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have periods shorter (<24 hours) than the period of a circadian rhythm. Several infradian rhythms are known to be caused by hormone or neurotransmitter stimulation or by environmental factors such as the lunar cycles. For example, seasonal depression, an example of an infradian rhythm occurring
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Some studies observe an infraradian rhythm with a period of approximately 7 days (circaseptan rhythm). However, these rhythms appear to be an artifact of the statistics applied to the raw data.
72:. Another example in humans is the ~10-day rhythms of enamel growth. Other infradian rhythms have been documented in organisms such as dormice, lemmings, voles, lynx, mice, etc.
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Brown, Frederick M. & Graeber, R. Curtis, eds. The
Rhythmic Aspects of Behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1982, (p.462).
417:"Ultradian and Infradian Rhythms in the Dynamic of Testosterone Concentration in the Serum of the White-Breasted Hedgehog Erinaceus roumanicus"
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The most well-known infradian rhythm in humans is the fluctuation of estrogens and progesterone across the
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190:"Enamel biorhythms of humans and great apes: the Havers-Halberg Oscillation hypothesis reconsidered"
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as rhythms longer than 24 hour but shorter than one year; categorizing rhythms of about a year as
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28:, i.e., one cycle is longer than 24 hours. Some examples of infradian rhythms in mammals include
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once a year, can be caused by the systematic lowering of light levels during the winter.The
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can be classified as infradian, or as circannual, which means occurring on a yearly basis.
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370:"Characteristics of infradian and circadian rhythms in the persistent vegetative state"
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Rutovskaya, Marina; V; Kosyreva, Anna M.; Diatroptov, Mikhail E. (2020).
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Guan, J.; You, C.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, R.; Wang, Z. (2011).
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151:"What Is Infradian Rhythm, and How Does It Affect Sleep? "
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129:"Infradian and ultradian rhythms for A level psychology"
176:"Infradian Rhythm: Understanding Your Body’s Long Game"
163:"Infradian Rhythms: What They Are and Why They Matter"
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is a rhythm with a period longer than the period of a
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Proceedings of the 1992 Laurentian
Hormone Conference
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growth, and tidal or seasonal rhythms. In contrast,
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331:"A brief history of circannual time"
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298:Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases
188:Mahoney, Patrick (February 2017).
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239:"Growth tracks in dental enamel"
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243:Journal of Human Evolution
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133:www.psychteacher.co.uk
329:Lincoln, G. (2019).
294:"Biological Rhythms"
482:"Circadian Rhythms"
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237:Risnes, S. (1998).
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194:Journal of Anatomy
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