3313:
3312:
3278:
3277:
3214:Spironematellidae
3195:Meteora sporadica
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3079:
3078:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2905:Prasinodermophyta
2841:
2840:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2652:
2651:
2488:Centroplasthelida
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2324:
2323:
2248:
2247:
1890:(16): 1420–1425.
1569:978-3-319-28147-6
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1212:
1203:
1190:
1181:
1170:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1119:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1075:
1060:
1051:
1038:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
979:
970:
961:
952:
941:
928:
919:
910:
899:
884:
875:
864:
853:
836:
827:
816:
805:
794:
783:
772:
771:
767:
766:
758:
757:
749:
748:
740:
739:
731:
730:
722:
721:
642:
641:
633:
632:
565:
564:
501:
500:
492:
491:
352:mitochondrial DNA
346:Mitochondrial DNA
332:environmental DNA
250:(Percolozoa) and
207:
206:
148:
134:
16:(Redirected from
5104:
5077:
5076:
5064:
5063:
5051:
5050:
5041:
5040:
5028:
5027:
5015:
5014:
5002:
5001:
4989:
4988:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4929:
4928:
4787:Staurojoeninidae
4756:
4755:
4735:Retortamonadidae
4658:Carpediemonadida
4633:
4632:
4611:
4610:
4600:
4599:
4579:Saccinobaculidae
4527:
4526:
4518:
4517:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4427:
4426:
4418:
4417:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4361:Euglenocapsaceae
4245:Heteronemataceae
4241:Heteronematales
4220:
4219:
4090:
4089:
4065:Trypanosomatidae
4026:Rhynchomonadidae
3990:Ichthyobodonidae
3959:
3958:
3915:
3914:
3862:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3817:Percolomonadidae
3728:Plaesiobystridae
3705:
3704:
3656:
3655:
3624:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3606:
3605:
3577:Tsukubamonadidae
3565:
3564:
3556:
3555:
3498:
3497:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3382:
3362:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3260:Collodictyonidae
3206:Hemimastigophora
3202:
3201:
3161:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3011:
3010:
2960:Zygnematophyceae
2918:
2917:
2898:
2882:
2881:
2852:
2851:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2663:
2662:
2592:
2591:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2476:
2475:
2463:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2406:Choanoflagellata
2381:
2380:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2093:
2073:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1982:(16219): 16219.
1967:
1961:
1960:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1848:(8): 1200–1210.
1825:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1774:
1763:
1762:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1585:
1574:
1573:
1547:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1457:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1210:
1201:
1188:
1179:
1168:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1117:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1073:
1058:
1056:S. ecuadoriensis
1049:
1036:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
977:
968:
959:
950:
939:
926:
917:
908:
897:
883:Lara et al. 2006
882:
874:Lara et al. 2006
873:
862:
851:
834:
825:
814:
803:
792:
781:
686:
685:
656:
655:
597:
596:
587:
586:
580:
579:
523:
522:
515:
514:
470:
469:
462:
461:
455:
454:
448:
447:
438:
437:
216:of free-living,
201:
146:
132:
84:
83:
67:Histiona aroides
58:(ventral view),
52:(ventral view),
41:
29:
28:
21:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5072:
5067:
5059:
5054:
5046:
5044:
5036:
5031:
5023:
5018:
5010:
5005:
4997:
4992:
4984:
4979:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4936:
4926:
4901:
4870:Trichomonadidae
4865:Tricercomitidae
4819:Cristamonadida
4803:
4797:Trichonymphidae
4792:Teratonymphidae
4741:
4730:Chilomastigidae
4720:Retortamonadida
4669:
4650:Carpediemonadea
4644:
4622:
4607:
4590:
4514:
4493:
4484:Ancyromonadidae
4448:
4444:Malawimonadidae
4401:
4372:
4302:
4271:
4211:
4186:
4165:
4159:Sphenomonadidae
4149:Sphenomonadidae
4114:
4108:Sphenomonadidae
4103:Petalomonadidae
4099:Petalomonadida
4071:
4060:Trypanosomatida
4001:
3975:
3971:Trypanophididae
3966:Bordnamonadidae
3948:
3937:Eupelagonemidae
3900:
3849:
3828:
3802:Percolomonadida
3739:
3696:
3680:Neovahlkampfiea
3675:
3643:
3613:
3602:
3581:
3569:Tsukubamonadida
3539:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3380:
3358:
3349:
3344:
3314:
3309:
3274:
3246:
3237:Ancyromonadidae
3223:
3200:
3155:
3142:
3133:Malawimonadidae
3119:
3075:
3050:
3014:
2973:
2916:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2837:
2812:
2780:
2751:
2704:
2676:
2648:
2611:
2581:
2536:
2527:
2506:
2497:
2474:
2459:
2418:
2392:
2370:
2329:
2320:
2284:
2279:
2253:
2244:
2189:
2176:
2175:
2091:
2069:
2060:
2054:
2024:
2023:
1968:
1964:
1927:(5578): 89–91.
