Jack H. Vaughn - Knowledge

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New York Times. The petition was never published in the Times. Murray allegedly translated the petition to Spanish and gave it to "El Sur," a Chilean newspaper. Ralph Dungan, the US ambassador to Chile at the time, said the petition was a "clear violation" of standard State Department procedures and that volunteers had been cautioned about limiting their modes of expressing their opinion. Dungan told volunteers to voice their views to their Congressmen or to the President. Murray was dismissed from the Peace Corps for violating State Department regulations governing political conduct overseas. On July 19, 1967, Vaughn clarified Peace Corps policy on writing letters to newspapers on political issues and said that volunteers could now identify themselves as Peace Corps volunteers in letters to newspapers. The old policy permitted identification by name only. The new policy would not have made any difference in the discharge of Murray because his activities involved the use of a newspaper in a host country.

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in a positive light. For example, while Ambassador to Colombia, Vaughn, a former boxer, refereed boxing matches for the flyweight, lightweight, and middleweight finals in the Colombian National amateur championships held in Cartagena. Vaughn held a license to referee professional fights in the United States and so as a courtesy, Colombia granted Vaughn a reciprocal license to referee in Colombia. Vaughn noted that one difference from the United States is that the referee in Colombia is not allowed to touch the fighters when calling on them to break a clinch. Vaughn stopped the lightweight match with only 41 seconds to go in the final round to have a doctor examine a cut over one fighter's eye and the fight was stopped. Vaughn is said to be the only US diplomat to referee a fight while serving as Ambassador and declared that he was much impressed with the caliber of the fighters in Colombia.

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million trees," Vaughn said. "When his tour was almost over, he sent me a message saying, 'I'm very sorry. I've only been able to plant 900,000 trees in my time here. Can you extend my stay?' Here was a guy who would never say, 'What am I doing here?' He could look at a forest and know it was there because of his efforts. This is what we should have been doing - have them plant a tree, clean up a stream," Vaughn said. "That was the explosion of awareness that changed the Peace Corps, because I wised up and still had time to do something about it. Those generalists, with no prior technical training, could be trained to do a beautiful job in just 10 weeks to turn wasteland into forest, to run nurseries, to do earth dam construction and supervision. It's a wonderful and satisfying job for a volunteer," Vaughn said.

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Senegalese," says Vaughn. "I was the only one who spoke French. I went up to meet Shriver and his lawyer in their hotel room. They did not have on a stitch of clothing. We all sat down and had a conversation. They said they had never seen heat like that. It was 120 degrees and no air conditioning." Vaughn's boxing prowess and prior experience as a prize fighter paid off when Sargent Shriver decided to recruit Vaughn. "I was recruited by Sargent Shriver because I had been in the ring with Sugar Ray Robinson," Vaughn said. "He loves jocks." Coates Redmond described Vaughn as "barely medium height, slight of build, with ginger-colored hair and a 1940s moustache to match, quietly spoken and careful of gesture" in her history of the early years of the Peace Corps,

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reductions in the living allowances, vehicle restrictions, and the closing of hostels than with the work they had come to do. "Stay where the Nigerians stay," said Vaughn. "The Peace Corps is not in the hotel business. Forget the motorbikes the Peace Corps gave you in a period of misguided generosity. Travel with the Africans or better yet stay in your town and get to know the people rather than escaping on weekends to visit other volunteers." Vaughn traveled with two reporters from the "Peace Corps Volunteer" magazine, a monthly magazine that went out to Peace Corps Volunteers worldwide. The December, 1966 issue of "Peace Corps Volunteer" contained a report on Vaughn's trip and the issues in Nigeria.

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inspect Peace Corps operations in the three countries. Complaints in Nigeria included closing the Peace Corps hostels intended for use by Peace Corps Volunteers on vacations or free weekends, a $ 19 cut in volunteers' $ 147 monthly living allowance to reflect the monthly pay of local Nigerians for work comparable to that done by volunteers, and a reduction in the number of motorbikes allocated for volunteers for official travel "in the Nigerian bush country." Vaughn traveled to Nigeria and spent three weeks traveling the country to meet in small groups with about 600 of the 699 volunteers in country to re-establish "a missing dialogue" between Volunteers and Washington Staff.

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effort he put into making program development in the field and program review and evaluation at Washington Headquarters into a professional process. One of Vaughn's first actions, taken in March, 1966, was to create the Peace Corps' Office of Planning and Program Review. Vaughn spent two years reappraising overseas operations, administration, training, and selection and created a more efficient programming mechanism. Vaughn made sure that the emphasis was shifted in the Peace Corps from how many volunteers were working to what the volunteers were doing and how well were they doing it.

