Inuit - Knowledge

1484: 2470: 2482: 2363: 1451: 2684: 328: 1171: 1547: 2869:, and a body was discovered to have been washed out of the mud. Unfortunately, the storm claimed the body, which was not recovered. But examination of the eroded bank indicated that an ancient house, perhaps with other remains, was likely to be claimed by the next storm. The site, known as the "Ukkuqsi archaeological site", was excavated. Several frozen bodies (now known as the "frozen family") were recovered, autopsies were performed, and they were re-interred as the first burials in the then-new Imaiqsaun Cemetery south of Barrow. Years later another body was washed out of the bluff. It was a female child, approximately nine years old, who had clearly been born with a 1736:

the abuses inherent in these forced resettlements. By the mid-1960s, encouraged first by missionaries, then by the prospect of paid jobs and government services, and finally forced by hunger and required by the police, most Canadian Inuit lived year-round in permanent settlements. The nomadic migrations that were the central feature of Arctic life had become a much smaller part of life in the North. Inuit, a once self-sufficient people in an extremely harsh environment were, in the span of perhaps two generations, transformed into a small, impoverished minority, lacking skills or resources to sell to the larger economy, but increasingly dependent on it for survival.

2308: 1999: 4448: 787: 2633: 10725: 4384: 776: 2857:. Other recent research has noted that "While there is little disagreement that there were examples of infanticide in Inuit communities, it is presently not known the depth and breadth of these incidents. The research is neither complete nor conclusive to allow for a determination of whether infanticide was a rare or a widely practiced event." There is no agreement about the actual estimates of the frequency of newborn female infanticide in Inuit population. 13149: 4282: 64: 2327: 3956: 13161: 2568: 3047: 1809:. This comprehensive land claims settlement for Quebec Inuit, along with a large cash settlement and substantial administrative autonomy in the new region of Nunavik, set the precedent for the settlements to follow. The northern Labrador Inuit submitted their land claim in 1977, although they had to wait until 2005 to have a signed land settlement establishing 4444:, former MP, was the first Inuk to be sworn into the Canadian Federal Cabinet as Health Minister in 2008. In May 2011 after being re-elected for her second term, Aglukkaq was given the additional portfolio of Minister of the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency. In July 2013 she was sworn in as the minister of the environment. 2757:. Western observers often regarded these tales as generally not entirely accurate historical accounts, but more as self-serving myths. However, evidence shows that Inuit cultures had quite accurate methods of teaching historical accounts to each new generation. In northern Canada, historically there were ethnic feuds between the 1796:(Inuit Brotherhood and today known as Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami), an outgrowth of the Indian and Eskimo Association of the '60s, in 1971, and more region-specific organizations shortly afterward, including the Committee for the Original People's Entitlement (representing the Inuvialuit), the Northern Quebec Inuit Association ( 2853:. A mother abandoned an infant in hopes that someone less desperate might find and adopt the child before the cold or animals killed it. The belief that Inuit regularly resorted to infanticide may be due in part to studies done by Asen Balikci, Milton Freeman and David Riches among the Netsilik, along with the trial of 1130:, etc.), however, is an ancient self-referential to a group of peoples which includes at most the Iñupiat of Bering Strait coast of Chukotka and northern Alaska, the four broad groups of Inuit in Canada, and the Greenlandic Inuit. This usage has long been employed to the exclusion of other, closely related groups (e.g. 4356:, is held in communities across the northern regions of the world, featuring traditional Inuit and northern sports as part of the events. A cultural event is also held. The games were first held in 1970, and while rotated usually among Alaska, Yukon and the Northwest Territories, they have also been held in 4265:

and were genetically very different from the Dorset. The evidence suggested that Inuit descend from the Birnirk of Siberia, who through the Thule culture expanded into northern Canada and Greenland, where they genetically and culturally completely replaced the Indigenous Dorset people some time after

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Outside of Inuit Nunangat, Inuit population was 17,695 as of 2016. This was a growth of 61.9 per cent between the 2006 and 2016 censuses. The highest populations of Inuit outside of Inuit Nunangat lived in the Atlantic provinces (30.6 per cent) with 23.5 per cent lived in Newfoundland and Labrador. A

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Dogs played an integral role in the annual routine of Inuit. During the summer they became pack animals, sometimes dragging up to 20 kg (44 lb) of baggage and in the winter they pulled the sled. Yearlong they assisted with hunting by sniffing out seals' holes and pestering polar bears. They

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in the population that made it more difficult for them to survive by traditional means. In the 1950s, the Canadian government began to actively settle Inuit into permanent villages and cities, occasionally against their will (such as in Nuntak and Hebron). In 2005 the Canadian government acknowledged

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as "giants", people who were taller and stronger than Inuit. Less frequently, the legends refer to the Dorset as "dwarfs". Researchers believe that Inuit society had advantages by having adapted to using dogs as transport animals, and developing larger weapons and other technologies superior to those

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Anthropologists believed that Inuit cultures routinely killed children born with physical defects because of the demands of the extreme climate. These views were changed by late 20th century discoveries of burials at an archaeological site. Between 1982 and 1994, a storm with high winds caused ocean

1693:, alleviating hunger (as the area currently occupied had been over-hunted), and attempting to solve the "Eskimo problem", by seeking assimilation of the people and the end of their traditional Inuit culture. One of the more notable relocations was undertaken in 1953, when 17 families were moved from 1558:

The exchanges that accompanied the arrival and colonization by the Europeans greatly damaged Inuit way of life. Mass death was caused by the new infectious diseases carried by whalers and explorers, to which the Indigenous peoples had no acquired immunity. The high mortality rate contributed to the

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The Thule people arrived in Greenland in the 13th century. There they encountered the Norsemen, who had established colonies there since the late 10th century, as well as a later wave of the Dorset people. Because most of Greenland is covered in ice, the Greenland Inuit (or Kalaallit) only live in

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The harshness and unpredictability of life in the Arctic ensured that Inuit lived with concern for the uncontrollable, where a streak of bad luck could destroy an entire community. To offend a spirit was to risk its interference with an already marginal existence. Inuit understood that they had to

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missionaries arrived in the area in the early 20th century they outlawed the practice, but it is now making a comeback thanks to some modern Inuit women who want to revive the practices of their ancestors and get in touch with their cultural roots. The traditional method of tattooing was done with

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tells that the men lived among them for a few years of their own free will until they died attempting to leave Baffin Island in a self-made boat and vanished. Frobisher, in an attempt to find the men, captured three Inuit and brought them back to England. They were possibly the first Inuit ever to

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Justice within Inuit culture was moderated by the form of governance that gave significant power to the elders. As in most cultures around the world, justice could be harsh and often included capital punishment for serious crimes against the community or the individual. During raids against other

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Aged people who have outlived their usefulness and whose life is a burden both to themselves and their relatives are put to death by stabbing or strangulation. This is customarily done at the request of the individual concerned, but not always so. Aged people who are a hindrance on the trail are

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The historic accounts of violence against outsiders make it clear that there was a history of hostile contact within Inuit cultures and with other cultures. It also makes it clear that Inuit nations existed through history, as well as confederations of such nations. The known confederations were

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began missionary activities in Labrador, supported by the British who were tired of the raids on their whaling stations. The Moravian missionaries could easily provide Inuit with the iron and basic materials they had been stealing from whaling outposts, materials whose real cost to Europeans was

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Inupiaq (Inupiatun) is spoken in Russia (extinct) and Alaska, which is one of the 22 official languages of the State of Alaska. In Russia, due to the replacement from their traditional territory in Big Diomede Island to Mainland Russia, Inupiaq language has been nearly extinct with most of them

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Recently, there has been an identity struggle among the younger generations of Inuit, between their traditional heritage and the modern society which their cultures have been forced to assimilate into in order to maintain a livelihood. With current dependence on modern society for necessities,

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The TFN worked for ten years and, in September 1992, came to a final agreement with the Government of Canada. This agreement called for the separation of the Northwest Territories into an eastern territory whose Aboriginal population would be predominately Inuit, the future Nunavut, and a rump

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publicly admitted, "Apparently we have administered the vast territories of the north in an almost continuing absence of mind." The government began to establish about forty permanent administrative centers to provide education, health, and economic development services. Inuit from hundreds of

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in the 1940s and 1950s brought more intensive contact with European society, particularly in the form of public education for children. The traditionalists complained that Canadian education promoted foreign values that were disdainful of the traditional structure and culture of Inuit society.

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in traditional Inuit society had a strong gender component, but it was not absolute. The men were traditionally hunters and fishermen, and the women took care of the children, cleaned the home, sewed, processed food, and cooked. However, there are numerous examples of women who hunted, out of

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Once its more hospitable lands were largely settled, the government of Canada and entrepreneurs began to take a greater interest in its more peripheral territories, especially the fur and mineral-rich hinterlands. By the late 1920s, there were no longer any Inuit who had not been contacted by

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apparently had no adverse effects on their health, nor indeed, on his own health. Stefansson (1946) also observed that Inuit were able to get the necessary vitamins they needed from their traditional winter diet, which did not contain any plant matter. In particular, he found that adequate

2554:(women's parka) was traditionally made extra-large with a separate compartment below the hood to allow the mother to carry a baby against her back and protect it from the harsh wind. Styles vary from region to region, from the shape of the hood to the length of the tails. Boots ( 1709:. The families were told by the RCMP they would be able to return to their home territory within two years if conditions were not right. However, two years later more Inuit families were relocated to the High Arctic. Thirty years passed before they were able to visit Inukjuak. 3062:

filled with adventure tales of whale and walrus hunts. Long winter months of waiting for caribou herds or sitting near breathing holes hunting seals gave birth to stories of the mysterious and sudden appearance of ghosts and fantastic creatures. Some Inuit looked into the

2376:("woman's boat"), larger open boats made of wood frames covered with animal skins, for transporting people, goods, and dogs. They were 6–12 m (20–39 ft) long and had a flat bottom so that the boats could come close to shore. In the winter, Inuit would also hunt 3899:, there are 17,067 people residing in Denmark of Greenlandic Inuit ancestry. Most travel to Denmark for educational purposes, and many remain after finishing their education, which results in the population being mostly concentrated in the big four educational cities of 3116:

was closely tied to a system of rituals integrated into the daily life of the people. These rituals were simple but held to be necessary. According to a customary Inuit saying, "The great peril of our existence lies in the fact that our diet consists entirely of souls".

2948:... More common among the Canadian Inuit than it is among non-Indigenous southern Canadians." The Canadian Medical Association Journal published in 2013 that "tuberculosis among Canadian Inuit has dramatically increased since 1997. In 2010 the incidence in Nunavut 2873:. This child had never been able to walk, but must have been cared for by family throughout her life. She was the best preserved body ever recovered in Alaska, and radiocarbon dating of grave goods and of a strand of her hair all place her back to about 1200 CE. 1705:. They were dropped off in early September when winter had already arrived. The land they were sent to was very different from that in the Inukjuak area; it was barren, with only a couple of months when the temperature rose above freezing, and several months of 1804:

began organizing politically after being geographically cut out of the LIA, because the organization called itself the Labrador Métis Nation just a few years before. Various activist movements began to change the direction of Inuit society in 1975 with the

9504: 4300:, are very popular, not only in Canada but globally, and Inuit artists are widely known. Canada has adopted some of Inuit culture as national symbols, using Inuit cultural icons like the inuksuk in unlikely places, such as its use as a symbol at the 2431:

also protected Inuit villages by barking at bears and strangers. Inuit generally favoured, and tried to breed, the most striking and handsome of dogs, especially ones with bright eyes and healthy coats. Common husky dog breeds used by Inuit were the

2193:– in their traditional diets, Inuit consumed an average of 75 per cent of their daily energy intake from fat. While it is not possible to cultivate plants for food in the Arctic, Inuit have traditionally gathered those that are naturally available. 1880:

was, as of 2016, commonly used to describe Inuit and the Siberian and Alaskan Yupik, and Iñupiat peoples. Eskimo is still used by some groups and organizations to encompass Inuit and Yupik, as well as other Indigenous Alaskan and Siberian peoples.

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that prevailed in Canada in the 1960s. This was a real wake-up call for Inuit, and it stimulated the emergence of a new generation of young Inuit activists in the late 1960s who came forward and pushed for respect for Inuit and their territories.

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in the Northwest Territories. They are officially represented by the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation and, in 1984, received a comprehensive land claims settlement, the first in Northern Canada, with the signing of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement.

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further 21.8 per cent outside of Inuit Nunangat lived in Ontario, 28.7 per cent lived in the western provinces, 12.1 per cent lived in Quebec, while 6.8 per cent lived in the Northwest Territories (not including the Inuvialuit region) and Yukon.

3995:, despite the last two neither speaking an Inuit dialect or considering themselves "Inuit". Nonetheless, it has come together with other circumpolar cultural and political groups to promote Inuit and other northern people in their fight against 2259:

Modern Inuit have lifespans 12 to 15 years shorter than the average Canadian's, which is thought to be influenced by factors such as their diet and limited access to medical services. The life expectancy gap is not closing and remains stagnant.

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enormous social disruptions caused by the distorting effect of Europeans' material wealth and the introduction of different materials. Nonetheless, Inuit society in the higher latitudes largely remained in isolation during the 19th century.

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with official language status from both territories. Inuktitut, the most widely spoken Inuit language in Canada, however, is an official, and one of two main languages, alongside English, of Nunavut and has its speakers throughout Nunavut,

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Given the importance that Eskimos attached to the aged, it is surprising that so many Westerners believe that they systematically eliminated elderly people as soon as they became incapable of performing the duties related to hunting or

1617:(NWMP). Unlike most Aboriginal peoples in Canada, however, Inuit did not occupy lands that were coveted by European settlers. Used to more temperate climates and conditions, most Europeans considered the homeland of Inuit to be hostile 2849:, Inuit fully understood that, if there was to be any hope of obtaining more food, a hunter was necessarily the one to feed on whatever food was left. However, a common response to desperate conditions and the threat of starvation was 1668:

World War II and the Cold War made Arctic Canada strategically important to the great powers for the first time. Thanks to the development of modern long-distance aircraft, these areas became accessible year-round. The construction of

7586: 1534:. While there are some allegations that Inuit were hostile to early French and English explorers, fishermen, and whalers, more recent research suggests that the early relations with whaling stations along the Labrador coast and later 2985:

concluded that only "rudimentary law" existed amongst Inuit. No known Western observer before 1970 was aware that any form of governance existed among any Inuit; however, there was a set way of doing things that had to be followed:

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Inuit had trade relations with more southern cultures; boundary disputes were common and gave rise to aggressive actions. Warfare was not uncommon among those Inuit groups with sufficient population density. Inuit such as the

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By believing that all things, including animals, have souls like those of humans, any hunt that failed to show appropriate respect and customary supplication would only give the liberated spirits cause to avenge themselves.

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needles made of sinew or bone soaked in suet and sewn into the skin, but today they use ink. The Inuit Tattoo Revitalization Project is a community that was created to highlight the revitalization of this ancient tradition.

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was a particularly essential material, used to make knives. Art played a big part in Inuit society and continues to do so today. Small sculptures of animals and human figures, usually depicting everyday activities such as

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usually formed to defend against a more prosperous, and thus stronger, nation. Alternately, people who lived in less productive geographical areas tended to be less warlike, as they had to spend more time producing food.

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on behalf of Inuit living in the eastern Northwest Territories, that would later become Nunavut, from Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, which became a joint association of Inuit of Quebec, Labrador, and the Northwest Territories.

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with 30,140 Inuit out of a total population of 35,580 residents. Between 2006 and 2016, Inuit population of Nunavut grew by 22.5 per cent. In Nunavut, Inuit population forms a majority in all communities and is the only

2827:, suicide was "not of rare occurrence" and was generally accomplished through hanging. Writing of the Labrador Inuit, Hawkes (1916) was considerably more explicit on the subject of suicide and the burden of the elderly: 3017:

We are told today that Inuit never had laws or "maligait". Why? They say because they are not written on paper. When I think of paper, I think you can tear it up, and the laws are gone. The laws of the Inuit are not on

2931:" were focused on treating people for tuberculosis, though diagnosis was difficult and treatment involved forced removal of individuals from their communities for in-patient confinement in other parts of the country. 5093: 4011:, an international high level forum in which the eight Arctic Countries (United States, Canada, Russia, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland) discuss Arctic policy. On 12 May 2011, Greenland's Prime Minister 4405:, and dancing remain important parts of the culture. Family and community are very important. The Inuktitut language is still spoken in many areas of the Arctic and is common on radio and in television programming. 1763:. Inuit population was not large enough to support a full high school in every community, so this meant only a few schools were built, and students from across the territories were boarded there. These schools, in 1791:

Inuit began to emerge as a political force in the late 1960s and early 1970s, shortly after the first graduates returned home. They formed new politically active associations in the early 1970s, starting with the

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was awarded the Meritorious Service Cross, posthumously, for his heroic efforts in a 1972 plane crash. Other notable Inuit include the freelance journalist Ossie Michelin, whose iconic photograph of the activist

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There was also a larger notion of community as, generally, several families shared a place where they wintered. Goods were shared within a household, and also, to a significant extent, within a whole community.

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Canadian churches and, eventually, the federal government ran the earliest health facilities for Inuit population, whether fully segregated hospitals or "annexes" and wards attached to settler hospitals. These

2606:, which consisted in slicing a piece of the meteorite and giving it shape by smashing it with rocks until getting the desired shape, for example, tools for fishing. They used this meteorite for centuries until 2288:, dates back nearly 4,000 years. The facial tattoos detailed aspects of the women's lives, such as where they were from, who their family was, their life achievements, and their position in the community. When 7533: 4568:, which is relatively small compared with the ISR in Northwest Territories and has no communities living within it—but is part of traditional and current Inuvialuit hunting, trapping, fishing, etc. grounds. 4796: 2711:

of several siblings with their parents, wives, and children; or even more than one family sharing dwellings and resources. Every household had its head, either an elder or a particularly respected man.

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his Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal peoples of Canada.

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at them, they would come down and cut off your head. This tale is still told to children today. For others they were invisible giants, the souls of animals, a guide to hunting and as a spirit for the

13004: 6230: 2093:(Eastern). As Inuktitut was the language of the Eastern Canadian Inuit and Kalaallisut is the language of the Western Greenlandic Inuit, they are related more closely than most other dialects. 3860:. The numbers are not projected to rise in any significant way because of the enrollment requirements, which require proof Inuit ancestry and demonstrated connection with NunatuKavut society. 2668:, and remarriage were known. Among some Inuit groups, if there were children, divorce required the approval of the community and particularly the agreement of the elders. Marriages were often 1480:, Labrador. Inuit do not appear to have interfered with their operations, but raided the stations in winter, taking tools and items made of worked iron, which they adapted to their own needs. 1483: 9661: 9207:"Grønlænderebosiddende i Danmark" (PDF). The North Atlantic Group in the Danish Parliament. 1 January 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. 2384:(breathing hole) in the ice and waiting for the air-breathing seals to use them. This technique is also used by the polar bear, who hunts by seeking holes in the ice and waiting nearby. 4499:

was hailed as Canada's most artistic city, with 23 per cent of the labor force employed in the arts. Inuit art such as soapstone carvings is one of Nunavut's most important industries.

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from a whale's mouth and even frozen fish, over the snow and ice. Inuit used stars to navigate at sea and landmarks to navigate on land; they possessed a comprehensive native system of

1813:. Southern Labrador Inuit of NunatuKavut is currently in the process of establishing land claims and title rights that would allow them to negotiate with the Newfoundland Government. 7084:

Not included are the myriad of other species of plants and animals that Inuit use, such as geese, ducks, rabbits, ptarmigan, swans, halibut, clams, mussels, cod, berries and seaweed.

