456:
108:
637:
144:
315:
772:: "Là dove venuto, in poco tempo, aiutato dalla natura et ammaestrato da Cimabue, non solo pareggiò il fanciullo la maniera del maestro suo, ma divenne così buono imitatore della natura che sbandì affatto quella goffa maniera greca, e risuscitò la moderna e buona arte della pittura, introducendo il ritrarre bene di naturale le persone vive, il che più di dugento anni non s'era usato; e se pure si era provato qualcuno, come si è detto di sopra, non gli era ciò riuscito molto felicemente né così bene a un pezzo come a Giotto."
20:
4528:
490:
as superior from a devotional point of view. This was partly because of the perceived authenticity of the compositions or poses of
Byzantine icons, which were believed, and proclaimed by the Orthodox, to have remained unchanged since the very beginning of Christianity, and in several cases to derive
652:
Venetian Crete had a busy painting industry, with Cretan, Italian, and (especially after 1453) mainland Greek artists at work. There are examples both of artists from different backgrounds setting up workshops together, and of both
Italian and Cretan patrons commissioning works from a painter of a
703:
was devised to describe such bulk painters, who later practised in Italy also, often using a quasi-Byzantine style, and apparently often Greek or
Dalmatian individuals. Production of icons at these levels seems to have led to a glut in the market, and in the following two decades there is much
363:
of saints on or behind the altar, as well as the tradition of decorating the front of the altar with sculptures or textiles, preceded the first altarpieces. During the 13th century, liturgical changes (only reversed in the 20th century) placed the priest celebrating mass on the same side of the
711:
was trained in this part of the Cretan industry, running his own workshop for a few years before he emigrated to Italy in 1567, at the age of about 26. His very individual later
Italian style might fairly be characterized as "Italo-Byzantine", though in fact the term is not often used of it.
593:
had a revelation in front of it around 1206. There are more survivals from later in the century; some are not entirely flat, but have the face and halo protruding somewhat from the main plane, to help visibility from below. It was to make works such as these that
Italian panel painters had
497:
or "icons not made by human hands", or from supposed portrait paintings of Christ or the Virgin painted from the life, by Saint Luke or others. Some, especially among the clergy, felt that the beauty and greater naturalism of newer
Italian styles distracted from devotion.
447:
survived being replaced by the top
Italian painters, indeed became more common, as increasing prosperity and cheap Cretan imports spread the possibility of owning an icon for the home down the economic scale. By the 16th century, as revealed by inventories, ownership of
407:(active c. 1268–1311) were both trained and highly skilled in the Italo-Byzantine style, but also developing it in new directions in terms of representing solidity and depth, and loosening up the age-old Byzantine poses. This approach, and its further development by
687:
The
Venetian archives preserve considerable documentation on the trade of artistic icons between Venice and Crete, which by the end of the 15th century had become one of mass production. There is documentation of a specific order in 1499, of 700 icons of the
119:, "down to the thirteenth century ... all Italian local schools were provincial variants of the central Byzantine tradition". Most of the artists of Italo-Byzantine paintings are unknown, though we know some facts about later transitional figures such as
135:(active c. 1228–42). The gold ground style encouraged strong outlines in the painted shapes, and "figures are formed out of abstract but expressive shapes designed to identify various body parts or items of clothing while creating beautiful patterns."
470:
By 1615, one study showed that a remarkable 81% of the households of
Venetian labourers possessed artworks of some sort; when icons, these would have mostly have been very small, and perhaps mostly Cretan imports (see below). However, by this period
424:, by no means entirely in the old Italo-Byzantine style. One Greek scholar describes it as "a work which most likely no Byzantine of the period would have recognized as a Greek icon". It is especially significant because by the time a canon of
154:
The term "Italo-Byzantine" is used for sculpture much less often, as the
Byzantines did not provide large models to follow for that. It may be used of ivories, mosaics and the like. In architecture it is the almost inevitable term used for
440:. Some copies are clearly Netherlandish in style, though preserving the pose and details of the original, but others previously thought to have been made in Italy may in fact have been made in the Netherlands by local artists.
574:. The painted crucifixes typically included many smaller figures in sections at the four extremities of the cross, and built out to the sides below the horizontal arms, level with Christ's torso and legs, as in the cross in
107:
553:
in churches, as well as assorted pieces of furniture and so on. The life-size crucifixes were not a Byzantine form, and were probably regarded in Italy as a cheaper version of the crosses with a sculpted
96:, then a Venetian possession. Especially in later periods, the terms also cover paintings done in Italy by Greek or Greek-trained artists; some of these are difficult to distinguish from works of the
475:
icons had come to seem old-fashioned, although some lingered until the 18th century. The Cretan icon-industry was already adopting more up to date Western styles, with some success, and the slow
348:
was not a usual form in the West before this, though a few Byzantine examples had arrived, and were often highly revered, and a few had been locally produced, like the possibly 7th-century
411:, was slowly taken up by the main workshops in other cities, but many lesser figures in smaller or more remote cities and towns continued the old style for a considerable time.
89:. Vasari was no admirer, defining the Renaissance as a rejection of "that clumsy Greek style" ("quella greca goffa maniera"); other Renaissance writers were similarly critical.
594:
presumably been trained, as well as combinations of frescos, the painting of sculpture in both wood and stone, and illuminating manuscripts. The main masters of the new
684:("Latin style"), mostly a conservative Romanesque or Gothic style, where the Greek-style works followed traditional Byzantine style as far as their cheap price allowed.
356:, founded five years after the sack. At this point most examples were probably made for churches, or for great households; these tended to be left to churches later.
1275:
4370:
1430:
Voulgaropoulou, Margarita, "From Domestic Devotions to the Church Altar: Venerating Icons in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Adriatic", in Ryan, Salvador (ed),
73:
began to take Italian, or at least Florentine, painting into new territory. But the style continued until the 15th century and beyond in some areas and contexts.
