812:
hearing school" ( p. 227). However, law no. 517/1977 guarantees parents the freedom to choose to which school they send their children, be it public schools together with hearing children or to schools specifically for the deaf (Corazza 1991). In total 25 deaf schools exist in Italy, offering various different teaching methods, depending on the school: sign language, oral and bilingual education. However, it seems that more parents are starting to favor bilingual education: "In Italy, increasing numbers of families are choosing a bilingual education for their deaf child (LIS and
Italian)" ( p. 28).
2667:
831:) was founded in 1932 and became a full member of the European Union of the Deaf in 1985. Objectives of this not-for-profit foundation include promoting social inclusion, protecting their moral, civil, cultural and economic rights and promoting their dignity and full autonomy in all matters of life. The president and all six board members are deaf, though the only staff member, the executive director, is hearing. The foundation estimates that about 60,000 deaf live in Italy of which 32,000 are member of the foundation.
773:
foundation aimed at improving the living conditions of the deaf and deaf-blind offers a bilingual dictionary with both written
Italian and visual depiction of signs in book form. Another notable example is an online electronic dictionary where the meanings of all the signs are both written down in Italian and signed in LIS using video. This particular dictionary is a project of the European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano, an independent research institute with linguistic research as one of its five main goals.
781:
Occitan, Sardinian and
Slovene. Also, Italy signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2000, although it has not as yet ratified it and it is also not clear which specific languages Italy considers for inclusion in the ratification. Nevertheless, the Italian state has indirectly recognized LIS in acts and laws. For example, there are two laws (no. 104/92 and no. 17/99) in which sign language and sign language users are indirectly referred to ( p. 3, 19).
731:"). The headings of the first chapter are very indicative of his attitude towards the deaf: "1. the deaf-mute, though speechless, use their reason, 2. they have a language, 3. what does it consist of, and 4. the necessity of learning the language of the deaf for instructing them". This culminates in writings of that period left by deaf authors and various references to deaf. In particular, it seems that deaf were involved themselves in education for the deaf.
1393:
2291:
816:
has somewhat been supported by the national government or local government agencies. Moreover, it is now promoted by the government to place more than one deaf child in any mainstream classroom. Moreover, law no. 17 of 28/01/1999 guarantees funding for LIS competent tutors at
Universities. Finally, law no. 104/92 provides for the presence of LIS interpreters, though the source does not specify under what conditions (
6504:
698:
St. Benedict in 529 CE in a town near Naples. In fact, the first recorded signs of this language date back to the 11th century. Interestingly, Benedictines also struggled with maintaining an 'official' set of signs for all
Benedictines and with the continued arising of "unofficial" signs in the separate monasteries. (
777:
grammar" ( p. 1). That is not to say, however, that academics are generally passive in the study of LIS. Porcari and
Volterra published an extensive overview of academic literature related to LIS covering all possible fields from history to psychology, revealing an active role of the academic world.
846:
Finally, the status of the signing community is also related to the extent to which deaf are involved in research on deafness and their own community. In a 2001 study on the educational development of preschoolers in a footnote it is mentioned that "A key element of the project was the involvement of
834:
On the strength of the community the
Italian National Association of the Deaf reports the following facts. The foundation proposed draft bills to the government to recognize LIS as an official language and this was actually pre-approved by the Council of Ministers, but it was later suspended due to a
704:
The first
Italian school for the deaf was founded by Tommaso Silvestri in the late 18th century. His teaching used a signing or manualist method inspired by the teaching practices of the famous Parisian educator of the deaf AbbĂ© de l'ĂpĂ©e. Tommaso Silvestri had traveled to France and had seen the use
221:
Some features of LIS are typical of sign languages in general, e.g. agreement between nouns, adjectives and verbs is not based on gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) but it is based on place, that is the spatial position in which the sign is performed: nouns can be placed everywhere in the space but
815:
This call seems to have been quite successful. True bilingual education programs for the deaf were set up in various cities (at least one in Turin, Genoa and Rome) in cooperation with deaf teachers. Moreover, placing LIS competent and often deaf classroom assistants in nursery and elementary schools
803:
There are three possible approaches education policy for students with 'special' education needs: firstly, a one-track approach where it is attempted to include all pupils within mainstream education, secondly, a multi-track approach where mainstream and special needs education systems exist next to
697:
The first
Italian teacher of deaf pupils was Pedro Ponce de LeĂłn (1520-1584 CE), a Benedictine monk. This was likely related to Benedictines their long tradition of holding silence and using signs to communicate. This was a tradition possibly dating back to the establishment of the vow of silence by
749:
Two factors have been proposed to explain the enormous influence and success of the Milan
Conference in establishing the oral method. Firstly, German 'science' and thinking was very influential for Italy at this period in time and the oralist method was more established in German history. Secondly,
681:
The Romans, along with most of Europe, inherited from Greece the notion that thought corresponds with the spoken word and thereby believed that deaf-mute individuals possessed lower intelligence and ability to reason. The first time that deafness was officially recognized in law and different types
693:
p. 240). This more positive look at deafness was continued with the onset of the Renaissance. The invention of the printing press and, hence, the widespread availability of books stimulated general interest in education practices and this entailed several positive developments for the deaf. (
842:
However, there is still today a very popular view that sign language is not a full language. Some believe LIS is absolutely necessary to develop deaf children's full intelligence and potential, while others believe that being able to write and speak Italian is key for children to develop fully (,
784:
There is, however, an official qualification awarded by the Ministry for Public Instruction for Support Teachers for teachers of LIS. Teachers qualify if they have a certain degree of knowledge of LIS (as set down in law no. 104/92). These communication assistants have to facilitate communication
741:
In the period after the Conference of Milan, there is no longer any mention of a "language" of the deaf. Rather, the focus shifts to teaching the spoken word and, specifically, the national language. By 1920 the program of education was still firmly oral. Nevertheless, various Associations of the
838:
Furthermore, the activities of several other parties for the Deaf are notable. Firstly, a website offering an encyclopedic service, comparable to Knowledge the đ, based on LIS video lectures is available. Although somewhat outdated due to the rising popularity of mobile phones, a text-to-speech
791:
In April 2003, the Council of Europe encouraged the 45 member states to improve the position of sign languages in television broadcasting and to stimulate the subtitling of television programs. In Italy this has resulted in the closed captioning of two national television programs and that daily
780:
Until 2021, LIS was not officially recognized ( p. 1) even though the state of Italy has a tradition of recognizing minority languages. In 1999 the following minority languages were officially recognized: Albanian, Catalan, German, Greek, Croatian, French, Franco-Provençal, Friulian, Ladin,
772:
Often a first step in the official recognition of a language is the formalization of a grammar and a lexicon, the latter in the form of a dictionary. It is unclear when the first full LIS dictionary was produced, but at least by now various LIS dictionaries exist. For example, one not-for-profit
807:
As noted earlier, the recent trend in Italy, in line with the trend in the European Union, is the first approach â to include deaf students in mainstream schools. In Italy this is facilitated by providing teacher with supplementary materials and training. Relatively speaking, Italy started much
811:
However, learning LIS is generally not part of following mainstream education, but is only offered by private or state-owned schools specifically for the Deaf. "No opportunity is granted to the Deaf to learn Italian Sign Language, or especially to know other Deaf persons, while they attend the
776:
The formalization and recognition of an official grammar is, nevertheless, somewhat more problematic. Even today, people usually consider LIS "a 'grammarless' language," necessitating a scholar to write his dissertation in 2006 with the aim "to provide evidence that LIS . . . does have its own
685:
During the Middle Ages, these legal rights were severely restricted because the deaf could not serve feudal lords their military interests. The restrictions the deaf faced included losing the right to inheritance, to celebrate mass and to marry ( p. 239). Furthermore, two medical theories
835:
political crisis. Moreover, two main sign language interpreter associations, ANIOS and ANIMU, co-exist in Italy that offer 82 and 200 interpreters, respectively. Furthermore, there are 103 provincial and 19 regional deaf clubs and there is a separate youth section within the foundation.