2469: 1442:. These Inuit had to subsist on a much poorer diet, and lost access to the essential raw materials for their tools and architecture which they had previously derived from whaling. 6355: 4317:

Some Inuit languages, such as Inuktitut, appear to have a more secure future in Quebec and Nunavut. There are a number of Inuit, even those who now live in urban centres such as

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were thought to have become completely extinct as a people by about 1400 or 1500. But, in the mid-1950s, researcher Henry B. Collins determined that based on the ruins found at

6968: 5089: 9181: 3106:, who tended wounds and offered advice, as well as invoking the spirits to assist people in their lives. Their role was to see, interpret and exhort the subtle and unseen. 1605:'s Inuk wife Shoofly, known for her sewing skills and elegant attire, was influential in convincing him to acquire more sewing accessories and beads for trade with Inuit. 1366:

for Nunatsiavummiut (Labrador Inuit) and NunatuKavummiut (Southern Inuit or Inuit-metis), Inuit did not make significant progress South, or in the case of Labrador, East.

3883:, Inuit population of Greenland is 88 per cent (50,787) out of a total of 57,713 people. Like Nunavut, the population lives throughout the habitable areas of the region. 7186:

Ho, Kang-Jey; Mikkelson, Belma; Lewis, Lena A.; Feldman, Sheldon A.; Taylor, C. Bruce (1 August 1972). "Alaskan Arctic Eskimo: responses to a customary high fat diet".

2801:, elders are the keepers of communal knowledge, effectively the community library. Because they are of extreme value as the repository of knowledge, there are cultural 4767: 2481: 3069:, or northern lights, to find images of their family and friends dancing in the next life. However, some Inuit believed that the lights were more sinister and if you 1646:

often did not understand the rules of the alien society with which they had to interact. In addition, the generally Protestant missionaries of the British preached a

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Kang-Jey Ho; Belma Mikkelson; Lena A. Lewis; Sheldon A. Feldman; C. Bruce Taylor (1 August 1972). "Alaskan Arctic Eskimo: responses to a customary high fat diet".

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necessity or as a personal choice. At the same time, men, who could be away from camp for several days at a time, would be expected to know how to sew and cook.

2351:) which were extraordinarily buoyant, and could be righted by a seated person, even if completely overturned. Because of this property, the design was copied by 5119: 4804: 2256:). While there was considerable skepticism when he reported these findings, the initial anecdotal reports were reaffirmed both in the 1970s, and more recently. 1468:

The lives of Paleo-Eskimos of the far north were largely unaffected by the arrival of visiting Norsemen except for mutual trade. After the disappearance of the

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of the Dorset culture. By 1100 CE, Inuit migrants had reached west Greenland, where they settled. During the 12th century, they also settled in East Greenland.

13198: 815: 4597:"Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 2362: 4349:

were born and lived the early part of their life "on the land". Inuit culture is alive and vibrant today in spite of the negative impacts of recent history.

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During the early 20th century, a few traders and missionaries circulated among the more accessible bands. After 1904, they were accompanied by a handful of

10407: 3819:. Inuit population of Nunavik grew 23.3 per cent between the 2006 and 2016 censuses. This was the fastest growth among all four regions of Inuit Nunangat. 1593:. It provided the first informed, sympathetic and well-documented account of the economic, social and religious life of Inuit. Parry stayed in what is now 9318: 7713: 7241:"Markedly increased intake of refined carbohydrates and sugar is associated with the rise of coronary heart disease and diabetes among the Alaskan Inuit" 6206:"Part Two: False Assumptions and a Failed Relationship: Chapter 11 – Relocation of Aboriginal Communities: 2.2 To Improve the Lives of Aboriginal People" 4873: 436: 8665: 6237: 6159: 10017: 7416: 5743:"Ancestor descendant relationships in North American Arctic prehistory: Ancient DNA evidence from the Aleutian Islands and the Eastern Canadian Arctic" 1476:

whalers and fishermen were already working the Labrador coast and had established whaling stations on land, such as the one that has been excavated at

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During the 19th century, the Western Arctic suffered a population decline of close to 90 per cent, resulting from exposure to new diseases, including

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carving of a whale into the baby's mouth, in hopes this would make the child good at hunting. Loud singing and drumming were also customary at birth.

9719: 737: 641: 9254: 5673: 3796:(Nunavut, Nunavik, Nunatsiavut, and Inuvialuit Settlement Region). From 2006 to 2016, Inuit population grew by 20.1 per cent inside Inuit Nunangat. 1522:

where five sailors left the ship, under orders from Frobisher, with instructions to stay clear of Inuit. They became part of Inuit mythology. Inuit

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between the Dorset and Thule transition. However a subsequent 2012 genetic analysis showed no genetic link between the Sadlermiut and the Dorset or

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are western Canadian Inuit who remained in the Northwest Territories when Nunavut split off. They live primarily in the Mackenzie River delta, on

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principles. They believed that all things had a form of spirit, including humans, and that to some extent these spirits could be influenced by a

1621:. Southerners enjoyed lucrative careers as bureaucrats and service providers to the people of the North, but very few ever chose to visit there. 1614: 611: 2536:

and footwear is made from animal skins, sewn together using needles made from animal bones and threads made from other animal products, such as

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almost nothing, but whose value to Inuit was enormous. From then on, contacts between the national groups in Labrador were far more peaceful.

1450: 6363: 1927:. Though the Cree etymology has been discredited, "Eskimo" is considered pejorative by some Canadian and English-speaking Greenlandic Inuit. 1800:) and the Labrador Inuit Association (LIA) representing Northern Labrador Inuit. Since the mid-1980s the disputed Southern Labrador Inuit of 408: 2923:

may have contributed to mass deaths among different Inuit tribes. Inuit believed that the causes of the disease were of a spiritual origin.

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in school. Inuit in Russia mostly speak Russian and Central Siberian Yupik. Canadian Inuit, particularly those from Nunavik, may also speak

5204: 8752:; Steiger, William Lee (June 1974). "A Matter of Life and Death: An Investigation Into the Practice of Female Infanticide in the Arctic". 7946: 12785: 12449: 8202: 7159: 5063: 4771: 4146: 525: 374: 1300:

populations, the Aleut and Sadlermiut benefited from both geographical isolation and their ability to adopt certain Thule technologies.

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was often used as the term that applied to the Yupik, Iñupiat, and Inuit. Since then Kaplan has updated this to indicate that the term

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group about 4000 years ago and from northeastern Siberian migrants. They spread eastward across the Arctic. They displaced the related

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coastal settlements, particularly the northern polar coast, the eastern Amassalik coast and the central coasts of western Greenland.

4165:, maintains much autonomy today. Of a population of 56,000, 80 per cent of Greenlanders identify as Inuit. Their economy is based on 1760: 1578:(Inuit-majority), where whale products of the commercial whale hunt were processed and furs traded. The expedition of 1821–23 to the 1085:, of which inhabitants were removed to Russian Mainland, remain in Bering Strait coast of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, particularly in 780: 505: 396: 9400: 8935: 6878: 1020: 10028:

Raghavan, Maanasa; DeGiorgio, Michael; Albrechtsen, Anders; et al. (2014). "The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic".

6960: 6778: 5433: 13436: 13338: 12547: 12380: 9859: 9357: 6849: 6403: 1806: 1342:, non-Inuit Indigenous cultures were well established. As a result, being challenged by the groups below the tree line including 515: 391: 4123:

passed the supporting legislation in June of the same year, enabling the 1999 establishment of Nunavut as a territorial entity.

2061:, with official language status from the territorial government. Inuinnaqtun is spoken across the Northwest Territories and the 1164: 13075: 11293: 6216: 6212: 6181: 5699: 4342: 2765:

in 1771. In 1996, Dene and Inuit representatives participated in a healing ceremony to reconcile the centuries-old grievances.

621: 530: 495: 459: 6478: 4702:"Table 1: American Indian and Alaska Native Alone and Alone or in Combination Population by Tribe for the United States: 2000" 3098:

of supernatural entities that could be appeased when one required some animal or inanimate thing to act in a certain way. The

1950:

in Canada and Greenland, respectively, their version has become dominant, although every Inuit dialect uses cognates from the

13184: 12527: 10569: 10548: 10525: 10504: 10483: 10460: 10436: 10389: 10368: 10347: 10307: 10260: 10239: 10216: 10195: 10174: 10128: 10093: 9997: 9976: 9955: 9929: 9908: 9887: 9843: 9715: 9085: 9017: 8898: 8814: 8733: 8537: 8430: 8403: 8185: 8101: 8039: 7815: 7113: 7048: 6944: 6917: 6575: 6559: 6326: 6143: 6014: 5928: 5884: 5528: 5501: 5416: 5389: 5362: 3927:

there were a total of 16,581 Inuit / Inupiat living throughout the country. The majority, about 14,718, live in the state of

2221:

or edible seaweed) were collected and preserved depending on the season and the location. There is a vast array of different

801: 742: 636: 553: 520: 485: 9753: 9638: 8504: 11609: 10109: 9779: 5010:

Park, Robert W. (April 1993). "The Dorset-Thule Succession in Arctic North America: Assessing Claims for Culture Contact".

3110:

were not trained; they were held to be born with the ability and recognized by the community as they approached adulthood.

500: 10618: 6215:(Report). Vol. 1 – Looking Forward Looking Back. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. October 1996. pp. 434–438. 1779:, brought together young Inuit from across the Arctic in one place for the first time and exposed them to the rhetoric of 13431: 13225: 13058: 12944: 6679: 6629: 4206: 3848:

Included in the population of Newfoundland and Labrador outside of Inuit Nunangat is the unrecognized Inuit territory of

3805: 2222: 1384:

delta area, often engaged in warfare. The more sparsely settled Inuit in the Central Arctic, however, did so less often.

988: 9543: 4938: 2683: 13133: 13063: 12763: 11269: 10326: 10080: 9134: 9042: 7290:"Increase in the intake of refined carbohydrates and sugar may have led to the health decline of the Greenland Eskimos" 7105: 6174: 5707: 4261:. Genetic continuity was observed between Inuit, Thule and Birnirk, who overwhelmingly carried the maternal haplogroup 1841:, " the first Inuk to hold a senior cabinet position, although she is not the first Inuk to be in cabinet altogether." 1477: 1469: 1275: 1150:), who live in Alaska and Siberia, at least at an individual and local level, generally do not self-identify as Inuit. 917: 8118: 7903: 4105:

was approved by nearly 85 per cent of Inuit of what would become Nunavut. As the final step in this long process, the

1743:(1964) were quick to predict that Inuit culture was facing extinction, Inuit political activism was already emerging. 12426: 12082: 11126: 11116: 8354: 6189: 5555: 5115: 2753:

of raids by other Indigenous peoples, including fellow Inuit, and of taking vengeance on them in return, such as the

1094: 860: 558: 369: 211: 9221:"Table 16: American Indian and Alaska Native Alone and Alone or in Combination Population by Tribe for Alaska: 2000" 4007:

is one of the six group of Arctic Indigenous peoples that have a seat as a so-called "Permanent Participant" on the

3133:

In total, there are about 148,000 Inuit living in four countries, Canada, Greenland, Denmark and the United States.

2940:: "In October (2017) the federal Minister of Indigenous Services, Jane Philpott, announced that in 2015 tuberculosis 757: 13421: 13090: 13080: 12733: 12590: 12484: 12469: 9378: 8014:

Snow, Dean R. (1996). "The first Americans and the differentiation of hunter-gatherer cultures North America.". In

6280: 6095: 4507:(including governmental jobs, food, aid, medicine, etc.), Inuit have had much interaction with and exposure to the 4190: 1759:

in the Northwest Territories (including what is now Nunavut) and Inuit areas in Quebec and Labrador along with the

1690: 747: 470: 999:

in Labrador, and in various parts of the Northwest Territories and Yukon (traditionally), particularly around the

13053: 12439: 10645: 9455: 9220: 7637: 7097: 7036: 4711: 4330: 2611: 2035: 1817: 480: 431: 30:

This article is about the peoples of Arctic North America. For the Indigenous people of Labrador and Quebec, see

5852: 12931: 12610: 12562: 12398: 12342: 11169: 9700: 7717: 7043:. Food and Nutrition in History and Anthropology, Volume 8 (1st ed.). Taylor and Francis. pp. 26–29. 6486: 5179: 4990: 4962: 4116: 1889: 1764: 1050: 1597:

over the second winter. Parry's writings, with pen and ink illustrations of Inuit everyday life, and those of

1284:

and the Sadlermiut peoples. It also provided evidence that a population displacement did not occur within the

659: 13070: 12595: 11959: 11253: 11067: 10271: 10008: 8673: 7560: 6482: 5175: 4526:. Principal theories are the change to a Western style diet with more refined foods, and extended education. 4469:, and written, filmed, produced, directed, and acted almost entirely by Inuit of Igloolik. In 2009, the film 4107: 3972: 3892: 2581:, and during the few months of the year when temperatures were above freezing, they lived in tents, known as 1885: 684: 679: 631: 441: 386: 8156: 7423: 6030: 13207: 13164: 12903: 12810: 12775: 12648: 11283: 11009: 9287: 8995: 8965: 4561: 4512: 4495:

worked at preserving Inuktitut and wrote one of the first novels ever published in that language. In 2006,

4421: 3838: 3405: 3265: 2054: 1170: 1004: 674: 626: 317: 289: 216: 9255:"Current Alaska Native Tribes Population demographics in Seattle, Washington 2020, 2019 by gender and age" 4982: 1635:, that Inuit should be considered Indians and were thus under the jurisdiction of the federal government. 12628: 12570: 12373: 9228: 6100: 5677: 5646: 5285: 4706: 4642: 4461: 4437: 4194: 4015:

hosted the ministerial meeting of the Arctic Council, an event for which the American Secretary of State

3876: 1838: 1519: 1311:

where there are large swaths of coastal barrens. In Labrador there are two Inuit groups, one accepted by

10417: 9989:

From Talking Chiefs to a Native Corporate Elite: The Birth of Class and Nationalism among Canadian Inuit

9898: 6882: 6659: 3050:

Some Inuit (including Alaska Natives) believed that the spirits of their ancestors could be seen in the

1409:, probably an undifferentiated label for all the Indigenous peoples whom the Norse encountered, whether 12623: 10782: 9774: 8234: 6038: 3458: 2027: 1816:

Canada's 1982 Constitution Act recognized Inuit as Aboriginal peoples in Canada. In the same year, the

1780: 1674: 969: 568: 7132: 6459: 3087:), who lived beneath the sea. The waters, a central food source, were believed to contain great gods. 2496:, and bones, although some tools were also made out of worked stones, particularly the readily worked 2409:

in either a tandem/side-by-side or fan formation would pull a sled made of wood, animal bones, or the

12954: 12459: 11836: 11201: 11136: 11111: 11095: 10777: 10143: 9422: 8612:

Riches, David (October 1974). "The Netsilik Eskimo: A Special Case of Selective Female Infanticide".

7904:"Reconstructing traditional Inuit house forms using three-dimensional interactive computer modelling" 7760: 7665: 6070: 4004: 3964: 3924: 3823: 3788:, there were 65,025 people identifying as Inuit living in Canada. This was up 29.1 per cent from the 3705: 3439: 3209: 2788: 1651: 1434:

activities. But, in the high Arctic, Inuit were forced to abandon their hunting and whaling sites as

961: 887: 616: 245: 7064: 6065: 3013:(shaman) might have to intervene, lest the consequences be dire to the individual or the community. 2232:

lived with and studied a group of Inuit. The study focused on Stefansson's observation that Inuit's

1506:

was the first well-documented contact between Europeans and Inuit. Frobisher's expedition landed in

1027:

classify Inuit as a distinctive group of Aboriginal Canadians who are not included under either the

12770: 12411: 11467: 11246: 10594: 9733:

Penney, Christopher; Senecal, Sacha; Guimond, Eric; Bobet, Ellen; Uppal, Sharanjit (27 June 2008).

8300:

Leighton, Alexander H.; Hughes, Charles C. (December 1955). "Notes on Eskimo Patterns of Suicide".

8062: 7911: 4596: 4338: 4304:

in Vancouver. Respected art galleries display Inuit art, the largest collection of which is at the

4098: 4089: 1713: 1058: 594: 9418: 5650: 4908: 3534: 13332: 13311: 12444: 12315: 11821: 11488: 11288: 11154: 11131: 10138: 10085: 9401:"Current Alaska Native Tribes Population demographics in Washington 2020, 2019 by gender and age" 8559: 7691: 7398: 7071: 5712: 4995:

In this Act, aboriginal peoples of Canada includes the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

4934: 4538: 4529: 4429: 4393: 4062: 2966: 2961: 2845:

When food is not sufficient, the elderly are the least likely to survive. In the extreme case of

2096:

Inuit in Alaska and Northern Canada also typically speak English. In Greenland, Inuit also speak

1850: 1793: 1650:

very different from the one Inuit had as part of their tradition. Many Inuit were systematically

1626: 1563: 1312: 1028: 1008: 426: 338: 7779: 5550:. Meddelelser om Grønland Man & Society. Vol. 15. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 23. 13103: 12758: 12366: 12266: 11792: 11604: 11196: 11191: 10903: 9735:

Suicide in Inuit Nunaat: An analysis of suicide rates and the effect of Community-level factors

8370: 7953: 6906: 5876:

The First Frontier: The Forgotten History of Struggle, Savagery, and Endurance in Early America

4957: 4391:

Although Inuit life has changed significantly over the past century, many traditions continue.

4373: 3792:. Close to three-quarters (72.8 per cent) of Inuit lived in one of the four regions comprising 3477: 3081:(shaman) for spiritual interpretation. The nearest thing to a central deity was the Old Woman ( 2424: 2352: 2081:

Kalaallisut is the official language of Greenland. The Greenlandic languages are divided into:

1732: 1686: 1639: 1583: 1024: 35: 9077: 8210: 8091: 6549: 6090: 5904: 5622: 5352: 5067: 4637: 12738: 12725: 12715: 12668: 12454: 12347: 12303: 12170: 11949: 11917: 11869: 11782: 11774: 11327: 10075: 9987: 9833: 9111: 7805: 6934: 6316: 6004: 5874: 5545: 5406: 4398: 3915:, which all have vibrant Greenlandic communities and cultural centers (Kalaallit Illuutaat). 3834: 3254: 2754: 2242: 2233: 2229: 2058: 1846: 1821: 1530:

The semi-nomadic Inuit were fishermen and hunters harvesting lakes, seas, ice platforms, and

1070: 945: 10515: 10494: 10471: 10426: 10379: 10358: 10337: 10297: 10250: 10206: 10185: 10164: 10118: 9966: 9919: 9877: 8888: 8804: 8713: 8393: 8344: 8175: 8140: 7612: 7012: 6508: 6133: 5518: 5379: 13128: 12337: 12211: 12165: 12124: 12056: 11889: 11879: 11854: 11826: 11724: 11665: 11655: 11645: 11493: 11366: 10707: 10412: 8555:"A Social and Ecologic Analysis of Systematic Female Infanticide among the Netsilik Eskimo" 7755: 7120:...shorelines, Inuit gathered seaweed and shellfish. For some, these foods were a treat;... 5789: 5775: 5749: 5471: 4608: 4522:

in the youngest generations of Inuit. Myopia was almost unknown prior to Inuit adoption of

4496: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4262: 4162: 4136: 4120: 3789: 3785: 3515: 3420: 2920: 2784: 2023: 1943: 1871:

is still used by people; however in the 21st century, usage in North America has declined.