452:
icons was highly common in noble households, and those of the senior clergy, and was spreading to the homes of the middle classes, and later the working classes.
2995:
974:
57:, but also of other subjects; essentially they introduced the relatively small portable painting with a frame to Western Europe. Very often they are on a
344:. The booty brought back to Europe included many icons, which probably stimulated demand for more, and provided models for local artists. The portable
253:("a small Candia picture"); they are probably best regarded as a characterization by style rather than a record of the place of origin. Especially for
1345:
Meagher, Jennifer. "Italian Painting of the Later Middle Ages." In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–.
927:, several paintings (late 15th or 16th-century) characterised as "Byzantine (Greco-Venetian) School". These were probably by Greeks living in Venice.
372:
behind and above the altar were a visual devotional focus. Most larger Italo-Byzantine paintings were altarpieces, for which the elaborately-framed
1957:
1392:
1466:
769:
692:, 500 in a Western style, and 200 in Byzantine style. The order was placed with three artists by two dealers, one Venetian and one from mainland
3872:
455:
3324:
206:
religious habits. They and things relating to them may be called Italo-Byzantine, or alternatively "Italo-Greek" or "Italo-Albanian". The
3358:
3865:
1425:
214:
was set up to enable them to keep Orthodox traditions within the Catholic Church; it now has some 70,000 members, not all in Italy.
636:
388:(active roughly from 1321 to 1360) led the development, with a style that is "still Byzantine", but increasingly influenced by the
857:
4147:
2682:
2116:
3085:
2167:
1883:
1284:
984:
53:
types, but painted by artists without a training in Byzantine techniques. These are versions of Byzantine icons, most of the
1035:
1727:
2465:
2448:
1849:
1459:
526:
3434:
1794:
143:
3502:
2353:
877:
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rather than that of earlier periods, and gives a more restrained and less dramatic style of Baroque than that of, say,
1822:
1369:
314:
3581:
3576:
2421:
1912:
1365:
1326:
1294:
1202:
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or "composite altarpiece" form soon developed. These were especially common in Venice, where large mural schemes in
1839:
707:
There were also workshops led by masters with a much better reputation, who produced works of much higher quality.
668:) in their contracts to describe one of the two styles of small and cheap devotional paintings by workshops of the
359:
The reasons and forces that led to the development of altarpieces are not generally agreed upon. Placing decorated
2587:
392:
developing north of the Alps, and personal elements. However, influence from Giotto is "almost entirely absent".
100:, the main source of Greek imports to Europe. In the mid-20th century, many of these were attributed to Venetian
4007:
3480:
1771:
1687:
298:, and their idea of "Greekness" is rather subtle and hard to reconstruct today; to a large degree it relates to
92:
This also covered actual Byzantine icons in Italy; by the Renaissance these were imported on a large scale from
45:
is a style term in art history, mostly used for medieval paintings produced in Italy under heavy influence from
4557:
3760:
3309:
3168:
2932:
1952:
1788:
1497:
1452:
1415:
1386:
1265:
827:
211:
606:, about whose work we have better information, mostly painted both panels and frescos, and sometimes designed
2849:
2602:
1206:
617:
4231:
3603:
3444:
3272:
2077:
1989:
1962:
765:
188:
4562:
3892:
3593:
2259:
437:
291:
3546:
4189:
3805:
3628:
3002:
2616:
2592:
2145:
2104:
1817:
1403:
476:
116:
35:
2540:
3388:
3267:
3223:
2631:
2274:
2242:
2140:
1626:
924:
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as the congregation, so with his back to them for much of the time. This encouraged the creation of
286:
176:
4152:
4135:
3790:
3633:
3618:
3429:
3299:
3173:
2965:
2920:
2881:
2822:
2793:
2193:
1534:
1444:
621:
3329:
3289:
4313:
3650:
3490:
3245:
2854:
2800:
2404:
2247:
2162:
2089:
2028:
295:
3422:
3240:
2732:
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evidence that the Cretan trade declined significantly, as the European demand had been reduced.
4531:
4424:
4072:
4022:
3982:
3945:
3845:
3485:
2805:
2783:
2643:
1611:
1337:
Conflict, Commerce, and an Aesthetic of Appropriation in the Italian Maritime Cities, 1000–1150
538:
522:
502:
349:
337:
261:("Venetian-Byzantine school") or "Byzantine (Greco-Venetian) School", especially in Italian.
4552:
4062:
4037:
4002:
3972:
3938:
3860:
3638:
3613:
3228:
3107:
3012:
1571:
1493:
1298:
699:
Probably the quality of many such commissioned icons was fairly low, and the dismissive term
514:
299:
180:
2490:
889:
4184:
3765:
3534:
3439:
3233:
3163:
3079:
2953:
2756:
2582:
2382:
2072:
1907:
1812:
1746:
1677:
1596:
1586:
1576:
352:. The 13th century also saw a great increase in devotions to the Virgin Mary, led by the
8:
4407:
3992:
3908:
3877:
3755:
3718:
3519:
3405:
3252:
2925:
2611:
2597:
2203:
2126:
2004:
1924:
1902:
1353:
1250:
589:
of about 1100 is one of few early survivals; perhaps it has only remained intact because
505:
in 1453 brought a new influx of Greeks and icons to Italy. Prominent collectors included
433:
120:
86:
4486:
3730:
2264:
482:
As the gap in style between contemporary Italian painting and Italo-Byzantine (or Greek
198:
The people of the parts of southern Italy and Sicily ruled by the Byzantines during the
4449:
4057:
3997:
3740:
3662:
3598:
3412:
3373:
3216:
3117:
3044:
2871:
2658:
2433:
2307:
2237:
2099:
2094:
1871:
1636:
1601:
612:
567:
518:
428:
bought it for the cathedral in 1450 it was believed to be the original portrait of the
277:
168:
160:
49:. It initially covers religious paintings copying or imitating the standard Byzantine
4507:
3688:
3368:
1270:
Drandaki, Anastasia, "A Maniera Greca: content, context and transformation of a term"
111:
Madonna and Child, with Annunciation, Flagellation & Crucifixion, mid-13th century
4177:
4130:
4100:
3960:
3830:
3745:
3735:
3400:
3383:
3257:
2876:
2839:
2810:
2763:
2626:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2443:
2121:
2033:
2023:
2010:
1999:
1662:
1591:
1566:
1522:
1411:
1382:
1361:
1346:
1322:
1290:
1261:
1198:
980:
881:
873:
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586:
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329:
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is an example. At the time even artists in Rome were able to see very little actual
273:
254:
184:
156:
148:
54:
2414:
1834:
648:" (Venetian-Cretan School). The place such works were painted can be hard to decide.