682:
of deafness were differentiated, including distinguishing it from muteness, occurred under Emperor Justinian (527-565 CE). This provided at least some deaf for the first time with legal rights, though these deaf most likely concerned those deafened postlingually ( p. 238-9).
686:
regarding deafness were common throughout the Middle Ages. One idea was that muteness was a defect of the tongue, to be cured by healing the tongue. Another idea was that the ability to hear was related to the mouth via a tube in the ear, to be cured by shouting in the mouth.
226:, rather than involving forms like "he, she". The voice intonation is replaced by facial expressions which mark interrogative sentences, imperatives and relative clauses. Other features of Italian Sign Language which can be found also in oral languages are: classifiers;
760:
At the end of the 20th century, mainstreaming became very influential. Mainstreaming is trying to give deaf the same education as hearing by placing them in the same type of schools. This entailed that separate deaf education deteriorated to some extent.
982:
Radutzky, Elena (1993) "The Education of Deaf People in Italy and the use of Italian Sign Language" Chapter 14 in John Vickrey Van Cleve (ed.) (1993) "Deaf history unveiled: interpretations from the new scholarship" Washington: Gallaudet University
182:
in the 1960s. Until the beginning of the 21st century, most studies of Italian Sign Language dealt with its phonology and vocabulary. According to the European Union for the Deaf, the majority of the 60,000â90,000 Deaf people in Italy use LIS.
843:
228). Those who became deaf or hard of hearing at a later age often promote the hybrid communication where signing is only serves to sign the spoken language. Such languages are Sign Supported Italian and Exact Signed Italian ( p. 50-1).
1272:
Pizutto, Elena, Barbara Ardito, Maria Cristina Caselli and Virginia Volterra "Cognition and Language in Italian Deaf Preschoolers of Deaf and Hearing Families" Chapter 5 in Clark, Diane M, Marc Marschark and Michael A. Karchmer (eds.) (2001)
6857:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
715:("the language of gestures"). That is, the use of the term "language" to describe deaf their means of communication reveals the respectable status sign language was given at this time. For example, in 1857, Ciro Marzullo wrote
1195:
Fischer, Renate and Harlan L. Lane (1993) "Looking Back: A Reader on the History of Deaf communities and their Sign Languages" Volume 20 of the International studies on sign language and the communication of the deaf, Signum
804:
each other with an attempt to link the two and, thirdly, a two-track approach where two distinct education systems exist and in which pupils with special educational needs are placed in special schools ( p. 24-5).
742:
Deaf were founded and the leaders of these organizations were usually deaf themselves. One of the few references to 'signing' in this period concern a reference to the Swedish mimicking language or mimicking method (
1083:"Dizionario elettronico di base bilingue Lingua Italiana dei Segni" (Electronic dictionary based on bilingual Italian Sign Language) (2006), Istituto di Comunicazione Specialistica e Plurilinguismo EURAC Research
959:
Checchetto, Alessandra, Carlo Geraci, Carlo Cecchetto, and Sandro Zucchi. "The language instinct in extreme circumstances: The transition to tactile Italian Sign Language (LISt) by Deafblind signers." (2018):
689:
The first Italian text mentioning deaf people's ability to reason and to use their intellect, through signing or other means, was of the legal advisor Bartolo della marca c'Ancona early in the 14th century
723:"), a textbook describing and illustrating various signs which can aid to learn written languages and parts of speech. Moreover, in 1885, D. Gaminiano Borasari, an instructor of deaf-mute in Modena, wrote
1038:
757:-1870) entailed nationalism and a single language was deemed as key to uniformity ( p. 237-8). For the role of language in national education see in particular Branson and Miller ( p. 5).
1122:
Brunelli, Michele (2006) "The Grammar of Italian Sign Language, With a Study About its Restrictive Relative Clauses" Unpublished Master's Thesis, Venezia: UniversitĂ Ca' Foscari.
738:
was held in 1880. At the conference 164 education delegates â all hearing bar one â declared the oral method as a superior means of instructing the deaf over the manual method.
5798:
1351:(in Italian) This is the leading website listing of Italian publications for learning, teaching or perfecting Italian Sign Language, edited by the Mason Perkins Deafness Fund.
1024:
Branson, Jan and Don Miller (1998) "Nationalism and the linguistic rights of Deaf communities: Linguistic imperialism and the recognition and development of sign languages,"
827:
An important marker for the status of a signing community is the existence and viability of a national association for the deaf. An Italian National Association of the Deaf (
5855:
4406:
734:
Notable is that only one historical deaf school was founded by a deaf person. This is notable particularly for its location, Milan, because this is where the infamous
5607:
4366:
5341:
4271:
4263:
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5641:
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1144:"Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche" (Rules on protection of historical linguistic minorities) (1999), Italian parliament
2820:
2795:
2655:
2633:
222:
their position must be consistent with that of pronouns and verbs. The LIS translation of the sentence "The child speaks to the mother" appears as
6774:
808:
earlier with developing and implementing inclusive policies than most other countries, resulting in a relatively mature program ( p. 24-5).
4058:
6764:
5948:
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native LIS signers, deaf colleagues, and LIS interpreters at almost all stages in the planning and execution of the research" ( p. 49).
1338:
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3011:
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1436:
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p. 243). In 1793, Tommaso Silvestri wrote that signs stimulate the intelligence of the deaf and should be adopted in education.
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between deaf students, their classmates and teachers and is part of a broader European project to better the position of the deaf (
6672:
6569:
2788:
2648:
1131:
Porcari, Giulia and Virginia Volterra (2006) "Bibliografia ragionata dei lavori relativialla Lingua dei Segni Italiana (LIS)"
191:
Like many sign languages, LIS is in some ways different from its "spoken neighbor"; thus, it has little in common with spoken
3311:
2098:
1158:
1585:
6917:
2846:
241:. Laura Fedeli has described sociolinguistic features of LIS, including differences in use by gender. There are also some
6814:
6221:
3425:
2621:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
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1637:
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1374:
322:
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Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
1292:
Italian Sign Language from a Cognitive and Socio-semiotic Perspective: Implications for a general language theory.
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5063:
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both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
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which combines LIS lexicon with the grammar of spoken Italian: this is not Italian Sign Language, however.