1917:
1913:
1884:Current Biology
1876:
1869:
1834:Prochlorococcus
1826:
1822:
1775:
1766:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1693:
1686:
1645:(10): 3859–64.
1630:
1626:
1586:
1577:
1570:
1548:
1503:
1458:
1443:
1398:
1387:
1356:
1347:
1318:
1314:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1278:
1138:Scourfield 1937
768:
759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
643:
634:
566:
502:
493:
423:Jakobids are a
391:
348:
328:
260:
199:
145:
131:
78:
70:(ventral view)
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5110:
5100:
5099:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5065:
5052:
5042:
5029:
5016:
5003:
4990:
4977:
4962:
4946:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4880:Dientamoebidae
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4855:Trichomonadida
4852:
4851:
4850:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4828:Devescovinidae
4825:
4817:
4815:Hexamastigidae
4811:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4777:Hoplonymphidae
4774:
4772:Burmanymphidae
4766:Trichonymphida
4762:
4760:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4725:Caviomonadidae
4717:
4716:
4715:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4696:Spironucleidae
4693:
4688:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4618:Anaeramoebidae
4614:
4608:
4603:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Pyrsonymphidae
4571:
4569:Polymastigidae
4566:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4535:
4533:
4524:
4515:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4489:Planomonadidae
4486:
4480:
4478:
4476:Ancyromonadida
4469:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4435:
4433:
4431:Malawimonadida
4424:
4415:
4402:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4312:
4310:
4308:Euglenophyceae
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4296:Peranemataceae
4290:
4289:
4288:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4265:Neometanemidae
4262:
4257:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4226:
4224:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4180:Entosiphonidae
4176:Entosiphonida
4173:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4145:Heterostavida
4143:
4142:
4141:
4139:Lentomonadidae
4136:
4131:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4096:
4094:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3923:
3921:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3785:Vahlkampfiidae
3779:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3711:
3709:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3662:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3630:
3628:
3621:
3620:Pharyngomonada
3614:
3609:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:Mesomycetozoea
3452:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3391:Diaphoretickes
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3301:
3294:
3290:excluded from
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3242:Planomonadidae
3239:
3233:
3231:
3229:Ancyromonadida
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3219:Paramastigidae
3216:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3158:Incertae sedis
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3020:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2847:Archaeplastida
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2787:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2638:Dinoflagellata
2634:
2632:Chrompodellida
2629:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2461:Diaphoretickes
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2336:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2194:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:Mesomycetozoea
2163:
2158:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2102:Diaphoretickes
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:classification
2053:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2021:
1962:
1911:
1867:
1820:
1764:
1753:(1): 139–148.
1730:
1703:(4): 480–492.
1684:
1624:
1597:(2): 112–120.
1575:
1568:
1501:
1472:(2): 418–438.
1441:
1385:
1366:(5): 627–636.
1345:
1312:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:S. epiplankton
1253:
1244:
1235:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1135:H. planctonica
1133:Species ?
