123:, out of the show's 6.6 million viewers, 2.4 million kindergartners regularly watched it. 77% of preschoolers watched it once a week, and 86% of kindergartners, first-, and second-grade students had watched it once a week before starting school. The show reached most young children in almost all demographic groups, most significantly economically disadvantaged children; 88% of children from low-income families and 90% of both African-American and Latino children watched the show before entering kindergarten. Over 80% of children from all minority language groups watched it before starting school. Children from the poorest communities were most likely to be regular viewers, as were younger children. Children whose parents did not read to them regularly were less likely to be regular viewers, and children of highly educated parents stopped viewing earlier than children from disadvantaged households.
431:, there was little criticism of the show in the months following its premiere, but it increased at the end of its first season and beginning of the second season. Lesser put the early criticism into four categories: educational goals, how the goals were chosen and obtained, the show's possible unintended effects, and its portrayal of minorities and women. Historian Robert W. Morrow suggested that much of the early criticism, which he called "surprisingly intense", stemmed from cultural and historical reasons in regards to, as he put it, "the place of children in American society and the controversies about television's effects on them".
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Muppet characters was due to children's viewing styles: girls have tended to become attached to male characters they like, but boys did not tend to form the same attachments to female characters. The show's inventory of material, some of which many feminists found sexist and which were shown over and over, were slowly replaced by new, less sexist segments. As more female
Muppets performers like
273:, who had received more fan mail than any of the show's human hosts, on its cover and declared, " ...It is not only the best children's show in TV history, it is one of the best parents' shows as well". The press overwhelmingly praised the new show; several popular magazines and niche magazines lauded it. A 2010 survey found that most parents supported their children's viewing of
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Cooney admitted that the show's bilingual elements were "not well thought out". By 1971, the CTW hired
Hispanic actors, production staff, and researchers, and by the mid-70s, Morrow reported that "the show included Chicano and Puerto Rican cast members, films about Mexican holidays and foods, and cartoons that taught Spanish words". In 1989,
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and broadcasts in over 120 countries. A 1996 survey found that 95% of all
American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old. In 2006, it was estimated that 75 million Americans had watched the series as children. By the show's 40th anniversary in 2009, it was ranked the
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Morrow credited CTW's commitment to multiculturalism as one source for their conflicts with the leadership of minority groups, especially Latino groups and feminists. These conflicts were resolved when the CTW added or substituted offending segments and characters. By 1977, the cast consisted of two
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In the winter of 1970, partly as a response to criticism that they were not reaching their intended audience, the CTW conducted a poll of four urban neighborhoods in New York, Chicago, and
Washington, D.C. The results of the poll were positive in three out of the four neighborhoods and confirmed the
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premiered in 1969 to high ratings, positive reviews, and some controversy, which have continued during its history. Even though the show aired on only 67% of
American televisions at the time of its premiere, it earned a 3.3 Nielsen rating, or 1.9 million households. By its tenth anniversary in 1979,
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criticized the show for being too wholesome, stating, "The old, the ugly or the unwanted is simply made to disappear through a manhole". He also criticized the show for presenting bland and unrealistic characters, and for failing to teach children about social relationships and how to become a part
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has also been the subjects of many controversies throughout its long run on television. In 1970, a commission in
Mississippi voted to exclude the show from its state educational TV programming. The controversy surrounding the show stemmed from cultural and historical reasons regarding children and
636:. According to co-producer Naila Farouky, "The reaction we got in the US blew me away. I didn't expect people to be so horrible... and hateful and mean". The controversy in the U.S. was short-lived, and died down when the public discovered the facts about the South African co-production, and when
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most vocal critic in the show's early years. He withdrew Head Start's funding of the show, becoming the first of CTW's original investors to do so. Morrow suggested that the basis of Zigler's criticism was concern that the federal government would transfer their funding of Head Start to CTW. Also
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responsible, as well as his organization of all-male puppeteers, who tended to create male characters. The demanding production schedule tended to attract only men, and Henson expressed his opinion that women were incapable of withstanding it. Gikow believed that the difficulty creating breakout
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The networks responded by creating more high-quality television programs, but that many saw them as "appeasement gestures". In spite of the CTW's effectiveness in creating a popular show, commercial television "made only a limited effort to emulate CTW's methods", and did not use a curriculum or
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Latino groups criticized the show for the lack of
Hispanic characters during its early years. A committee of Hispanic activists, commissioned by the CTW in 1970, called Sesame Street "racist" and said that the show's bilingual aspects were of "poor quality and patronizing". According to Morrow,
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The show's ratings significantly decreased in the early 1990s, when children' viewing habits and the television marketplace had changed. In 1969, the choices in children's programming were limited, but the growth of the home-video industry during the 1980s and the boom in children's programming
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occurred slowly. CTW's research staff, which were mostly made up of women, worked with the mostly male production staff to raise their consciousnesses about how women and girls were portrayed in their scripts. Another source of friction between the CTW and feminists were the lack of female
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was not perfect, stated that the show "opened children's TV to taste and wit and substance"... and "made the climate right for improvement". By the end of the show's first season, ratings were high, the song "Rubber Duckie" was on the music charts for nine weeks, and Big Bird appeared on
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that "Mississippi was not yet ready" for the show's integrated cast. Cooney called the commission's decision "a tragedy for both the white and black children of
Mississippi". The Mississippi commission later reversed its decision 22 days later, after the vote had made national news.