1702: 1682: 1586: 909: 327: 141: 17: 10284: 9478: 8841: 7835: 4433: 4230: 2866: 2695:

Marriage was common for women at puberty and for men when they became productive hunters.

8: 13229: 13029: 12939: 12795: 12522: 12150: 12102: 12097: 12066: 12020: 11907: 11864: 11844: 11809: 11759: 11754: 11737: 11660: 11640: 11630: 11625: 11584: 11574: 11396: 11159: 11121: 10638: 8943: 8865: 8614: 8019: 7857:

Arnold, Charles D.; Hart, Elisa J. (1 January 1992). "The Mackenzie Inuit Winter House".

7447: 7032: 7017: 5627: 5171: 4952: 4492: 4471: 4377: 4353: 2870: 2720: 2599: 2432: 2112: 1970: 1797: 1598: 1546: 1351: 1229:

Faced with population pressures from the Thule and other surrounding groups, such as the

973: 145: 10476:

Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: A Geographic Encyclopedia of the Earth's Polar Regions

9072:

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples : exploring their past, present, and future

6254: 5793: 4329:, who have experienced living on the land in the traditional life style. People such as 4226: 4222: 4028: 4019:

came to Nuuk, as did many other high-ranking officials such as Russian Foreign Minister

3125:

work in harmony with supernatural powers to provide the necessities of day-to-day life.

2007: 901: 599: 13118: 12748: 12688: 12492: 12416: 12406: 12329: 12271: 12185: 12175: 12155: 12140: 12114: 12005: 11990: 11944: 11939: 11912: 11849: 11804: 11744: 11650: 11599: 11589: 11553: 11514: 11509: 11472: 11449: 11437: 11432: 11422: 11391: 11344: 11312: 11036: 10537: 10446: 9965:

Leenaars, Antoon A.; Wenckstern, Susanne; Sakinofsky, Isaac; et al., eds. (1998).

9801: 9404: 9258: 9070: 8920: 8777: 8725: 8721: 8639: 8586: 7928: 7314: 7265: 6667:

The term 'Eskimo', applied to Inuit by European explorers, is no longer used in Canada.

5978: 5813: 5603: 5444: 5240: 5214: 5037: 5012: 4669: 4409: 3932: 3896: 3895:

varies from source to source between 15,000 and 20,000. According to 2023 figures from

3879: 3743: 3065: 3051: 2936: 2575:

During the winter, certain Inuit lived in a temporary shelter made from snow called an

1472:, Inuit had no contact with Europeans for at least a century. By the mid-16th century, 1268: 1254: 1230: 1111: 1062: 957: 869: 276: 11305: 7363: 7338: 7240: 6605:"Setting the Record Straight About Native Languages: What Does "Eskimo" Mean In Cree?" 5490: 5405:

Harris, R. Cole; Gentilcore, R. Louis; Matthews, Geoffrey J.; Kerr, Donald P. (1987).

2820:

found that the death of elders by suicide was a commonplace among the Iglulik Inuit".

1538:

were based on a mutual interest in trade. In the final years of the 18th century, the

352: 13113: 13108: 12916: 12780: 12600: 12585: 12502: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12244: 12239: 12216: 12206: 12201: 12180: 12145: 12119: 12107: 12092: 12061: 12035: 11976: 11971: 11964: 11954: 11859: 11814: 11764: 11732: 11635: 11594: 11558: 11339: 11334: 11238: 11044: 10565: 10544: 10521: 10500: 10479: 10456: 10432: 10397: 10385: 10364: 10343: 10322: 10303: 10256: 10235: 10212: 10191: 10170: 10124: 10089: 10055: 10047: 10030: 9993: 9972: 9951: 9925: 9904: 9883: 9839: 9806: 9788: 9734: 9583: 9295: 9081: 8894: 8810: 8769: 8729: 8631: 8578: 8533: 8527: 8426: 8399: 8350: 8317: 8251: 8181: 8097: 8035: 7876: 7811: 7475: 7467: 7368: 7350: 7319: 7270: 7213: 7205: 7172: 7109: 7044: 6940: 6913: 6555: 6322: 6185: 6160:"Government of Canada Apologizes for Relocation of Inuit Families to the High Arctic" 6139: 6010: 5924: 5908: 5880: 5817: 5805: 5780: 5607: 5595: 5551: 5524: 5497: 5412: 5385: 5358: 5325: 5029: 4916: 4865: 4604: 4484: 4245: 4202: 3869: 3083: 3009:

If an individual's actions went against the tirigusuusiit, maligait or piqujait, the

2982: 2669: 2645: 2206: 2090: 1716: 1698: 1579: 1503: 1038: 490: 9944: 8420: 7932: 6424: 6205: 5953: 5264: 4234: 2952:... Was 304 per 100,000—more than 66 times the rate seen in the general population. 1267:. The Sadlermiut population survived up until winter 1902–1903 when exposure to new 12974: 12532: 12298: 12288: 12221: 12087: 12030: 12025: 12015: 11932: 11927: 11749: 11699: 11694: 11524: 11444: 11427: 11417: 11401: 11317: 10858: 10737: 10733: 10559: 10401: 10148: 10063: 10039: 9814: 9796: 9618: 9575: 8785: 8761: 8647: 8623: 8594: 8568: 8325: 8313: 8309: 8282: 8259: 8243: 8027: 7920: 7884: 7868: 7859: 7765: 7483: 7459: 7376: 7358: 7309: 7301: 7260: 7252: 7221: 7197: 7168: 6490: 6292: 6075: 5797: 5716: 5587: 5045: 5021: 4736: 4508: 4465:, was released worldwide to great critical and popular acclaim. It was directed by 4455:

Visual and performing arts are strong features of Inuit culture. In 2002 the first

4447: 4210: 4119:, which replaced the TFN with the ratification of the Nunavut Final Agreement. The 3944: 3299: 2448: 2319: 2302: 2116: 2101: 2082: 2062: 1962: 1947: 1776: 1694: 1670: 1499: 1285: 1234: 977: 834: 163: 151: 8573: 8554: 8031: 7157:

Lieb, Clarence W. (1926). "The Effects of an Exclusive Long-Continued Meat Diet".

6579: 4838: 2797:) and "unproductive people", but this is not generally true. In a culture with an 2307: 2078:(Labrador), and the Northwest Territories, where it is also an official language. 13357: 13344: 13152: 13024: 12753: 12663: 12580: 12575: 12283: 12276: 12160: 12040: 12010: 11922: 11902: 11797: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11679: 11579: 11376: 11361: 11349: 10690: 10680: 10670: 10598: 9939: 9646: 9462: 8093:

Milton's Teeth and Ovid's Umbrella: Curiouser and Curiouser Adventures in History

7041:

Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Nutrition, Botany and Use

6454: 6429: 6377: 4741: 4534: 4523: 4466: 4254: 4016: 3980: 3853: 3095: 3041: 2928: 2882: 2809: 2708: 2677: 2632: 2607: 2097: 1993: 1740: 1539: 1392: 1381: 984: 965: 689: 664: 401: 266: 159: 155: 137: 8687: 8501:] may have killed one out of every five female babies between 1880 and 1940" 7924: 7305: 7289: 7256: 5912: 5591: 5578:

Palmer, Jay W. (January 1999). "The Dorset: An Enigma = Le Dorset: une énigme".

5304: 4238: 3841:. Inuit population growth in the region was largely flat between 2006 and 2016. 2587:, made of animal skins supported by a frame of bones or wood. Some, such as the 13416: 13295: 13176: 12949: 12911: 12700: 12507: 12434: 12310: 11897: 11874: 11787: 11519: 11356: 11214: 11004: 10895: 10769: 10714: 10631: 10187:

Images of Justice: A Legal History of the Northwest Territories and Yellowknife

8749: 8087: 7807:

Conceptual Structural Design: Bridging the Gap Between Architects and Engineers

5916: 4488: 4441: 4346: 4250: 4170: 4112: 4058: 4008: 4000: 3992: 3968: 3830:. In Nunatsiavut, Inuit population grew by 6.0 per cent between 2006 and 2016. 3793: 3496: 3409: 3269: 3224: 3198: 3173: 3113: 3037: 2858: 2817: 2750: 2704: 2700: 2688: 2673: 2623: 2533: 2464: 2444: 2402: 2338: 1920: 1834: 1728: 1720:

smaller camps scattered across the north began to congregate in these hamlets.

1523: 1454:

A European ship coming into contact with Inuit in the ice of Hudson Bay in 1697

1423: 1347: 1343: 1199: 1147: 1012: 752: 717: 586: 284: 183: 7504: 6989: 6756: 6732: 6708: 6687: 6660:"Words First An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada" 6637: 1550:

Hudson's Bay Company Ships bartering with Inuit off the Upper Savage Islands,

13410: 13285: 13098: 13014: 12999: 12828: 12790: 12693: 12658: 12618: 12497: 12464: 10968: 10848: 10685: 10675: 10662: 10613: 10051: 9792: 9758: 8936:"Tirigusuusiit, Piqujait and Maligait: Inuit Perspectives on Traditional Law" 8773: 8635: 8582: 8321: 8255: 8136: 8015: 7880: 7471: 7354: 7209: 6545: 5599: 5033: 4930: 4480: 4476: 4413: 4369: 4357: 4334: 4198: 4158: 4020: 4012: 3940: 3667: 3356: 3103: 2978: 2762: 2657: 2440: 2377: 2138: 2105: 1982: 1946:(Kalaallisut) word for 'the people'. Since Inuktitut and Kalaallisut are the 1924: 1571: 1551: 1511: 1507: 1473: 1435: 1362:

for Nunavummiut (Nunavut Inuit) and Nunavimmiut (Northern Quebec Inuit), and

1187: 1131: 1066: 791: 694: 510: 475: 206: 11225: 10228: 10043: 9602: 9579: 9046: 8142:

A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean

8026:. Vol. I: North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 125–200. 7463: 7201: 6604: 5853:"Late-18th and Early-19th-Century Inuit and Europeans in Southern Labrador" 5801: 4141:

In 1953, Denmark put an end to the colonial status of Greenland and granted

3102:

of a community of Inuit was not the leader, but rather a sort of healer and

1862: 1331:

while the most southern community within the traditional Inuit territory of

1304: 13237: 12969: 12861: 12823: 12800: 12512: 10908: 10823: 10059: 9332: 7323: 7274: 6665:. Communications Branch, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. October 2002. 5809: 5329: 4456: 4383: 4258: 4150: 4085: 3375: 2974: 2916: 2888: 2798: 2603: 2544:(parka) is made in a similar fashion by Arctic peoples from Europe through 2522: 2501: 2249: 2158: 2042: 2019: 1951: 1784: 1602: 1575: 1567: 1250: 1213: 1183: 1179: 1042: 1000: 563: 446: 178: 10067: 9818: 9810: 9563: 8789: 8651: 8598: 8329: 8277:

Kjellstrom, Rolf (1974). "Senilicide and Invalidicide among the Eskimos".

8263: 7888: 7487: 7479: 7380: 7372: 7225: 7217: 6634:

American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition, 2000

5049: 4270: 3648: 2564:), could be made of caribou or seal skin, and designed for men and women. 1303:

In Canada and Greenland, Inuit circulated almost exclusively north of the

13280: 13250: 13123: 13034: 13009: 12984: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12743: 12683: 11164: 11024: 10702: 10695: 9921:

Arctic Spirit: Inuit Art from the Albrecht Collection at the Heard Museum

9587: 8247: 5209: 4500: 4417: 4402: 4310: 4066: 4048: 3849: 3827: 3318: 3220: 2977:

was thought non-existent in Inuit society before the introduction of the

2970: 2912: 2850: 2627: 2514: 2246: 2154: 2146: 2075: 2046: 2011: 1842: 1810: 1801: 1768: 1756: 1723:

Regular visits from doctors and access to modern medical care raised the

1706: 1570:

such as Great Whale River (1820), today the site of the twin villages of

1422:

After about 1350, the climate grew colder during the period known as the

1332: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1082: 996: 669: 301: 42: 10398:

The long exile: a tale of Inuit betrayal and survival in the high Arctic

10381:

The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic

8299: 8286: 7952:(Report). Greenland National Museum & Archives. 2015. Archived from 7872: 6297: 5305:"When 'Eskimo' and 'Inuit' are not the same thing: looking inside words" 5244: 5205:"Expert says 'meat-eater' name Eskimo an offensive term placed on Inuit" 4511:

outside their previous cultural boundaries. The stressors regarding the

4065:

oversees only the four official regions, there remains the unrecognized

2773:

peoples, Inuit, like their non-Inuit neighbors, tended to be merciless.

1998: 1403: 1355: 12848: 12818: 12542: 10928: 10870: 10754: 10496:

Critical Inuit studies: an anthology of contemporary Arctic ethnography

10428:

Chronicles of Ancient Darkness: Wolf Brother; Spirit Walker; Soul Eater

8781: 8643: 7037:"Chapter 4. Descriptions and Uses of Plant Foods by Indigenous Peoples" 6994: 6936:

The Language of the Inuit: Syntax, Semantics, and Society in the Arctic

6761: 6737: 6713: 6551:

American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America

5269: 4664: 4425: 4387:

An Inuit woman uses a traditional amauti and a modern western stroller.

4361: 4281: 4081: 4024: 3976: 3900: 3762: 3610: 3553: 2908: 2824: 2190: 2182: 2162: 2128: 1912: 1752: 1724: 1638:

Native customs were worn down by the actions of the RCMP, who enforced

1631: 1618: 1590: 1376: 1271:

brought by contact with Europeans led to their extinction as a people.

1258: 1123: 1090: 452: 10976: 10791: 9739:

Position paper for the 5th NRF open Assembly, September 24th–27th 2008

8590: 5263:

Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2021).

5231:

Mailhot, José (1978). "L'etymologie de "esquimau" revue et corrigée".

5041: 4909:"Inuit population by residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat, 2016" 4186: 1119: 1078: 1054: 13255: 12964: 12888: 12866: 12638: 12537: 12517: 11054: 10981: 10746: 10252:

In Order to Live Untroubled: Inuit of the Central Arctic 1550 to 1940

9664:[Interview with Jean-Michel Huctin, co-author of Tour Inuk]. 9623: 8916:"Out in the cold: What the TB crisis in Nunavut reveals about Canada" 5838: 4768:"Inuit, Inuk (Linguistic recommendation from the Translation Bureau)" 4293: 4142: 4132: 3988: 3572: 3070: 3059: 2904: 2896: 2734: 2526: 2518: 2497: 2493: 2485: 2460: 2331: 2285: 2274:

The ancient art of face tattooing among Inuit women, which is called

2238: 2150: 2133:

Inuit have traditionally been fishermen and hunters. They still hunt

2050: 2015: 1939: 1535: 1439: 1339: 1209: 1143: 1049:

in 1985, Inuit of Greenland are Danish citizens and, as such, remain

929: 925: 548: 465: 306: 10586: 8765: 8627: 6281:"The Arctic Institute of North America: The Origin of the Institute" 4503:

was an Inuit artist who made miniature sculptures out of soapstone.

4072: 13316: 13275: 12853: 12633: 12293: 11322: 11059: 11049: 10938: 10933: 10923: 10805: 10450: 9860:"Inuk journalist awarded for best image in human rights exhibition" 8395:

A Yupiaq Worldview: A Pathway to Ecology and Spirit, Second Edition

5520:

A Prehistory of the North: Human Settlement of the Higher Latitudes

5025: 4326: 4322: 4149:

was passed with 75 per cent approval. Although still a part of the

4052: 3857: 3629: 3337: 3010: 2900: 2794: 2793:

A pervasive European myth about Inuit is that they killed elderly (

2729: 2661: 2653: 2419: 2414: 2406: 2388: 2289: 2276: 2269: 2142: 1656: 1647: 1594: 1371: 1308: 1127: 1074: 933: 68: 63: 12705: 10431:. Issues 1–3 of Chronicles of ancient darkness. Orion Children's. 10339:

Kiumajut (talking Back): Game Management and Inuit Rights, 1900–70

9068:

Roberts, John A.; Sproule, Fredrick C.; Montgomery, Randy (2006).

7587:"Keeping Tradition Alive: The Inuit Tattoo Revitalization Project" 6318:

Arctic Power: The Path to Responsible Government in Canada's North

5464:

Tooth wear and the sexual division of labor in an Inuit population

4515:

among teenagers have led to disturbingly high numbers of suicide.

2417:. Where natural landmarks were insufficient, Inuit would erect an 2326: 1751:

In the 1960s, the Canadian government funded the establishment of

1032: 13290: 13245: 12994: 12843: 12833: 12678: 12673: 12653: 12643: 11019: 11014: 10986: 10913: 10863: 10853: 10759: 10724: 9444: 5286:"Eskimo, Inuit, and Inupiaq: Do these terms mean the same thing?" 4166: 4154: 4044: 4040: 3996: 3984: 3955: 3936: 3912: 3816: 3800: 3591: 3280: 3235: 3194: 3162: 3091: 2892: 2727:. One of the customs following the birth of an infant was for an 2665: 2656:: many Inuit relationships were implicitly or explicitly sexual. 2506: 2214: 2194: 2186: 2170: 2086: 2071: 2066: 1601:

were widely read after they were both published in 1824. Captain

1515: 1488: 1431: 1416: 1388: 1328: 1139: 1100:

Many individuals who would have historically been referred to as

992: 941: 297: 293: 12358: 9964: 9288:"Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census" 8464: 8443: 7737: 7735: 5903:

Jensen, Anne M.; Sheehan, Glenn W.; MacLean, Stephen A. (2009).

2567: 2038:

or Russian predominantly with some Inupiaq linguistic features.

1106:

find that term offensive or forced upon them in a colonial way;

13211: 13019: 12989: 12959: 12921: 12893: 12838: 12552: 12389: 10996: 10964: 10885: 10829: 10812: 10798: 9662:"Entretien avec Jean-Michel Huctin, co-auteur du Voyage d'Inuk" 9607:

The celebration of an Inuit winter feast in the central Arctic"

8806:

Gift of the Whale: The Inupiat Bowhead Hunt, a Sacred Tradition

6035:

Inuit & Englishmen: The Nunavut Voyages of Martin Frobisher

4866:"Inuit Sign Language: a contribution to sign language typology" 4519: 4318: 4286: 3928: 3908: 3904: 3812: 3724: 3183: 2969:

or Inuit traditional laws are anthropologically different from

2854: 2846: 2696: 2637: 2617: 2588: 2556: 2550: 2541: 2537: 2474: 2410: 2253: 2166: 1916: 1876: 1820:(TFN) was incorporated, in order to take over negotiations for 1772: 1689:

for several reasons. These were to include protecting Canada's

1643: 1531: 1427: 1191: 1102: 953: 937: 921: 846: 280: 10225: 9775:"Inuit myopia: an environmentally induced "epidemic"?" 7505:"Inuk woman shares the meaning behind her traditional tattoos" 6175:

The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation

4913:

Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census

4564:(ISR) also includes the Yukon North Slope in the territory of 3822:

The 2016 Canada Census found there were 6,450 Inuit living in

12710: 10943: 10918: 10875: 10818: 9773:

Morgan, R.W.; Speakman, J.S.; Grimshaw, S.E. (8 March 1975).