827:'s record label. In a 2006 story in the Wall Street Journal, Vaughn said that since 2002, Comedy Central Records have gradually increased to about 10 releases a year. "We make money on 80% to 90% of our releases," Vaughn says. Industry insiders call this a good percentage since most new releases in the music industry lose money. The younger Vaughn went to high school in Guatemala while his father was a diplomat working there. "It was a terrific cultural experience, but for a teen-ager with Embassy restrictions, it was boring and dangerous," said the younger Vaughn. 595:

partnership between Latin America and the United States. "Not long ago the people of Latin America were still doubtful about the goals of the alliance," Vaughn said. Today it is a reality that is marching better than I thought and it is a reality because our partnership is solid, enduring and expanding." During his trip, Vaughn talked with hundreds of workers and peasants and with the leaders of Mexico, El Salvador, Panama, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Vaughn was warmly received during his trip and was praised by Chilean President

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job at midtour is unfair to the nation, to the host country, the Peace Corps, and the individual." Even though service in the Peace Corps did not relieve a male volunteer of his military obligation, some Selective Service Boards had granted deferments for the two years of voluntary service as being in the national interest. After 25 volunteers were called home for induction and Vaughn said he would take an active role in seeking deferments before the Presidential Appeal Board - the court of last resort for draft reclassification.

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health care, improved environmental protection, peace by means other than bludgeoning, burnishing the U.S. image abroad (an area in which the Peace Corps has no rival), promoting nonpartisan solutions, better education at all levels, with a major focus on helping the poor and disadvantaged," wrote Vaughn. "Is there a chance our next president, having talked the Peace Corps talk so faithfully and so long, will be able to stay real and walk the Peace Corps walk (while increasing the Peace Corps budget)?"

2159: 587:. The bureau was the single largest unit in the State Department with more than 600 employees in Washington and 2,000 more abroad. Vaughn was in charge of relations with the twenty Latin-American republics as well as Jamaica, Trinidad, and British Guinea. Vaughn's responsibilities included managing the Alliance for Progress and the office dealing with the Organization of American States. Vaughn also carried the title of United States Coordinator for the Alliance for Progress. 2820: 554:

now vacant for six months. His arrival was welcomed by Panamanians who knew and liked Vaughn from his previous work in Panama with the US AID mission. Vaughn had previously arranged for about 1,000 young Panamanians to go to the United States for post-graduate study. In the airport lounge, ten young Panamanians unfurled a 25-foot (7.6 m) long sign greeting Vaughn. "Jack, the scholarship holders remember your work and greet you," the sign read.

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Affairs. During the hearings Senator Laushe of Ohio asked Vaughn about reports that some Peace Corps volunteers did not dress properly. "Don't you have many of what you call the 'mustache people' around?" asked the Senator. The Senate hearing room burst into laughter as did Laushe when he realized what he had said to the mustached Vaughn. "That's the meanest thing you ever said to me, Senator," replied Vaughn.

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face down on the sidewalk. "This fellow came up behind me, put his arm around my waist, pinned my right arm to my side, and tried to remove my wallet," says Vaughn. "I hit him in the throat with my elbow. Then I kneed him in the groin and hit him in the jaw about five times. He was jackknifed on his face on the sidewalk as I walked away." "On several occasions I've had to straighten people out," Vaughn added.

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both Panama and of the United States who have served so faithfully through the years in operating and maintaining the Panama Canal," said Johnson. Although Vaughn takes no credit for President Carter's efforts beginning in 1977 to complete negotiations for a new Panama Canal treaty, Vaughn's early initiatives to reach an understanding with Panama paved the way for Carter's negotiations later.

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as I was not a member of the U.S. military, I understood that now was the moment to change the relation, the cut of the pie, that Panama was receiving for the Canal" Vaughn said speaking of his time in Panama in the early 1950s. After Vaughn became ambassador to Panama, it was difficult for Vaughn to convince the US government to offer concessions because the

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fight for the Peace Corps in Latin America so when the Peace Corps decided to send volunteers to teach in Venezuela in 1963 despite the presence of Castro communists, Shriver made Vaughn his point man. "Shriver said, 'Show them your teeth, not your tail,'" Vaughn said. "Those teachers did great there. I'm sure it was his finest moment in the Peace Corps."