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1091:J. bahamiensis
1085:Patterson 1990
1074:Patterson 1990
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1008:
1002:Jakoba echidna
999:Species ?
986:
985:
984:
983:
982:
981:
980:
971:
962:
953:
947:S. incarcerata
931:
930:
929:
924:V. trypanoides
920:
889:
888:
887:
886:
885:
843:
842:
841:
840:
839:
838:
837:
770:
769:
765:
764:
761:
760:
756:
755:
752:
751:
747:
746:
743:
742:
738:
737:
734:
733:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
716:
715:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
689:
684:
682:
676:
675:
672:
671:
662:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:
644:
640:
639:
636:
635:
631:
630:
627:
626:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
600:
595:
593:
585:
583:
578:
576:
572:
571:
568:
567:
563:
562:
559:
558:
549:
543:
542:
539:
538:
529:
521:
519:
513:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
499:
498:
495:
494:
490:
489:
486:
485:
476:
468:
466:
460:
458:
453:
451:
446:
443:
442:
390:
387:
364:RNA polymerase
360:RNA polymerase
347:
344:
327:
324:
259:
256:
205:
204:
203:
202:
193:
192:
186:
185:
184:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
155:
154:
150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
126:
122:
121:
116:
109:
108:
103:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
72:
71:
43:
42:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5109:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:Calonymphidae
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:Trichomonadea
4806:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:Trichonymphea
4757:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4681:Diplomonadida
4679:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4601:
4597:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4552:Trimastigidae
4550:
4549:
4548:Trimastigida
4547:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4531:Anaeromonadea
4528:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Malawimonadea
4419:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4395:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4339:Eutreptiaceae
4337:
4336:
4335:Eutreptiales
4334:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:Peranematida
4291:
4287:
4286:Teloproctidae
4284:
4283:
4282:Acroglissida
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:Natomonadida
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:Petalomonadea
4091:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:Parabodonidae
4034:
4033:
4032:Parabodonida
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Allobodonidae
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3995:Perkinselidae
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Kinetoplastea
3951:
3943:
3942:Hemistasiidae
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3895:
3894:Postgaardidae
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3843:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3745:Heterolobosea
3742:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Gruberellidae
3716:
3715:
3714:Lyromonadida
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3670:
3669:Selenaionidae
3667:
3666:
3665:Selenaionida
3664:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3600:Discicristata
3596:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:Tsukubamonada
3550:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:Moramonadidae
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Stramenopiles
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3381:(major groups
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3286:Âątraditional
3285:
3284:
3281:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3265:Mantamonadida
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:Heterolobosea
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3056:Discicristata
3053:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2887:
2886:Viridiplantae
2883:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2807:Microheliella
2804:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2748:
2747:Actinophryida
2745:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Stramenopiles
2655:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:Ichthyosporea
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:Rotosphaerida
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Apusomonadida
2268:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:Stramenopiles
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:(major groups
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:Synechococcus
1835:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1789:: art. 1288.
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:(2): 150239.
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1340:
1335:
1332:: 1741–1758.