571:
4513:
4459:
4417:
4120:
3913:
3551:
3458:
3336:
3049:
3032:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2898:
2844:
2567:
2512:
2409:
2377:
2348:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2188:
2050:
2045:
1722:
1483:
1306:
1232:
1039:
696:, and the time between contract date and delivery was set at only forty-five days.
464:
353:
207:
199:
4241:
4434:
4291:
4266:
4216:
4140:
3965:
3955:
3850:
3835:
3815:
3698:
3608:
3571:
3556:
3304:
3211:
3153:
2975:
2970:
2727:
2696:
2648:
2338:
2269:
2254:
2082:
2060:
1981:
1929:
1919:
1891:
1844:
1751:
1692:
1682:
1621:
1439:
1398:
1340:
1330:
1240:
501:
The Greek originals received a late boost in popularity in the decades after the
416:
385:
320:
281:
2318:
19:
4496:
4464:
4412:
4360:
4343:
4333:
4261:
3923:
3800:
3770:
3667:
3655:
3529:
3463:
3395:
3262:
3158:
2861:
2557:
2497:
2438:
2302:
2232:
1939:
1861:
1778:
1631:
1374:
1280:
486:) icons grew wider, there is evidence that at least some Italians regarded the
483:
395:
In the later part of the 13th century the two leading painters in north Italy,
345:
341:
336:
The Italo-Byzantine icon style is usually said to have become common after the
203:
4077:
1946:
420:
is a relatively late piece, probably painted around 1340 in Italy, perhaps in
4546:
4397:
4365:
4226:
4221:
4204:
4032:
4027:
4012:
3987:
3977:
3928:
3588:
3566:
3497:
3363:
3192:
3095:
3071:
3054:
3022:
3007:
2788:
2778:
2773:
2677:
2426:
2387:
2326:
2152:
2109:
1878:
1807:
1739:
1581:
1559:
1475:
902:
669:
641:
493:
175:
in the lagoon, but is not often used for other buildings (until 19th-century
97:
46:
3882:
3027:
2689:
272:
had a different meaning from the 17th century, when it described a trend in
4476:
4429:
4385:
4375:
4338:
4308:
4271:
4246:
4236:
4199:
4042:
3825:
3693:
3417:
3346:
3143:
3066:
2817:
2768:
2672:
2653:
2621:
2518:
2458:
2453:
2198:
2018:
1856:
1714:
1697:
1657:
1652:
1606:
1544:
1077:
Voulgaropoulou, 204–208, 231–232; Bacci, 85; Nagel and Wood, 71–72, 106–107
831:
506:
128:
27:
4471:
2332:
892:; Mack instead emphasizes architectural influences from the Islamic world.
4392:
4355:
4296:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4110:
4105:
4047:
3950:
3887:
3840:
3780:
3750:
3672:
3514:
3352:
3341:
3314:
3284:
3148:
3122:
3039:
2960:
2948:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2866:
2827:
2663:
2638:
2523:
2485:
2392:
2360:
2312:
2040:
1968:
1761:
1702:
1616:
1554:
1514:
885:
689:
510:
429:
360:
58:
31:
1226:
4439:
4251:
4211:
4157:
4125:
4017:
3855:
3810:
3703:
3509:
3319:
3187:
2908:
2710:
2502:
2343:
2131:
1897:
1802:
1766:
1756:
1734:
1549:
1539:
1527:
1479:
1424:, Oxford Art Online In collaboration with the National Gallery of Art,
1311:
559:
550:
389:
369:
1221:
Bacci, Michele. "Veneto-Byzantine 'Hybrids': Towards a Reassessment",
1184:, p. 51-2, Athens 1987, Byzantine Museum of Arts; Nagel and Wood, 107
1171:, p. 51-2, Athens 1987, Byzantine Museum of Arts; Nagel and Wood, 107
1036:"The Virgin of Tenderness (Copy of 'The Cambrai Madonna') c.1590–1700"
4501:
4491:
4454:
4286:
4276:
4256:
4082:
4052:
3785:
3708:
3127:
2913:
2750:
2507:
2208:
2157:
2055:
1866:
1672:
1643:
373:
238:
192:
85:
and others; it is one of the first post-classical European terms for
81:("Greek style/manner") was the Italian term used at the time, and by
1474:
237:, as well as ones using "Cretan" or "Candia", the Venetian name for
202:
often continued to speak Greek until about the 16th century and had
4481:
4402:
4350:
4281:
4194:
4115:
4067:
3933:
3918:
3775:
3713:
3645:
3539:
3524:
3198:
3112:
3102:
3090:
2834:
2297:
1994:
1934:
708:
570:(originally 11th-century or earlier), and the 12th-century Catalan
546:
164:
124:
101:
62:
3820:
3623:
3561:
3378:
3277:
3017:
2744:
2577:
2183:
1783:
1667:
976:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, Volume 1
599:
579:
563:
396:
325:
303:
66:
2739:
4444:
4303:
3795:
3725:
3294:
3206:
3061:
2292:
693:
677:
656:
At least by the late 15th century, Italian importers also used
625:
607:
603:
542:
408:
400:
381:
377:
172:
82:
70:
2528:
673:
404:
365:
242:
132:
93:
529:
to be copied; d'Este many have had some of Paul II's icons.