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1969, that he would be replaced after all and reports that Vaughn had been asked to stay on as Peace Corps director in the Nixon administration were reported in the media to be untrue. "I was the first bureaucrat Nixon fired when he took office," Vaughn said. "But when he found out I was a Republican, he asked me if I'd be his ambassador to Colombia."

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are staying away because of their opposition to United States policy in Vietnam." "An increasing number of people are saying, 'since we do not or have not been able to solve our own problems, perhaps we had better focus more attention and resources on our own problems at home before we continue our effort to save the world,'" said Vaughn.

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clearly a political payoff, and it would be a shame to see him approved." As a Republican it pained Vaughn to have to oppose a nominee by a Republican president, but Vaughn came to Washington on his own and appeared before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee to speak out against the appointment of Vasquez. However Vasquez cleared the

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every employee. "I want to help build on this image and bask in your collected glory," said Vaughn. "I'm pleased to be with you." During his first month as director, Vaughn gave an estimated 60 speeches, visited 15 college campuses to recruit volunteers and traveled overseas with visits to Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, India, and Thailand.

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featherweight bouts as a professional. Vaughn tells the story that the first time he fought professionally in Mexico, the fans cheered enthusiastically but he couldn't make out what they were saying and he thought they were cheering him on. It was only later that he learned that what the fans were shouting was "Kill the

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cities in the United States. From 1972 to 1975 Vaughn was Dean of International Studies at Florida International University in Miami, Florida. From 1972 to 1975 Vaughn was named to head the overseas development staff for Children's Television Workshop, a unit of National Educational Television, producers of

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was vice-president, private sector projects for Development Associates. From 1986 to 1988 Vaughn was vice-president, government relations and finance for Conservation International. Vaughn was chairman of Ecotrust, a conservation organization committed to strengthening communities and the environment.

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In 1988 Vaughn made headlines while visiting New York City when Vaughn, then 67, defended himself during an attempted mugging as Vaughn left his hotel in midtown Manhattan after midnight to get a newspaper. Former professional prizefighter Vaughn hit the would-be mugger in the jaw leaving the mugger

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Vaughn's first marriage to the former Joanne Cordes Smith ended in divorce. Vaughn married Margaret Anne Weld on October 21, 1970. Weld had served as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Chad and was on Vaughn's personal staff when he was Director of the Peace Corps. Weld, known by her nickname "Leftie," was

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One of the fallouts of the anti-government stance of many young people was a decline in applications to join the Peace Corps. A Harris poll conducted with college students in 1968 found that "One-quarter of the seniors agree that 'a lot of people who might have joined the Peace Corps a few years ago

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However, dissent had its limits for Peace Corps volunteers. In 1967 Bruce Murray, a Peace Corps Volunteer serving in Chile, helped draw up a petition that called for a cessation of the bombing of North Vietnam and immediate negotiations for peace. Murray said his petition was for publication in the

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When Johnson picked Sargent Shriver to head up his "War on Poverty" in 1966, Vaughn was named Peace Corps director. "It was so good, so positive," Vaughn said of his appointment. "As a former bureaucrat, to join the Peace Corps was pure joy. All the stuff I knew we shouldn't do, we didn't do. All the

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resigned in August, 1963 leaving the United States without an ambassador for several months. The New York Times printed a story on January 10, 1964, criticizing the administration for leaving the post vacant and saying the vacancy had contributed to anti-American riots in Panama. "The absence of an

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Vaughn joined the US Information Agency (USIA) in 1949 as director of the bi-national center in La Paz, Bolivia and later moved to Costa Rica with the USIA. Vaughn joined the State Department in 1951 and spent 1951 to 1956 in Panama with the State Department. While working for the State Department in

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as a youth and would spar with local boxers on the third floor of his father's building in Albion, Michigan where a makeshift gymnasium was located. By age 14 Vaughn was boxing publicly in "smokers." "Everyone was smoking Roi-Tan cigars," says Vaughn. "We were fighting in a purple haze. It was $ 5 if

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Vaughn's efforts were fruitful. On December 19, 1964, President Johnson made an address to the Panamanian people proposing the negotiation of an entirely new treaty on the Panama Canal. "In these new proposals we will take every possible step to deal fairly and to deal helpfully with the citizens of

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by Omar Jaen Suarez, Vaughn is given great credit for defusing the tensions between the two countries and starting the United States and Panama on the road to successfully negotiating the Panama Canal Treaty. "I lived here in a successful and comfortable way, dedicated to agricultural activities and