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ranked the show number 30 on its list of the 60 best TV series. Sesame
Workshop won a Peabody Award in 2009 for its website, sesamestreet.org, and the show was given Peabody's Institutional Award in 2019 for 50 years of educating and entertaining children globally. As of 2018,
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research "may have conferred a new respectability upon the studies of the effects of visual media upon children". He also believed that the show had the same effect on the prestige in the television industry of producing shows for children. Historian Robert Morrow, in his book
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daily. Its ratings declined in the 1990s, due to societal changes. A survey conducted in 1996 found that by the age of three, 95% of all
American children had watched it. By its fortieth anniversary in 2009, it was ranked the fifteenth most popular children's show.
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is "perhaps the most vigorously researched, vetted, and fretted-over program". By 2001, there were over 1,000 research studies regarding its efficacy, impact, and effect on American culture. Two landmark summative evaluations, conducted by the
541:(NOW) expressed concerns that the show needed to be "less male-oriented". Members of NOW were "rankled by the portrayal of Susan, whom they saw as a subservient, powerless dispenser of milk and cookies". In the spring of 1970,
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reported that "learning to click the remote control has become a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking". The producers responded to these societal changes by making large-scale structural changes to the show.
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during its first two seasons. Both studies found that the show increased the educational gap between poor and middle-class children. Morrow reported that these studies had little impact on the public discussion about
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is "perhaps the most vigorously researched, vetted, and fretted-over program". By 2001, there were over 1,000 research studies regarding its efficacy, impact, and effect on American culture. The CTW solicited the
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fifteenth most popular children's show on television, and by its 50th anniversary in 2019, the show had 100% brand awareness globally. In 2018, the show was the second-highest-rated program on PBS Kids.
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Truglio, Rosemary T.; Valeria O. Lovelace; Ivelesse Segui; Susan Scheiner (2001). "The Varied Role of Formative Research: Case Studies from 30 Years". In Fisch, Shalom M.; Truglio, Rosemarie T. (eds.).
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evaluate what children learned from them. Morrow reported that by the mid-1970s, commercial television abandoned their experiments with creating better children's programming. Other critics hoped that
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predicted that the program would result in "better trained citizens, fewer unemployables in the next generation, fewer people on welfare, and smaller jail populations". By 1995, the show had won two
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had a significant educational impact on its viewers. Additional studies conducted throughout the show's history demonstrated that the show continued to have a positive effect on its young viewers.
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daily. Four out of five children had watched it over a six-week period, and 90% of children from low-income inner-city homes regularly viewed the show. According to a 1993 survey conducted by the
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portrayal of women and girls as passive. In late 1970, the NOW threatened to boycott the show. The show's producers satisfied these critics by making Susan a nurse and by hiring a female writer.
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108:, CTW's first advisory board chair, reported rumors about the show becoming a fad among college students. Its ratings steadily increased for the first five seasons, and Nielsen reported that
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African American women, one of whom was single, two African American men, a Chicano man, two white men, an American Indian woman, a Puerto Rican woman, and a Deaf white woman.
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later years, especially by child development psychologists Jerome and Dorothy G. Singer, who insisted the television shortened children's attention spans, and by author
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also introduced children to a shallow pop culture, undermined American education, and relieved parents of their responsibility of teaching their children how to read.
207:, which chronicled the show's influence on children's television and on the television industry as a whole, reported that many critics of commercial television saw
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Brill developed a solution to the height difference between her and the taller male puppeteers: wearing boots with 4–5 inches of platform glued to the soles.
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voted to exclude to host the show on its state educational TV network owing to concerns over the show's inclusive racial message. A member of the commission told
1910:
Mielke, Keith W. (2001). "A Review of Research on the Educational and Social Impact of Sesame Street". In Fisch, Shalom M. & Truglio, Rosemarie T. (eds.).