517:, who owned 11 mosaic icons at his death in 1492. The Greek
384:
was greatly preferred, but too expensive for most churches.
280:, a Flemish sculptor working in Rome and his pupils such as
4380:
3182:
558:
or body. Famous versions of the sculpted type include the
532:
460:
421:
61:. It was the dominant style in Italian painting until the
50:
1289:, 2004, Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press,
513:
icons and 13 painted or relief ones. Some later passed to
4371:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
1432:
Domestic Devotions in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
1304:
Keck, Andrew S. "A Group of Italo-Byzantine Ivories."
828:"Florence in the Late Gothic period, an introduction"
221:
in contemporary sources such as inventories included
680:) for export to the West. The alternative style was
628:
was an exception here, mainly just painting panels.
159:, and a few other very old buildings in Venice (the
852:Matthews, Chapter 2, covers these; Boito, Camillo,
1410:, 1970, London: Thames and Hudson (World of Art),
1297:(the relevant entries on pp. 582–588 are by
954:Voulgaropoulou, 201; Virgin and Child, 5; Meagher
620:in Rome, and Berlinghiero's on the facade of the
328:on cedar panel. 35.7 cm x 25.7 cm. Now
257:, modern art history may use local terms such as
4544:
1113:Boskovits et al., 13–32 discusses many of these.
537:Italian painting up to about 1200 was used for
477:loss of Crete to the Ottomans from 1645 to 1669
872:, 2002, 8-14, University of California Press,
1460:
1237:The Origins of Florentine Painting, 1100–1270
945:Boskovits et al., 66; Voulgaropoulou, 201–202
104:, which is now less popular among scholars.
764:Voulgaropoulou, 201–203; Omissi, Adrastos,
979:. Oxford University Press. pp. 44–48.
1467:
1453:
1379:Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art
1235:, Labriola, Ada, & Tartuferi, Angelo,
1251:Metropolitan Museum of Art catalogue page
972:
163:for example) and on the small islands of
1258:The Pictorial arts of the West, 800–1200
1050:Voulgaropoulou, 207–210: Drandaki, 48–51
905:, Catholic Near East Welfare Association
635:
533:Western panel-painting before about 1200
454:
313:
147:Late 13th-century triptych, probably by
142:
106:
18:
1394:Giotto and the Early Italian Resistance
963:Shrimplin, 2–5; Voulgaropoulou, 230–231
766:"Byzantium and Italian Renaissance Art"
4545:
4148:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
1422:Italian Renaissance Learning Resources
1319:François Duquesnoy and the Greek Ideal
1310:, vol. 12, no. 2, 1930, pp. 147–162,
1286:Byzantium, Faith and Power (1261–1557)
923:Bacci, 77–78 (with further variants);
399:in Florence (active c. 1270–1303) and
2168:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
1448:
1381:(1960), 1972, Icon/Harper & Row,
1197:, 99 (and generally), 2009, Ashgate,
1180:Maria Constantoudaki-Kitromilides in
1167:Maria Constantoudaki-Kitromilides in
966:
903:"The Italo-Byzantine Catholic Church"
1408:Venetian painting: A concise history
1131:Bacci, 90–102 discusses some cases.
264:
631:
13:
3503:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
2354:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
1434:, 2020, MDPI Books, (reprint from
138:
14:
4574:
3577:American Figurative Expressionism
1913:International Gothic art in Italy
854:The Basilica of S. Mark in Venice
578:, dated 1138, the earliest dated
479:seriously interrupted supplies.
30:, c. 1230, tempera on wood, with
4527:
4526:
3086:Neue KĂĽnstlervereinigung MĂĽnchen
525:, and lent Greek manuscripts to
127:(active mid-13th century), and
4008:Tunisian collaborative painting
3481:International Typographic Style
1360:, 2020, Zone Books, MIT Press,
1321:, 2007, Yale University Press,
1187:
1174:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
993:
957:
948:
939:
930:
917:
908:
895:
862:
846:
837:
820:
811:
241:, then as now the main city on
3761:The Caribbean Artists Movement
1225:, vol. 35, 2014, pp. 73–106.,
973:Hourihane, Colum, ed. (2012).
802:
793:
784:
775:
758:
749:
740:
731:
722:
509:(d. 1471), who by 1457 had 23
212:Italo-Albanian Catholic Church
1:
2117:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
1215:
545:, and on wood, large painted
4232:Modern European ink painting
3604:Bay Area Figurative Movement
1397:, 2021, Online lecture from
1026:Evans; Drandaki, 48 (quoted)
672:which were mass-produced in
585:Of the painted versions the
438:Early Netherlandish painters
189:Venetian Gothic architecture
7:
3893:Artificial intelligence art
644:with saints, described as "
292:Santa Maria di Loreto, Rome
276:especially associated with
10:
4579:
3806:Post-painterly abstraction
3629:Situationist International
3003:Pennsylvania Impressionism
1239:, Volume 1, 1993, Giunti,
1195:El Greco: The Cretan Years
1182:From Byzantium to El Greco
1169:From Byzantium to El Greco
1017:Panofsky, 115–120; Meagher
826:Milk Mac Farland, Joanna,
618:Old Saint Peter's Basilica
309:
36:Metropolitan Museum of Art
4522:
4326:
4091:
3901:
3681:
3473:
3457:
3389:California Scene Painting
3268:California Scene Painting
3224:Figurative Constructivism
3136:
2941:
2720:
2709:
2539:
2476:
2369:
2285:
2275:Poussinists and Rubenists
2176:
1980:
1713:
1513:
1504:
1491:
808:Boskovits et al., 112–125
16:Style term in art history
4487:Prehistoric European art
4136:Contemporary African art
3619:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
3547:GeneraciĂłn de la Ruptura
3174:Universal Constructivism
2966:California Impressionism
2921:American Barbizon school
1317:Lingo, Estelle Cecile,
1193:Panagiōtakēs, Nikolaos,
715:
622:Basilica of San Frediano
4314:Walking Artists Network
3651:Letterist International
3491:Washington Color School
2405:Arts in the Philippines
1314:. Accessed 3 Mar. 2021.