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1208:S epiplankton
1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1034:M. marocensis
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:Moramonadidae
1009:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
993:
992:
987:
976:
972:
967:
963:
958:
954:
949:
948:
943:
942:
938:
937:
932:
925:
921:
916:
912:
911:
907:
906:
901:
900:
896:
895:
890:
881:
877:
876:
872:
871:
866:
865:
861:
860:
855:
854:
850:
849:
844:
833:
829:
828:
824:
823:
818:
817:
813:
812:
807:
806:
802:
801:
796:
795:
791:
790:
785:
784:
780:
779:
774:
773:
763:
762:
754:
753:
745:
744:
736:
735:
727:
726:
718:
717:
714:
713:
712:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
695:
688:
687:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
668:
661:
658:
657:
651:
650:
647:
646:
638:
637:
629:
628:
625:
624:
623:
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
606:
599:
598:
592:
591:Moramonadidae
589:
588:
582:
581:
574:
573:
570:
569:
561:
560:
557:
556:
555:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
535:
528:
525:
524:
517:
516:
510:
509:
506:
505:
497:
496:
488:
487:
484:
483:
482:
475:
472:
471:
464:
463:
457:
456:
450:
449:
445:
444:
440:
439:
436:
434:
433:Heterolobosea
430:
426:
421:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:Moramonadidae
396:
386:
382:
378:
376:
371:
367:
365:
361:
355:
353:
343:
340:
336:
333:
323:
321:
317:
313:
312:
311:Jakoba libera
307:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:mitochondrion
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
253:
249:
248:Heterolobosea
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
219:
218:heterotrophic
215:
211:
197:
196:
194:
191:
187:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
171:Moramonadidae
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
156:
151:
144:
141:
138:
137:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
82:
77:
73:
69:
68:
63:
62:
57:
56:
51:
50:
49:Jakoba libera
44:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
4941:
4640:Kipferliidae
4564:Oxymonadidae
4522:Anaeromonada
4468:Planomonadea
4235:Anisonemidae
4204:
4197:
4170:Entosiphonea
4134:Keelungiidae
4129:Decastavidae
4125:Decastavida
4021:Neobodonidae
4012:Neobodonida
3932:Diplonemidae
3889:Calkinsiidae
3884:Postgaardida
3877:Bihospitidae
3873:Bihospitida
3781:Tetramitida
3775:Naegleriidae
3770:Tulamoebidae
3701:Eutetramitia
3535:Stygiellidae
3510:Andaluciidae
3440:Opisthokonta
3303:
3298:paraphyletic
3193:
3174:
3156:
3125:Malawimonada
3105:Anaeromonada
3100:Anaeramoebae
3092:
3068:
3045:Tsukubamonas
3043:
2965:
2958:
2949:Charophyceae
2936:
2929:
2922:Streptophyta
2909:
2893:
2873:
2869:Rhodelphidia
2827:Palpitomonas
2825:
2805:
2794:Pancryptista
2739:
2732:
2669:
2636:
2624:
2604:
2574:
2569:Foraminifera
2567:
2410:
2353:
2347:Tunicaraptor
2345:
2312:
2286:Opisthokonta
2222:
2151:Opisthokonta
1979:
1975:
1965:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1887:
1883:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1786:
1782:
1750:
1746:
1733:
1700:
1696:
1642:
1637:
1627:
1594:
1590:
1551:
1469:
1465:
1409:
1406:Open Biology
1405:
1363:
1359:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1260:Pascher 1942
1256:
1251:Pascher 1942
1247:
1242:Pascher 1942
1238:
1233:Pascher 1942
1229:
1224:Pascher 1942
1220:Stomatochone
1218:
1211:Pascher 1942
1207:
1202:Pascher 1942
1196:
1186:R. campanula
1185:
1176:R. americana
1174:
1165:Reclinomonas
1163:
1152:
1147:Pascher 1943
1143:
1134:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1090:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1044:
1033:
1022:
1010:
1006:O'Kelly 1991
1000:
988:
975:S. adhaerens
974:
965:
956:
945:
934:
923:
914:
903:
894:Stygiellidae
891:
879:
868:
859:Andaluciidae
856:
845:
832:O. amphinema
831:
820:
808:
797:
786:
775:
709:
708:
694:Reclinomonas
692:
691:
665:
664:
620:
619:
603:
602:
552:
551:
547:Stygiellidae
532:
531:
527:Andaluciidae
479:
478:
425:monophyletic
422:
407:Stygiellidae
403:Andaluciidae
392:
383:
379:
372:
368:
356:
349:
341:
337:
329:
309:
296:
268:cytoskeleton
261:
245:
237:monophyletic
209:
208:
166:Stygiellidae
161:Andaluciidae
142:
128:
112:
99:
65:
59:
53:
47:
26:
4966:Wikispecies
4751:Parabasalia
4713:Dysnectidae
4701:Hexamitidae
4691:Octomitidae
4674:Eopharyngia
4559:Oxymonadida
4461:Planomonada
4351:Euglenaceae
4260:Distigmidae
4230:Anisonemida
4155:Ploeotiida
3927:Diplonemida
3910:Glycomonada
3866:Postgaardea
3857:Postgaardia
3807:Barbeliidae
3765:Naegleriida
3708:Lyromonadea
3530:Ophirinidae
3515:Histionidae
3189:Chitinozoan
3115:Parabasalia
2967:Embryophyta
2931:Chlorokybus
2911:Chlorophyta
2859:Glaucophyta
2833:Cryptophyta
2723:Pirsoniales
2690:Bicosoecida
2671:Platysulcus
2644:Perkinsozoa
2626:Apicomplexa
2599:Colponemida
2366:Pluriformea
2235:Archamoebea
2224:Eumycetozoa
1248:S. excavata
1239:S. cochlear
1153:H. velifera
1114:Histionidae
1046:Seculamonas
966:S. cryptica
811:Ophirinidae
680:Histionidae
622:Seculamonas
575:Histionina
518:Andalucina
474:Ophirinidae
465:Ophirinina
411:Histionidae
306:Histionidae
258:Description
181:Histionidae
4708:Dysnectida
4686:Giardiidae
4512:Metamonada
4346:Euglenales
4255:Astasiidae
4223:Anisonemea
3919:Diplonemea
3847:Euglenozoa
3652:Tetramitia
3611:Percolozoa
3270:Rigifilida
3169:Acritarchs
3094:Barthelona
3085:Metamonada
3070:Euglenozoa
2938:Mesostigma
2894:sensu lato
2875:Rhodophyta
2734:Ochrophyta
2695:Placidozoa
2606:Ciliophora
2576:Radiolaria
2493:Haptophyta
2388:Filasterea
2300:Holomycota
1309:: 237–258.
1288:References
1198:Stenocodon
1144:H. aroides
1129:Voigt 1902
905:Velundella
848:Andalucina
800:Ophirinina
429:Euglenozoa
320:extrusomes
252:Euglenozoa
225:eukaryotes
198:Jacobidea
4981:AlgaeBase
4628:Fornicata
4605:Trichozoa
4366:Phacaceae
4319:Rapazidae
4315:Rapazida
4276:Peranemea
4216:Spirocuta
4085:Euglenida
4053:Bodonidae
3795:Creneidae
3791:Creneida
3758:Acrasidae
3520:Jakobidae
3435:Amoebozoa
3413:Alveolata
3401:Cryptista
3376:Eukaryota
3110:Fornicata
3016:Excavates
2818:Cryptista
2741:Oomycetes
2718:Developea
2700:Sagenista
2587:Alveolata
2523:Telonemia
2398:Choanozoa
2275:Breviatea
2218:Tubulinea
2205:Amoebozoa
2146:Amoebozoa
2124:Alveolata
2112:Cryptista
2087:Eukaryota
2057:Eukaryote
1100:J. libera
1070:Jakobidae
1024:Moramonas
991:Histonina
989:Suborder
957:S. agilis
936:Stygiella