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Timmermans, Nina (2003) "A comparative analysis of the status of sign languages in Europe" Strasbourg.
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1312:
234:, quattrial and even quinquial forms in addition to the general plural; verbs inflected for person.
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http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheSig.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=&CL=ENG
938:"Slang Terms in Italian Sign Language (LIS): a Sociolinguistic perspective", master thesis
877:
Pizzuto, Elena; Corazza, Serena (1996). "Noun morphology in Italian Sign Language (LIS)".
746:), but this does not come close to the sign language referred to by Borasari or Marzullo.
8:
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In Italian texts of this time, the signing used by the deaf was always referred to as
126:
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2513:
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2311:
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237:
The most detailed analysis of a part of the grammar of LIS is by Chiara Branchini,
192:
151:
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64:
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2041:
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1503:
1444:
1157:
Council of Europe (2011) "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"
175:
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1063:
Mason Perkins Deafness Fund ONLUS (2010) "Mason Perkins Deafness Fund ONLUS"
242:
163:
1290:
Volterra, Virginia, Maria Roccaforte, Alessio Di Renzo, and Sabina Fontana.
1244:
6584:
6529:
2736:
2731:
2685:
2593:
2368:
2296:
1570:
1039:"It is a historic day: the Republic recognizes the Italian Sign Language!"
109:
100:
6718:
6488:
2666:
2601:
1464:
45:
1305:"Signs as Words", an introductory website on Italian deaf people and ISL
1007:
Corazza, Serena (1991) "La lingua dei Segni nell'educazione dei Sordi,"
839:
telephone service is still available in most parts of Italy as of 2011.
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6473:
5816:
5625:
5034:
4508:
3449:
1911:
1648:
41:
946:
725:
Principi generali dell'istruzione del Sordo-Muto nella lingua italiana
6359:
6328:
6184:
5620:
1688:
1348:
1211:
903:
119:
93:
1257:
923:
On Relativization and Clefting: An Analysis of Italian Sign Language
239:
On Relativization and Clefting: An Analysis of Italian Sign Language
6539:
6498:
6349:
6103:
2018:
1148:
accessed 3 May 2011: Law 15 December 1999, n. 482, Art. 2, comma 1.
936:
6174:
2548:
2064:
1619:
1604:
2773:
1084:
6803:
5888:
3160:
3148:
1906:
1319:
Il primo Dizionario elettronico di base bilingue LIS-italiano (
1392:
1256:
MondoENS (2011) "Servizio Ponte Telefonico Regione Piemonte"
174:. Deep analysis of it began in the 1980s, along the lines of
171:
37:
1320:
729:
A Guide to the teaching of Italian language to the deaf-mute
214:
A sign variety of spoken Italian also exists, the so-called
6503:
6493:
167:
829:
Ente Nazionale per la protezione e l'assistenza dei Sordi
186:
1309:
1243:
LISwiki Enciclopedia (2011) "LISwiki, Enciclopedia LIS"
1333:
1107:
203:; it has inclusive and exclusive pronominal forms like
1064:
1013:
http://www.storiadeisordi.it/articolo.asp?ENTRY_ID=438
6760:
Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada
2286:
676:
769:On May 19, 2021, Italy officially recognized LIS.
6904:
2319:
1146:http://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm
1133:http://www.istc.cnr.it/mostralis/docs/biblis.pdf
199:oral languages (e.g. it is verb final, like the
6775:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
876:
792:three news segments are interpreted with LIS (
6765:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
2789:
2649:
2232:
1375:
4823:
2839:
2458:
2796:
2782:
2656:
2642:
1382:
1368:
1210:European Union of the Deaf (2011) "Italy"
207:; interrogative particles are verb final (
1277:. Washington: Gallaudet University Press.
1245:http://www.dizlis.it/wordpress/tag/icare3
764:
1715:
6570:Manually coded language in South Africa
2196:
1234:<www.issr.it> accessed 4 May 2011
224:Child-here mother-there this-speak-that
6905:
1284:
934:
187:Language structure and language family
4822:
2838:
2777:
2637:
1363:
1268:
1266:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1191:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1118:
1116:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
639:
637:
630:
628:
621:
619:
612:
610:
603:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
567:
565:
563:
561:
547:
545:
543:
541:
535:
533:
531:
525:
515:
513:
506:
504:
502:
496:
494:
492:
490:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
469:
467:
465:
459:
337:
331:
329:
327:
316:
314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
304:
302:
300:
298:
296:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
274:
272:
270:
268:
266:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
822:
744:linguaggio mimico o di metodo mimico
195:, but shares some features with non-
6881:
6872:
6850:
3607:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
13:
4920:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
4534:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
1558:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
1263:
1212:http://www.eud.eu/Italy-i-187.html
1199:
1186:
1164:
1113:
1011:, Siena:Istituto Tommaso Pendola.
941:. UniversitĂ Ca' Foscari Venezia.
705:of the signing method first hand (
14:
6939:
2803:
1298:
1258:http://www.mondoens.it/veneto.htm
1105:European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano
986:
963:
6502:
6293:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
2665:
2289:
1408:Historical linguistic minorities
1391:
1275:Context, cognition, and deafness
677:History of LIS and LIS education
6883:
6874:
6852:
6820:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
5904:Far North Queensland Indigenous
4526:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
2615:
1250:
1237:
1224:
1151:
1138:
1125:
1097:
1077:
1057:
6641:Bilingualâbicultural education
5961:Western Torres Strait Islander
5035:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
3012:Western Torres Strait Islander
1232:Istituto Statale Sordi di Roma
1103:EURAC (2011) "EURAC Research"
1031:
1018:
953:
928:
915:
897:
870:
859: â Part of Italian speech
508:Austro-Hungarian Sign Language
1:
5713:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
4861:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
4723:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
4472:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
3979:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
1085:http://elisdiz.eurac.edu/diz/
863:
751:
721:The grammar for the deaf-dumb
113: â Swiss-Italian SL
4299:Providence Island (Provisle)
3949:North West Frontier Province
935:Fedeli, Laura (2016-03-02).
891:10.1016/0024-3841(95)00037-2
798:
717:La grammatica pei sordo-muti
623:French Belgian Sign Language
7:
6918:French Sign Language family
5899:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
1344:Mason Perkins Deafness Fund
1026:Journal of Sociolinguistics
850:
256:French Sign Language family
245:in Italy who use a form of
140:Swiss-Italian Sign Language
10:
6944:
6770:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
5979:HawaiÊ»an (Haoilona Ê»Ćlelo)
5909:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
4695:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
4549:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
3969:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
3363:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
2155:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1638:Central-Southern Calabrian
921:Branchini, Chiara. 2014.