1229:, Accessed 6 Mar. 2021.
1059:Voulgaropoulou, 209–210
834:, accessed 8 April 2021
653:different background.
539:illuminated manuscripts
491:either from miraculous
436:and was much copied by
296:ancient Greek sculpture
259:scuola veneto-bizantina
251:quadro candiota piccolo
63:end of the 13th century
4425:Illuminated manuscript
4073:The Designers Republic
4023:Neue Slowenische Kunst
3946:Pattern and Decoration
3846:Institutional critique
3486:Abstract expressionism
2466:Latin American Baroque
2422:Colonial Asian Baroque
1358:Anachronic Renaissance
1352:Nagel, Alexander, and
1335:Matthews, Karen Rose,
1272:Studies in Iconography
1245:Christiansen, Keith,
1223:Studies in Iconography
1104:Boskovits et al.,13–15
746:Drandaki, 39–41, 48–51
649:
566:, 10th-century), the
521:gave several icons to
503:Fall of Constantinople
467:
350:Madonna della Clemenza
338:Sack of Constantinople
333:
151:
112:
39:
4558:Italian art movements
4063:Artist-run initiative
4038:Young British Artists
4003:New European Painting
3939:Moscow Conceptualists
3861:Feminist art movement
3639:Ukrainian underground
3614:Gutai Art Association
3013:Ten American Painters
2517:Western influence in
1494:List of art movements
1299:Maryan Wynn Ainsworth
1274:35, 2014, pp. 39–72,
646:scuola veneto-cretese
639:
458:
317:
300:Hellenistic sculpture
191:does not owe much to
181:Westminster Cathedral
146:
110:
22:
3873:Saqqakhaneh movement
3766:Chicano art movement
3634:Soviet Nonconformist
3440:Boston Expressionism
3423:Abstraction-Création
3241:Arbeitsrat fĂĽr Kunst
3234:Cologne Progressives
2954:Art Nouveau in Milan
2757:Anglo-Japanese style
2733:National romanticism
2163:Fontainebleau School
2073:Northern Renaissance
1908:International Gothic
1420:"Virgin and Child",
1391:Shrimplin, Valerie,
1354:Wood, Christopher S.
856:, 1888, F. Ongania,
324:, Italian, c. 1340.
247:quadro a la candiota
187:). Even the rest of
4408:Hierarchy of genres
3973:Saint Soleil School
3909:Post-conceptual art
3878:The Stars Art Group
3756:Black Arts Movement
3719:Neo-Dada Organizers
3520:Lyrical abstraction
3253:Australian tonalism
2926:California Tonalism
2598:Hudson River School
2401:Colonial Asian art
2141:English Renaissance
2090:Ghent–Bruges school
2078:Early Netherlandish
1990:Italian Renaissance
1903:Gothic art in Milan
1249:, by Berlinghiero,
1086:Nagel and Wood, 107
1068:Voulgaropoulou, 210
999:Virgin and Child, 5
914:Voulgaropoulou, 212
868:Mack, Rosamond E.,
781:Voulgaropoulou, 212
610:, such as Giotto's
523:Saint Peter's, Rome
434:Luke the Evangelist
210:Italo-Byzantine or
121:Coppo di Marcovaldo
4563:Virgin Mary in art
4450:Landscape painting
4058:New Leipzig School
3998:Neo-conceptual art
3746:Art & Language
3741:Capitalist realism
3663:Florida Highwaymen
3599:Hard-edge painting
3413:Streamline Moderne
3374:Harlem Renaissance
3217:Novecento Italiano
3045:Deutscher Werkbund
2872:Post-Impressionism
2434:Latin American art
2238:Guild of Romanists
2100:German Renaissance
2095:Northern Mannerism
1095:Nagel and Wood, 72
650:
568:Holy Face of Lucca
519:Cardinal Bessarion
515:Lorenzo de' Medici
468:
463:, stolen from the
334:
278:Francois Duquesnoy
255:Venetian paintings
169:Torcello Cathedral
161:Fondaco dei Turchi
152:
113:
40:
4540:
4539:
4322:
4321:
4178:Corporate Memphis
4131:Classical Realism
4101:Amazonian pop art
3993:Appropriation art
3961:Neo-expressionism
3831:Environmental art
3736:Nouvelle tendance
3453:
3452:
3401:Socialist realism
3258:Dresden Secession
2877:Neo-Impressionism
2840:Decadent movement
2811:Heidelberg School
2705:
2704:
2603:American luminism
2588:DĂĽsseldorf School
2583:Shoreham Ancients
2573:Nazarene movement
2563:Danish Golden Age
2444:Indochristian art
2122:Antwerp Mannerism
2011:Pittura infamante
2005:Florentine School
2000:Proto-Renaissance
1260:, 1993, Yale UP,
1247:Madonna and Child
1233:Boskovits, MiklĂłs
986:978-0-19-539536-5
596:Proto-Renaissance
591:Francis of Assisi
587:San Damiano cross
576:Sarzana Cathedral
432:painted by Saint
426:Cambrai Cathedral
330:Cambrai Cathedral
274:Baroque sculpture
265:Baroque sculpture
245:. These included
185:Bristol Byzantine
157:San Marco, Venice
149:Grifo di Tancredi
55:Madonna and Child
24:Madonna and Child
4570:
4530:
4529:
4514:Western painting
4460:Modern sculpture
4418:History painting
4121:Art intervention
3914:Installation art
3731:Nouveau réalisme
3471:
3470:
3445:Leningrad School
3337:Mexican muralism
3310:Grosvenor School
3050:American Realism
3033:Der Blaue Reiter
2991:Berlin Secession
2986:Vienna Secession
2981:Munich Secession
2899:Pont-Aven School
2718:
2717:
2568:Troubadour style
2546:(c. 1770 – 1862)
2513:Qing handicrafts
2479:Western elements
2410:Letras y figuras
2383:African-American
2378:African diaspora
2349:Directoire style
2260:Heptanese school
2243:Dutch Golden Age
2228:Stroganov School
2221:Lutheran Baroque
2216:Louis XIII style
2189:Baroque in Milan
2051:Bolognese School
2046:High Renaissance
2029:Forlivese School
2024:Ferrarese School
1747:Migration Period
1511:
1510:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1349:, September 2010
1307:The Art Bulletin
1209:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1040:Royal Collection
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
970:
964:
961:
955:
952:
946:
943:
937:
934:
928:
921:
915:
912:
906:
901:Faris, John D.,
899:
893:
870:Bazaar to Piazza
866:
860:
850:
844:
841:
835:
824:
818:
815:
809:
806:
800:
797:
791:
788:
782:
779:
773:
770:"Life of Giotto"
762:
756:
753:
747:
744:
738:
735:
729:
726:
632:Cretan paintings
527:Francesco d'Este
465:National Gallery
354:Franciscan Order
208:Eastern Catholic
200:High Middle Ages
4578:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4518:
4435:Interactive art
4318:
4292:SoFlo Superflat
4217:Kitsch movement
4141:Africanfuturism
4093:
4087:
3966:Transavantgarde
3897:
3851:Light and Space
3836:Performance art
3816:Psychedelic art
3699:Nueva Presencia
3689:Otra FiguraciĂłn
3677:
3609:Les Plasticiens
3594:New York School
3572:Action painting
3557:Metcalf Chateau
3466:
3461:
3449:
3369:Cercle et Carré
3305:New Objectivity
3212:Return to order
3154:School of Paris
3132:
2976:School of Paris
2937:
2823:Arts and Crafts
2728:Neo-romanticism
2713:
2701:
2697:Etching revival
2649:Barbizon school
2593:Pre-Raphaelites
2545:
2542:
2535:
2478:
2472:
2365:
2339:Louis XVI style
2281:
2270:Louis XIV style
2233:Animal painting