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Vaughn served as the Latin-American director of the Peace Corps from October, 1961 to April, 1964. When Vaughn came to the Peace Corps there were only 78 volunteers serving in Latin America. By the time he left after two-and-a half years in the position, there were 2,500 volunteers working in rural

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Vaughn joined the Peace Corps staff because "the Peace Corps idea had a great appeal to me. And the people I knew who were putting this idea into effect appealed to me even more." Shriver admired Vaughn's courage and felt anyone who would brave the ring with Sugar Ray Robinson would have the grit to

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supporting expansion of the Peace Corps and defending the relevance of the Peace Corps in today's world. "What the Peace Corps set out as its goals in 1961 coincides almost exactly with what most of our presidential candidates in 2008 have promised to seek at home, e.g. bringing real change, better

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On May 2, 1969, President Nixon announced the appointment of Vaughn as Ambassador to Colombia. No major diplomatic initiatives took place with Colombia during Vaughn's ambassadorship there. Vaughn saw his role more as a "good will ambassador" and made many efforts to help the United States be seen

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Former US Marine Officer Vaughn took an active role in seeking deferments for Peace Corps Volunteers subject to the draft. "We have a serious situation," said Vaughn. "The problem of induction notices to overseas volunteers in becoming a major concern for us. Pulling a volunteer off a productive

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The New York Times reported on October 6, 1966, that Vaughn had left for Africa to investigate an unusually large number of complaints by Peace Corps Volunteers regarding their living allowances and working conditions in Nigeria. Vaughn's itinerary included stops in Senegal, Nigeria, and Liberia to

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from 1974 to 1975. From 1977 to 1979 Vaughn was Vice-President of Development and Resource Corporation for Iran. From 1979 to 1980 Vaughn was Assistant Administrator for Latin America Designate for USAID. From 1980 to 1982 Vaughn was President of Pierce Energy Corporation. From 1983 to 1986 Vaughn

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As a lifelong Republican appointed to head the Peace Corps by a Democratic president, Vaughn exemplified the non-partisan basis of the Peace Corps and the support the agency had from both political parties. Vaughn recounted how he had met with Republican Senator Barry Goldwater, the conservative

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Vaughn said that his first task as Director would be to visit Peace Corps programs around the world, meet staff members and volunteers and explain his plans. Vaughn meant that literally and started at the top of the 12-story Peace Corps Headquarters building to personally meet and shake hands with

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President Johnson named Vaughn US Ambassador to Panama in 1964 after the two nations broke off diplomatic relations because of nationalistic rioting in Panama. The Senate approved Vaughn's appointment on April 7, 1964. Vaughn arrived in Panama on April 17, 1964, to take up the post of Ambassador,

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to become Peace Corps director in 2001. "As they say on the racing tout sheet for a horse that is not in the running: 'Nothing to recommend,'" Vaughn said. "He has little experience . . . and little to indicate that he understands how to run the Peace Corps or any international organization. It's

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On October 8, 1970, Vaughn was named President of the National Urban Coalition replacing John W. Gardner, former Secretary of Health Education and Welfare. Vaughn's responsibilities as chief executive officer of the organization were to run day-to-day operations of the coalition's chapters in 48

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The weaknesses in the Nigeria program confirmed Vaughn's worst suspicions about the need to improve the quality of Peace Corps programs. "We've got to do better on recruitment, in administration, orchestration, and approach," said Vaughn. Vaughn's biggest contribution to the Peace Corps was the

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The Senate Foreign Relations Committee approved Vaughn's appointment as Peace Corps director 12 to 1 with Wayne Morse, Democrat of Oregon opposing Vaughn. In the same committee meeting Morse was also the sole vote against Lincoln Gordon to succeed Vaughn as Assistant Secretary for Inter-American

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Vaughn's connection with the Peace Corps began in 1961 when Peace Corps founding director Sargent Shriver came to Senegal where Vaughn was serving with USAID. "There were 4,000 volunteers signing up a day for the Peace Corps, and countries weren't asking for them. So Shriver came over to meet the

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one summer when I ran out of money," Vaughn said. "I decided I would take my boxing and turn pro, but I didn't know enough Spanish at the time to tell whether the agent said I would get 60 pesos for four rounds or four pesos for 60 rounds. You can guess which figure was correct." Vaughn fought 26

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When Richard Nixon became president in 1969, Vaughn found himself out of a job. One report says that Vaughn was asked by Nixon's Secretary of State William P. Rogers to stay on as Peace Corps director to emphasize the nonpolitical nature of the Peace Corps. Instead, Vaughn was informed in March,