880:A. godoyi
870:Andalucia
846:Suborder
798:Suborder
660:Jakobidae
605:Moramonas
554:Stygiella
534:Andalucia
481:Ophirinia
395:Jakobidae
316:Jakobidae
276:nucleolus
222:flagellar
176:Jakobidae
153:Families
93:Eukaryota
5097:Jakobids
5091:Category
4999:13073740
4957:Q1135350
4951:Wikidata
4439:Imasidae
4413:Neolouka
4399:Loukozoa
4199:Hemiolia
4119:Alistosa
4048:Bodonida
3753:Acrasida
3560:Tsukubea
3502:Jakobida
3485:Jakobida
3430:Amorphea
3408:Rhizaria
3396:Hacrobia
3386:Excavata
3371:Bacteria
3347:Excavata
3292:protists
3288:kingdoms
3176:Grypania
3138:Imasidae
3039:Jakobida
2563:Endomyxa
2558:Cercozoa
2550:Rhizaria
2480:Haptista
2412:Animalia
2355:Bicellum
2230:Variosea
2213:Discosea
2191:Amorphea
2141:Amorphea
2119:Rhizaria
2107:Hacrobia
2097:Excavata
2082:Bacteria
2016:30385814
1957:21064445
1949:12098695
1906:17689961
1862:16011757
1815:26635756
1725:24042909
1717:11456326
1679:19237557
1619:19092265
1611:16579813
1496:23335123
1436:26887409
1380:85938682
1282:Loukozoa
1276:See also
1255:Species
1246:Species
1237:Species
1228:Species
1206:Species
1184:Species
1173:Species
1151:Species
1142:Species
1125:Histiona
1098:Species
1089:Species
1054:Species
1032:Species
973:Species
964:Species
955:Species
944:Species
922:Species
915:V. nauta
913:Species
878:Species
830:Species
822:Ophirina
789:Jakobida
711:Histiona
418:loricate
389:Taxonomy
303:loricate
288:vacuoles
264:Excavata
229:Excavata
210:Jakobids
190:Synonyms
143:Jakobida
89:Domain:
32:Jakobid
5061:1051908
5012:7579938
4972:Jakobea
4942:Jakobea
4206:Liburna
4191:Karavia
3812:Lulidae
3659:Lunosea
3493:Jakobea
3472:Discoba
3445:Animals
3366:Archaea
3027:Discoba
2892:Plants
2864:Picozoa
2710:Gyrista
2617:Myzozoa
2470:Provora
2376:Filozoa
2332:Holozoa
2240:Cutosea
2156:Animals
2077:Archaea
2007:6212452
1984:Bibcode
1929:Bibcode
1921:Science
1806:4649034
1670:2656170
1647:Bibcode
1487:3590771
1427:4772810
1112:Family
1068:Family
1011:Family
892:Family
857:Family
809:Family
778:Jakobea
415:sessile
326:Ecology
318:) have
299:sessile
286:. Food
284:cristae
272:nucleus
212:are an
139:Order:
129:Jakobea
125:Class:
119:Discoba
106:Diphoda
18:Jakobea
5074:582179
5045:NZOR:
5038:556282
3423:Plants
3360:Domain
3300:groups
2682:Bigyra
2256:Obazoa
2134:Plants
2071:Domain
2014:
2004:
1955:
1947:
1904:
1860:
1813:
1803:
1723:
1715:
1677:
1667:
1617:
1609:
1566:
1494:
1484:
1434:
1424:
1378:
1217:Genus
1195:Genus
1162:Genus
1122:Genus
1081:Jakoba
1078:Genus
1043:Genus
1021:Genus
933:Genus
902:Genus
867:Genus
819:Genus
787:Order
776:Class
667:Jakoba
405:, and
5069:WoRMS
5020:IRMNG
4986:99556
3450:Fungi
3252:CRuMs
2314:Fungi
2161:Fungi
1953:S2CID
1743:(PDF)
1721:S2CID
1615:S2CID
1376:S2CID
214:order
113:Clade
100:Clade
5033:NCBI
5025:1042
5007:GBIF
3304:bold
2509:TSAR
2012:PMID
1945:PMID
1902:PMID
1858:PMID
1840:)".
1836:and
1811:PMID
1713:PMID
1675:PMID
1607:PMID
1564:ISBN
1492:PMID
1432:PMID
431:and
297:The
4994:EoL
2783:CAM
2539:SAR
2002:PMC
1992:doi
1937:doi
1925:297
1892:doi
1850:doi
1801:PMC
1791:doi
1755:doi
1705:doi
1665:PMC
1655:doi
1643:106
1599:doi
1556:doi
1482:PMC
1474:doi
1422:PMC
1414:doi
1368:doi
1334:doi
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