2194:Flemish Baroque
2172:
2083:World landscape
2034:Venetian School
1976:
1963:Majorcan school
1930:Novgorod School
1920:Lucchese School
1892:Opus Anglicanum
1884:Norman-Sicilian
1828:Italo-Byzantine
1728:Early Christian
1709:
1693:Pompeian Styles
1506:
1500:
1487:
1473:
1399:Gresham College
1375:Panofsky, Erwin
1339:, 2018, BRILL,
1281:Evans, Helen C.
1256:Dodwell, C.R.;
1218:
1213:
1212:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1158:Drandaki, 43–46
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
987:
971:
967:
962:
958:
953:
949:
944:
940:
935:
931:
922:
918:
913:
909:
900:
896:
867:
863:
851:
847:
842:
838:
825:
821:
816:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
785:
780:
776:
763:
759:
755:Drandaki, 39–41
754:
750:
745:
741:
736:
732:
727:
723:
718:
676:(then ruled by
634:
535:
417:Cambrai Madonna
386:Paolo Veneziano
340:in 1204 by the
321:Cambrai Madonna
312:
284:. Duquesnoy's
282:Rombaut Pauwels
267:
141:
139:Terms and scope
43:Italo-Byzantine
17:
12:
11:
5:
4576:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4465:Late modernism
4462:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4413:Genre painting
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4363:
4361:Ballets Russes
4358:
4353:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4344:Asemic writing
4336:
4334:History of art
4330:
4328:
4327:Related topics
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:Relational art
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4185:Hypermodernism
4182:
4181:
4180:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3926:
3924:Postminimalism
3921:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3801:Generative art
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3771:Conceptual art
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3668:Cybernetic art
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3656:Ultra-Lettrist
3653:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Arte Informale
3527:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3468:
3467:(1945–present)
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3396:Heroic realism
3393:
3392:
3391:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3330:Latin American
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3300:Group of Seven
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3270:
3265:
3263:Social realism
3260:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3246:November Group
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3169:Latin American
3164:Constructivism
3161:
3159:Crystal Cubism
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3088:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2869:
2864:
2862:Volcano School
2859:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2724:
2722:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2651:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2617:Norwich School
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2558:Fairy painting
2549:
2547:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Chilote School
2441:
2439:Casta painting
2431:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2415:Tipos del PaĂs
2412:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2303:Louis XV style
2300:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2196:
2191:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2105:Cologne School
2097:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1958:Italian school
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1940:Sienese School
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1850:Pre-Romanesque
1847:
1842:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1786:
1781:
1779:Donor portrait
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:Julio-Claudian
1685:
1680:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1637:Greco-Buddhist
1629:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1577:Protogeometric
1574:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1517:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1428:
1418:
1401:
1389:
1372:
1350:
1343:
1333:
1315:
1302:
1278:
1268:
1254:
1243:
1230:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1205:, 0754668975,
1186:
1173:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
985:
965:
956:
947:
938:
929:
916:
907:
894:
878:978-0520221314
861:
845:
836:
819:
810:
801:
792:
783:
774:
757:
748:
739:
730:
720:
719:
717:
714:
662:in forma greca
633:
630:
572:BatllĂł Majesty
534:
531:
484:post-Byzantine
346:panel painting
342:Fourth Crusade
311:
308:
266:
263:
204:Greek Orthodox
140:
137:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4575:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4533:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4398:Fantastic art
4396:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4366:Christian art
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:Skeuomorphism
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Massurrealism
4225:
4223:
4222:Lightpainting
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4205:Post-Internet
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4078:Grunge design
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:Retrofuturism
4031:
4029:
4028:Scratch video
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4013:Memphis Group
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:Telematic art
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Guerrilla art
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Endurance art
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:New media art
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Nanyang Style
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3498:Visionary art
3496:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Scuola Romana
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:Anthropophagy
3288:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3273:Functionalism
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3193:Neoplasticism
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3096:Cubo-Futurism
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3055:Ashcan School
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3023:Expressionism
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Mir iskusstva