8532:. Garden City, New York: American Museum of Natural History. 8476: 7995: 7983: 7971: 7732: 7613:"How Inuit Women Are Using Tattoos to Reclaim Their Own Skin" 4565: 3799:

The largest population of Inuit in Canada as of 2016 live in

3394: 3046: 2802: 2738: 2724: 2583: 2577: 2517:

and figurative works carved in relatively soft stone such as

2510: 2397: 2372: 2356: 2343: 2210: 2198: 2174: 2134: 2119:

and is almost extinct as only around 50 people still use it.

1919:

meaning 'a person who laces a snowshoe', but is also used in

1828: 1492: 1195: 1135: 1086: 949: 201: 10360:

Arctic Clothing of North America – Alaska, Canada, Greenland

10027: 9552:, p. 1, Supplementary Materials, pp. 109–112, Table S1. 9549: 7902:

Levy, Richard M.; Dawson, Peter C.; Arnold, Charles (2004).

5404: 4483:

Jean-Michel Huctin. One of the most famous Inuit artists is

3975:(NGO), which defines its constituency as Canada's Inuit and 1654:

in the 19th and 20th centuries, through rituals such as the

1278:

research has supported the theory of continuity between the

13265: 13260: 10357:

King, J. C. H.; Pauksztat, Birgit; Storrie, Robert (2005).

8119:"From Skeptic to Believer: The Making of an Oral Historian" 8024:

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas

7947:

The Cultural History of the Innaanganeq/Cape York Meteorite

6831: 6813: 6795: 5354:

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas

4365: 4249:

in August 2014 examined a large number of remains from the

3686: 2758: 2545: 2202: 2181:

and at times other less commonly eaten animals such as the

2178: 1396: 1363: 1359: 972:, also known as Inuit-Yupik-Unangan, and also as Eskaleut. 31: 3837:. The majority, 3,110, live in the six communities of the 2492:

Inuit industry relied almost exclusively on animal hides,

2427:, which are tactile devices that represent the coastline. 2405:. These dogs were bred from wolves, for transportation. A 2241:

could be obtained from items in their traditional diet of

843: 10880: 10603: 9900:

Inuit Women: Their Powerful Spirit in a Century of Change

9732: 9693:"Northern resident helps bridge the gap between cultures" 9043:"The Canadian Association of Aboriginal Entrepreneurship" 8497:"Female infanticide: northern exposure – Intuit [ 7238: 6045: 4111:

was signed on May 25, 1993, in Iqaluit by Prime Minister

2592: 1625:

traders, missionaries or government agents. In 1939, the

849: 840: 10623: 10591: 9879:

Names and Nunavut: Culture and Identity in Arctic Canada

9067: 9018:"Aurora borealis observation journal of Sir George Back" 7714:"The Official Animal of Nunavut: The Canadian Inuit Dog" 7422:. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. February 2009. Archived from 4953:"Aboriginal rights and freedoms not affected by Charter" 3856:(formerly known as "Labrador-metis") reside in southern 2861:

mentions diverse studies ranging from 15 to 80 percent.

2602:

as a primary resource of Iron, using a technique called

1896:

was not generally accepted as a term for the Yupik, and

1261:

were likely the last remnants of the Dorset culture, or

1165:

Indigenous peoples in Canada § Paleo-Indians period

9182:"Indigenous Population Profile, Statistics Canada 2021" 7185: 6335: 4479:

by Mike Magidson and co-written by Magidson and French

4368:, Greenland staging in 2002. In other sporting events, 4003:

which disproportionately affects Inuit population. The

2699:

structure was flexible: a household might consist of a

2548:

and the Americas, including Inuit. The back part of an

11268: 9772: 6162:(Press release). Government of Canada. 18 August 2010. 5547:

Archaeology and Environment in the Scoresby Sund Fjord

4097:

Northwest Territories in the west. It was the largest

2903:. Autopsies near Greenland reveal that, more commonly 2355:

and Americans who still produce them under Inuit name

2341:

from single-passenger, seal-skin covered boats called

1045:

migrations from Canada by 1100 CE. Although Greenland

10608: 10296:

Hauser, Michael; Holtved, Erik; Jensen, Bent (2010).

9531: 9519: 8145:. London: A. Strahan and T. Cadell. pp. 114–162. 6006:

Arctic Labyrinth: The Quest for the Northwest Passage

5334:

Territorial Groups of West-Central Alaska Before 1898

5152:

Goats and Soda: Stories of a Life in a Changing World

4518:

A series of authors have focused upon the increasing

4101:

agreement in Canadian history. In November 1992, the

1138:). Therefore, the Aleut (Unangan) and Yupik peoples ( 916:) are a group of culturally and historically similar 861: 10356: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9268: 8887:

Morrison, David A.; Germain, Georges-Hébert (1995).

8716:. In Brigitte Bechtold; Donna Cooper Graves (eds.). 8552: 5902: 5470:(Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Archived from 5262: 4537:

went viral after the 2013 anti-fracking protests at

2934:

Dr. Kevin Patterson, a physician, wrote an op-ed in

1663: 852: 10295: 10208:

Encounters on the Passage: Inuit meet the explorers

9831: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9305: 7534:"Catholic church marks 100 years in Eastern Arctic" 6378:"Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement (COPE)" 5898: 5896: 5496:. Penguin (University of California). p. 256. 5344: 2387:In winter, both on land and on sea ice, Inuit used 837: 10536: 10416:. Season 48. 12 February 2009. CBC. Archived from 10227: 9943: 9319:"Aboriginal Peoples Highlight Tables, 2016 Census" 9069: 7011:Gadsby, Patricia; Steele, Leon (19 January 2004). 6905: 6404:"Nunavut's Aglukkaq named federal health minister" 5489: 5398: 4931:"Maps of Inuit Nunangat (Inuit Regions of Canada)" 4819: 4451:Inuit seal hunter in a kayak, armed with a harpoon 4031:. At that event they signed the Nuuk Declaration. 2652:The marital customs among Inuit were not strictly 2296: 2026:, which belong to the Inuit-Inupiaq branch of the 71:Inuit women and child in traditional parkas (1999) 10445: 10336:Kulchyski, Peter Keith; Tester, Frank J. (2007). 9477:. Irc.inuvialuit.com. 5 June 1984. Archived from 9265: 8349:(second ed.). University of Nebraska Press. 7716:. Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. Archived from 7339:"The paleopathology of the cardiovascular system" 6875:"Official Languages of the Northwest Territories" 6135:Inuit Education and Schools in the Eastern Arctic 5492:Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail Or Succeed 3833:As of 2016, there were 4,080 Inuit living in the 13408: 13206: 10478:. Vol. 1: A–I. ABC-CLIO. pp. 390–395. 9938: 9716:"Cape Dorset named most 'artistic' municipality" 9302: 8992:"When Survival Means Preserving Oral Traditions" 8470: 8449: 7901: 7561:"Reclaiming Inuit culture, one tattoo at a time" 7558: 6965:Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages 6099:. Vol. VIII (1851–1860) (online ed.). 5923:(second ed.). Academic Press. p. 630. 5893: 5378:Dean, William G.; Matthews, Geoffrey J. (1998). 5371: 5351:Trigger, Bruce G.; Washburn, Wilcomb E. (1996). 3058:The environment in which Inuit lived inspired a 1487:An anonymous 1578 illustration believed to show 1194:around 1000 CE. They had split from the related 1114:for a large sub-group of these people. The word 12475:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 10408:"Inuit Odyssey: History of the Thule Migration" 10335: 9869: 9754:"Short-sightedness may be tied to refined diet" 9503:. 2.statcan.ca. 21 January 2003. Archived from 8886: 8177:Eskimo Essays: Yup'ik Lives and how We See Them 7638:"Tunniit: Retracing the Lines of Inuit Tattoos" 7399:"Inuit lifespan stagnates while Canada's rises" 7392: 7390: 6939:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 62. 6855:. Government of the Northwest Territories. 1998 6850:"Official Languages Act (Northwest Territories" 6814:"Inuit Language Protection Act, SNu 2008, c 17" 6172: 5979:"The International Fishery of the 16th Century" 5544:Sandell, Hanne Tuborg; Sandell, Birger (1991). 5411:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 28–29. 5350: 4161:), Greenland, known as Kalaallit Nunaat in the 1463: 1410: 1335:and in the world is L'anse au Clair, Labrador. 1295: 1289: 1279: 1262: 1244: 1238: 1220: 1203: 895: 881: 13427:History of indigenous peoples of North America 10492: 10006: 9897:Billson, Janet Mancini; Mancini, Kyra (2007). 9896: 9600: 8748: 8482: 8173: 8001: 7989: 7977: 7741: 7610: 7287: 7031: 6961:"The languages of Nunavut: A delicate balance" 6622: 6009:. University of California Press. p. 20. 5866: 5543: 4209:, is in the Inupiat region. Their language is 3811:As of 2016, there were 13,945 Inuit living in 2703:(or wives) and children; it might include his 2454: 1041:, also known as Kalaallit, are descendants of 13192: 12374: 11254: 11230: 10639: 9832:Rosenfield, Mark; Gilmartin, Bernard (1998). 9741:(Report). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. 8611: 7584: 7095: 6255:"Broken Promises: The High Arctic Relocation" 4857: 4839:"Overview of Comparative Inuit-Yupik-Unangan" 3090:Inuit practiced a form of shamanism based on 2776: 1401: 809: 10316: 10120:Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family 10038:(6200) (published 29 August 2014): 1255832. 10007:Ohokak, Gwen; Kadlun, Margo; Harnum, Betty. 9942:; Kral, Michael J.; Dyck, Ronald J. (1998). 9639:"Biography of the Honourable Leona Aglukkaq" 9550:Raghavan, DeGiorgio & Albrechtsen (2014) 8856: 8854: 8425:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 21. 7387: 7330: 7010: 6652: 6472: 6470: 5996: 5377: 5165: 5163: 5161: 4983:"Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada" 4591: 4589: 3023:Mariano Aupilaarjuk, Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, 2618:Gender roles, marriage, birth, and community 2053:) are spoken. Inuvialuktun is spoken in the 1853:respectively from 1993 to 1996 and in 2003. 27:Indigenous peoples of northern North America 12786:Effects of global warming on marine mammals 12450:Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route 10561:Kenojuak: The Life Story of an Inuit Artist 10299:Traditional Inuit songs from the Thule area 10283:Freeman, Minnie Aodla (24 September 2020). 9601:Laugrand, Frédéric; Oosten, Jarich (2002). 9561: 9411: 9249: 9247: 7658: 6832:"Official Languages Act, RSNWT 1988, c O-1" 6353: 5841:. Rigolet Inuit Community Government. 2017. 5481: 5357:. Cambridge University Press. p. 192. 5324: 5320: 5318: 5116:"Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs)" 4863: 4801:Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor 4772:Public Works and Government Services Canada 4475:, a Greenlandic-language feature film, was 3077:to help with healing. They relied upon the 2707:as well as adopted children; it might be a 13199: 13185: 12381: 12367: 11261: 11247: 10646: 10632: 10493:Stern, Pamela R.; Stevenson, Lisa (2006). 10074: 9562:Bass, Edward J.; Jackson, John F. (1977). 8276: 7856: 7803: 7451:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 7189:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 6926: 6784:. Government of Nunavut. 11 November 2013. 6599: 6597: 6533: 5872: 5384:. University of Toronto Press. p. 2. 5339: 5226: 5224: 3808:where Aboriginal peoples form a majority. 1829:Inuit cabinet members at the federal level 1387:Their first European contact was with the 1174:Dorset, Norse, and Thule cultures 900–1500 816: 802: 62: 10270:Freeman, Milton M. R. (24 October 2017). 10226:Forman, Werner; Burch, Ernest S. (1988). 9800: 9726: 9622: 9568:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 9215: 9213: 9076:. Emond Montgomery Publications. p. 8913: 8851: 8572: 7804:Larsen, Olga Popovic; Tyas, Andy (2003). 7499: 7497: 7362: 7336: 7313: 7264: 7150: 6897: 6779:"Consolidation of Official Languages Act" 6752: 6750: 6728: 6726: 6467: 6356:"Forced relocation of Inuit acknowledged" 6296: 5879:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 20. 5516: 5198: 5196: 5158: 5148:"Why You Probably Shouldn't Say 'Eskimo'" 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4864:Schuit, Joke; Baker, Anne; Pfau, Roland. 4586: 4376:in the 2003–2004 season, playing for the 1514:, not far from the settlement now called 41:"Inuk" redirects here. For the film, see 10513: 10302:. Vol. 2. Museum Tusculanum Press. 10162: 9985: 9713: 9501:"Aboriginal identity population in 2001" 9244: 9037: 9035: 8391: 8194: 6879:Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre 6796:"Official Languages Act, SNu 2008, c 10" 6576:"Cree Mailing List Digest November 1997" 6554:. Oxford University Press. p. 394. 6544: 6538: 6341: 6173:Dussault, René; Erasmus, George (1994). 6131: 6063: 6051: 6002: 5671: 5631:. Vol. CX, no. 5. p. 674. 5315: 5258: 5256: 5254: 4762: 4760: 4446: 4382: 4364:, Alberta, and a joint Iqaluit, Nunavut- 4280: 4071: 3954: 3045: 2789:Suicide among Canadian aboriginal people 2682: 2631: 2566: 2480: 2468: 2361: 2325: 2311:Inupiat man in a kayak, Noatak, Alaska, 2306: 1997: 1545: 1482: 1449: 1169: 13339:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement 10377: 10282: 10269: 10248: 9611:Journal de la Société des Américanistes 9176: 9174: 9172: 9114:. First-Nations.info. 21 September 2014 8994:. voices-unabridged.org. Archived from 8525: 7689: 7239:DiNicolantonio, JJ; O'Keefe, J (2017). 6594: 6519: 6502: 6500: 6310: 6308: 6088: 5620: 5523:. Rutgers University Press. p. 3. 5487: 5230: 5221: 5145: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4308:. Their traditional New Year is called 3935:data, there are 700 Alaskan Natives in 2865:waves to erode part of the bluffs near 1807:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement 1445: 1323:. The most southern Inuit community in 983:Canadian Inuit live throughout most of 14: 13409: 10116: 10023:from the original on 4 September 2012. 9917: 9537: 9525: 9371: 9210: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9152: 8989: 8342: 8135: 8110: 8086: 7753: 7494: 7405:from the original on 13 November 2015. 7396: 6932: 6824: 6747: 6723: 6568: 6479:"Inuit or Eskimo: Which names to use?" 6476: 6449: 6447: 6419: 6417: 6354:Fitzpatrick, Ashley (15 August 2012). 6314: 6278: 6213:Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 6182:Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 5577: 5193: 5141: 5139: 5137: 4977: 4975: 4888: 4876:from the original on 19 September 2015 4296:, carving, print making, textiles and 4207:northernmost city in the United States 3815:. The majority, about 11,795, live in 3031: 2488:girl's clothing from Western Greenland 2225:that Inuit used to gather their food. 1923:as meaning 'eater of raw meat' in the 1907:Though there is much debate, the word 1158: 1047:withdrew from the European Communities 1007:. These areas are known, primarily by 460:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada 13452:Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada 13447:Indigenous peoples in Atlantic Canada 13442:Hunter-gatherers of the United States 13180: 12362: 11242: 11229: 10627: 10609:National Inuit Organization in Canada 10564:. Manotick, Ontario: Penumbra Press. 10534: 10424: 10272:"Arctic Indigenous Peoples in Canada" 9838:. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 21. 9690: 9032: 8553:Freeman, Milton M.R. (October 1971). 8494: 8418: 8363: 8200: 8116: 7102:Uqalurait: An Oral History of Nunavut 7096:Bennett, John; Rowley, Susan (2004). 6903: 6867: 6842: 6410:from the original on 19 January 2009. 6064:Pedersen, Anne-Marie (8 March 2016). 5954:"Basque Whaling in Red Bay, Labrador" 5740: 5302: 5251: 5202: 5172:"Inuit or Eskimo: Which name to use?" 5122:from the original on 25 December 2015 5005: 5003: 4757: 4556: 4554: 4408:Well-known Inuit politicians include 4372:became the first Inuk to play in the 4115:and by Paul Quassa, the president of 3874:According to the 2018 edition of the 3150: 3147: 2591:, used driftwood, while others built 2366:Covered Inuit basket, Alaska, undated 1608: 1163:For earlier pre-contact history, see 995:in the northern third of Quebec, the 486:Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women 10557: 10469: 10204: 10183: 10110:Bibliography of Canadian Aboriginals 9875: 9780:Canadian Medical Association Journal 9321:. Statistics Canada. 2 October 2020. 8928: 8802: 8711: 8302:Southwestern journal of anthropology 8117:Burch, Ernest S. Jr. (Spring 1991). 8013: 7559:Jennifer Allford (23 October 2019). 7397:Spicer, Jonathan (23 January 2008). 7156: 6836:Canadian Legal Information Institute 6818:Canadian Legal Information Institute 6800:Canadian Legal Information Institute 6771: 6497: 6305: 5773: 5672:Davidson, Floyd L. (26 April 2004). 5623:"Vanished Mystery Men of Hudson Bay" 5460: 5009: 4945: 4825: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4685: 4650: 4623: 3959:Inuit Circumpolar Conference members 2185:. The typical Inuit diet is high in 1430:natives were able to continue their 1358:for Alaskan Iñupiat and Inuvialuit, 1237:-speaking peoples to the south, the 1053:. In the United States, the Alaskan 928:regions of North America, including 285:Inuit Nunangat / ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑦ 87:Regions with significant populations 13160: 13005:Northern indigenous Russian peoples 10592:Inuit Circumpolar Council Greenland 10363:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 10190:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 9992:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 9751: 9722:from the original on 8 August 2007. 9659: 9653: 9419:"Inuit Circumpolar Council Charter" 9393: 9379:"Greenland: Brain drain to Denmark" 9192: 9149: 8893:. Canadian Museum of Civilization. 8398:(Second ed.). Waveland Press. 8157:"CBC's David McLauchlin dies at 56" 7754:Gadacz, René R. (20 October 2015). 7690:Hegener, Helen (30 December 2008). 7611:John Geoghegan (10 February 2021). 6525: 6444: 6414: 5274:(24th ed.). SIL International. 5134: 4972: 4941:from the original on 14 April 2021. 4401:, such as storytelling, mythology, 2435:, the official animal of Nunavut, ( 2028:Inuit-Yupik-Unangan language family 1976: 1746: 24: 13064:Arctic Refuge drilling controversy 11270:Ethnic origins of people in Canada 10539:Historical Dictionary of the Inuit 10103: 10081:Handbook of North American Indians 9132: 9045:. Aurora-inn.mb.ca. Archived from 8990:Eileen, Travers (1 January 2003). 8914:Patterson, Kevin (29 March 2018). 8503:. Findarticles.com. Archived from 8392:Kawagley, Angayuqaq Oscar (2006). 8373:. Alaska Native Science Commission 8279:Folk: Dansk Etnografisk Tidsskrift 8163:from the original on 20 June 2008. 7585:Ross Howerton (6 September 2016). 7337:Zimmerman, M.R. (1 January 1993). 6971:from the original on 6 August 2014 6908:Historical Dictionary of the Inuit 6506: 5774:Park, Robert W. (29 August 2014). 5708:National Museum of Natural History 5700:"Arctic Studies Center Newsletter" 5431: 5381:Concise Historical Atlas of Canada 5169: 5146:Hersher, Rebecca (24 April 2016). 5096:from the original on 17 March 2016 5000: 4797:"Indigenous peoples of the Arctic" 4551: 2955: 2749:Virtually all Inuit cultures have 2041:In Canada, three Inuit languages ( 1426:. During this period, Russian and 1178:Inuit are the descendants of what 25: 13463: 12388: 11127:Bering Straits Native Corporation 11117:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 10580: 10010:Inuinnaqtun to English Dictionary 8890:Inuit: Glimpses of an Arctic Past 8495:Bower, Bruce (26 November 1994). 7417:"Inuit & Cancer: Fact sheets" 6219:from the original on 13 May 2006. 6093:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). 5203:Purdy, Chris (27 November 2015). 4845:. University of Alaska, Fairbanks 4778: 4352:An important biennial event, the 4276: 2993:refers to what has to be followed 1904:has gained acceptance in Alaska. 1664:The Second World War to the 1960s 1518:. Frobisher encountered Inuit on 1307:, with the exception of Inuit in 1057:are traditionally located in the 962:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia 212:Indigenous people of the Americas 13159: 13148: 13147: 12734:Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 12591:Queen Elizabeth Islands Subplate 12470:Territorial claims in the Arctic 10723: 10604:Inuit Circumpolar Council Alaska 10499:. University of Nebraska Press. 10255:. University of Manitoba Press. 10234:. University of Oklahoma Press. 9852: 9825: 9766: 9745: 9707: 9684: 9631: 9594: 9555: 9493: 9467: 9449: 9437: 9350: 9325: 9126: 9104: 9061: 9010: 8983: 8958: 8907: 8880: 8823: 8796: 8742: 8705: 8680: 8658: 8605: 8546: 8519: 8488: 8471:Leenaars, Kral & Dyck (1998) 8455: 8450:Leenaars, Kral & Dyck (1998) 8412: 8385: 8371:"What is Traditional Knowledge?" 8336: 8293: 8270: 8225: 8167: 8149: 8129: 8080: 8048: 8007: 7939: 7895: 7850: 7824: 7797: 7772: 7747: 7706: 7683: 7630: 7604: 7578: 7552: 7526: 7441: 7409: 7281: 7232: 7173:10.1001/jama.1926.02680010025006 6477:Kaplan, Lawrence (1 July 2011). 6096:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 5776:"Stories of Arctic colonization" 5303:Rofes, Adrià (18 January 2016). 4638:"The World Factbook (Greenland)" 3918: 3005:refers to what has to be avoided 2571:Group of Inuit building an igloo 2423:. Also, Greenland Inuit created 1884:In 2011, Lawrence Kaplan of the 833: 785: 774: 326: 12440:Arctic cooperation and politics 10211:. University of Toronto Press. 9971:. University of Toronto Press. 9950:. University of Toronto Press. 8688:"Kikkik, When Justice Was Done" 7179: 7125: 7106:McGill-Queen's University Press 7089: 7057: 7025: 7004: 6983: 6953: 6912:. Scarecrow Press. p. 75. 6806: 6788: 6702: 6672: 6396: 6370: 6347: 6272: 6247: 6223: 6198: 6166: 6152: 6125: 6116: 6107: 6082: 6066:"Labrador Inuit (Labradormiut)" 6057: 6023: 5971: 5946: 5937: 5845: 5831: 5767: 5734: 5692: 5665: 5643:"Aboriginal 7 – Life in Canada" 5635: 5614: 5571: 5537: 5510: 5454: 5425: 5296: 5278: 5108: 5082: 5056: 4923: 4831: 4420:, member of parliament for the 4331:Legislative Assembly of Nunavut 4231:Birnirk culture § Genetics 4027:and Norwegian Foreign Minister 3151:Inuit population concentration 3128: 3025:Perspectives on Traditional Law 2723:, and have been referred to as 2612:American Natural History Museum 2297:Transport, navigation, and dogs 1856: 1818:Tunngavik Federation of Nunavut 432:British Columbia Treaty Process 13437:Hunter-gatherers of the Arctic 12548:Populated places in the Arctic 11170:Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated 10016:. Kitikmeot Heritage Society. 9701:Aboriginal Multi-Media Society 8718:An Encyclopedia of Infanticide 8672:. 21 June 2002. Archived from 8314:10.1086/SOUTJANTH.11.4.3628908 8242:(3): 577–610. September 1998. 7832:"Warm Season Dwellings: Tupiq" 7810:. Thomas Telford. p. 19. 6933:Dorais, Louis-Jacques (2010). 6487:University of Alaska Fairbanks 6315:Parker, John Havelock (1996). 6279:Parkin, Raleigh (March 1966). 5921:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 5180:University of Alaska Fairbanks 5090:"The Greenland Treaty of 1985" 5064:"The Greenland Treaty of 1985" 4991:Department of Justice (Canada) 4963:Department of Justice (Canada) 4872:. Universiteit van Amsterdam. 4843:Alaska Native Language Archive 4742:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 4729: 4269:Inuit people tend to have the 4227:Dorset culture § Genetics 4223:Saqqaq culture § Genetics 4126: 4117:Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated 2509:and whaling, were carved from 2002:Distribution of Inuit dialects 1890:University of Alaska Fairbanks 1874:In the United States the term 1739:Although anthropologists like 1685:undertook what was called the 1629:found, in a decision known as 1051:citizens of the European Union 149:Non-native European languages: 13: 1: 13071:Pollution in the Arctic Ocean 12596:Southeast Bathurst Fault Zone 10449:; Galantiere, Lewis (1996) . 10163:Crandall, Richard C. (2000). 9714:CBC Arts (13 February 2006). 9699:. Vol. 16, no. 12. 8574:10.1525/AA.1971.73.5.02A00020 8032:10.1017/CHOL9780521573924.004 7694:. Mushinghistory.blogspot.com 7343:Texas Heart Institute Journal 6483:Alaska Native Language Center 6132:McGregor, Heather E. (2010). 6003:Williams, Glyn (March 2010). 5674:"Re: Barrow Boy gibberish..." 5443:. p. 324. Archived from 5176:Alaska Native Language Center 4575: 4243:A genetic study published in 4108:Nunavut Land Claims Agreement 3973:non-governmental organization 3950: 3939:, many of whom are Inuit and 3893:Greenlandic people in Denmark 3137:Inuit Demographics by Region 2999:refers to what has to be done 2705:parents or his wife's parents 2312: 2228:In the 1920s, anthropologist 1886:Alaska Native Language Center 1294:people. In contrast to other 920:traditionally inhabiting the 12776:Climate change in the Arctic 12528:Impact craters of the Arctic 10123:. Harvard University Press. 9986:Mitchell, Marybelle (1996). 9903:. Rowman & Littlefield. 9870:General and cited references 9752:Fox, Doulas (5 April 2002). 9691:Black, Joan (1 April 1999). 9475:"Inuvialuit Final Agreement" 8966:"Tirigusuusiit and Maligait" 8831:"Barrow Visitors Guide 2006" 8483:Billson & Mancini (2007) 8343:Oswalt, Wendell H. (1999) . 8180:. Rutgers University Press. 8174:Fienup-Riordan, Ann (1990). 8002:Billson & Mancini (2007) 7990:Billson & Mancini (2007) 7978:Billson & Mancini (2007) 6406:. CBC News. 30 August 2008. 5580:North American Archaeologist 5434:"Qaummaarviit Historic Park" 4580: 4562:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 4235:Thule people § Genetics 3863: 3839:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 3826:including 2,285 who live in 3406:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 3266:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 2805:against sacrificing elders. 2055:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 1987: 1464:Early contact with Europeans 1438:disappeared from Canada and 1338:In other areas south of the 1073:. In Russia, few pockets of 1005:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 437:Crown and Indigenous peoples 290:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 217:Indigenous people of Siberia 7: 12629:Canadian Arctic Archipelago 12571:Canadian Arctic Rift System 10474:. In Andrew J. Hund (ed.). 9668:(in French). Archived from 9229:United States Census Bureau 9135:"Greenlandic Inuit Beliefs" 8461:Boas, Franz (1964), p. 207) 8201:Qitsualik, Rachel Attituq. 8096:. Touchstone. p. 158. 7925:10.1080/1472586042000204825 7742:Ohokak, Kadlun & Harnum 7306:10.1136/openhrt-2016-000444 7288:DiNicolantonio, JJ (2016). 7257:10.1136/openhrt-2017-000673 7035:; Turner, Nancy J. (1991). 6733:Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian 6321:. Cider Press. p. 32. 6101:University of Toronto Press 6089:Johnson, Robert E. (1985). 5715:. June 2002. Archived from 5647:Library and Archives Canada 5592:10.2190/HLB1-LAU5-RDC5-WUU0 5517:Hoffecker, John F. (2005). 5461:Wood, Shannon Raye (1984). 4707:United States Census Bureau 4643:Central Intelligence Agency 4493:Mitiarjuk Attasie Nappaaluk 4462:Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner 4438:Prime Minister of Greenland 4271:dry variant of human earwax 4216: 4034: 4023:, Swedish Foreign Minister 3779: 2761:and Inuit, as witnessed by 2455:Industry, art, and clothing 1957:– for example, "people" is 1470:Norse colonies in Greenland 1274:In the early 21st century, 1219:Inuit legends speak of the 1212:, which was the last major 976:is a critically endangered 675:Indigenous English Dialects 10: 13468: 13432:Hunter-gatherers of Canada 12624:British Arctic Territories 11610:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 10517:White Lies about the Inuit 10321:. Sage Publications, Inc. 10107: 9666:iletaitunefoisleCinema.com 9564:"Cerumen types in Eskimos" 9358:"NunatuKavut Constitution" 8235:Canadian Historical Review 8125:. Vol. 6, no. 1. 7670:Asuilaak Living Dictionary 7137:Asuilaak Living Dictionary 6636:. Bartleby. Archived from 6039:Canadian Museum of History 5905:"Inuit and Marine Mammals" 5873:Weidensaul, Scott (2012). 5621:Collins, Henry B. (1956). 5488:Diamond, Jared M. (2006). 5408:Historical Atlas of Canada 4239:Sadlermiut § Genetics 4220: 4147:self-government referendum 4130: 4061:is within Canada, and the 4038: 3931:. According to 2019-based 3886: 3867: 3035: 2959: 2880: 2782: 2777:Suicide, murder, and death 2744: 2621: 2529:have also become popular. 