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Vaughn was sworn in as Peace Corps director at a White House ceremony by President Lyndon Johnson on March 1, 1966, the fifth anniversary of the founding of the Peace Corps. "Jack Vaughn I first met out in a little fishing village in Africa, but he, like Sargent Shriver, I observed on that first

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Vaughn was appointed Peace Corps director on February 16, 1966. Vaughn was in a bar at 12:30 on M Street in Georgetown when the bar telephone rang and the bartender asked, "Is there a Mr. Jack Vaughn here?" Vaughn answered yes the bartender says, "it's someone who says he's the president of the

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Vaughn announced his resignation as Ambassador to Colombia on June 11, 1970, to return to private life. It was reported in the New York Times that Vaughn was leaving because he was in disagreement with Nixon's Latin American policies. However, a State Department spokesman said the Vaughn was

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One of Vaughn's most lasting contributions to the Peace Corps was to redirect the Peace Corps' focus to environmental issues. Vaughn first became interested in 1963 when he met a volunteer in Chile named Duty Green. "Duty Green was a forester, and he went to Chile with a commitment to plant a

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Vaughn cut to the crux of the matter when he met with Peace Corps Staff in Nigeria. "I never get letters of complaint from Volunteers who are busy doing something," Vaughn said, "who are teaching thirty hours a week." Vaughn thought that too many volunteers were more concerned with proposed

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Vaughn promoted a Peace Corps-style approach to diplomacy. "If I had my way, every young foreign service officer who now spends his early career stamping visas would be forced to put in two years with the Peace Corps or two years in private business as a salesman or an assistant assembly line

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On September 4, 1965, the New York Times reported that Vaughn had just completed a two-week trip to Latin America and returned with an enthusiastic report for President Johnson on the Alliance for Progress. Vaughn expressed his conviction that a "new and bright chapter" was starting in the

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meeting, is a disciple of peace," said President Johnson. "His life has been spent in the service of the cause of peace. This is the third job that I have asked Jack Vaughn to take since I met him in that fishing village in 1961. Each of these jobs he has served with great distinction."

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candidate for president in 1964, at a senior staff meeting. "After serious questioning on what Kennedy's new agency was all about, Arizona's Goldwater swore that the Peace Corps embodied virtually every one of the most noble aspects and values of the Republican Party," wrote Vaughn.

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the 1950s Vaughn met several times with Che Guevara. "I met him seven or eight times. Each time I liked him less," says Vaughn. "My final meeting, I gave him a University of Michigan T-shirt. He wore it backwards." From 1959 to 1961 Vaughn was the

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later on the public affairs staff at Peace Corps Headquarters in Washington. He is the father of Kathryn Vaughn Tolstoy and Carol Blair Vaughn by his first wife and Jack Hood Vaughn Jr. and Jane Vaughn Constantineau with his second wife.

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In 1992 Vaughn and his wife moved to Tucson. Vaughn, at 87, still kept in shape by shadow boxing and running in place. "I have an unbelievable left hook," says Vaughn. "Sometimes I shadow box, pretending I'm hitting certain politicians."

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was going on at the time. "It was a time of total war when the Pentagon was thinking of nothing else, like revising agreements or other annoyances like these, because they needed the military bases for training the troops," Vaughn said.

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later became the title for Vaughn's unpublished memoirs. Vaughn was the head boxing coach at University of Michigan from 1942 to 1943 and also taught Spanish, French and Latin American affairs while he was at the University of Michigan.

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from the University of Michigan and a master's in economics. Vaughn taught Spanish, French and Latin American affairs while he was at the University of Michigan and was also the head boxing coach. "I wanted to be a professor of

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Mission director for Senegal, Mali, and Mauritania. Vaughn's background growing up on a ranch in Montana helped him in his work with USAID where he worked in "mainly agricultural reform. I had a lot of training," says Vaughn.

497:," says Vaughn. Vaughn continued fighting to earn extra money while he worked at the University of Michigan. "I ended up losing the sight in my right eye in 1948," says Vaughn. "So in 1949, I went to the State Department." 383:, in 1931 where his father managed a chain of clothing stores in Michigan and Montana. Vaughn attended Albion Public Schools and graduated from Albion High School in 1939. Vaughn earned a Bachelor of Arts from the 379:, in 1920, the son of Elijah H. Vaughn and Blair (Cox) Vaughn. Vaughn grew up in Montana where his father managed a retail store and eventually owned the Vaughn and Ragsdale stores. Vaughn moved with his family to 400:

you won, $ 3 if you didn't. The events featured three or four semi-pro boxing matches and one fairly professional striptease. If there was no striptease, they brought in the wrestlers." Vaughn was a