6848:
6783:
6752:
6681:
6658:
6633:
6548:
6525:
6514:
6466:
6368:
6306:
6235:
6197:
6162:
6046:
6015:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
5878:
5588:
5273:
4964:
4829:
4815:
4756:
4454:HawaiÊ»i (Hoailona Ê»Ćlelo)
4312:
4287:
4264:Ktunaxa (ÊŸa·qanⱥiⱥⱥitnam)
4248:
4231:
4112:
4103:
4085:
4057:
4021:
3987:
3959:
3913:
3885:
3848:
3812:
3791:
3770:
3749:
3728:
3694:
3671:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
3653:
3644:
3614:
3597:
3580:
3541:
3517:
3435:
3424:
3348:
3339:
3310:
3297:
3288:
3253:
3211:
3166:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
3156:
3147:
3117:
3088:
3075:
3066:
3033:
3024:
2999:
2971:
2845:
2829:
2821:List by number of signers
2811:
2745:
2709:
2678:
2561:
2531:
2494:
2485:
2449:
2412:
2359:
2350:
2310:
2306:
2284:
2223:
2187:
2145:
2097:
1968:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
1920:
1877:
1868:
1832:
1814:
1805:
1769:
1751:
1742:
1706:
1674:
1628:
1556:
1520:
1502:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1404:
1339:The Grammar of LIS (.PDF)
1321:http://elis.eurac.edu/diz
750:the Italian unification (
597:
589:
587:
571:
569:
559:
539:
537:
529:
527:
519:
517:
500:
498:
473:
471:
463:
461:
453:
451:
449:
443:
441:
439:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
405:
403:
401:
393:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
371:
369:
367:
365:
359:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
347:
345:
343:
290:
288:
156:Lingua dei segni italiana
133:
117:
91:
86:
61:
51:
33:
28:Lingua dei Segni Italiana
26:
21:
6923:Languages of Switzerland
6580:Paget Gorman Sign System
6034:Samoa and American Samoa
4824:Sign languages by region
4609:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
4335:Albarradas Sign Language
4325:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
4158:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
4010:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
3974:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
3226:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
2840:Sign languages by family
2672:Languages of Switzerland
857:Gesticulation in Italian
318:Old French Sign Language
6928:Languages of San Marino
6825:Monastic sign languages
6673:Television shows (list)
6646:Manually coded language
6479:Hamburg Notation System
4272:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
3518:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
3241:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
3178:Northern Ireland (NISL)
1528:Central-Northern Latian
1349:"Collana Cultura Sorda"
1294:(2022). John Benjamins.
6796:CHCI chimpanzee center
6565:Manually coded English
6263:Henniker Sign Language
5929:Warumungu (Warramunga)
5914:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
4908:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
2816:List of sign languages
2160:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1952:Bustocco and Legnanese
1009:L'Educazione dei Sordi
765:Official status of LIS
605:American Sign Language
180:American Sign Language
155:
16:Sign language of Italy
6620:Signing Exact English
6560:Indian Signing System
6283:Plateau Sign Language
5657:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
5234:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
4764:Amami Shuwa languages
4437:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
4377:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
4356:Caucasian (Harsneren)
4304:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
3832:Norwegian (TegnsprÄk)
3804:French Belgian (LSFB)
3236:Swedish (TeckensprÄk)
2583:Italian Sign Language
2532:Other German dialects
1675:Other Italo-Dalmatian
1310:http://elis.eurac.edu
658:Italian Sign Language
632:Flemish Sign Language
485:Belgian Sign Language
247:tactile sign language
148:Italian Sign Language
78:Italian Sign Language
22:Italian Sign Language
6868:French Sign Language
6575:Manually Coded Malay
6383:British (two-handed)
6319:Bimodal bilingualism
5949:Far North Queensland
5257:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
4779:Sri Lankan languages
4710:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
4614:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
4125:Chaticks si Chaticks
4105:Plains Sign Language
4023:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
3525:Indonesian (Bisindo)
3203:South African (SASL)
2926:Far North Queensland
2710:Major dialect groups
2035:Southwestern Lombard
1260:accessed 3 May 2011.
1247:accessed 4 May 2011.
1221:accessed 3 May 2011.
1161:accessed 3 May 2011.
1135:accessed 3 May 2011.
1110:accessed 4 May 2011.
1108:http://www.eurac.edu
1094:accessed 1 May 2011.
1074:accessed 1 May 2011.
1015:accessed 2 May 2011.
614:French Sign Language
4790:Tanzanian languages
4769:Ethiopian languages
4736:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
3827:Icelandic (TĂĄknmĂĄl)
3542:Francophone African
3500:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
3358:Swiss-German (DSGS)
3289:Chilean-Paraguayan-
2335:Vaccarizzo Albanian
1285:Relevant Literature
1230:"Chi Siamo" (2011)
1065:http://www.mpdf.it/
925:Berlin: De Gruyter.
736:Conference of Milan
713:la lingua dei gesti
641:Dutch Sign Language
6913:Languages of Italy
6791:Baby sign language
6689:Jabbar Baghtcheban
6170:International Sign
6073:Brazilian (Libras)
5987:New Zealand (NZSL)
5934:Mudbura (Mudburra)
5862:Sandy River Valley
5841:Keresan (Keresign)
5432:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
4803:International Sign
4784:Sudanese languages
4407:Navajo/Diné Family
4221:WĂyut'a / WĂblut'e
4059:Original Thai Sign
3837:Danish (Tegnsprog)
3380:Brazilian (Libras)
3193:New Zealand (NZSL)
2679:Official languages
2170:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2146:Other Gallo-Italic
1398:Languages of Italy
1326:2021-04-16 at the
1315:2021-01-18 at the
1217:2011-07-20 at the
1090:2009-03-25 at the
1070:2006-11-10 at the
909:2011-07-20 at the
57:40,000 (2013)
6900:
6899:
6893:extinct languages
6815:Legal recognition
6694:Jeanette Berglind
6654:
6653:
6355:Nonmanual feature
6268:Martha's Vineyard
6193:
6192:
5847:Martha's Vineyard
5342:Faroese (TeknmĂĄl)
5064:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
4874:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
4811:
4810:
4796:Zimsign languages
4774:Laotian languages
4658:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
4417:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
4362:Azerbaijani (AÄ°D)
4283:
4282:
3881:
3880:
3724:
3723:
3640:
3639:
3630:Cypriot (ÎÎÎ/KNG)
3335:
3334:
3263:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
3249:
3248:
3143:
3142:
3113:
3112:
3020:
3019:
2875:Eltye eltyarrenke
2855:
2854:multiple families
2771:
2770:
2753:Swiss-German Sign
2631:
2630:
2610:
2609:
2557:
2556:
2514:Southern Bavarian
2481:
2480:
2445:
2444:
2437:Triestine Serbian
2346:
2345:
2321:Arbëresh language
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2219:
2218:
2183:
2182:
1936:Brianzöö dialects
1864:
1863:
1801:
1800:
1738:
1737:
1702:
1701:
823:Signing community
671:
670:
667:
666:
661:(c. 1830âpresent)
644:(c. 1790âpresent)
635:(c. 1970âpresent)
626:(c. 1970âpresent)
617:(c. 1790âpresent)
608:(c. 1820âpresent)
205:oceanic languages
145:
144:
6935:
6887:
6878:
6856:
6744:Pierre PĂ©lissier
6729:Thomas Gallaudet
6704:Thomas Braidwood
6535:Initialized sign
6523:
6522:
6506:
5991:Papua New Guinea
5894:Australian-Irish
5600:Plains Sign Talk
5480:Northern Ireland
5476:Northern Ireland
4999:Hong Kong (HKSL)
4820:
4819:
4599:Nicaraguan (ISN)
4514:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
4330:Albanian (AlbSL)
4110:
4109:
3924:Bangalore-Madras
3905:Israeli (Shassi)
3873:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
3783:Honduran (LESHO)
3651:
3650:
3509:Singapore (SgSL)
3445:Black ASL (BASL)
3433:
3432:
3373:Australian-Irish
3346:
3345:
3295:
3294:
3271:Hong Kong (HKSL)
3231:Portuguese (LGP)
3221:Eritrean (EriSL)
3154:
3153:
3073:
3072:
3031:
3030:
2969:
2968:
2853:
2836:
2835:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2670:
2669:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2619:
2596:
2577:
2522:
2492:
2491:
2456:
2455:
2357:
2356:
2337:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2230:
2229:
2194:
2193:
2136:
2122:
2115:
2099:EmilianâRomagnol
2088:
2081:
2067:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1954:
1945:
1938:
1875:
1874:
1855:
1834:Franco-Provençal
1812:
1811:
1787:
1749:
1748:
1744:Occitano-Romance
1713:
1712:
1665:
1651:
1630:Extreme Southern
1599:
1494:Regional Italian
1482:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1429:Franco-Provençal
1396:
1395:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1278:
1270:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1208:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1181:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1111:
1101:
1095:
1081:
1075:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1045:on 13 April 2022
1041:. Archived from
1035:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1005:
984:
980:
961:
957:
951:
950:
932:
926:
919:
913:
901:
895:
894:
885:(1â3): 169â196.
