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610:(1700–1770), who made Sardinian Rococo so refined and elegant. His works and designs were so high-quality that he was envied across Italy and was a serious contender to French craftsmen and furniture-designers. His famous designs emerged as being Sardinian/Piedmontese and were famous for their highly intricate designs, exotic materials, flamboyant cartouches and the unique tortoiseshells, which became popular under Rococo zenith. Despite this, Rococo interior designing in Piedmont and
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But without a doubt, Venice remained Italy's fashion capital, and was a serious contender to Paris in terms of wealth, architecture, luxury, taste, sophistication, trade, decoration, style and design. Venetian Rococo was well known for being rich and luxurious, with usually very extravagant designs. Unique
Venetian furniture, such as the
465:, or shells, and more curved edges. Italy was not immediately influenced by the Rococo, since by the early 18th century rich Italian landowners were still constructing their palaces in the conservative Baroque style, but by the 1710s and 1720s, Italian architecture and interior design became more feminine and lighter.
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Venice arguably produced the most unusual and refined Rococo designs. At the time, Venice was in a state of trouble. It had lost most of its maritime power, was lagging behind its rivals in political importance and society had become decadent, with nobles wasting their money in gambling and partying.
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Rome remained possibly the most conservative city in Italy, and noblemen tended to prefer the grandiose majesty of
Baroque interiors than the frivolity and grace of its Rococo counterpart. However, there were some elements which made Roman Rococo relatively distinguished, such as the bureau-cabinets
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had one made for him. Bureau-bookcases were also made, since one could store books and study at the same time, and these too became very popular in the 18th century. They were fully inspired by the
English secretary, and were usually made with wood, especially walnut. People of all classes still had
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and a few other states were still independent. This significant loss of power also resulted in Italy ceding artistic and social authority to France, which in the 18th century took Italy's position as the
European cultural leader. Even though Italy still exerted some influence, it was not as much as
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periods, and France by then was the cultural leader, from literature, the arts, high culture, architecture and fashion, to science, philosophy, cuisine, music and education. By the early 18th century, the old-fashioned and heavy
Baroque style went out of fashion in France, and a new, more feminine
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surpassed writing tables (used in the 16th and 17th centuries) in popularity. Bureau cabinets were usually ornate, and were considered useful, as one could write, study or prepare oneself, yet store everything at hand. Even though women tended to use the bureaux more than men, they became highly
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Sicilian Rococo furniture tended to be highly unusual, and even though was based on the principles of French Rococo designs, usually included some traditional
Sicilian elements. Commodes and console tables had cabriole legs, which were, however, plain, and usually had intricate scrollwork and
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Despite Rococo influences in the early 18th century, true
Italian Rococo interiors began to be made in the late 1720s and early 1730s. The grace and charm of Rococo furnishing succeeded the heavy and imposing Baroque style. Italian Rococo interior design was in essence copied from that of the
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Console and side tables, however, remained very similar to the
Baroque ones, often very rich in decoration, with caryatids and putti, and carvings gilded in gold and bronze. However, one major difference was that tables were given specific roles and were uniquely labelled.
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to make them look more vibrant and stand out from others, and precious stones and materials from abroad were used, since Venice still held a vast trade empire. Lacquer was very common, and many items of furniture were covered with it, the most famous being
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produced more sober and wooden furnishings, Genoa was known for its rich fabrics and colourful styles, and Venice for its extravagant and luxurious interiors. Italian chairs and sofas were also greatly inspired by the French
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were used near sofas for visitors' gloves and other objects, and were often round with a tripod base. Console tables were used at entrances mainly for decoration, and were usually paired with a mirror or painting above.
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produced especially unusual Rococo furniture. Italian Rococo furniture was usually upholstered with rich and colourful fabrics, such as velvet and silk, and furniture was usually lacquered. Furniture from
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Genoese Rococo was also highly unusual in style. The
Genoese Rococo interior designers were famous for making grand beds and chairs. Genoese armchairs were similar to the French
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and lighter style called the Rococo emerged. Rococo was more delicate and romantic than the heavy and masculine
Baroque, and often included features such as
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arabesques. Sicilian tables were often painted, representing typical elements of Sicilian culture, society and life, such as festivals, fruits and
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had become very popular, since they were elongated and refined cupboards. Whether expensive or cheap, credenze were considered elegant.
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served as commodes in bedrooms, to hold a candle and possibly some prized possessions and a crucifix,
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refers to interior decoration (i.e. furniture, frescoing etc.) in Italy during the
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Another major change from Baroque furnishings was that bureau cabinets or
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remained virtually identical to that of France, its closest neighbour.
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period, which went from the early 18th century to around the 1760s.
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styles. However, some elements were changed, and cities such as
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Furniture: world styles from classical to contemporary
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