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The American Presidency Project. "Remarks on the Fifth Anniversary of the Peace Corps at the Swearing In of Jack Hood Vaughn as Director" by President Lyndon B. Johnson. March 1st, 1966

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on March 11, 1966, about 150 protesters interrupted his speech three times. The protesters included members of the local chapters of the "Committee to End the War in Vietnam" and the

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boxer and won three Golden Gloves championships. Vaughn would sometimes box in Detroit where he worked occasionally as a sparring partner for notable prizefighters, including

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Peace Corps director Jack Vaughn meets with reporters and answers questions in fluent Spanish in Honduras in February 1969. From the Peace Corps Volunteer magazine May, 1969.

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American Ambassador was an invitation to the Communists to raise the devil," said Senator George D. Aiken, Republican of Vermont. "They have been waiting for this chance."

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himself. "Vaughn," said LBJ. "How would you like to be the director of the Peace Corps?" "Mr. President," Vaughn replied calmly, "I thought you'd never ask."

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United States." "Let me finish this drink," replied Vaughn taking his time before picking up the phone and saying hello. On the line was President

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El Panamá América. "Vaughn, An American Who Defended Panama" by Enrique Lusi Brathwaite. February 4, 2002. The original story is a

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Arizona Daily Wildcat. "UA alumnus' record label negotiation deal with Comedy Central" by Carly Davis. January 16, 2002.

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Associated Press. "U.S. Senate confirms Gaddi Vasquez as Peace Corps director." January 26, 2002. The original story

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New York Times. "Washington Talk: Briefing; Pity the Mugger" by Peter T. Kilborn and Martin Tolchin. June 8, 1988.

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Orange County Register. "Vasquez survives critics in Senate" by Dan Nowicki. December 13, 2001. The link to the

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Tucson Citizen. "Guest Opinion: Finally, candidates 'discover' Peace Corps" by Jack Vaughn. February 28, 2008.

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New York Times. "Panama irked by US Proposal to Survey for Canal in Colombia" by Richard Eder. April 17, 1966.

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and urban development in Latin America. Vaughn left the Peace Corps in 1964 to return to the State Department.

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Peace Corps Volunteer. "The issues of Nigeria, and beyond" by Stuart Awbrey and Pat Brown. December, 1966.

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foreman," said Vaughn. "Anything that would teach them how to deal with people and get along with them."

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New York Times. "Mann is Appointed to Harriman Post as No. 2 Rusk Aide" by Tom Wicker February 12, 1965.

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New York Times. "A Former Envoy Testifies in Peace Corps Case" by John H. Fenton. September 17, 1969.

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as a rifle company commander and a combat intelligence officer from 1942 to 1946. Vaughn saw combat in

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Foreign Relations committee by a vote of 14–4, and was accepted in the full Senate on a voice vote.

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Vaughn began fighting professionally in 1942 under the name of "Johnny Hood." "I was bumming around

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New York Times. "VISTA Gains Recruits as the Peace Corps Lags" by Joseph A. Luftus. July 4, 1968.

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who expressed gratitude for US economic assistance that he said was "decisive" for the solution of

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Wall Street Journal. "Comedy Central Corners The Laughs Business" by Joe Flint. May 8, 2006

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New York Times. "New Director Says Peace Corps Role is 'Point of Lance'" February 28, 1966.

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New York Times. "Peace Corps Plans to Appeal Drafting of Those on Duty" November 19, 2967.

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Peace Corps Writers. "Kill the Gringo" by John Coyne. Peace Corps Writers. February 28, 2007

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New York Times. "Vaughn to Study Complaints on Pay and Other Matters" October 6, 1966.

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New York Times. "Senators Decry Lack of an Envoy" by E. W. Kenworthy. January 10, 1964.

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New York Times. "Peace Corps Eases Curb on Protests By Its Volunteers" July 19, 1967.

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New York Times. "Senate Unit Backs Vaughn as Peace Corps Director" February 22, 1966.

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New York Times. "Wisconsin Students Heckle Vaughn on Vietnam Policy" March 11, 1966.

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New York Times. "Vaughn Pleased by Latins' Gains" by Henry Raymont. September 4, 1965

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New York Times. "Text of Johnson Statement and Address by Robles" December 19, 1965.

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New York Times. "Panama Envoy Confirmed; Two Other Posts are Filled" April 8, 1964.

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resigning "for personal reasons" adding that "There is no disagreement over policy."