874:
788:p. 30-31).
756:
753:
264:
263:
252:
251:
129:
112:
106:Individual code:
104:â inclusive code
103:
96:
67:
19:
18:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6844:
6830:Tactile signing
6779:
6748:
6677:
6650:
6629:
6605:Signed Japanese
6551:
6544:
6517:
6510:
6484:Stokoe notation
6462:
6364:
6324:Phonology (ASL)
6302:
6237:
6231:
6189:
6158:
6057:Argentine (LSA)
6042:
5874:
5697:New Costa Rican
5692:Old Costa Rican
5592:
5590:
5584:
5468:North Macedonia
5269:
4960:
4895:Bamako (LaSiMa)
4825:
4807:
4757:Other groupings
4752:
4604:Old Costa Rican
4579:Burkina (Mossi)
4559:Mauritian (MSL)
4432:Ghardaia (AJSL)
4345:Argentine (LSA)
4308:
4290:
4279:
4244:
4227:
4099:
4081:
4053:
4017:
3983:
3955:
3916:
3909:
3877:
3844:
3814:Danish (Tegnic)
3808:
3787:
3766:
3745:
3720:
3695:Yugoslavic Sign
3690:
3661:Bulgarian (ĐĐĐ)
3646:
3636:
3625:Greek (ÎÎÎ/ENG)
3610:
3600:Hoailona Ê»Ćlelo
3593:
3576:
3563:Bamako (LaSiMa)
3544:(Françafrosign)
3543:
3537:
3513:
3485:Malaysian (BIM)
3427:
3420:
3395:Valencian (LSV)
3331:
3322:Paraguay (LSPY)
3313:
3306:
3290:
3284:
3245:
3207:
3139:
3109:
3084:
3068:
3062:
3026:Arab (Ishaaric)
3016:
2995:
2967:
2880:Iltyeme iltyeme
2851:
2848:
2841:
2831:
2825:
2807:
2802:
2772:
2767:
2741:
2705:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2592:
2573:
2553:
2539:Austrian German
2527:
2518:
2477:
2468:Calabrian Greek
2441:
2408:
2394:Natisone Valley
2379:Inner Carniolan
2342:
2333:
2302:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2274:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2215:
2179:
2147:
2141:
2132:
2118:
2111:
2093:
2084:
2077:
2073:Eastern Lombard
2063:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1950:
1941:
1934:
1930:Western Lombard
1916:
1860:
1851:
1828:
1797:
1783:
1765:
1734:
1698:
1676:
1670:
1661:
1647:
1624:
1610:Southern Latian
1595:
1576:Castelmezzanese
1552:
1516:
1498:
1467:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1328:Wayback Machine
1317:Wayback Machine
1301:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1264:
1255:
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911:Wayback Machine
902:
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875:
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795:p. 39-40)
767:
754:
701:p. 242-3)
679:
673:
660:
643:
634:
625:
616:
607:
510:
487:
321:(influenced by
320:
201:Basque language
189:
178:'s research on
164:visual language
125:
108:
107:
105:
99:
92:
82:
68:
65:Language family
63:
54:
53:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
6941:
6931:
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6898:
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6807:
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6762:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6739:William Stokoe
6736:
6731:
6726:
6724:Valerie Sutton
6721:
6716:
6714:AbbĂ© de l'ĂpĂ©e
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6678:
6676:
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6637:
6635:
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6630:
6628:
6627:
6625:Signed Swedish
6622:
6617:
6615:Signed Spanish
6612:
6607:
6602:
6600:Signed Italian
6597:
6592:
6587:
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6481:
6476:
6470:
6468:
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6463:
6461:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6443:Serbo-Croatian
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6374:
6372:
6370:Fingerspelling
6366:
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6352:
6347:
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6321:
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6002:
5997:
5992:
5989:
5984:
5981:
5976:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5956:Western Desert
5953:
5952:
5951:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
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5882:
5880:
5876:
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5865:
5858:
5853:
5850:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5807:American (ASL)
5804:
5801:
5799:Old Salvadoran
5796:
5791:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5775:
5770:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
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5718:
5715:
5710:
5707:
5702:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5676:
5669:
5666:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5647:Maritime (MSL)
5644:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5616:American (ASL)
5613:
5610:
5605:
5602:
5596:
5594:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5562:Central Taurus
5559:
5556:
5551:
5548:
5543:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5522:
5517:
5514:
5509:
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5363:
5360:
5355:
5352:
5347:
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5339:
5334:
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5323:
5318:
5317:United Kingdom
5315:
5313:French Belgian
5310:
5305:
5302:
5297:
5294:
5289:
5286:
5281:
5277:
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5268:
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5183:
5180:
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5165:
5160:
5157:
5152:
5149:
5144:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5123:
5118:
5115:
5113:Kazakh-Russian
5110:
5107:
5102:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5045:
5040:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5019:
5017:Indo-Pakistani
5014:
5009:
5004:
5001:
4996:
4993:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4977:
4972:
4968:
4966:
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4707:
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4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4629:Peruvian (LSP)
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Miyakubo Shuwa
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
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4546:
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4523:
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4469:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4451:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4412:Dogon/Douentza
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4234:American (ASL)
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4095:Namibian (NSL)
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4001:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3915:Indo-Pakistani
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3846:
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3842:
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3818:
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3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3762:Tunisian (TSL)
3759:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3716:Yugoslav (YSL)
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3702:Croatian (HZJ)
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3655:
3648:
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3641:
3638:
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3634:
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3604:
3602:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:Sierra Leonean
3571:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3496:Filipino (FSL)
3493:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3440:American (ASL)
3436:
3430:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3416:Romanian (LSR)
3413:
3412:
3411:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3353:Algerian (LSA)
3349:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3314:Uruguayan Sign
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3302:Chilean (LSCh)
3298:
3292:
3291:Uruguayan Sign
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
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3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3188:Maritime (MSL)
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
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3132:
3127:
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3055:
3053:Qatari Unified
3050:
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3028:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
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3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
3000:Zendath Kesign
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2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2973:Western Desert
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2950:Worora Kinship
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2935:
2930:
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2800:
2793:
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2746:Sign languages
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2575:Italian Hebrew
2565:
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2551:
2546:
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2535:
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2520:South Tyrolean
2511:
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2498:
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2414:Serbo-Croatian
2410:
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2407:
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2396:
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2386:
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2376:
2371:
2365:
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2263:
2256:
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2238:
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2234:Rhaeto-Romance
2227:
2225:Rhaeto-Romance
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2208:
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2191:
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2008:
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1299:External links
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1198:
1185:
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649:
647:
645:
638:
636:
629:
627:
620:
618:
611:
609:
601:
600:
598:
596:
594:
591:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
511:(c. 1780â1920)
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
488:(c. 1790â2000)
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
457:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
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440:
438:
436:
434:
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430:
428:
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422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
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398:
395:
394:
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388:
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384:
382:
380:
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376:
374:
372:
370:
368:
366:
364:
362:
360:
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
348:
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344:
342:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:
330:
328:
326:
315:
313:
311:
309:
307:
305:
303:
301:
299:
297:
294:
292:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
269:
267:
260:
259:
216:Signed Italian
209:You go where?
