751:
510:
The mechanism responsible for the event originated in the deep oceans, and made its way into the shallower shelf seas. Correspondingly, shallow-water reefs were barely affected, while pelagic and hemipelagic organisms such as the
671:
Trotter, Julie A.; Williams, Ian S.; Barnes, Christopher R.; Männik, Peep; Simpson, Andrew (February 2016). "New conodont δ18O records of
Silurian climate change: Implications for environmental and biological events".
498:
obliquity cycle. The fifth and sixth probably reflect maxima in the precessional cycles, with periods of around 16.5 and 19 ka. The final two data are much further spaced, so harder to link with
808:
604:
Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The
Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events".
752:"Lower Wenlock black shales in the northern Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: sedimentary and geochemical controls on the Ireviken Event in a deep marine setting"
49:
801:
713:
656:
Jeppsson, L (1997). "The anatomy of the Mid-Early
Silurian Ireviken Event and a scenario for P-S events". In Brett, C.E.; Baird, G.C. (eds.).
794:
1030:
42:
956:
414:
491:
The event lasted around 200,000 years, spanning the base of the
Wenlock epoch. It is associated with a period of global cooling.
1018:
1006:
35:
494:
It comprises eight extinction "datum points"—the first four being regularly spaced, every 30,797 years, and linked to the
896:
709:"Palaeoclimate perturbations before the Sheinwoodian glaciation: A trigger for extinctions during the 'Ireviken Event'"
920:
944:
932:
982:
1322:
1312:
568:
Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The
Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events".
707:
Lehnert, Oliver; Männik, Peep; Joachimski, Michael M.; Calner, Mikael; Frýda, Jiři (15 October 2010).
1042:
908:
1317:
994:
848:
872:
968:
750:
Smolarek, Justyna; Trela, Wiesław; Bond, David P. G.; Marynowski, Leszek (4 February 2016).
539:
records are observed; δC rises from +1.4‰ to +4.5‰, while δO increases from −5.6‰ to −5.0‰.
722:
681:
8:
756:
726:
685:
617:
884:
495:
817:
765:
730:
689:
613:
577:
499:
453:
433:
241:
735:
708:
693:
658:
Paleontological Events: Stratigraphic, Ecological, and
Evolutionary Implications
769:
581:
570:
Earth and
Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1306:
1110:
457:
267:
250:
16:
First of three relatively minor extinction events during the
Silurian period
548:
295:
259:
441:
381:
1173:
1146:
1083:
512:
462:
316:
274:
212:
1155:
1065:
860:
520:
476:
445:
363:
288:
202:
786:
603:
1137:
1128:
1101:
1092:
1074:
516:
480:
468:
449:
309:
302:
281:
232:
222:
1164:
1119:
631:
472:
536:
532:
706:
749:
670:
660:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 451–492.
531:
Subsequent to the first extinctions, excursions in the
567:
18:
714:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
674:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
664:
606:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1304:
651:
649:
647:
645:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
483:species also became extinct in this interval.
802:
413:Subdivision of the Silurian according to the
43:
655:
642:
638:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
588:
561:
420:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
809:
795:
479:species became extinct; 80% of the global
50:
36:
734:
432:was the first of three relatively minor
486:
465:± 0.8 million years ago
1305:
410:
816:
790:
28:
389:
371:
353:
21:
13:
14:
1334:
467:). The event is best recorded at
1291:Millions of years before present
526:
743:
700:
624:
352:
1:
618:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3
554:
505:
736:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.009
694:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.11.011
7:
542:
452:period. It occurred at the
411:
197:
23:Silurian graphical timeline
10:
1339:
1210:
824:
770:10.1017/S0016756815001065
582:10.1017/S0263593300000377
460:boundary (mid Silurian,
60:
193:−418 —
183:−420 —
173:−422 —
163:−424 —
153:−426 —
143:−428 —
133:−430 —
123:−432 —
113:−434 —
103:−436 —
93:−438 —
83:−440 —
73:−442 —
63:−444 —
1031:Cretaceous–Paleogene
636:www.stratigraphy.org
487:Anatomy of the event
475:, where over 50% of
983:Ordovician-Silurian
957:Cambrian-Ordovician
897:Cenomanian-Turonian
757:Geological Magazine
727:2010PPP...296..320L
686:2016PPP...443...34T
448:events) during the
1323:Isotope excursions
921:Rainforest collaps
632:"Chart/Time Scale"
523:were hit hardest.
500:Milankovic changes
1313:Extinction events
1300:
1299:
1019:Triassic–Jurassic
945:Smithian-Spathian
873:Toarcian turnover
818:Extinction events
434:extinction events
426:
425:
406:
405:
388:
387:
370:
369:
1330:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1004:
997:
992:
985:
980:
971:
966:
959:
954:
947:
942:
935:
930:
923:
918:
911:
906:
899:
894:
887:
882:
875:
870:
863:
858:
851:
846:
839:
834:
811:
804:
797:
788:
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
747:
741:
740:
738:
721:(3–4): 320–331.
704:
698:
697:
668:
662:
661:
653:
640:
639:
628:
622:
621:
601:
586:
585:
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466:
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377:
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359:
354:
262:
253:
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119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
52:
45:
38:
32:
19:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1318:Silurian events
1303:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1276:
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1270:
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1264:
1263:
1258:
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1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
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1239:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1187:
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1177:
1176:
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1160:
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1149:
1142:
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1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1115:
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1113:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1097:
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1095:
1088:
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1079:
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1077:
1070:
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1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
993:
990:
987:
986:
981:
978:
974:
973:
972:
967:
964:
961:
960:
955:
952:
949:
948:
943:
940:
937:
936:
931:
928:
925:
924:
919:
916:
913:
912:
907:
904:
901:
900:
895:
892:
889:
888:
883:
880:
877:
876:
871:
868:
865:
864:
859:
856:
853:
852:
847:
844:
841:
840:
835:
832:
820:
815:
785:
784:
774:
772:
748:
744:
705:
701:
669:
665:
654:
643:
630:
629:
625:
602:
589:
576:(02): 135–154.