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during his service. "I was wounded three times, all in the rear end," says Vaughn.

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New York Times. "State Department Denies Vaughn Quit Over Policy" June 11, 1970.

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New York Times. "Officials Shifted in Latin Bureau" by Ted Szulc. April 20, 1965.

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New York Times. "Miss Weld Wed to Jack Vaughn, Ex-Ambassador" October 21, 1970.

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New York Times. "Peace Corps Chief Says He Will Soon Leave Post" March 14, 1969.

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New York Times. "Jack Vaughn is Named Urban Coalition Head" October 8, 1970

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Peace Corps Volunteer Magazine. "Vaughn Maintains Fast Pace." April, 1966.

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Peace Corps Volunteer Magazine. "Peace Corps Marks 5 Years" March, 1966.

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Tucson Citizen. "Peace Corps at 40" by C. T. Revere. September 10, 2001.

436:," said Vaughn. "I was in the first of a four-round preliminary match. My 2809: 2774: 2764: 2714: 2561: 2107: 1000:. "Once a fighter, always a fighter" by Bonnie Henry. February 7, 2008. 563: 356: 115: 53: 1440:

Peace Corps Volunteer Magazine. "Thrilled to be Back." February, 1966.

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Peace Corps Volunteer Magazine. "Vaughn Takes the Helm." January, 1966

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New York Times. "New Peace Corps Head Joseph Blatchford" May 5, 1969.

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New York Times. "Envoy of the US Referees in Ring" December 7, 1969.

477:. Vaughn left the Marines with the rank of captain. Vaughn earned the 1734:

New York Times. "Vaughn is Selected for Colombia Post" May 2, 1970.

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New York Times. "Peace Corps Head in Clash on Policy" July 14, 1968.

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things we should do, we did efficiently, effectively and cheaply."

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by C. Payne Lucas and Kevin Lowther. Peace Corps Press. 1977.

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on October 29, 2012, following a bout of cancer. He was 92.

1953:"Jack Hood Vaughn, Who Led Peace Corps in '60s, Dies at 92" 1836: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 470: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1560: 768: 715: 1379: 1377: 1375: 885:

the Political Graveyard. "Index to Politicians: Vaughn."

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Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs

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On February 28, 2008, Vaughn published an op-ed in the

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Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs

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Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs

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On February 12, 1965, President Johnson named Vaughn

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United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II

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Head of National Urban Coalition, Planned Parenthood

