73:. The glottal volume velocity waveform provides the link between movements of the vocal folds and the acoustical results of such movements, in that the glottis acts approximately as a source of volume velocity. That is, the impedance of the glottis is usually much higher than that of the vocal tract, and so glottal airflow is controlled mostly (but not entirely) by glottal area and subglottal pressure, and not by vocal-tract acoustics. This view of voiced speech production is often referred to as the
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moment. The transfer characteristic of the supraglottal vocal tract is defined with the input to the vocal tract considered to be the volume velocity at the glottis. For non-nasalized vowels, assuming a high-impedance volume velocity source at the glottis, the transfer function of the vocal tract below about 3000 Hz contains a number of pairs of complex-conjugate
120:, and not a CV mask or its equivalent, the inverse filter also must have a pole at zero frequency (an integration operation) to account for the radiation characteristic that connects volume velocity with acoustic pressure. Inverse filtering the output of a CV mask retains the level of zero flow, while inverse filtering a microphone signal does not.
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As practiced, inverse-filtering is usually limited to non-nasalized or slightly nasalized vowels, and the recorded waveform is passed through an “inverse-filter” having a transfer characteristic that is the inverse of the transfer characteristic of the supraglottal vocal tract configuration at that
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at the mouth having a linear response, little speech distortion, and a response time of under approximately 1/2 ms. A pneumotachograph having these properties was first described by
Rothenberg and termed by him a circumferentially vented mask or CV mask.
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to a signal results in the original signal. Software or electronic inverse filters are often used to compensate for the effect of unwanted environmental filtering of signals.
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Sengupta, Nandini; Sahidullah, Md; Saha, Goutam (August 2016). "Lung sound classification using cepstral-based statistical features".
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A new inverse-filtering technique for deriving the glottal air flow waveform during voicing
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of either the radiated acoustic waveform, as measured by a
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532:Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips
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145:Computers in Biology and Medicine
609:Speech Synthesis Markup Language
270:Festival Speech Synthesis System
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371:Microsoft text-to-speech voices
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21:electrical engineering
662:Wolfgang von Kempelen
442:CeVIO Creative Studio
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366:Microsoft Speech API
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75:source-filter model
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386:CoolSpeech
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432:Alter/Ego
411:LaLaVoice
406:Voiceroid
300:eCantorix
260:Gnuspeech
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563:DialogOS
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