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epidemic. It marked the first time AIDS and the goal of confronting the disease's stigma was included in a preschool curriculum. According to the documentary,
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96:, approximately a quarter of all preschoolers watched it regularly. Ninety percent of households who viewed the show had children under the age of six.
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According to Palmer and his colleague Shalom M. Fisch, these studies were responsible for securing funding for the show over the next several years.
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reported that creating strong female characters "that make kids laugh, but not...as female stereotypes" has been a challenge for the producers of
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had the highest ratings of any PBS program. In 1985, the Workshop estimated that 20% of its regular viewers consisted of "adult-only households".
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183:(ETS) to conduct its summative research. ETS' two "landmark" summative evaluations, conducted in 1970 and 1971, demonstrated that
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and have been cited in other studies of the effects of television on young children. Additional studies conducted throughout
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had a significant educational impact on its viewers. These studies provided the majority of the early educational effects of
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Since federal funds had been used to produce the show, more segments of the population insisted upon being represented on
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for its depictions of some groups, but its producers have worked to address their concerns throughout the years. By 2009,
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created a four-year "race relations curriculum" that focused on introducing its viewers to various cultural backgrounds.
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229:, with its depiction of a functioning, multicultural community, would nurture racial tolerance in its young viewers.
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Truglio, Rosemarie T.; Shalom M. Fisch (2001). "Introduction". In Fisch, Shalom M.; Truglio, Rosemarie T. (eds.).
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Hollywood Urban Legends: The Truth Behind All Those Delightfully Persistent Myths of Film, Television and Music
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urban setting as "superficial" and having little to do with the problems confronted by the inner-city child.
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is...with lapses, the most intelligent and important program in television. That is not anything much yet".
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have been the enduring rumors and urban legends surrounding the show and its characters, especially about
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1970:
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Linebarger, Deborah L. (November 2011). "Teaching with television: New evidence supports an old medium".
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By the show's tenth anniversary in 1979, 9 million American children under the age of six were watching
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reported that several newspapers and magazines had written "glowing" reports about CTW and co-creator
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1508:"President Trump wants to cut funding to PBS — here are the times 'Sesame Street' roasted him"
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was also chastised by a Louisiana critic for the presence of strong single women on the show.
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history demonstrated that the show continued to have a positive effect on its young viewers.
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high ratings increased during its second season, and Nielsen reported high audience loyalty.
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and other PBS educational shows, and many educators used them as aides in the classroom.
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920:. U.S. Department of State Bureau of International Information Programs. Archived from
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premiered in 1969, it aired on only 67.6% of American televisions, but it earned a 3.3
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1011:"Leaving the neighborhood: 'Sesame Street' muppets to travel across America next year"
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had become "the most widely viewed children's television show in the world", with 20
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490:, who believed that television could not teach children. Postman claimed that
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was not without its detractors, however. In May 1970, a state commission in
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According to Morrow, change regarding how women and girls were depicted on
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1914:"G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street
1685:"G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street
1077:"G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street
947:"G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street
836:"G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street
678:"G" is For Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street
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Knowlton, Linda Goldstein and Linda Hawkins Costigan (producers) (2006).
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has stated, perhaps one of the strongest indicators of the influence of
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as a "straightforward illustration for reform". Les Brown, a writer for
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The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover
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832:
Enhance School Readiness?: Evidence from a National Survey of Children"
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Sunny Days: The Children's Television Revolution That Changed America
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television's effect on them. Latino and feminists groups criticized
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See Lesser, pp. 175—201 for his response to the early critics of
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1955:
951:. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. p. xvi.
263:. Although the series had been on the air for less than a year,
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according to Morrow, these studies were utilized by critics in
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were conducted by educator Herbert A. Sprigle and psychologist
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9 million American children under the age of six were watching
1870:
Sesame Street: A Celebration—Forty Years of Life on the Street
1073:
Research". In Fisch, Shalom M.; Truglio, Rosemarie T. (eds.).
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Palmer, Edward L.; Shalom M. Fisch (2001). "The Beginnings of
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and prominent minister and conservative political commentator
894:
Weiss, Joanna (October 19, 2005). "New Character Joins PBS".
732:
Brown, Les (December 24, 1969). "Sesame Street: Wunderkind".
838:. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. pp.
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For a discussion of these studies, see: Gikow, pp. 284-285;
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The "most important" studies that found negative effects of
1689:. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. p.
1477:"'Barry,' 'Killing Eve,' 'Pose' Among 2019 Peabody Winners"
1081:. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. p.
