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The sample is put on top of the solution, and then the tube is spun at a very high speed for an extended time, at times lasting days. The CsCl molecules become densely packed toward the bottom, so a continuous gradient of layers of different densities (and CsCl concentrations) form. Since the
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original solution was approximately the same density, they go to a level where their density and the CsCl density are the same, to which they form a sharp, distinctive band.
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This method very sharply separates molecules, and is so sharp that it can even separate different molecular isotopes from one another.It has been utilized in the
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Schildkraut, Carl L.; Marmur, Julius; Doty, Paul (1962). "Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its buoyant density in CsCl".
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Buoyant density of the majority of DNA is 1.7g/cm which is equal to the density of 6M CsCl solution. Buoyant density of DNA changes with its
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Arrighi, Frances E.; Mandel, Manley; Bergendahl, Janet; Hsu, T. C. (June 1970). "Buoyant densities of DNA of mammals".
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Electron microscope image of canine parvovirus isolated using buoyant density centrifugation
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