188:
185:
176:William Stokoe
143:
142:
137:
131:
130:
123:
115:
114:
97:
89:
88:
87:Language codes
84:
83:
81:
80:
71:
69:
62:
59:
58:
55:
52:
49:
48:
35:
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6940:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6885:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6847:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6801:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6784:Miscellaneous
6782:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6755:
6753:Organisations
6751:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6709:Laurent Clerc
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6699:PĂ€r Aron Borg
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6680:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6610:Signed Polish
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6595:Signed German
6593:
6591:
6590:Signed French
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6513:
6505:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6314:Grammar (ASL)
6312:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6234:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6163:International
6161:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:South America
6045:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6020:Rossel Island
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6010:Mount Avejaha
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5857:
5856:Navajo Family
5854:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5803:United States
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5587:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4932:South African
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Yoruban (YSL)
4741:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:Bura (Burasl)
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4719:West African
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4705:Ugandan (USL)
4703:
4701:
4700:Turkish (TÄ°D)
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Spanish (LSE)
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4653:Rossel Island
4651:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4641:Qahveh Khaneh
4639:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:Mount Avejaha
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Maltese (LSM)
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:Atgangmuurniq
4465:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4442:Guinea-Bissau
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4286:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4230:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4048:Cepeda Peraza
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:Highland Maya
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3961:Japanese Sign
3958:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Flemish (VGT)
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Mexican (LSM)
3776:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3757:Italian (LIS)
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3686:Russian (Đ ĐĐŻ)
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3676:Latvian (LSL)
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3643:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3596:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3579:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:Catalan (LSC)
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3327:Uruguay (LSU)
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3287:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3173:British (BSL)
3171:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2991:Ngaatjatjarra
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2850:
2844:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2805:Sign language
2799:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2618:
2614:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2460:Italiot Greek
2457:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:Slavomolisano
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2287:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Judeo-Italian
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Gallo-Romance
1804:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:Vivaro-Alpine
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:Italo-Romance
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
956:
948:
944:
940:
939:
931:
924:
918:
912:
908:
905:
900:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
869:
858:
855:
854:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
830:
820:
819:p. 28).
818:
813:
809:
805:
796:
794:
789:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
762:
758:
747:
745:
739:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
702:
700:
695:
694:p. 240)
692:
687:
683:
674:
664:
659:
642:
633:
624:
615:
606:
602:
599:
595:
593:
592:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
524:
522:
509:
486:
458:
455:
447:
445:
437:
435:
423:
421:
409:
407:
399:
397:
396:
391:
363:
361:
341:
339:
336:
334:
324:
319:
295:
293:
265:
262:
261:
257:
254:
253:
250:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
219:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:Indo-European
194:
184:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
102:
98:
95:
90:
85:
79:
76:
75:
74:
70:
66:
60:
56:
50:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
6888:
6882:
6873:
6871:
6851:
6668:Films (list)
6585:Signed Dutch
6530:Contact sign
5975:Hawaii (USA)
5868:
5861:
5846:
5671:
5662:
5554:Swiss-German
5423:
5190:Saudi Arabia
4928:South Africa
4662:
4645:
4519:Somali (SSL)
4446:
4354:
4289:Providenciaâ
4268:Nesilextcl'n
4241:Oneida (OSL)
4203:Tickanwaâątic
4191:Schitsu'umsh
4173:NĆłmÄ
ÌkhĆłÌ·ki
4087:Paget Gorman
4008:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3952:Punjab-Sindh
3900:Polish (PJM)
3895:German (DGS)