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"Past Chief Executives" 1667: 1507: 1505: 1411: 1409: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 952: 950: 948: 946: 944: 942: 940: 938: 936: 934: 896: 894: 892: 706: 1737: 1601: 1523: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1219: 1128: 904:. Archived from the original on May 1, 2001 559:The Negotiations Regarding the Panama Canal 370: 314:March 22, 1965 – February 28, 1966 2880:Ambassadors of the United States to Panama 2690: 2676: 2148: 2134: 1891: 1653: 1617: 1594: 1592: 1537: 1287: 853:. Archived from the original on 2024-02-02 500: 46: 2084:March 22, 1965 – February 28, 1966 1502: 1406: 1011: 931: 889: 724: 583:and the United States coordinator of the 1989:Peace Corps News Clips about Jack Vaughn 1386: 610: 184:May 6, 1964 – February 27, 1965 52:Jack Vaughn, the second director of the 1589: 769:Confirmation hearings for Gaddi Vasquez 716:Nonpartisan support for the Peace Corps 673: 606: 540: 128:March 1, 1966 – April 30, 1969 14: 2850:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 2832: 1247:. An archival copy of the article is 660: 651: 30:For the American record producer, see 2671: 2164:United States Ambassadors to Colombia 2129: 786:Continued Support for the Peace Corps 461:, Vaughn served as an officer in the 79:June 9, 1969 – June 25, 1970 2048:United States Ambassador to Colombia 519: 67:United States Ambassador to Colombia 1296:by Coates Redmon. Harcourt. 1986. 24: 2905:American expatriates in Costa Rica 2021:United States Ambassador to Panama 172:United States Ambassador to Panama 25: 2926: 1973: 1851:has expired. An Archival copy is 1276:Spirit of America. "Jack Vaughn" 693:Students for a Democratic Society 505: 2818: 2188: 2167: 2157: 830:Jack Vaughn died at his home in 798: 390: 2915:American expatriates in Senegal 2900:American expatriates in Bolivia 1945: 1858: 1841: 1830: 1812: 1781: 1728: 1719: 1331: 689:University of Wisconsin–Madison 683:Peace Corps and the Vietnam War 632:Senate approval and swearing-in 432:!" "My first fight was down in 2910:American expatriates in Mexico 878: 453:Marine officer in World War II 13: 1: 2870:University of Michigan alumni 2865:People from Columbus, Montana 27:American diplomat (1920–2012) 2860:People from Albion, Michigan 2699:Directors of the Peace Corps 837: 687:When Vaughn appeared at the 575:Assistant Secretary of State 395:Vaughn became interested in 7: 440:was a high school kid from 10: 2931: 2186: 1584:Keeping Kennedy's Promise. 1122:February 19, 2008, at the 742:Post-government activities 463:United States Marine Corps 29: 2816: 2705: 2492: 2399: 2388: 2365: 2324: 2317:United States of Colombia 2313: 2292: 2246: 2235: 2197: 2177: 2114: 2104: 2096: 2086: 2077: 2069: 2064: 2054: 2045: 2037: 2027: 2018: 2010: 2005: 1062:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1005:February 8, 2008, at the 922:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 815:Vaughn's son, also named 707:Peace Corps and the draft 346: 342: 330: 318: 307: 299: 295: 288: 280: 270: 253: 229: 224: 220: 208: 198: 188: 177: 170: 158: 146: 132: 121: 113: 103: 93: 83: 72: 65: 61: 45: 38: 2493:Ambassador Extraordinary 2402:Minister Plenipotentiary 2368:Minister Plenipotentiary 2200:Minister Plenipotentiary 760:Vaughn was President of 545:US Ambassador to Panama 371:Early life and education 2400:Envoy Extraordinary and 2366:Envoy Extraordinary and 2239:Republic of New Granada 2198:Envoy Extraordinary and 1281:August 6, 2007, at the 1243:April 18, 2003, at the 501:State Department career 1984:, May, 1969 Pages 5-7 1868:. An archival copy is 1824:June 22, 2007, at the 725:Ambassador to Colombia 616: 603:'s economic problems. 385:University of Michigan 2855:Peace Corps directors 1982:Peace Corps Volunteer 758:The Electric Company. 626:Lyndon Baines Johnson 614: 597:Eduardo Frei Montalva 585:Alliance for Progress 215:Charles W. Adair, Jr. 2875:Michigan Republicans 2392:Republic of Colombia 2031:Charles W. Adair Jr. 780:United States Senate 674:Program improvements 607:Peace Corps director 541:Ambassador to Panama 114:2nd Director of the 2656:(chargé d'affaires) 2495:and Plenipotentiary 2216:(chargé d'affaires) 2065:Government offices 661:Problems in Nigeria 652:Environmental focus 375:Vaughn was born in 2041:Reynold E. Carlson 1957:The New York Times 1837:Ecotrust Web Site. 1554:2008-05-17 at the 1517:2008-05-17 at the 1480:2008-05-16 at the 1445:2008-05-17 at the 1213:2008-05-17 at the 998:Arizona Daily Star 762:Planned Parenthood 617: 406:Sugar Ray Robinson 204:Reynold E. Carlson 2827: 2826: 2665: 2664: 2657: 2325:Minister Resident 2293:Minister Resident 2247:Chargé d'Affaires 2217: 2124: 2123: 2118:Joseph Blatchford 2115:Succeeded by 2087:Succeeded by 2058:Leonard J. Saccio 2055:Succeeded by 2028:Succeeded by 2006:Diplomatic posts 821:Slimstyle Records 547:Joseph S. Farland 520:Peace Corps staff 495:French literature 490:Romance Languages 377:Columbus, Montana 350: 349: 284: 283: 247:Columbus, Montana 193:Lyndon B. Johnson 165:Joseph Blatchford 137:Lyndon B. Johnson 109:Leonard J. Saccio 16:(Redirected from 2922: 2822: 2692: 2685: 2678: 2669: 2668: 2655: 2215: 2192: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2150: 2143: 2136: 2127: 2126: 2106:Director of the 2097:Preceded by 2070:Preceded by 2038:Preceded by 2011:Preceded by 2003: 2002: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1964: 1949: 1943: 1938: 1925: 1920: 1909: 1904: 1889: 1886: 1873: 1862: 1856: 1845: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1794:. 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Taylor 94: 78: 73: 57: 41: 34: 32:Jack Vaughn Jr. 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2928: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2695: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2672: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2659: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2187: 2185: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2153: 2152: 2145: 2138: 2130: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2090:Lincoln Gordon 2088: 2085: 2076: 2073:Thomas C. 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