2513:and bone. In modern times 2458: 2439:; Inuktitut for dog), the 2395:) for transportation. The 2300: 2267: 2263: 2126: 1991: 1980: 1863:Eskimo § Nomenclature 1860: 1697:(now Inukjuak, Quebec) to 1675:Distant Early Warning Line 1162: 1153: 40: 29: 13380: 13366: 13354: 13325: 13304: 13236: 13218: 13142: 13089: 13046: 12930: 12902: 12809: 12724: 12609: 12561: 12483: 12460:Inuit Circumpolar Council 12425: 12397: 12328: 12232: 12194: 12133: 12075: 12049: 11998: 11989: 11888: 11835: 11773: 11723: 11687: 11678: 11619:Central and South America 11618: 11567: 11546: 11539: 11502: 11481: 11460: 11410: 11384: 11375: 11276: 11236: 11231:Links to related articles 11210: 11184: 11147: 11137:NANA Regional Corporation 11112:Alaska Native corporation 11104: 11096:Inuit Circumpolar Council 11088: 11081: 11035: 10995: 10963: 10956: 10894: 10841: 10768: 10745: 10732: 10721: 10661: 10653: 10587:Inuit Circumpolar Council 10535:Stern, Pamela R. (2004). 10452:Kabloona: Among the Inuit 10378:McGrath, Melanie (2006). 10289:The Canadian Encyclopedia 10276:The Canadian Encyclopedia 10144:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9862:. CBC News. 23 June 2017. 9423:Inuit Circumpolar Council 8419:Burch, Ernest S. (1988). 8159:. CBC News. 26 May 2003. 7761:The Canadian Encyclopedia 6904:Stern, Pamela R. (2004). 6071:The Canadian Encyclopedia 4180: 4076:Regions of Inuit Nunangat 4005:Inuit Circumpolar Council 3965:Inuit Circumpolar Council 3925:2000 United States Census 3824:Newfoundland and Labrador 3706:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3210:Newfoundland and Labrador 2876: 2401:dog breed comes from the 2380:by patiently watching an 1930:In Canada and Greenland, 1851:parliamentary secretaries 1794:Inuit Tapirisat of Canada 1761:residential school system 1691:sovereignty in the Arctic 1652:converted to Christianity 1642:on Inuit. People such as 1615:North-West Mounted Police 1458: 896: 882: 873: 781:Indigenous North Americas 272: 262: 254: 238: 229: 197: 192: 174: 169: 136: 131: 123: 115: 107: 99: 91: 86: 81: 76: 61: 13326:Treaties and land claims 12771:Arctic methane emissions 11005:Inuit Nunangat ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑦ 10425:Paver, Michelle (2008). 10117:Briggs, Jean L. (1970). 10084:. Vol. 5 (Arctic). 9112:"Inuit Spirit Mythology" 6231:"High Arctic Relocation" 5272:: Languages of the World 4544: 4191:Northwest Arctic Borough 4185:Inuit of Alaska are the 2111:Finally, deaf Inuit use 1059:Northwest Arctic Borough 1025:Constitution Act of 1982 876:'the people', singular: 559:Indigenous personalities 13422:Ethnic groups in Canada 13333:Great Peace of Montreal 13312:Seven Nations of Canada 12445:Arctic Ocean Conference 12083:Nordic and Scandinavian 11155:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 11132:Cook Inlet Region, Inc. 10514:Steckley, John (2008). 10249:Fossett, Renée (2001). 10086:Smithsonian Institution 10044:10.1126/SCIENCE.1255832 9580:10.1002/ajpa.1330470203 9461:16 October 2011 at the 8560:American Anthropologist 7072:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 7000:(subscription required) 6767:(subscription required) 6743:(subscription required) 6719:(subscription required) 6460:Encyclopædia Britannica 5802:10.1126/science.1258607 5713:Smithsonian Institution 4935:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 4539:Elsipogtog First Nation 4530:David Pisurayak Kootook 4430:Commissioner of Nunavut 4394:Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit 4339:Commissioner of Nunavut 4285:Two Inuit elders share 4103:Nunavut Final Agreement 4063:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 3891:The population size of 2967:Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit 2962:Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit 2871:congenital birth defect 2687:An Inupiat family from 2122: 1714:Canada's prime minister 1627:Supreme Court of Canada 1589:twice over-wintered in 1502:'s 1576 search for the 1402: 1313:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 1243:gradually receded. The 1186:, who emerged from the 1077:communities of Russian 1009:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 13238:Ethnolinguistic groups 13222:Northeastern Woodlands 13104:Arctic shipping routes 10205:Eber, Dorothy (2008). 10184:Eber, Dorothy (1997). 10076:Sturtevant, William C. 9876:Alia, Valerie (2009). 9407:and SuburbanStats.org. 9261:and SuburbanStats.org. 9099:aurora borealis Inuit. 8940:Nunavut Arctic College 8526:Balikci, Asen (1970). 8281:. 16/17 (1): 117–124. 7098:"Chapter 5. Gathering" 6091:"William Edward Parry" 4987:Constitution Act, 1982 4958:Constitution Act, 1982 4710:. 2000. Archived from 4452: 4388: 4374:National Hockey League 4360:, Quebec, in 1976, in 4290: 4145:in 1979 and in 2008 a 4077: 4069:in southern Labrador. 3960: 3943:, and almost 7,000 in 3806:jurisdiction of Canada 3055: 3029: 2921:degenerative disorders 2843: 2692: 2641: 2572: 2489: 2478: 2425:Ammassalik wooden maps 2367: 2347:(Inuktitut syllabics: 2334: 2323: 2036:Central Siberian Yupik 2003: 1940:Eastern Canadian Inuit 1911:likely derives from a 1755:, government-operated 1687:High Arctic relocation 1555: 1496: 1455: 1411: 1296: 1290: 1280: 1263: 1245: 1239: 1221: 1204: 1175: 970:Eskimo–Aleut languages 36:Inuit (disambiguation) 34:. For other uses, see 13355:Regional councils and 13059:Petroleum exploration 12739:Arctic dipole anomaly 12716:North American Arctic 12669:Northwest Territories 12455:Ilulissat Declaration 10558:Walk, Ansgar (1999). 10317:Hund, Andrew (2012). 10108:Further information: 9918:Hessel, Ingo (2006). 9020:. Mccord-museum.qc.ca 8970:Listening to our past 8712:Hund, Andrew (2010). 8692:MysteriesofCanada.com 8346:Eskimos and Explorers 7464:10.1093/AJCN/25.8.737 7202:10.1093/AJCN/25.8.737 6513:alt.usage.english.org 4491:is a popular singer. 4450: 4399:traditional knowledge 4386: 4284: 4075: 3958: 3835:Northwest Territories 3255:Northwest Territories 3049: 3015: 2979:Canadian legal system 2829: 2783:Further information: 2755:Bloody Falls massacre 2686: 2635: 2570: 2484: 2472: 2365: 2329: 2310: 2234:low-carbohydrate diet 2230:Vilhjalmur Stefansson 2059:Northwest Territories 2024:Greenlandic languages 2001: 1847:Nancy Karetak-Lindell 1833:On October 30, 2008, 1640:Canadian criminal law 1549: 1486: 1453: 1395:centuries prior. The 1380:), who inhabited the 1350:for Russian Iñupiat, 1319:and one independent, 1173: 1071:Little Diomede Island 946:Northwest Territories 193:Related ethnic groups 13317:Iroquois Confederacy 13129:Transpolar Sea Route 10696:Proto-Inuit language 10614:Inuit Treaty Project 10597:25 June 2022 at the 10470:Sowa, Frank (2014). 10413:The Nature of Things 10166:Inuit Art: A History 10139:"Collections: Inuit" 9649:on 27 December 2014. 8666:"Remembering Kikkik" 8248:10.3138/CHR.79.3.577 7692:"The Inuit Sled Dog" 7645:Unikkaat Studios Inc 7033:Kuhnlein, Harriet V. 6609:Native-languages.org 5839:"Welcome to Rigolet" 5741:Hayes, M.G. (2001). 5233:Études/Inuit/Studies 4937:. 5 September 2008. 4609:Government of Canada 4306:Winnipeg Art Gallery 4302:2010 Winter Olympics 4298:Inuit throat singing 4163:Greenlandic language 4137:History of Greenland 3790:2006 Canadian census 3786:2016 Canadian census 3421:Prince Edward Island 2785:Suicide in Greenland 2678:forced on the couple 2598:Inuit also used the 2223:hunting technologies 1683:Government of Canada 1587:William Edward Parry 1574:(Cree-majority) and 1564:Hudson's Bay Company 1446:Post-contact history 685:Aboriginal syllabics 660:Indigenous languages 13305:Historical polities 13030:Arctic Winter Games 12796:Polar amplification 12764:ecology and history 12523:Greenland ice sheet 11160:Makivik Corporation 11122:Calista Corporation 11010:Inuvialuit Nunangit 10619:Inuit Atlas Project 10543:. Scarecrow Press. 10520:. Broadview Press. 10447:Poncins, Gontran De 10384:. Knopf Doubleday. 10291:. Historica Canada. 10278:. Historica Canada. 9940:Leenaars, Antoon A. 9835:Myopia and Nearwork 9507:on 13 December 2007 9481:on 10 February 2012 8946:on 21 February 2011 8868:on 24 December 2015 8809:. Sasquatch Books. 8803:Hess, Bill (2003). 8529:The Netsilik Eskimo 8020:Wilcomb E. Washburn 7873:10.14430/ARCTIC1393 7617:Inuit Art Quarterly 7514:. 29 September 2021 7013:"The Inuit Paradox" 6990:Inuit Sign Language 6820:. 10 November 2020. 6690:on 10 February 2021 6493:on 12 January 2019. 6463:. 28 November 2020. 6366:on 31 October 2013. 6298:10.14430/arctic3410 6243:on 4 February 2007. 5794:2014Sci...345.1004P 5788:(6200): 1004–1005. 5722:on 25 December 2015 5628:National Geographic 5336:. pp. 556–561. 5290:Alaskan-Natives.com 4870:ACLC Working Papers 4611:. 21 September 2022 4601:www12.statcan.gc.ca 4378:Nashville Predators 4354:Arctic Winter Games 4195:North Slope Borough 4121:Canadian Parliament 3138: 3032:Traditional beliefs 2676:, and occasionally 2600:Cape York Meteorite 2433:Canadian Eskimo Dog 2113:Inuit Sign Language 2074:(Northern Quebec), 2008:Inupiaq (Inupiatun) 1798:Makivik Corporation 1731:, causing a marked 1599:George Francis Lyon 1391:who had settled in 1269:infectious diseases 1159:Pre-contact history 974:Inuit Sign Language 713:Traditional beliefs 554:Indigenous cultures 397:Residential schools 387:Settler colonialism 146:Inuit Sign Language 58: 13208:Indigenous peoples 13119:Northern Sea Route 12749:Arctic oscillation 12493:Arctic Archipelago 12417:History of whaling 12407:Arctic exploration 11313:Canadian ethnicity 10455:. Graywolf Press. 10420:on 25 August 2013. 9882:. Berghahn Books. 9672:on 15 October 2017 9405:U.S. Census Bureau 9298:. 25 October 2017. 9259:U.S. Census Bureau 9137:. Aurora-inn.mb.ca 9133:Brears, Robert C. 8921:The Globe and Mail 8726:Edwin Mellen Press 8722:Lewiston, New York 7838:on 21 October 2013 7784:Collins Dictionary 7429:on 23 October 2013 7108:. pp. 78–85. 6885:on 19 October 2021 6838:. 27 October 2020. 6582:on 4 November 2019 6113:D'Anglure 2002:205 6031:"Inuit in England" 5680:on 23 January 2016 5326:VanStone, James W. 5215:The Canadian Press 5170:Kaplan, Lawrence. 5013:American Antiquity 4807:on 30 October 2020 4670:Statistics Denmark 4453: 4410:Premier of Nunavut 4389: 4291: 4151:Kingdom of Denmark 4078: 3961: 3933:U.S. Census Bureau 3897:Statistics Denmark 3852:where about 6,000 3716:Yes (Big Diomede) 3136: 3056: 2937:The Globe and Mail 2814:Suicide in Canada, 2810:Antoon A. Leenaars 2737:) to place a tiny 2693: 2680:by the community. 2642: 2573: 2490: 2479: 2368: 2335: 2324: 2004: 1839:Minister of Health 1727:and decreased the 1681:In the 1950s, the 1609:Early 20th century 1556: 1497: 1495:and Nutaaq (right) 1456: 1255:Southampton Island 1176: 1083:Big Diomede Island 1063:Alaska North Slope 958:Chukotsky District 918:Indigenous peoples 318:Indigenous peoples 277:Chukotsky District 230:Inu- ᐃᓄ- / nuna ᓄᓇ 56: 13404: 13403: 13398: 13397: 13394: 13393: 13174: 13173: 13134:Search and rescue 13114:Northwest Passage 13109:Northeast Passage 13054:Natural resources 12945:Subarctic peoples 12917:Arctic vegetation 12781:Climate of Alaska 12601:Ungava Fault Zone 12586:Innuitian orogeny 12503:Arctic Cordillera 12356: 12355: 12324: 12323: 11985: 11984: 11674: 11673: 11535: 11534: 11223: 11222: 11180: 11179: 11077: 11076: 10952: 10951: 10571:978-0-921254-95-9 10550:978-0-8108-5058-3 10527:978-1-55111-875-8 10506:978-0-8032-4303-3 10485:978-1-61069-393-6 10462:978-1-55597-249-3 10438:978-1-84255-705-1 10391:978-0-307-53786-7 10370:978-0-7735-3008-9 10349:978-0-7748-1241-2 10309:978-87-635-2589-3 10262:978-0-88755-328-8 10241:978-0-8061-2126-0 10218:978-1-4426-8798-1 10197:978-0-7735-1675-5 10176:978-0-7864-0711-8 10130:978-0-674-60828-3 10095:978-0-16-004580-6 9999:978-0-7735-6580-7 9978:978-0-8020-7791-2 9968:Suicide in Canada 9957:978-0-8020-7791-2 9946:Suicide in Canada 9931:978-1-55365-189-5 9910:978-0-7425-3597-8 9889:978-1-84545-165-3 9845:978-0-7506-3784-8 9296:Statistics Canada 9186:Statistics Canada 9087:978-1-55239-167-9 8900:978-0-660-14038-4 8862:"Dear Young Girl" 8816:978-1-57061-382-1 8735:978-0-7734-1402-0 8539:978-0-385-05766-0 8432:978-0-8061-2126-0 8405:978-1-4786-0921-6 8213:on 23 August 2009 8187:978-0-8135-1589-2 8103:978-0-684-80164-3 8041:978-1-1390-5555-0 7817:978-0-7277-3235-4 7720:on 31 August 2014 7540:. 8 February 2012 7115:978-0-7735-2340-1 7050:978-2-88124-465-0 6998:(18th ed., 2015) 6946:978-0-7735-8162-3 6919:978-0-8108-6556-3 6765:(18th ed., 2015) 6741:(18th ed., 2015) 6717:(18th ed., 2015) 6561:978-0-19-534983-2 6534:Sturtevant (1984) 6328:978-1-896851-02-0 6145:978-0-7748-5949-3 6054:, pp. 49–62. 6016:978-0-520-26995-8 5930:978-0-08-091993-5 5909:William F. Perrin 5886:978-0-547-53956-0 5530:978-0-8135-3469-5 5503:978-0-14-303655-5 5418:978-0-8020-2495-4 5391:978-0-8020-4203-3 5364:978-0-521-57392-4 5340:Sturtevant (1984) 5309:Mapping Ignorance 4917:Statistics Canada 4745:. Merriam-Webster 4665:"Statistikbanken" 4605:Statistics Canada 4485:Pitseolak Ashoona 4434:Múte Bourup Egede 4422:riding of Nunavut 3999:problems such as 3923:According to the 3870:Greenlandic Inuit 3777: 3776: 3148:Inuit population 2983:E. Adamson Hoebel 2944:... Was 270 times 2867:Utqiaġvik, Alaska 2839:Suicide in Canada 2837:Leenaars et al., 2646:division of labor 2189:and very high in 1963:North Greenlandic 1948:prestige dialects 1837:was appointed as 1717:Louis St. Laurent 1580:Northwest Passage 1520:Resolution Island 1504:Northwest Passage 1399:recorded meeting 1352:Arctic Athabascan 1276:mitochondrial DNA 1039:Greenlandic Inuit 980:used in Nunavut. 952:(traditionally), 826: 825: 792:Canada portal 738:Index of articles 491:Numbered Treaties 312: 311: 249: 234: 233:"person" / "land" 225: 224: 16:(Redirected from 13459: 13381:Tribal Council 2 13367:Tribal Council 1 13364: 13363: 13220:Cultural areas: 13201: 13194: 13187: 13178: 13177: 13163: 13162: 13151: 13150: 13038: 13037:(New Year's Day) 12533:Innuitian Region 12383: 12376: 12369: 12360: 12359: 12134:Southeast Europe 11996: 11995: 11685: 11684: 11544: 11543: 11382: 11381: 11318:French Canadians 11263: 11256: 11249: 11240: 11239: 11227: 11226: 11086: 11085: 10982:Nunavut (Alaska) 10961: 10960: 10743: 10742: 10727: 10648: 10641: 10634: 10625: 10624: 10575: 10554: 10542: 10531: 10510: 10489: 10466: 10442: 10421: 10402:Internet Archive 10395: 10374: 10353: 10332: 10313: 10292: 10279: 10266: 10245: 10233: 10222: 10201: 10180: 10159: 10157: 10155: 10149:Historica Canada 10134: 10099: 10071: 10024: 10022: 10015: 10003: 9982: 9961: 9949: 9935: 9924:. Heard Museum. 9914: 9893: 9864: 9863: 9856: 9850: 9849: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9804: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9749: 9743: 9742: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9711: 9705: 9704: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9660:Ardjoum, Samir. 9657: 9651: 9650: 9645:. Archived from 9643:LeonaAglukkaq.ca 9635: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9624:10.4000/jsa.2772 9598: 9592: 9591: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9523: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9512: 9497: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9486: 9471: 9465: 9456:Nuuk Declaration 9453: 9447: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9425:. 3 January 2019 9415: 9409: 9408: 9397: 9391: 9390: 9388: 9386: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9366: 9364: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9329: 9323: 9322: 9315: 9300: 9299: 9284: 9263: 9262: 9251: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9225: 9217: 9208: 9205: 9190: 9189: 9178: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9142: 9130: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9096: 9094: 9075: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9039: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9014: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9003: 8987: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8942:. Archived from 8932: 8926: 8925: 8911: 8905: 8904: 8884: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8873: 8864:. Archived from 8858: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8840:. Archived from 8835: 8827: 8821: 8820: 8800: 8794: 8793: 8746: 8740: 8739: 8709: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8684: 8678: 8677: 8662: 8656: 8655: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8576: 8567:(5): 1011–1018. 8550: 8544: 8543: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8512: 8492: 8486: 8480: 8474: 8468: 8462: 8459: 8453: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8416: 8410: 8409: 8389: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8297: 8291: 8290: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8232:"Book Reviews". 8229: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8209:. Archived from 8198: 8192: 8191: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8153: 8147: 8146: 8133: 8127: 8126: 8114: 8108: 8107: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8067: 8061:. Archived from 8060: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8016:Bruce G. Trigger 8011: 8005: 7999: 7993: 7987: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7958: 7951: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7908: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7834:. Archived from 7828: 7822: 7821: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7766:Historica Canada 7751: 7745: 7739: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7642: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7512:CBC/Radio-Canada 7509: 7501: 7492: 7491: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7428: 7421: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7394: 7385: 7384: 7366: 7334: 7328: 7327: 7317: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7268: 7236: 7230: 7229: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7079: 7069: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6967:. 5 April 2013. 6957: 6951: 6950: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6911: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6881:. Archived from 6871: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6854: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6754: 6745: 6744: 6730: 6721: 6720: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6686:. Archived from 6676: 6670: 6669: 6664: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6640:on 12 April 2001 6626: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6601: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6578:. Archived from 6572: 6566: 6565: 6542: 6536: 6531: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6504: 6495: 6494: 6489:. Archived from 6474: 6465: 6464: 6451: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6421: 6412: 6411: 6400: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6362:. Archived from 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6312: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6236:. Archived from 6235: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6211:. Report on the 6210: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6179: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6129: 6123: 6120: 6114: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6076:Historica Canada 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5950: 5944: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5917:J.G.M. Thewissen 5900: 5891: 5890: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5754: 5748:. Archived from 5747: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5721: 5704: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5653:on 4 August 2012 5649:. Archived from 5639: 5633: 5632: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5495: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5469: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5441:Nunavut Handbook 5438: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5348: 5342: 5337: 5322: 5313: 5312: 5300: 5294: 5293: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5260: 5249: 5248: 5228: 5219: 5218: 5200: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5167: 5156: 5155: 5143: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5070:on 16 April 2014 5066:. Archived from 5060: 5054: 5053: 5007: 4998: 4997: 4993:. 30 June 2021. 4979: 4970: 4969: 4965:. 30 June 2021. 4949: 4943: 4942: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4905: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4803:. Archived from 4793: 4776: 4775: 4764: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4717:on 1 August 2020 4716: 4698: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4661: 4648: 4647: 4634: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4593: 4569: 4558: 4472:Le Voyage D'Inuk 4189:who live in the 4029:Jonas Gahr Støre 3945:Washington state 3637:96.28% (91.47%) 3618:98.56% (93.63%) 3599:98.10% (93.20%) 3580:92.14% (87.53%) 3561:95.20% (90.44%) 3300:British Columbia 3154:Inuit territory 3139: 3135: 3027: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2929:Indian hospitals 2841: 2816:he states that " 2721:hunter–gatherers 2709:larger formation 2701:husband and wife 2449:Alaskan Malamute 2370:Inuit also made 2330:Urbanization in 2320:Edward S. Curtis 2317: 2314: 2303:Inuit navigation 2252:and whale skin ( 2117:language isolate 2106:Québécois French 2089:(Northern), and 2063:Kitikmeot Region 1977:Cultural history 1971:East Greenlandic 1944:West Greenlandic 1942:(Inuktitut) and 1747:Cultural renewal 1733:natural increase 1500:Martin Frobisher 1414: 1407: 1305:Arctic tree line 1299: 1293: 1286:Aleutian Islands 1283: 1266: 1248: 1242: 1224: 1207: 1110:is now a common 978:language isolate 968:are part of the 899: 898: 885: 884: 875: 864: 859: 858: 855: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 839: 818: 811: 804: 790: 789: 788: 779: 778: 777: 496:Royal Commission 402:Indian hospitals 375:Pre-colonization 330: 314: 313: 244: 232: 227: 226: 77:Total population 66: 59: 55: 21: 13467: 13466: 13462: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13457: 13456: 13407: 13406: 13405: 13400: 13399: 13390: 13376: 13356: 13350: 13345:Paix des Braves 13321: 13300: 13232: 13214: 13205: 13175: 13170: 13138: 13124:Polar air route 13085: 13076:Protected areas 13042: 13036: 12926: 12898: 12805: 12720: 12664:Northern Canada 12605: 12581:Greenland Plate 12576:Eurekan orogeny 12557: 12479: 12421: 12412:Arctic research 12393: 12387: 12357: 12352: 12320: 12228: 12195:Southern Europe 12190: 12129: 12076:Northern Europe 12071: 12045: 11981: 11884: 11831: 11769: 11719: 11670: 11614: 11563: 11531: 11498: 11482:Southern Africa 11477: 11456: 11406: 11371: 11362:Irish Canadians 11272: 11267: 11232: 11224: 11219: 11206: 11176: 11143: 11100: 11073: 11031: 10991: 10948: 10890: 10837: 10764: 10736: 10728: 10719: 10657: 10652: 10599:Wayback Machine 10583: 10578: 10572: 10551: 10528: 10507: 10486: 10463: 10439: 10406: 10392: 10371: 10350: 10329: 10310: 10263: 10242: 10219: 10198: 10177: 10153: 10151: 10137: 10131: 10112: 10106: 10104:Further reading 10096: 10020: 10013: 10000: 9979: 9958: 9932: 9911: 9890: 9872: 9867: 9858: 9857: 9853: 9846: 9830: 9826: 9771: 9767: 9750: 9746: 9731: 9727: 9712: 9708: 9689: 9685: 9675: 9673: 9658: 9654: 9637: 9636: 9632: 9617:(88): 203–225. 9599: 9595: 9560: 9556: 9548: 9544: 9536: 9532: 9524: 9520: 9510: 9508: 9499: 9498: 9494: 9484: 9482: 9473: 9472: 9468: 9463:Wayback Machine 9454: 9450: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9417: 9416: 9412: 9399: 9398: 9394: 9384: 9382: 9381:. 30 March 2015 9377: 9376: 9372: 9362: 9360: 9356: 9355: 9351: 9341: 9339: 9331: 9330: 9326: 9317: 9316: 9303: 9286: 9285: 9266: 9253: 9252: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9223: 9219: 9218: 9211: 9206: 9193: 9188:. 21 June 2023. 9180: 9179: 9150: 9140: 9138: 9131: 9127: 9117: 9115: 9110: 9109: 9105: 9092: 9090: 9088: 9066: 9062: 9052: 9050: 9041: 9040: 9033: 9023: 9021: 9016: 9015: 9011: 9001: 8999: 8988: 8984: 8974: 8972: 8964: 8963: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8934: 8933: 8929: 8912: 8908: 8901: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8860: 8859: 8852: 8847:on 29 May 2008. 