3006:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2794:Boston School
2792:
2790:
2789:Hoosier Group
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2779:Impressionism
2777:
2775:
2774:Peredvizhniki
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:Beuron School
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2678:Munich School
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:Art borrowing
2475:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2427:Company style
2425:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:Neoclassicism
2325:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:Cretan School
2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2110:Danube school
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Orientalizing
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:Sub-Mycenaean
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:art movements
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:9781942130345
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1327:9780300124835
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1295:1-58839-114-0
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1208:
1204:
1203:9780754668978
1200:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1122:Panofsky, 118
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
988:
982:
978:
977:
969:
960:
951:
942:
933:
926:
920:
911:
904:
898:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
865:
859:
855:
849:
843:Keck, 147–148
840:
833:
829:
823:
814:
805:
796:
787:
778:
771:
767:
761:
752:
743:
734:
725:
721:
713:
710:
705:
702:
697:
695:
691:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:Cretan School
667:
663:
659:
658:maniera greca
654:
647:
643:
642:Virgo lactans
640:16th-century
638:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
496:
495:
494:acheiropoieta
489:
488:maniera greca
485:
480:
478:
474:
466:
462:
457:
453:
451:
446:
445:maniera greca
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
327:
323:
322:
316:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:
287:Saint Susanna
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:Maniera greca
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:pittura greca
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:maniera greca
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
150:
145:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:According to
109:
105:
103:
99:
98:Cretan School
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
79:
78:Maniera greca
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:Byzantine art
44:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
4553:Medieval art
4508:Trompe-l'Ĺ“il
4506:
4477:Outsider art
4430:Illustration
4386:Lutheran art
4376:Catholic art
4339:Abstract art
4309:Unilalianism
4272:Software art
4247:Neosymbolism
4237:Neo-futurism
4200:Internet art
4190:Hyperrealism
4043:Superfiction
3826:Photorealism
3694:Afrofuturism
3459:Contemporary
3435:Dimensionism
3418:Concrete art
3351:
3347:Precisionism
3197:
3144:Sosaku-hanga
3118:Productivism
3108:Metaphysical
3078:
3067:Proto-Cubism
2971:Secessionism
2933:Costumbrismo
2818:Aestheticism
2769:Hague School
2749:
2673:Academic art
2654:Costumbrismo
2622:Empire style
2459:Quito School
2454:Cusco School
2370:Colonial art
2331:
2319:FĂŞte galante
2317:
2286:18th century
2248:Delft School
2199:Caravaggisti
2177:17th century
2062:
2019:Quattrocento
2009:
1967:
1890:
1827:
1793:
1723:Late antique
1607:Severe style
1597:Black-figure
1484:Contemporary
1435:
1431:
1421:
1407:
1393:
1378:
1370:google books
1357:
1341:google books
1336:
1331:google books
1318:
1305:
1285:
1271:
1257:
1246:
1241:google books
1236:
1222:
1207:google books
1194:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1140:Bacci, 75–90
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1008:Steer, 15–22
1004:
995:
975:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
919:
910:
897:
890:google books
869:
864:
858:google books
853:
848:
839:
832:Khan Academy
822:
817:Christiansen
813:
804:
795:
790:Bacci, 78–79
786:
777:
760:
751:
742:
737:Drandaki, 41
733:
728:Christiansen
724:
706:
700:
698:
686:
681:
665:
661:
657:
655:
651:
645:
611:
598:, including
584:
582:painting.
555:
551:rood crosses
536:
507:Pope Paul II
500:
492:
487:
481:
472:
469:
459:1260s, from
449:
444:
442:
415:
413:
394:
358:
335:
319:
285:
269:
268:
258:
250:
246:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:Variants of
216:
197:
153:
129:Berlinghiero
114:
91:
87:style in art
77:
76:
75:
42:
41:
28:Berlinghiero
23:
4393:Digital art
4356:Avant-garde
4297:Superstroke
4173:Flat design
4168:Fictive art
4163:Excessivism
4111:Art for art
4106:Altermodern
4048:Taring Padi
3983:Lowbrow art
3951:Pliontanism
3888:Yoru no Kai
3841:Process art
3781:Systems art
3751:Arte Povera
3673:Antipodeans
3582:in New York
3552:Jikken KĹŤbĹŤ
3515:Color field
3384:Regionalism
3353:Aeropittura
3342:Neo-Fauvism
3315:Neues Sehen
3285:Kinetic art
3149:Suprematism
3123:Synchromism
3040:Noucentisme
2961:Primitivism
2949:Art Nouveau
2904:Cloisonnism
2894:Pointillism
2889:Divisionism
2867:Incoherents
2828:Art pottery
2714:(1863–1944)
2664:Macchiaioli
2639:Biedermeier
2627:Historicism
2612:Orientalism
2553:Romanticism
2524:Akita ranga
2376:Art of the
2361:Picturesque
2313:Chinoiserie
2308:Frederician
2146:Tudor court
2041:Cinquecento
1982:Renaissance
1969:Mappa mundi
1953:cartography
1845:Carolingian
1840:Merovingian
1823:Palaeologan
1795:RepoblaciĂłn
1752:Anglo-Saxon
1683:Gallo-Roman
1622:Hellenistic
1617:Kerch style
1555:Minyan ware
1404:Steer, John
690:Virgin Mary
682:alla latina
511:micromosaic
430:Virgin Mary
380:were rare;
370:altarpieces
361:reliquaries
59:gold ground
32:gold ground
4547:Categories
4440:Jewish art
4252:Passionism
4212:iPhone art
4158:Cyborg art
4153:Crypto art
4126:Brandalism
4018:Cyberdelic
3883:Tropicália
3856:Street art
3811:Intermedia
3791:Minimalism
3510:Spatialism
3464:Postmodern
3320:Surrealism
3188:Shin-hanga
3028:Die BrĂĽcke
2996:Sonderbund
2909:Synthetism
2632:Revivalism
2541:Transition
2498:Manichaean
2344:Adam style
2265:Classicism
2204:in Utrecht
2132:Still life
1862:Romanesque
1818:Macedonian
1813:Iconoclast
1772:Visigothic
1678:Republican
1632:Indo-Greek
1602:Red-figure
1438:in 2019),
1416:0500201013
1387:0064300269
1266:0300064934
1216:References
936:Lingo, 1–3
768:; Vasari,
666:alla greca
624:in Lucca.
