591:, and multiple nodes may be involved in each tier. Each type of node has a different name and all are capable of manipulating objects and executing business logic. A collection of nodes can be deployed across one or several machines. Database servers handle data storage and can also execute business logic, while application servers handle processing. In a three-tier model, presentation clients provide the user interface. JADE also provides a two-tier client that combines the abilities of an application server and presentation client. Traditionally, these three tiers would be created by combining three programs and having them communicate to form one system. Having the different programs separate like this has many advantages, the main one is that the system becomes scalable, that is, raising the power of the system involves simply adding more nodes.
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happening on one computer. When the program runs on three tiers, JADE automatically knows to run all the code by default on the application server, and to send database requests up to the database server and user interface information down to the presentation client. However, it is very easy for the programmer to switch the location at which a particular method is run and move it to a different tier by changing the method signature. Because of this, the decision on where a particular piece of code should run can be made late in the development cycle, and refactoring code to run on different parts of the system ends up being a lot easier because of the way JADE allows end-to-end development of software.
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be a very powerful computer, and it does not require a fast network connection as it is not loading data from the database – JADE thin clients are often run over a dial-up connection. This is the reason they are called thin clients, as there is not a heavy requirement on computational power to run these clients.
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Designing a system like this gives the programmer a decision to consider every time they want to code in a particular function. They need to decide whether the function would run best on the database server, application server or presentation client before they begin coding as it will be difficult to
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The Smart Thin Client works by connecting to an
Application Server which generally does all the processing on behalf of the Smart Thin Client, meaning the thin client only needs to be responsible for displaying forms and taking input. This means the computer running the thin client does not have to
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The
Standard Client is just the Smart Thin Client combined with the Application Server on one machine. In this case, the node running the client does all of the processing as well as the presentation. Standard clients have greater demands on computational power than thin clients, as they must load
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All the code for a JADE application is stored in its object-oriented database. This allows for multi-user development as the database maintains concurrency control, and with each piece of the code being a separate object in the database, it is often possible to recode a system while it is live and
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are used to allow different programs to communicate with each other from remote locations in an object-oriented form. Web services cannot be accessed directly by human users. One of the uses of Web services with JADE is to allow other technologies such as .NET or Java to use JADE as the backend
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This is different for JADE applications, as they are coded as one application from end-to-end. When creating a JADE application, the programmer can think as if they were creating a program that will be running on the database server – as if all the data storage, processing and presentation were
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In addition to Web services, JADE is also capable of interfacing with other programs through language APIs (including .NET, Java, C/C++), DLL calls, ActiveX/COM objects and .NET assemblies. This allows other programs to access objects and execute methods, and can be used to provide a different
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to the programmer as if all the objects in the entire database were in local memory. Most of the time, JADE's object-oriented database is used in a multi-user system, and so JADE makes it appear to the programmer as if all the objects in the database were stored in shared memory that all users
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and define their properties and methods. Instead of locating methods in large files, programmers select the method they would like to edit and only the code for that particular method is displayed. Also instead of compiling all the code of a program at once, in JADE, each method is compiled
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JADE automatically works in the background to store and retrieve the object in the database when necessary. Persistent objects can be distributed across multiple co-operating servers, with JADE automatically handling object caching and cache coherency.
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JADE supports deployment of applications to the web through its HTML documents feature. These work very similarly to ASP.NET, where developers create templates of HTML pages and leave parts in the template for the program to fill in.
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The main goal of JADE was to create a seamlessly integrated programming language that would allow developers to create one application that would go from end-to-end instead of having to write three separate applications for the
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methodology with applications being split into three tiers – data storage, processing and presentation. In the data storage and processing tiers, JADE systems are a collection of co-operating servers, called
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is similar to creating objects in other object-oriented programming languages – the object is simply created in memory, and then lost when the program ends. On the other hand, when an object is created as
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interface to a JADE application. JADE 6.2 provided a Java API, .NET Assembly integration and the ability to run Smart Thin
Clients on Windows Mobile devices. JADE 6.3 provides an API for .NET languages.
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Currently JADE applications can only be run on
Windows, Linux support has been dropped. JADE 6.2 allows Smart Thin Clients and a specialised Standard Client to run on Windows Mobile devices.
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When JADE applications use HTML documents, they are no longer using the same technology from end to end. Checking at the front end of the system may be done through JavaScript for example.
435:, which was derived from Pascal. While it includes innovations lacking in Pascal or Modula-2, it lacks certain features of other modern object-oriented languages such as C# and Java.
674:, without any modifications to the code. This is a very quick way for programmers that are not competent with HTML and other web technologies to deliver a program through the web.
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purposes JADE since 2010 has provided a "Relational
Population Service" that enables automatically replicating objects from its native object-orientated database to one or more
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Witten, Ian H.; Birtwistle, Graham M.; Cleary, John; Hill, David R.; Levinson, Danny; Lomow, Greg; Neal, Radford; Peterson, Murray; Unger, Brian W.; Wyvill, Brian (July 1983).
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With all of the program code centralised on the database server as well the data, all client nodes can be programmed as if they were running on the database server.
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JADE Forms have an interesting twist to them though. It is actually possible to run a JADE Forms application through a web browser by changing its mode to
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In the same schema, a JADE developer can create many completely separate applications which may provide different interfaces to access the same database.
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methodology, as model classes can be put in one schema, then the controller and view classes can be built on top of the model classes in a subschema.
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Many versions of the same form can be created to suit each language. This means interfaces can look entirely different from one language to the next.
555:-compliant, and has all of the standard features such as atomic transactions, locking, rollback, crash recovery and the ability to keep one or more
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is a native part of its language. For example, when creating an object in JADE, it can be created as transient or persistent. Creating an object as
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Programmers have the facility to allow three different kinds of clients to connect to a JADE system. These three types of clients are named:
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in .NET, but have a hierarchy, and inherit classes from superschemas. This becomes useful especially when programming using the
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Although a free limited licence is available for development, using the JADE platform requires per-process fees to be paid.
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This article is about the end-to-end development environment. For the Java middleware, see
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individually as soon as the method is completed, meaning code can be checked immediately.
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Offloading some of the processing to front-end clients is no longer as easy or secure.
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of the system and so they can implement their own language-dependent features.
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online as long as the parts of the system being changed are not in use.
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Cannot reach a worldwide audience as is possible on the World Wide Web.
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or
Standard Client to be able to run applications that use JADE Forms.
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connected to the system can access, even from different computers.
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and then write the code for them to communicate with each other.
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The first version of JADE was JADE 3, released
September 1996.
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data from the database as well as do their own processing.
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JADE 6.1 delivers data replication to
Microsoft SQL Server
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To interoperate with relational databases for reporting,
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Allows developers to use the same technology end-to-end.
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The current version is JADE 2022, replacing JADE 2020
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In this section are some short examples of JADE code.
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Allows the application to reach a worldwide audience.
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961:"JADE: Obscure Programming Language of the Month"
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