566:
562:
557:
545:
529:
508:
489:
461:
422:
421:
419:
402:
393:
384:
375:
366:
357:
350:
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345:
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258:
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137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
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97:
95:
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87:
85:
82:
80:
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67:
65:
62:
56:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1336:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1184:Neoproterozoic
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1013:
1012:
1007:Permo-Triassic
1001:
1000:
989:
988:
977:
976:
975:
963:
962:
951:
950:
939:
938:
927:
926:
915:
914:
909:Middle Miocene
903:
902:
891:
890:
879:
878:
867:
866:
855:
854:
849:End-Ediacaran?
843:
842:
831:
830:
829:
828:
827:
826:
825:
822:
821:
814:
813:
806:
799:
791:
783:
782:
764:(2): 247–264.
742:
699:
663:
641:
623:
587:
559:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
544:
541:
528:
525:
507:
504:
488:
485:
430:Ireviken event
424:
423:
408:
407:
404:
403:
400:Ireviken event
398:
396:
386:
385:
380:
378:
368:
367:
362:
360:
351:
347:
346:
342:
341:
337:
336:
332:
331:
327:
326:
322:
321:
315:
314:
308:
307:
301:
300:
294:
293:
287:
286:
280:
279:
273:
272:
266:
265:
257:
256:
248:
247:
239:
238:
230:
229:
219:
218:
210:
209:
199:
198:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
47:
40:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1335:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1111:Carboniferous
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1020:
1008:
996:
995:Late Devonian
984:
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
874:
862:
850:
838:
823:
819:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
793:
792:
789:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:
753:
746:
737:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:
710:
703:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
667:
659:
652:
650:
648:
646:
637:
633:
627:
619:
615:
612:(1): 99–124.
611:
607:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
583:
579:
575:
571:
564:
560:
550:
547:
546:
540:
538:
534:
524:
522:
518:
514:
503:
501:
497:
492:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
418:
417:, as of 2021.
416:
409:
401:
397:
392:
391:
383:
379:
374:
373:
365:
361:
356:
355:
318:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:
261:
252:
243:
235:
234:
226:
224:
215:
214:
206:
204:
59:
53:
48:
46:
41:
39:
34:
33:
27:
20:
1055:Major events
1054:
837:Minor events
836:
773:. Retrieved
761:
755:
745:
718:
712:
702:
677:
673:
666:
657:
635:
626:
609:
605:
573:
569:
563:
549:Anoxic event
530:
527:Geochemistry
509:
493:
490:
437:
429:
427:
412:
399:
296:Sheinwoodian
231:
220:
211:
200:
513:graptolites
382:Mulde event
31:This box:
1307:Categories
1174:Quaternary
1147:Cretaceous
1084:Ordovician
933:Capitanian
555:References
521:trilobites
506:Casualties
496:Milankovic
454:Llandovery
317:Ludfordian
275:Rhuddanian
242:Llandovery
213:Ordovician
1191:Palæozoic
1156:Paleogene
1066:Ediacaran
861:Lau event
680:: 34–48.
517:conodonts
477:trilobite
364:Lau event
289:Telychian
203:Paleozoic
1205:Cenozoic
1198:Mesozoic
1138:Jurassic
1129:Triassic
1102:Devonian
1093:Silurian
1075:Cambrian
1043:Holocene
775:27 March
543:See also
481:conodont
469:Ireviken
450:Silurian
438:Ireviken
310:Gorstian
303:Homerian
282:Aeronian
233:Devonian
223:Silurian
1165:Neogene
1120:Permian
969:Olson's
723:Bibcode
682:Bibcode
473:Gotland
458:Wenlock
394:←
376:←
358:←
268:Přídolí
251:Wenlock
188:–
178:–
168:–
158:–
148:–
138:–
128:–
118:–
108:–
98:–
88:–
78:–
68:–
1051:
885:Aptian
833:
444:, and
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
260:Ludlow
463:433.4
442:Mulde
436:(the
1274:−100
1268:−150
1262:−200
1256:−250
1250:−300
1244:−350
1238:−400
1232:−450
1226:−500
1220:−550
1214:−600
777:2023
535:and
519:and
428:The
51:edit
44:talk
37:view
1280:−50
766:doi
762:154
731:doi
719:296
690:doi
678:443
614:doi
610:195
578:doi
446:Lau
415:ICS
1309::
760:.
754:.
729:.
717:.
711:.
688:.
676:.
644:^
634:.
608:.
590:^
574:93
572:.
537:δO
533:δC
515:,
502:.
471:,
440:,
1286:0
1284:│
1278:│
1272:│
1266:│
1260:│
1254:│
1248:│
1242:│
1236:│
1230:│
1224:│
1218:│
1212:│
1039:↓
1027:↓
1015:↓
1003:↓
991:↓
979:↓
965:↓
953:↓
941:↓
929:↓
917:↓
905:↓
893:↓
881:↓
869:↓
857:↓
845:↓
810:e
803:t
796:v
779:.
768::
739:.
733::
725::
696:.
692::
684::
620:.
616::
584:.
580::
456:/
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