3771:Mexican Sign
3756:
3750:Italian Sign
3654:Russian Sign
3617:French (LSF)
3590:Oneida (OSL)
3504:Quebec (LSQ)
3489:Oneida (OSL)
3406:
3402:French (LSF)
3255:Chinese Sign
3213:Swedish Sign
2937:
2908:
2891:
2884:
2862:
2763:Italian Sign
2762:
2737:Swiss German
2617:
2594:Sinte Romani
2582:
2404:Torre Valley
2352:South Slavic
2297:Italy portal
1989:Vallassinese
1870:Gallo-Italic
1406:
1291:
1274:
1252:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1153:
1140:
1127:
1104:
1099:
1079:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:the original
1033:
1025:
1020:
1008:
955:
937:
930:
922:
917:
899:
882:
878:
872:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
817:
814:
810:
806:
802:
793:
790:
786:
783:
779:
775:
771:
768:
759:
748:
743:
740:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
710:
706:
703:
699:
696:
691:
688:
684:
680:
672:
657:
238:
236:
223:
220:
213:
208:
190:
159:
147:
146:
118:
77:
27:
6810:Open Outcry
6734:Abbé Sicard
6719:Roger Fouts
6550:Signed Oral
6489:SignWriting
6337:Orientation
6307:Linguistics
6288:Pitha Pitha
5983:New Zealand
5919:Manjiljarra
5790:El Salvador
5550:Switzerland
5460:Netherlands
5300:Azerbaijani
5242:Old Bangkok
5182:Philippines
4870:Ivory Coast
4664:Sandy River
4402:Cuban (LSC)
4291:Cayman Sign
4140:Hinono'eino
4131:Coahuilteco
4116:Anishinaabe
4077:Old Bangkok
3998:Old Kentish
3927:Beluchistan
3887:German Sign
3868:Ho Chi Minh
3792:Old Belgian
3736:Dutch (NGT)
3475:Costa Rican
3368:Irish (ISL)
3312:Paraguayan-
3103:Palestinian
2986:Manjiljarra
2981:Kartutjarra
2916:Rdaka rdaka
2910:Pitha Pitha
2758:French Sign
2602:Wenzhounese
2427:Montenegrin
2374:Gail Valley
2175:Piedmontese
2079:Bergamasque
1725:Campidanese
1566:Beneventano
1533:Marchigiano
1465:Wenzhounese
755: 1815
325:c. 1760â89)
73:French sign
46:Switzerland
6907:Categories
6835:Protactile
6474:ASL-phabet
6458:Portuguese
6360:Sign names
6345:Expression
6273:Old French
6258:Kalkutungu
6227:Name signs
6217:Literature
6154:Venezuelan
6128:Inmaculada
6120:Paraguayan
6112:Ecuadorian
5966:Yir Yoront
5817:Protactile
5794:Salvadoran
5786:Panamanian
5773:Nicaraguan
5750:Albarradas
5721:Guatemalan
5678:Costa Rica
5673:Old Cayman
5626:Protactile
5504:Portuguese
5472:Macedonian
5448:Lithuanian
5296:Azerbaijan
5265:Vietnamese
5222:Tajikistan
5210:Sri Lankan
5109:Kazakhstan
5079:Kafr Qasem
5030:Indonesian
4732:Mofu-Gudur
4670:Salvadoran
4647:Rennellese
4634:Inmaculada
4589:Mozambican
4539:Macedonian
4509:Kata Kolok
4499:Kafr Qasim
4458:Creole HSL
4209:Tsuu T'ina
4170:NiitsĂtapi
4164:Ni Mii Puu
4155:Maagiadawa
4119:ApsĂĄalooke
4045:Trascorral
3729:Dutch Sign
3532:Yogyakarta
3492:Panamanian
3450:Protactile
3408:Old French
3385:Lithuanian
3341:Francosign
2958:Yir Yoront
2945:Warramunga
2893:Kalkutungu
2849:Aboriginal
2847:Australian
2120:Parmigiano
1912:Tabarchino
1902:Monégasque
1730:Logudorese
1649:Manduriano
1512:Florentine
1355:www.eud.eu
947:10579/8252
904:EUD: Italy
864:References
170:people in
42:San Marino
6891:indicate
6552:Languages
6453:Ukrainian
6413:Hungarian
6398:Esperanto
6329:Handshape
6298:Warluwara
6238:languages
6222:Profanity
6185:Signalong
6150:Venezuela
6146:Uruguayan
6099:Colombian
6053:Argentina
5924:Warlmanpa
5885:Australia
5823:Blackfeet
5812:Black ASL
5769:Nicaragua
5717:Guatemala
5709:Greenland
5632:Blackfoot
5621:Black ASL
5589:North and
5580:Ukrainian
5538:Valencian
5520:Slovenian
5488:Norwegian
5444:Lithuania
5408:Icelandic
5400:Hungarian
5247:Chiangmai
5218:Taiwanese
5206:Sri Lanka
5202:Singapore
5198:Singapore
5155:Mongolian
5129:Malaysian
5026:Indonesia
4995:Hong Kong
4983:Cambodian
4940:Tanzanian
4816:By region
4372:Bhutanese
4167:NiimĂipuu
4149:Karankawa
4072:Hai Phong
4067:Chiangmai
3858:Hai Phong
3850:Viet-Thai
3712:Slovenian
3681:Mongolian
3647:Hungarian
3583:Hand Talk
3550:Ethiopian
3478:Dominican
3472:Cambodian
3267:Shanghai
3097:Jordanian
3090:Levantine
3069:Levantine
2954:Yan-nhaĆu
2939:Warluwara
2933:Warlmanpa
2899:Miriwoong
2361:Slovenian
2211:Triestine
2148:languages
2134:Forlivese
2113:Bolognese
1959:Legnanese
1897:Intemelio
1842:ValdĂŽtain
1785:Mentonasc
1761:Algherese
1717:Sardinian
1708:Sardinian
1694:Sassarese
1689:Gallurese
1677:languages
1643:Salentino
1615:Tarantino
1586:Cosentino
1543:Romanesco
1457:Sardinian
799:Education
243:deafblind
162:) is the
120:Glottolog
94:ISO 639-3
6540:Mouthing
6516:Language
6499:ASLwrite
6423:Japanese
6378:American
6350:Mouthing
6341:Movement
6333:Location
6278:Old Kent
6244:Chilmark
6180:Monastic
6133:Peruvian
6116:Paraguay
6104:Provisle
6095:Colombia
6065:Bolivian
6025:Sinasina
5869:Henniker
5829:Cheyenne
5781:Chiriqui
5742:Honduran
5738:Honduras
5608:Belizean
5516:Slovenia
5500:Portugal
5366:Ghardaia
5350:Estonian
5329:Croatian
5292:Austrian
5284:Armenian
5238:Thailand
5186:Filipino
5178:Nepalese
5163:Ghandruk
5151:Mongolia
5147:Maldives
5143:Maldives
5139:Selangor
5125:Malaysia
5097:Miyakubo
5087:Japanese
5069:Ghardaia
4979:Cambodia
4936:Tanzania
4849:Cameroon
4845:Ghardaia
4840:Algerian
4675:Sinasina
4448:Henniker
4427:Ghandruk
4367:Belizean
4350:Armenian
4313:Isolates
4260:Kalispel
4257:A'aninin
4215:Wazhazhe
4212:Umatilla
4194:Shiwinna
4185:Piipaash
4134:Dane-zaa
4128:Cheyenne
4033:Yucatec
4004:Chilmark
3938:Calcutta
3822:Malagasy
3666:Georgian
3570:Nigerian
3567:Moroccan
3556:Ghanaian
3481:Jamaican
3467:Mandalay
3456:Bolivian
3426:American
3118:Possible
3100:Lebanese
3038:Egyptian
2904:Mudburra
2870:Djingili
2832:families
2830:Language
2721:Ticinese
2504:Cimbrian
2496:Bavarian
2422:Croatian
2329:Arbëresh
2312:Albanian
2253:Cadorino
2242:Friulian
2198:Venetian
2189:Venetian
2128:Romagnol
2056:Cremunés
2049:Novarese
2028:Varesino
2019:Ossolano
2012:Ticinese
2005:Milanese
1996:Lecchese
1879:Ligurian
1684:Corsican
1663:Pantesco
1657:Sicilian
1597:Arianese
1591:Irpinian
1581:Cilentan
1538:Marinese
1437:Germanic
1433:Friulian
1421:Croatian
1413:Albanian
1324:Archived
1313:Archived
1215:Archived
1088:Archived
1068:Archived
1028:2: 3-34.