560:Gero Cross
547:crucifixes
473:alla greca
450:alla greca
390:Gothic art
290:(1633) in
231:grechescha
227:more greco
223:alla greca
117:John Steer
4502:Shock art
4492:Queer art
4472:NaĂŻve art
4455:Modernism
4287:Superflat
4277:Sound art
4257:Post-YBAs
4242:Neomodern
4083:Verdadism
4053:Superflat
3902:1970–1999
3866:in the US
3786:Video art
3709:Happening
3682:1960–1969
3474:1945–1959
3137:1915–1944
3128:Vorticism
3080:A Nyolcak
2942:1900–1914
2914:Les Nabis
2845:Symbolism
2801:Amsterdam
2751:Japonisme
2721:1863–1899
2683:in Greece
2543:to modern
2388:Caribbean
2333:Goût grec
2255:Capriccio
2209:Tenebrism
2158:Turquerie
2056:Mannerism
1951:Medieval
1808:Byzantine
1789:Mozarabic
1740:Ethiopian
1644:Neo-Attic
1627:"Baroque"
1612:Classical
1582:Geometric
1560:Mycenaean
1507:(Western)
1505:Premodern
1476:Premodern
1436:Religions
1149:Bacci, 85
799:Steer, 11
701:Madonneri
613:Navicella
374:polyptych
332:, France.
239:Heraklion
193:Byzantium
4532:Category
4482:Portrait
4403:Folk art
4351:Anti-art
4282:Stuckism
4195:Idea art
4116:Art game
4068:Artivism
3956:Punk art
3934:Sots Art
3919:Artscene
3776:Land art
3714:Neo-Dada
3646:Lettrism
3540:Nuagisme
3525:Tachisme
3406:Nazi art
3199:De Stijl
3113:Rayonism
3103:Art Deco
3091:Futurism
2882:Luminism
2850:Romanian
2835:Tonalism
2806:Canadian
2784:American
2690:Neo-Grec
2298:Rocaille
2127:Romanism
2061:Counter-
1995:Trecento
1935:Duecento
1925:Crusades
1857:Ottonian
1835:Frankish
1715:Medieval
1698:Trajanic
1658:Scythian
1653:Etruscan
1545:Cycladic
1523:Thracian
886:45958231
709:El Greco
616:outside
179:such as
177:revivals
165:Torcello
125:Florence
102:Dalmatia
4497:Realism
4094:present
3821:Nut Art
3624:Pop art
3562:Mono-ha
3430:The Ten
3379:Kapists
3325:Iranian
3278:Bauhaus
3072:Orphism
3018:Fauvism
2855:Russian
2745:Nihonga
2659:Verismo
2644:Realism
2578:Purismo
2491:Moorish
2486:Islamic
2393:Haitian
2184:Baroque
2063:Maniera
1947:Mudéjar
1872:Spanish
1784:Pictish
1767:Lombard
1762:Insular
1703:Severan
1668:Gaulish
1663:Iberian
1592:Archaic
1535:Nuragic
1515:Ancient
1498:periods
1283:(ed.),
608:mosaics
600:Cimabue
564:Cologne
543:frescos
397:Cimabue
326:Tempera
310:History
304:Bernini
67:Cimabue
65:, when
4445:Kitsch
4304:Toyism
3796:Fluxus
3726:Op art
3295:Mingei
3229:Stupid
3207:Purism
3062:Cubism
2711:Modern
2503:Mughal
2293:Rococo
1898:Gothic
1879:Norman
1803:Viking
1757:Hunnic
1735:Coptic
1550:Minoan
1540:Aegean
1528:Dacian
1480:Modern
1440:online
1426:online
1414:
1385:
1364:
1347:online
1325:
1293:
1276:online
1264:
1253:, 2011
1201:
983:
925:Art UK
884:
876:
694:Greece
678:Venice
626:Duccio
604:Giotto
580:Tuscan
556:corpus
409:Giotto
401:Duccio
382:mosaic
378:fresco
173:Murano
171:) and
83:Vasari
71:Giotto
4092:2000–
3535:COBRA
2529:Uki-e
2519:Japan
2508:Qajar
1867:Mosan
1673:Roman
1567:Greek
1312:JSTOR
1227:JSTOR
716:Notes
674:Crete
405:Siena
366:altar
243:Crete
133:Lucca
94:Crete
4381:Icon
3704:ZERO
3462:and
3359:Asso
3183:Dada
2740:YĹŤga
1482:and
1412:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1323:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1199:ISBN
981:ISBN
882:OCLC
874:ISBN
660:(or
602:and
549:for
461:Pisa
443:The
422:Pisa
414:The
318:The
249:and
233:and
183:and
69:and
51:icon
403:in
131:of
123:in
4549::
1478:,
1406:,
1377:,
1368:,
1356:,
1329:,
1038:,
888:,
880:,
830:,
664:,
541:,
306:.
229:,
225:,
195:.
34:,
26:,
1496:/
1468:e
1461:t
1454:v
1301:)
989:.
562:(
167:(
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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