8844: 8833: 8829: 8828: 8824: 8817: 8801: 8797: 8766:10.2307/2800072 8750:Schrire, Carmel 8747: 8743: 8736: 8710: 8706: 8696: 8694: 8686: 8685: 8681: 8676:on 7 June 2008. 8664: 8663: 8659: 8628:10.2307/3773051 8610: 8606: 8551: 8547: 8540: 8524: 8520: 8510: 8508: 8507:on 20 July 2012 8493: 8489: 8481: 8477: 8469: 8465: 8460: 8456: 8448: 8444: 8433: 8417: 8413: 8406: 8390: 8386: 8376: 8374: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8357: 8341: 8337: 8298: 8294: 8275: 8271: 8231: 8230: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8199: 8195: 8188: 8172: 8168: 8155: 8154: 8150: 8134: 8130: 8115: 8111: 8104: 8088:Olmert, Michael 8085: 8081: 8071: 8069: 8065: 8058: 8054: 8053: 8049: 8042: 8012: 8008: 8000: 7996: 7988: 7984: 7976: 7972: 7962: 7960: 7956: 7949: 7945: 7944: 7940: 7906: 7900: 7896: 7855: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7830: 7829: 7825: 7818: 7802: 7798: 7788: 7786: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7752: 7748: 7740: 7733: 7723: 7721: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7697: 7695: 7688: 7684: 7674: 7672: 7664: 7663: 7659: 7649: 7647: 7640: 7636: 7635: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7609: 7605: 7595: 7593: 7583: 7579: 7569: 7567: 7557: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7532: 7531: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7507: 7503: 7502: 7495: 7446: 7442: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7419: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7395: 7388: 7335: 7331: 7286: 7282: 7237: 7233: 7184: 7180: 7155: 7151: 7141: 7139: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7116: 7094: 7090: 7077: 7075: 7067: 7065:Arctic Wildlife 7063: 7062: 7058: 7051: 7030: 7026: 7009: 7005: 6999: 6988: 6984: 6974: 6972: 6959: 6958: 6954: 6947: 6931: 6927: 6920: 6902: 6898: 6888: 6886: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6847: 6843: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6812: 6811: 6807: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6755: 6748: 6742: 6731: 6724: 6718: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6678: 6677: 6673: 6662: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6643: 6641: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6603: 6602: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6574: 6573: 6569: 6562: 6543: 6539: 6530:. pp. 5–7. 6526:Goddard, Ives. 6524: 6520: 6505: 6498: 6475: 6468: 6453: 6452: 6445: 6435: 6433: 6430:Merriam-Webster 6423: 6422: 6415: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6387: 6385: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6352: 6348: 6342:Mitchell (1996) 6340: 6336: 6329: 6313: 6306: 6277: 6273: 6263: 6261: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6240: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6192: 6177: 6171: 6167: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6130: 6126: 6122:Driscoll 1980:6 6121: 6117: 6112: 6108: 6087: 6083: 6062: 6058: 6052:Mitchell (1996) 6050: 6046: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6017: 6001: 5997: 5987: 5985: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5962: 5960: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5943:McGhee 1992:194 5942: 5938: 5931: 5901: 5894: 5887: 5871: 5867: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5822: 5820: 5772: 5768: 5758: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5739: 5735: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5619: 5615: 5576: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5542: 5538: 5531: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5486: 5482: 5477:on 14 May 2011. 5474: 5467: 5459: 5455: 5450:on 29 May 2006. 5447: 5436: 5432:Rigley, Bruce. 5430: 5426: 5419: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5376: 5372: 5365: 5349: 5345: 5323: 5316: 5301: 5297: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5261: 5252: 5229: 5222: 5201: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5168: 5159: 5144: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5099: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5008: 5001: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4907: 4906: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4795: 4794: 4779: 4766: 4765: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4700: 4699: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4663: 4662: 4651: 4636: 4635: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4595: 4594: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4572: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4535:Amanda Polchies 4524:Western culture 4513:identity crisis 4467:Zacharias Kunuk 4279: 4255:Birnirk culture 4241: 4219: 4183: 4157:proper and the 4139: 4129: 4090:Victoria Island 4088:, and parts of 4055: 4037: 4017:Hillary Clinton 3991:, and Russia's 3981:Kalaallit Inuit 3953: 3921: 3889: 3872: 3866: 3854:NunatuKavummiut 3782: 3131: 3104:psychotherapist 3066:aurora borealis 3052:aurora borealis 3044: 3042:Inuit astronomy 3034: 3028: 3022: 2964: 2958: 2956:Traditional law 2949: 2945: 2941: 2909:kidney diseases 2885: 2883:Indian hospital 2879: 2842: 2836: 2791: 2779: 2751:oral traditions 2747: 2636:Inupiat woman, 2630: 2620: 2610:sold it to the 2608:Robert E. Peary 2467: 2459:Main articles: 2457: 2315: 2305: 2299: 2272: 2266: 2131: 2125: 1996: 1994:Inuit languages 1990: 1985: 1979: 1865: 1859: 1831: 1749: 1741:Diamond Jenness 1666: 1611: 1540:Moravian Church 1466: 1461: 1448: 1382:Mackenzie River 1180:anthropologists 1168: 1161: 1156: 1118:(varying forms 985:Northern Canada 966:Inuit languages 862: 836: 832: 822: 786: 784: 783: 775: 773: 768: 767: 733: 725: 724: 708: 700: 699: 665:Inuit languages 655: 647: 646: 587:Indian reserves 582: 574: 573: 544: 536: 535: 506:Specific claims 501:Self-government 462: 422: 414: 413: 365: 319: 305: 287: 283: 279: 267:Inuit languages 243: 231: 221: 188: 150: 148: 138:Inuit languages 72: 54: 49: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13465: 13455: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13402: 13401: 13396: 13395: 13392: 13391: 13389: 13388: 13384: 13382: 13378: 13377: 13375: 13374: 13370: 13368: 13361: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13348: 13342: 13336: 13329: 13327: 13323: 13322: 13320: 13319: 13314: 13308: 13306: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13242: 13240: 13234: 13233: 13219: 13216: 13215: 13204: 13203: 13196: 13189: 13181: 13172: 13171: 13169: 13168: 13156: 13143: 13140: 13139: 13137: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13095: 13093: 13087: 13086: 13084: 13083: 13081:Transportation 13078: 13073: 13068: 13067: 13066: 13056: 13050: 13048: 13044: 13043: 13041: 13040: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12940:Arctic peoples 12936: 12934: 12928: 12927: 12925: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12912:Arctic ecology 12908: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12885: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12815: 12813: 12807: 12806: 12804: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12767: 12766: 12761: 12754:Arctic sea ice 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12730: 12728: 12722: 12721: 12719: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12697: 12696: 12689:Russian Arctic 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12615: 12613: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12567: 12565: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12555: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12518:Arctic Cyclone 12515: 12510: 12508:Arctic ecology 12505: 12500: 12495: 12489: 12487: 12481: 12480: 12478: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12435:Arctic Council 12431: 12429: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12403: 12401: 12395: 12394: 12386: 12385: 12378: 12371: 12363: 12354: 12353: 12351: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12334: 12332: 12326: 12325: 12322: 12321: 12319: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12307: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12286: 12281: 12280: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12249: 12248: 12247: 12236: 12234: 12233:Western Europe 12230: 12229: 12227: 12226: 12225: 12224: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12198: 12196: 12192: 12191: 12189: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12137: 12135: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12111: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12079: 12077: 12073: 12072: 12070: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12053: 12051: 12050:Eastern Europe 12047: 12046: 12044: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12002: 12000: 11999:Central Europe 11993: 11987: 11986: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11968: 11967: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11936: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11894: 11892: 11886: 11885: 11883: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11841: 11839: 11837:Southeast Asia 11833: 11832: 11830: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11807: 11802: 11801: 11800: 11795: 11785: 11779: 11777: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11741: 11740: 11729: 11727: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11691: 11689: 11682: 11676: 11675: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11622: 11620: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11571: 11569: 11565: 11564: 11562: 11561: 11556: 11550: 11548: 11541: 11537: 11536: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11529: 11528: 11527: 11522: 11512: 11506: 11504: 11500: 11499: 11497: 11496: 11491: 11485: 11483: 11479: 11478: 11476: 11475: 11470: 11468:South Sudanese 11464: 11462: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11454: 11453: 11452: 11442: 11441: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11414: 11412: 11408: 11407: 11405: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11388: 11386: 11385:Horn of Africa 11379: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11367:Black Loyalist 11364: 11359: 11357:Newfoundlander 11354: 11353: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11332: 11331: 11330: 11325: 11315: 11310: 11309: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11297: 11296: 11280: 11278: 11274: 11273: 11266: 11265: 11258: 11251: 11243: 11237: 11234: 11233: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11217: 11211: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11188: 11186: 11185:Notable people 11182: 11181: 11178: 11177: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11144: 11142: 11141: 11140: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11108: 11106: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11098: 11092: 11090: 11083: 11079: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11071: 11064: 11063: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11041: 11039: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11029: 11028: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11001: 10999: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10977:Iñupiat Nunaat 10973: 10971: 10958: 10954: 10953: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10900: 10898: 10896:Transportation 10892: 10891: 10889: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10867: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10845: 10843: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10833: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10809: 10802: 10795: 10785: 10780: 10774: 10772: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10762: 10757: 10751: 10749: 10740: 10730: 10729: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10717: 10712: 10711: 10710: 10708:Throat singing 10700: 10699: 10698: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10667: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10651: 10650: 10643: 10636: 10628: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10589: 10582: 10581:External links 10579: 10577: 10576: 10570: 10555: 10549: 10532: 10526: 10511: 10505: 10490: 10484: 10467: 10461: 10443: 10437: 10422: 10404: 10390: 10375: 10369: 10354: 10348: 10333: 10328:978-1412992619 10327: 10314: 10308: 10293: 10280: 10267: 10261: 10246: 10240: 10223: 10217: 10202: 10196: 10181: 10175: 10160: 10135: 10129: 10113: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10100: 10094: 10078:, ed. (1984). 10072: 10025: 10004: 9998: 9983: 9977: 9962: 9956: 9936: 9930: 9915: 9909: 9894: 9888: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9865: 9851: 9844: 9824: 9765: 9744: 9725: 9706: 9683: 9652: 9630: 9593: 9574:(2): 209–210. 9554: 9542: 9530: 9518: 9492: 9466: 9448: 9445:Arctic Council 9436: 9410: 9392: 9370: 9349: 9337:Nunatukavut.ca 9324: 9301: 9264: 9243: 9209: 9191: 9148: 9125: 9103: 9086: 9060: 9049:on 11 May 2011 9031: 9009: 8998:on 11 May 2011 8982: 8957: 8927: 8906: 8899: 8879: 8850: 8822: 8815: 8795: 8741: 8734: 8704: 8679: 8670:Nunatsiaq News 8657: 8604: 8545: 8538: 8518: 8487: 8475: 8473:, p. 195. 8463: 8454: 8452:, p. 196. 8442: 8431: 8411: 8404: 8384: 8362: 8355: 8335: 8308:(4): 327–338. 8292: 8269: 8224: 8193: 8186: 8166: 8148: 8137:Hearne, Samuel 8128: 8123:Alaska History 8109: 8102: 8079: 8068:on 6 July 2011 8047: 8040: 8006: 7994: 7982: 7970: 7938: 7912:Visual Studies 7894: 7849: 7823: 7816: 7796: 7771: 7746: 7731: 7705: 7682: 7657: 7629: 7603: 7577: 7551: 7525: 7493: 7458:(8): 737–745. 7440: 7408: 7386: 7349:(4): 252–257. 7329: 7300:(2): e000444. 7280: 7251:(2): e000673. 7231: 7196:(8): 737–745. 7178: 7149: 7124: 7114: 7088: 7056: 7049: 7024: 7003: 6982: 6952: 6945: 6925: 6918: 6896: 6866: 6841: 6823: 6805: 6802:. 9 July 2017. 6787: 6770: 6746: 6722: 6701: 6671: 6651: 6621: 6593: 6567: 6560: 6546:Campbell, Lyle 6537: 6518: 6507:Israel, Mark. 6496: 6466: 6443: 6413: 6395: 6382:Connexions.org 6369: 6346: 6344:, p. 118. 6334: 6327: 6304: 6271: 6246: 6222: 6197: 6190: 6165: 6151: 6144: 6124: 6115: 6106: 6081: 6056: 6044: 6022: 6015: 5995: 5983:Heritage.nf.ca 5970: 5958:Heritage.nf.ca 5945: 5936: 5929: 5892: 5885: 5865: 5844: 5830: 5766: 5755:on 14 May 2008 5733: 5691: 5676:Archived from 5664: 5634: 5613: 5586:(3): 201–222. 5570: 5556: 5536: 5529: 5509: 5502: 5480: 5453: 5424: 5417: 5397: 5390: 5370: 5363: 5343: 5314: 5295: 5277: 5265:"Eskimo-Aleut" 5250: 5220: 5192: 5157: 5133: 5107: 5081: 5055: 5026:10.2307/281966 4999: 4971: 4944: 4922: 4919:. 2 July 2019. 4887: 4856: 4830: 4828:, p. 151. 4818: 4777: 4756: 4728: 4684: 4649: 4622: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4509:societal norms 4489:Susan Aglukark 4459:in Inuktitut, 4442:Leona Aglukkaq 4347:Helen Maksagak 4278: 4277:Modern culture 4275: 4251:Dorset culture 4218: 4215: 4182: 4179: 4128: 4125: 4113:Brian Mulroney 4059:Inuit Nunangat 4036: 4033: 4009:Arctic Council 4001:climate change 3993:Siberian Yupik 3979:, Greenland's 3969:United Nations 3952: 3949: 3920: 3917: 3888: 3885: 3880:World Factbook 3868:Main article: 3865: 3862: 3794:Inuit Nunangat 3781: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3760: 3759:United States 3756: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3741: 3740:United States 3737: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3722: 3721:United States 3718: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3531:Faroe Islands 3528: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3410:Inuit Nunangat 3403: 3400: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3270:Inuit Nunangat 3263: 3260: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3225:Inuit Nunangat 3218: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3199:Inuit Nunangat 3192: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3176: 3174:Inuit Nunangat 3171: 3168: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3130: 3127: 3114:Inuit religion 3038:Inuit religion 3033: 3030: 3020: 3007: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2960:Main article: 2957: 2954: 2878: 2875: 2859:Carmel Schrire 2834: 2778: 2775: 2746: 2743: 2689:Noatak, Alaska 2658:Open marriages 2624:Eskimo kinship 2619: 2616: 2534:Inuit clothing 2465:Inuit clothing 2456: 2453: 2445:Siberian Husky 2403:Siberian Husky 2298: 2295: 2268:Main article: 2265: 2262: 2127:Main article: 2124: 2121: 1992:Main article: 1989: 1986: 1981:Main article: 1978: 1975: 1934:is preferred. 1921:folk etymology 1858: 1855: 1835:Leona Aglukkaq 1830: 1827: 1748: 1745: 1665: 1662: 1610: 1607: 1527:visit Europe. 1524:oral tradition 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1447: 1444: 1436:bowhead whales 1424:Little Ice Age 1348:Siberian Yupik 1200:Dorset culture 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1148:Siberian Yupik 1144:Central Yup'ik 1013:Inuit Nunangat 908:'the people'; 824: 823: 821: 820: 813: 806: 798: 795: 794: 770: 769: 766: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 734: 731: 730: 727: 726: 723: 722: 721: 720: 718:Inuit religion 709: 706: 705: 702: 701: 698: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 656: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 603: 602: 597: 589: 583: 580: 579: 576: 575: 572: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 545: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 456: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 427:Indigenous law 423: 420: 419: 416: 415: 412: 411: 409:Reconciliation 406: 405: 404: 399: 394: 384: 383: 382: 372: 366: 363: 362: 359: 358: 357: 356: 349: 342: 332: 331: 323: 322: 310: 309: 274: 270: 269: 264: 260: 259: 256: 252: 251: 240: 236: 235: 223: 222: 220: 219: 214: 209: 204: 198: 195: 194: 190: 189: 187: 186: 184:Inuit religion 181: 175: 172: 171: 167: 166: 134: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 84: 83: 79: 78: 74: 73: 67: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13464: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13414: 13412: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13379: 13372: 13371: 13369: 13365: 13362: 13359: 13353: 13346: 13343: 13340: 13337: 13334: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13324: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13243: 13241: 13239: 13235: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13217: 13213: 13209: 13202: 13197: 13195: 13190: 13188: 13183: 13182: 13179: 13167: 13166: 13157: 13155: 13154: 13145: 13144: 13141: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13099:Arctic Bridge 13097: 13096: 13094: 13092: 13088: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13065: 13062: 13061: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13051: 13049: 13045: 13039: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12933: 12929: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12829:Bowhead whale 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12812: 12808: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12791:Polar climate 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12756: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12727: 12723: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12695: 12692: 12691: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12619:Arctic Alaska 12617: 12616: 12614: 12612: 12608: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12568: 12566: 12564: 12560: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12498:Arctic Circle 12496: 12494: 12491: 12490: 12488: 12486: 12482: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12465:Saami Council 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12424: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12404: 12402: 12400: 12396: 12391: 12384: 12379: 12377: 12372: 12370: 12365: 12364: 12361: 12349: 12348:New Zealander 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12335: 12333: 12331: 12327: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12291: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12254: 12253: 12250: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12241: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12231: 12223: 12220: 12219: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12193: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12132: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12085: 12084: 12081: 12080: 12078: 12074: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12054: 12052: 12048: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12003: 12001: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11988: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11966: 11963: 11962: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11900: 11899: 11896: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11887: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11838: 11834: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11816: 11813: 11812: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11790: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11780: 11778: 11776: 11772: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11739: 11736: 11735: 11734: 11731: 11730: 11728: 11726: 11722: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11692: 11690: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11677: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11572: 11570: 11566: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11547:North America 11545: 11542: 11538: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11517: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11501: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11489:South African 11487: 11486: 11484: 11480: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11459: 11451: 11448: 11447: 11446: 11443: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11420: 11419: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11409: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11389: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11374: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11320: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11290: 11289:First Nations 11287: 11286: 11285: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11264: 11259: 11257: 11252: 11250: 11245: 11244: 11241: 11235: 11228: 11216: 11213: 11212: 11209: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11192:United States 11190: 11189: 11187: 11183: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11157: 11156: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11146: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11114: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11103: 11097: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11087: 11084: 11082:Organisations 11080: 11070: 11069: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11034: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11006: 11003: 11002: 11000: 10998: 10994: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10972: 10970: 10966: 10962: 10959: 10955: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10897: 10893: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10851: 10850: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10840: 10832: 10831: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10814: 10810: 10808: 10807: 10803: 10801: 10800: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10789: 10788: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10726: 10716: 10713: 10709: 10706: 10705: 10704: 10701: 10697: 10694: 10693: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 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UBC Press. 