907:Archived
851:See also
166:used by
127:ital1288
6889:Italics
6840:Tic-tac
6682:Persons
6518:contact
6467:Writing
6448:Spanish
6438:Russian
6393:Chilean
6388:Catalan
6253:Jaralde
6236:Extinct
6207:Grammar
6175:Makaton
6142:Uruguay
6108:Ecuador
6091:Chilean
6083:Ka'apor
6061:Bolivia
5879:Oceania
5765:Mexican
5755:Chatino
5734:Haitian
5663:Plateau
5593:America
5591:Central
5576:Ukraine
5572:Turkish
5546:Swedish
5533:Spanish
5528:Catalan
5512:Russian
5456:Russian
5452:Moldova
5440:Latvian
5424:Italian
5412:Ireland
5404:Iceland
5396:Hungary
5380:Germany
5358:Finnish
5354:Finland
5346:Estonia
5333:Denmark
5325:Croatia
5321:British
5308:Flemish
5304:Belgium
5288:Austria
5280:Armenia
5261:Vietnam
5226:Russian
5168:Jhankot
5121:Laotian
5074:Israeli
5056:Kurdish
5043:Persian
5012:Bengali
4991:Chinese
4975:Bengali
4956:Zambian
4948:Ugandan
4912:Senegal
4899:Nigeria
4866:Nanabin
4836:Algeria
4748:Zambian
4624:Persian
4530:Kisindo
4489:Ka'apor
4479:Jhankot
4397:Chatino
4250:Plateau
4232:Mixed,
4224:Wyandot
4218:Wichita
4206:ThĂĄumgĂĄ
4188:PpĂĄâżkka
4176:NÊmÊnÊÊ
4152:Liksiyu
4143:HiraacĂĄ
4122:Arikara
3989:Kentish
3931:Bengali
3841:TeknmĂĄl
3741:Gambian
3709:Serbian
3706:Kosovar
3645:Austro-
3615:Mixed,
3598:Mixed,
3581:Mixed,
3559:Guinean
3553:Chadian
3529:Jakarta
3460:Burmese
3428:(ASLic)
3125:Emirati
3043:Kuwaiti
2886:Jaralde
2717:Lombard
2701:Romansh
2696:Italian
2549:Yiddish
2509:MĂČcheno
2384:Istrian
2107:Emilian
2086:Cremish
2065:Spasell
1975:Comasco
1922:Lombard
1892:Genoese
1887:Brigasc
1853:Cellese
1771:Occitan
1753:Catalan
1620:Vastese
1605:Molisan
1521:Central
1486:Italian
1461:Slovene
1449:Occitan
1417:Catalan
193:Italian
152:Italian
6804:Loulis
6800:Washoe
6634:Others
6433:Polish
6428:Korean
6408:German
6403:French
6248:Diyari
6212:Idioms
6069:Brazil
6038:Samoan
6000:Kailge
5944:Umpila
5889:Auslan
5852:Navajo
5836:Oneida
5832:Ojibwa
5777:Panama
5746:Mexico
5687:Brunca
5682:Bribri
5668:Cayman
5652:Quebec
5642:Oneida
5638:Ojibwa
5612:Canada
5604:Belize
5567:Mardin
5558:Turkey
5542:Sweden
5508:Russia
5496:Polish
5492:Poland
5484:Norway
5436:Latvia
5428:Kosovo
5388:Greece
5384:German
5371:French
5362:France
5337:Danish
5274:Europe
5214:Taiwan
5134:Penang
5105:Korean
5092:Koniya
5060:Israel
5007:Alipur
4971:Bengal
4952:Zambia
4944:Uganda
4924:Somali
4882:Kenyan
4853:Maroua
4830:Africa
4786:(~150)
4619:Penang
4564:M'bour
4554:Mardin
4504:Kailge
4494:Kajana
4463:Inuit
4387:Brunca
4382:Bribri
4340:Alipur
4320:Afghan
4276:Sqeliz
4161:Nakota
4039:Nohkop
4036:ChicĂĄn
3945:Nepali
3935:Bombay
3464:Yangon
3198:Samoan
3184:Fijian
3161:Auslan
3149:BANZSL
3106:Syrian
3067:Iraqiâ
3058:Yemeni
3048:Libyan
3007:Meriam
2921:Umpila
2864:Diyari
2727:Romand
2691:German
2686:French
2588:Romani
2569:Hebrew
2562:Others
2544:Walser
2487:German
2399:Resian
2260:Fornes
2206:Fiuman
2042:Pavese
1982:Laghée
1943:Canzés
1907:Royasc
1847:Faetar
1824:Aostan
1816:French
1793:Niçard
1571:Barese
1548:Sabino
1504:Tuscan
1453:Romani
1425:French
1334:DIZLIS
1196:Press.
1049:22 May
983:Press.
879:Lingua
323:l'Epée
34:Region
6660:Media
6418:Irish
6138:Sivia
6087:Chile
6030:Wanib
6005:Mehek
5971:YolĆu
5939:Ngada
5760:Mayan
5730:Haiti
5726:Mayan
5705:Cuban
5524:Spain
5464:Dutch
5420:Italy
5416:Irish
5392:Greek
5376:Lyons
5230:Tibet
5194:Saudi
5173:Jumla
5159:Nepal
5101:Korea
5083:Japan
5051:Iraqi
5003:India
4987:China
4916:Mbour
4890:Tebul
4878:Kenya
4857:Ghana
4715:Wanib
4690:Tebul
4680:Sivia
4569:Mehek
4484:Jumla
4197:Sioux
4182:Palus
4179:Omaha
4042:Nohya
3941:Delhi
3863:Hanoi
3275:Macau
3135:Omani
3130:Saudi
3080:Iraqi
2963:YolĆu
2732:Sinte
2473:Griko
2451:Greek
2389:Karst
2267:Nones
2247:Ladin
1445:Ladin
1441:Greek
960:1-28.
258:tree
232:trial
172:Italy
38:Italy
6862:and
6494:si5s
6124:Peru
6078:Cena
5995:Enga
5826:Cree
5701:Cuba
5635:Cree
5252:Thai
5117:Laos
5047:Iraq
5039:Iran
5022:Naga
4965:Asia
4903:Bura
4886:Mali
4792:(7+)
4594:Naga
4422:Enga
4392:Cena
4200:Taos
4146:IcÄk
4137:Diné
3917:Sign
2369:Brda
1051:2021
228:dual
168:deaf
6864:BSL
6860:ASL
6199:ASL
943:hdl
887:doi
211:).
160:LIS
135:ELP
110:slf
101:ise
6909::
6884:^c
6875:^b
6870:.
6853:^a
6802:,
6343:/
6339:/
6335:/
6331:/
1463:,
1459:,
1455:,
1451:,
1447:,
1443:,
1439:,
1435:,
1431:,
1427:,
1423:,
1419:,
1415:,
1411::
1265:^
1201:^
1188:^
1166:^
1115:^
988:^
965:^
883:98
881:.
752:c.
727:("
719:("
249:.
230:,
158:,
154::
44:,
40:,
6895:.
6806:)
6798:(
6507:)
6501:(
2856:)
2852:(
2797:e
2790:t
2783:v
2723:)
2719:(
2657:e
2650:t
2643:v
1383:e
1376:t
1369:v
1330:)
1053:.
949:.
945::
893:.
889::
690:(
150:(
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