10341: 10340: 10334: 10330: 10324: 10320: 10315: 10311: 10305: 10301: 10300: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10281: 10277: 10273: 10268: 10264: 10258: 10254: 10253: 10247: 10243: 10237: 10232: 10231: 10224: 10220: 10214: 10210: 10209: 10203: 10199: 10193: 10189: 10188: 10182: 10178: 10172: 10169:. McFarland. 10168: 10167: 10161: 10150: 10146: 10145: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10126: 10122: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10111: 10097: 10091: 10087: 10083: 10082: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10032: 10026: 10019: 10012: 10011: 10005: 10001: 9995: 9991: 9990: 9984: 9980: 9974: 9970: 9969: 9963: 9959: 9953: 9948: 9947: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9927: 9923: 9922: 9916: 9912: 9906: 9902: 9901: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9881: 9880: 9874: 9873: 9861: 9855: 9847: 9841: 9837: 9836: 9828: 9820: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9781: 9776: 9769: 9761: 9760: 9759:New Scientist 9755: 9748: 9740: 9736: 9729: 9721: 9717: 9710: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9687: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9656: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9625: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9608: 9606: 9597: 9589: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9558: 9551: 9546: 9540:, p. 11. 9539: 9538:Hessel (2006) 9534: 9528:, p. 20. 9527: 9526:Hessel (2006) 9522: 9506: 9502: 9496: 9480: 9476: 9470: 9464: 9460: 9457: 9452: 9446: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9414: 9406: 9402: 9396: 9380: 9374: 9359: 9353: 9338: 9334: 9328: 9320: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9306: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9260: 9256: 9250: 9248: 9231: 9230: 9222: 9216: 9214: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9187: 9183: 9177: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9136: 9129: 9113: 9107: 9100: 9089: 9083: 9079: 9074: 9073: 9064: 9048: 9044: 9038: 9036: 9019: 9013: 8997: 8993: 8986: 8971: 8967: 8961: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8931: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8910: 8902: 8896: 8892: 8891: 8883: 8867: 8863: 8857: 8855: 8843: 8839: 8832: 8826: 8818: 8812: 8808: 8807: 8799: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8745: 8737: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8708: 8693: 8689: 8683: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8661: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8608: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8566: 8562: 8561: 8556: 8549: 8541: 8535: 8531: 8530: 8522: 8506: 8502: 8500: 8491: 8485:, p. 64. 8484: 8479: 8472: 8467: 8458: 8451: 8446: 8439: 8434: 8428: 8424: 8423: 8415: 8407: 8401: 8397: 8396: 8388: 8372: 8366: 8358: 8356:0-8032-8613-9 8352: 8348: 8347: 8339: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8296: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8273: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8236: 8228: 8212: 8208: 8207:Nunatsiaq.com 8204: 8197: 8189: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8170: 8162: 8158: 8152: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8132: 8124: 8120: 8113: 8105: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8083: 8064: 8057: 8051: 8043: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8010: 8004:, p. 56. 8003: 7998: 7992:, p. 65. 7991: 7986: 7980:, p. 38. 7979: 7974: 7959:on 6 May 2021 7955: 7948: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7913: 7905: 7898: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7861: 7853: 7837: 7833: 7827: 7819: 7813: 7809: 7808: 7800: 7785: 7781: 7775: 7767: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7750: 7744:, p. 10. 7743: 7738: 7736: 7719: 7715: 7709: 7693: 7686: 7671: 7667: 7661: 7646: 7641:(Documentary) 7639: 7633: 7618: 7614: 7607: 7592: 7588: 7581: 7566: 7562: 7555: 7539: 7535: 7529: 7513: 7506: 7500: 7498: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7452: 7444: 7425: 7418: 7412: 7404: 7400: 7393: 7391: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7333: 7325: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7284: 7276: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7235: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7190: 7182: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7153: 7138: 7134: 7128: 7121: 7117: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7085: 7073: 7066: 7060: 7052: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7028: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7007: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6956: 6948: 6942: 6938: 6937: 6929: 6921: 6915: 6910: 6909: 6900: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6870: 6851: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6809: 6801: 6797: 6791: 6780: 6774: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6751: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6727: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6668: 6661: 6655: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6598: 6581: 6577: 6571: 6563: 6557: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6529: 6522: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6501: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6473: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6450: 6448: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6420: 6418: 6409: 6405: 6399: 6384:. 5 June 2007 6383: 6379: 6373: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6338: 6330: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6311: 6309: 6299: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6275: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6239: 6232: 6226: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6201: 6193: 6191:0-660-15544-3 6187: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6161: 6155: 6147: 6141: 6138:. UBC Press. 6137: 6136: 6128: 6119: 6110: 6102: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6085: 6077: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6060: 6053: 6048: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6018: 6012: 6008: 6007: 5999: 5984: 5980: 5974: 5959: 5955: 5949: 5940: 5932: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5897: 5888: 5882: 5878: 5877: 5869: 5854: 5848: 5840: 5834: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5770: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5701: 5695: 5679: 5675: 5668: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5574: 5559: 5557:9788763512084 5553: 5549: 5548: 5540: 5532: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5499: 5494: 5493: 5484: 5473: 5466: 5465: 5457: 5446: 5442: 5435: 5428: 5420: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5374: 5366: 5360: 5356: 5355: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5331: 5330:Goddard, Ives 5327: 5321: 5319: 5310: 5306: 5299: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5273: 5271: 5266: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5227: 5225: 5216: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5199: 5197: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5153: 5149: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5095: 5091: 5085: 5069: 5065: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5014: 5006: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4860: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4827: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4761: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4732: 4713: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4672: 4671: 4666: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4590: 4585: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4481:film producer 4478: 4474: 4473: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4449: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4414:P.J. Akeeagok 4411: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4385: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4370:Jordin Tootoo 4367: 4363: 4359: 4358:Schefferville 4355: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335:Levinia Brown 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4283: 4274: 4272: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4199:Bering Strait 4196: 4192: 4188: 4178: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4159:Faroe Islands 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4074: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4021:Sergei Lavrov 4018: 4014: 4013:Kuupik Kleist 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3919:United States 3916: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3818: 3814: 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2781: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2764: 2763:Samuel Hearne 2760: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2579: 2569: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2473:Caribou skin 2471: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2441:Greenland Dog 2438: 2434: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2337:Inuit hunted 2333: 2328: 2321: 2309: 2304: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2271: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2139:bowhead whale 2136: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2115:, which is a 2114: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2000: 1995: 1984: 1983:Inuit culture 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1925:Cree language 1922: 1918: 1915:(Montagnais) 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1872: 1870: 1864: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695:Port Harrison 1692: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1661: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572:Whapmagoostui 1569: 1568:trading posts 1565: 1560: 1553: 1552:Hudson Strait 1548: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1512:Baffin Island 1509: 1508:Frobisher Bay 1505: 1501: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1452: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1202:, called the 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1188:Bering Strait 1185: 1181: 1172: 1166: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067:Bering Strait 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029:First Nations 1026: 1022: 1018: 1015:. In Canada, 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 893: 889: 879: 871: 867: 866: 857: 830: 819: 814: 812: 807: 805: 800: 799: 797: 796: 793: 782: 772: 771: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 748:First Nations 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 735: 729: 728: 719: 716: 715: 714: 711: 710: 704: 703: 696: 695:Inuit grammar 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 651: 650: 643: 642:Pacific Coast 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 590: 588: 585: 584: 578: 577: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 540: 539: 532: 529: 527: 526:Organizations 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 511:Treaty rights 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 476:Land defender 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 461: 457: 455: 454: 450: 448: 445: 443: 442:Health Policy 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 424: 418: 417: 410: 407: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 388: 385: 381: 378: 377: 376: 373: 371: 368: 367: 361: 360: 355: 354: 350: 348: 347: 343: 341: 340: 339:First Nations 336: 335: 334: 333: 329: 325: 324: 321: 316: 315: 308: 303: 299: 295: 291: 286: 282: 278: 275: 271: 268: 265: 261: 257: 253: 247: 241: 237: 228: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 199: 196: 191: 185: 182: 180: 177: 176: 173: 168: 165: 161: 157: 153: 147: 143: 139: 135: 130: 126: 122: 119:17,067 (2023) 118: 114: 111:16,581 (2010) 110: 108:United States 106: 103:51,479 (2023) 102: 98: 95:70,540 (2021) 94: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 51: 47: 45: 37: 33: 19: 13270: 13158: 13146: 13035:Quviasukvik 12979: 12824:Beluga whale 12801:Polar vortex 12513:Arctic Ocean 12316:Luxembourger 12267:Scotch-Irish 11793:Anglo-Indian 11688:Central Asia 11605:Puerto Rican 11411:North Africa 11300: 11066: 11020:Nunavik ᓄᓇᕕᒃ 11015:Nunavut ᓄᓇᕗᑦ 10828: 10824:Snow goggles 10811: 10804: 10797: 10790: 10654: 10560: 10538: 10516: 10495: 10475: 10451: 10427: 10418:the original 10411: 10380: 10359: 10338: 10318: 10298: 10288: 10275: 10251: 10229: 10207: 10186: 10165: 10152:. 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Retrieved 4600: 4528: 4517: 4505: 4470: 4460: 4457:feature film 4454: 4407: 4392: 4390: 4351: 4316: 4309: 4292: 4268: 4259:Thule people 4244: 4242: 4184: 4175: 4153:(along with 4140: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4086:Banks Island 4079: 4056: 3971:-recognized 3962: 3922: 3890: 3875: 3873: 3847: 3843: 3832: 3821: 3810: 3798: 3783: 3664:Netherlands 3376:Saskatchewan 3132: 3129:Demographics 3123: 3119: 3112: 3107: 3099: 3089: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3057: 3024: 3016: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2965: 2935: 2933: 2925: 2917:malnutrition 2889:tuberculosis 2886: 2863: 2844: 2838: 2830: 2822: 2813: 2807: 2799:oral history 2792: 2780: 2771: 2767: 2748: 2728: 2718: 2714: 2694: 2672:, sometimes 2651: 2643: 2640:, circa 1907 2604:cold forging 2597: 2582: 2576: 2574: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2532:Traditional 2531: 2523:serpentinite 2502:Walrus ivory 2491: 2477:from Nunavut 2436: 2429: 2418: 2407:team of dogs 2396: 2392: 2386: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2281: 2275: 2273: 2258: 2227: 2218: 2159:bearded seal 2132: 2110: 2095: 2080: 2043:Inuvialuktun 2040: 2032: 2020:Inuvialuktun 2006:Inuit speak 2005: 1966: 1958: 1954: 1952:Proto-Eskimo 1935: 1931: 1929: 1908: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1883: 1875: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1857:Nomenclature 1832: 1815: 1790: 1785:human rights 1757:high schools 1750: 1738: 1722: 1711: 1680: 1667: 1655: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1612: 1603:George Comer 1576:Kuujjuarapik 1561: 1557: 1529: 1498: 1491:(left), and 1467: 1421: 1415:, Inuit, or 1400: 1386: 1375: 1368: 1337: 1302: 1273: 1251:Native Point 1228: 1218: 1214:Paleo-Eskimo 1190:and western 1184:Thule people 1177: 1115: 1107: 1101: 1099: 1037: 1001:Arctic Ocean 991:of Nunavut, 982: 913: 905: 891: 877: 828: 827: 581:Demographics 564:Country food 451: 447:Idle No More 351: 345: 344: 337: 179:Christianity 69:Iglulingmiut 53:Ethnic group 50: 43: 13360:governments 13251:Anishinaabe 13165:WikiProject 12744:Arctic haze 12684:Nunatsiavut 12171:Montenegrin 11950:Azerbaijani 11918:Palestinian 11870:Singaporean 11783:Bangladeshi 11503:West Africa 11461:East Africa 11165:Nunatsiavut 11025:Nunatsiavut 10230:The Eskimos 9697:Windspeaker 8422:The Eskimos 8056:"The Inuit" 7724:25 February 7650:19 February 7622:19 February 7596:19 February 7570:19 February 7544:19 February 7518:19 February 7401:. Reuters. 7142:16 February 7078:20 November 7074:. p. 2 6757:Greenlandic 6709:Inuinnaqtun 6694:19 December 5210:Global News 4826:Alia (2009) 4721:13 November 4501:Ada Eyetoaq 4497:Cape Dorset 4418:Lori Idlout 4337:and former 4311:Quviasukvik 4067:NunatuKavut 4049:Nunatsiavut 3983:, Alaska's 3850:NunatuKavut 3828:Nunatsiavut 3516:Nordjylland 3478:Midtjylland 3440:Hovedstaden 3319:Nova Scotia 3221:Nunatsiavut 2981:. In 1954, 2971:Western law 2913:trichinosis 2851:infanticide 2719:Inuit were 2628:Inuit women 2378:sea mammals 2339:sea animals 2316: 1929 2247:ringed seal 2207:plant stems 2163:polar bears 2155:common seal 2147:ringed seal 2085:(Western), 2083:Kalaallisut 2076:Nunatsiavut 2047:Inuinnaqtun 2012:Inuinnaqtun 1892:wrote that 1843:Jack Anawak 1822:land claims 1811:Nunatsiavut 1802:NunatuKavut 1769:Yellowknife 1767:, Iqaluit, 1707:polar night 1703:Grise Fiord 1333:NunatuKavut 1325:Nunatsiavut 1321:NunatuKavut 1317:Nunatsiavut 1017:sections 25 997:Nunatsiavut 910:Greenlandic 690:Chinuk pipa 670:Chinuk Wawa 654:Linguistics 637:Territories 607:Atlantic CA 471:Land claims 302:Nunatsiavut 142:Greenlandic 13411:Categories 12849:Polar bear 12819:Arctic fox 12649:Inuvialuit 12543:North Pole 12427:Government 12338:Australian 12212:Portuguese 12166:Macedonian 12125:Lithuanian 12057:Belarusian 11880:Vietnamese 11855:Indonesian 11827:Sri Lankan 11775:South Asia 11666:Venezuelan 11656:Salvadoran 11646:Guatemalan 11494:Zimbabwean 11284:Indigenous 10929:Snowmobile 10904:Ammassalik 9676:20 January 9511:24 January 9485:24 January 9429:16 January 9385:25 January 9236:20 October 9093:24 January 9053:24 January 9024:24 January 9002:17 October 8975:17 October 8950:17 October 8760:(2): 161. 8697:24 January 8622:(4): 351. 8511:24 January 8217:24 January 8072:24 January 7698:24 January 7565:CNN Travel 7294:Open Heart 7245:Open Heart 7070:(Report). 6995:Ethnologue 6975:20 January 6762:Ethnologue 6738:Ethnologue 6714:Ethnologue 6684:Lexico.com 6644:13 January 6388:24 January 6264:24 January 6259:Nutaaq.com 6180:(Report). 5988:24 January 5963:24 January 5759:13 October 5726:13 October 5684:13 October 5270:Ethnologue 5126:20 January 5100:20 January 5020:(2): 203. 4576:References 4426:Eva Aariak 4362:Slave Lake 4221:See also: 4131:See also: 4099:land claim 4082:Inuvialuit 4039:See also: 4025:Carl Bildt 3997:ecological 3977:Inuvialuit 3951:Governance 3901:Copenhagen 3784:As of the 3770:<0.01% 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11845:Cambodian 11810:Pakistani 11760:Taiwanese 11755:Mongolian 11738:Hong Kong 11725:East Asia 11661:Uruguayan 11641:Colombian 11631:Brazilian 11626:Argentine 11585:Dominican 11575:Barbadian 11568:Caribbean 11397:Ethiopian 11328:Québécois 11202:Greenland 11055:Kalaallit 10957:Homelands 10934:Snowshoes 10691:Phonology 10681:Languages 10671:Astronomy 10068:Q29606641 10052:0036-8075 9819:Q24673311 9793:0820-3946 9292:The Daily 8790:Q56049886 8774:0025-1496 8652:Q56521445 8636:0014-1828 8615:Ethnology 8599:Q56521444 8583:0002-7294 8330:Q64013807 8322:0038-4801 8264:Q56521443 8256:0008-3755 7889:Q56521440 7881:0004-0843 7488:Q34227145 7472:0002-9165 7381:Q35650916 7355:0730-2347 7226:Q34227145 7210:0002-9165 7133:"kuanniq" 5818:206560802 5608:162328800 5600:0197-6931 5050:Q58172671 5034:0002-7316 4811:26 August 4581:Citations 4294:Inuit art 4266:1300 AD. 4203:Utqiagvik 4171:shrimping 4143:home rule 4133:Kalaallit 4127:Greenland 3864:Greenland 3649:Reykjavik 3573:Avannaata 3108:Angakkuit 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11600:Jamaican 11590:Guyanese 11554:American 11540:Americas 11515:Nigerian 11510:Ghanaian 11473:Sudanese 11450:Egyptian 11438:Tunisian 11433:Moroccan 11423:Algerian 11392:Eritrean 11345:Scottish 11323:Acadians 11215:Category 11060:Tunumiit 11050:Inughuit 10987:Nunarpet 10939:Qamutiik 10924:Sled dog 10806:Kamleika 10783:Research 10770:Clothing 10734:Material 10715:Religion 10595:Archived 10396:Also at 10064:Wikidata 10060:25170159 10018:Archived 9815:Wikidata 9720:Archived 9459:Archived 9363:29 April 8872:12 April 8786:Wikidata 8648:Wikidata 8595:Wikidata 8326:Wikidata 8260:Wikidata 8161:Archived 8139:(1795). 8090:(1996). 8022:(eds.). 7933:53394477 7885:Wikidata 7842:20 March 7756:"Mukluk" 7591:Tattoodo 7484:Wikidata 7403:Archived 7377:Wikidata 7324:27547433 7275:29259789 7222:Wikidata 7018:Discover 6969:Archived 6889:5 August 6859:5 August 6680:"Eskimo" 6630:"Eskimo" 6548:(1997). 6528:Synonymy 6509:"Eskimo" 6455:"Eskimo" 6425:"Eskimo" 6408:Archived 6291:(1): 5. 6217:Archived 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1128:Inughuit 1075:diaspora 934:Labrador 531:Politics 521:Case law 516:Genocide 421:Politics 392:Genocide 380:Genetics 370:Timeline 263:Language 242:Inuk ᐃᓄᒃ 170:Religion 13296:Wyandot 13291:Naskapi 13281:Miꞌkmaq 13246:Abenaki 13047:Economy 12995:Koryaks 12950:Chukchi 12932:Culture 12862:bearded 12844:Narwhal 12834:Lemming 12759:decline 12726:Climate 12679:Nunavut 12674:Nunavik 12654:Karelia 12644:Iceland 12611:Regions 12563:Geology 12399:History 12330:Oceania 12262:English 12257:Cornish 12252:British 12245:Flemish 12240:Belgian 12217:Spanish 12207:Maltese 12202:Italian 12181:Serbian 12146:Bosnian 12120:Latvian 12108:Swedish 12093:Finnish 12062:Russian 11977:Turkish 11972:Kurdish 11965:Israeli 11955:Iranian 11860:Laotian 11815:Punjabi 11765:Tibetan 11733:Chinese 11636:Chilean 11595:Haitian 11559:Mexican 11340:English 11335:British 11294:by band 11068:Denmark 11037:Denmark 10914:Inuksuk 10864:Kakivak 10849:Weapons 10792:Atikłuk 10778:History 10760:Inuksuk 10738:culture 10686:Grammar 10676:Cuisine 10663:Culture 10472:"Inuit" 10285:"Inuit" 10154:11 July 10031:Science 9811:1116086 9802:1956268 9342:15 July 8782:2800072 8714:"Inuit" 8644:3773051 8438:sewing. 7789:12 July 7780:"Kamik" 7666:"Qajaq" 7480:5046723 7373:8298320 7315:4975865 7266:5729304 7218:5046723 6614:13 June 6586:13 June 6436:1 April 5790:Bibcode 5781:Science 5185:1 April 5074:24 June 4774:. 2021. 4737:"Inuit" 4677:22 July 4646:. 2018. 4287:Maktaaq 4246:Science 4211:Iñupiaq 4187:Iñupiat 4167:fishing 4155:Denmark 4045:Nunavik 4041:Nunavut 3985:Inupiat 3937:Seattle 3913:Aalborg 3887:Denmark 3817:Nunavik 3801:Nunavut 3729:14,718 3702:Russia 3683:Norway 3592:Qeqqata 3577:10,693 3558:23,416 3417:Canada 3391:Canada 3372:Canada 3353:Canada 3334:Canada 3315:Canada 3296:Canada 3281:Alberta 3277:Canada 3262:10.29% 3251:Canada 3236:Ontario 3232:Canada 3206:Canada 3195:Nunavik 3188:15,800 3180:Canada 3170:84.33% 3167:30,865 3163:Nunavut 3159:Canada 3145:Region 3092:animist 2893:measles 2812:' book 2745:Raiding 2725:nomadic 2666:divorce 2507:hunting 2393:qamutik 2282:tunniit 2264:Tattoos 2219:kuanniq 2215:seaweed 2211:berries 2195:Grasses 2187:protein 2171:caribou 2102:English 2087:Inuktun 2072:Nunavik 2067:Nunavut 1938:is the 1888:at the 1765:Aklavik 1753:secular 1582:led by 1566:opened 1516:Iqaluit 1489:Kalicho 1478:Red Bay 1432:whaling 1428:Alaskan 1417:Beothuk 1389:Vikings 1344:Chukchi 1329:Rigolet 1154:History 1140:Alutiiq 1120:Iñupiat 1112:autonym 1079:Iñupiat 1069:and on 1055:Iñupiat 1031:or the 1023:of the 993:Nunavik 987:in the 942:Nunavut 902:Iñupiaq 543:Culture 364:History 298:Nunavik 294:Nunavut 273:Country 164:Russian 152:English 116:Denmark 82:155,792 13347:(2002) 13341:(1975) 13335:(1701) 13286:Mohawk 13230:Arctic 13212:Quebec 13020:Yakuts 13015:Selkup 13000:Nenets 12990:Khanty 12960:Evenks 12922:Tundra 12894:Walrus 12882:ringed 12877:ribbon 12872:hooded 12839:Muskox 12553:Tundra 12392:topics 12390:Arctic 12299:Breton 12289:French 12222:Basque 12088:Danish 12031:Slovak 12026:Polish 12016:German 11991:Europe 11960:Jewish 11933:Yemeni 11928:Syrian 11822:Romani 11805:Nepali 11788:Indian 11750:Korean 11700:Kazakh 11695:Afghan 11525:Yoruba 11445:Coptic 11428:Libyan 11418:Berber 11402:Somali 11377:Africa 11277:Canada 11197:Canada 11148:Canada 11105:Alaska 11089:Global 11045:Nunaat 10997:Canada 10965:Alaska 10909:Iggaak 10886:Qulliq 10830:Tuilik 10813:Mukluk 10799:Amauti 10787:Types 10568: 10547: 10524: 10503: 10482: 10459: 10435: 10388: 10367: 10346: 10325: 10306: 10259: 10238: 10215: 10194: 10173: 10127: 10092: 10066: 10058: 10050: 9996: 9975: 9954: 9928: 9907: 9886: 9842: 9817: 9809: 9799: 9791: 9588:910884 9586: 9232:. 2000 9141:4 June 9118:4 June 9084: 8897: 8813: 8788: 8780: 8772: 8732: 8650: 8642: 8634: 8597: 8591:672815 8589: 8581: 8536: 8429: 8402: 8353: 8328: 8320: 8262: 8254: 8184: 8100: 8038: 7963:2 July 7931: 7887: 7879: 7860:Arctic 7814: 7675:12 May 7486: 7478: 7470: 7433:29 May 7379: 7371: 7364:325106 7361: 7353: 7322: 7312: 7273: 7263: 7224: 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