339:
1813:"HIV-positive Muppet Appointed as "Champion for Children""
1538:"Mississippi Agency Votes for a TV Ban on 'Sesame Street'"
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praised the Workshop's efforts. Kami went on to be named
609:
427:, Lesser's account of the development and early years of
584:
were hired and trained, stronger female characters like
1941:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
914:"Sesame Street Educates and Entertains Internationally"
221:"a hope for a more substantial future" for television.
88:(CTW), the organization that oversaw the production of
942:
793:"New 'Sesame Street' Star Adds Adoption Topic to Show"
358:. It was the subject of a traveling exhibition by the
1937:
Sesame Street and the Reform of Children's Television
1196:
Seligsohn, Leo. (February 9, 1970). "Sesame Street".
1172:. Franklin Lakes, New Jersey: Career Press. pp.
1068:
834:. In Fisch, Shalom M.; Truglio, Rosemarie T. (eds.).
205:
Sesame Street and the Reform of Children's Television
135:
programming block, which were directly influenced by
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905:
2701:
Children and Television: Lessons from Sesame Street
1918:. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
1891:
Children and Television: Lessons From Sesame Street
608:, caused some controversy in the US when the first
2715:Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street
1934:
1911:
1888:
1872:. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers.
1849:Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street
1846:
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1074:
944:
902:
127:during the '90s on cable channels, like those on
3014:
1424:"TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time"
1422:Fretts, Bruce; Roush, Matt (December 23, 2013).
170:Sesame Street research § Summative research
2536:Sesame Street... 20 Years & Still Counting
865:"Children's TV Catches up with How Kids Watch"
399:and co-founder of the Sesame Workshop, in 1985
1971:
1730:
1728:
1327:"And a Frog Shall Lead Them: Henson's Legacy"
1116:
1114:
1104:
1102:
372:ranked the show number 27 on its list of the
2632:Sesame Street's 50th Anniversary Celebration
2304:One of These Things (Is Not Like the Others)
1776:"Street Smart: How Big Bird & Co. Do It"
1742:
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307:"a hit everywhere it goes". An executive at
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651:'s Champion for Children in November 2003.
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588:were created. As an interesting contrast,
45:(ETS) in 1970 and 1971, demonstrated that
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456:of the society around them. Psychologist
342:, and the Prix Jeunesse award. President
68:, more than any other television series.
2885:Street Gang: How We Got to Sesame Street
1569:
1271:(3). Phi Delta Kappa International: 63.
1203:
978:
965:
912:Friedman, Michael Jay (August 4, 2006).
911:
714:
504:
387:
2878:I Am Big Bird: The Caroll Spinney Story
1801:(documentary). Participant Productions.
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1767:
1487:from the original on September 29, 2019
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862:
84:rating, or 1.9 million households. The
3015:
2544:Big Bird's Birthday or Let Me Eat Cake
1932:
1909:
1886:
1823:from the original on November 12, 2019
1548:from the original on December 10, 2019
1475:Turchiano, Danielle (April 18, 2019).
1430:from the original on September 6, 2016
1222:
1165:
875:from the original on September 3, 2018
791:Rothenberg, Fred (December 23, 1985).
2361:
1959:
1867:
1844:
1506:Jagannathan, Meera (March 16, 2017).
981:"How Sesame Street Changed the World"
893:
346:sent Cooney a congratulatory letter.
247:
16:Overview of Sesame Street's influence
2864:The World According to Sesame Street
2756:The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland
2351:The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland
1799:The World According to Sesame Street
1774:Hellman, Peter (November 23, 1987).
1456:from the original on October 9, 2019
1399:. Associated Press. April 26, 2002.
1223:Kanfer, Stefan (November 23, 1970).
825:
626:The World According to Sesame Street
255:was praised from its debut in 1969.
3028:Television shows in popular culture
2624:Once Upon a Sesame Street Christmas
2584:The Best of Kermit on Sesame Street
1518:from the original on April 10, 2019
1403:from the original on August 2, 2002
1325:Graeber, Laurel (August 18, 2011).
991:from the original on April 12, 2016
336:Public Relations Society of America
36:According to writer Michael Davis,
13:
1017:from the original on June 19, 2020
157:international independent versions
21:The children's television program
14:
3044:
2871:Being Elmo: A Puppeteer's Journey
2552:Sesame Street: 25 Wonderful Years
2488:A Special Sesame Street Christmas
2423:Bert and Ernie's Great Adventures
1985:
374:best television shows of all time
2997:
2996:
638:United Nations Secretary-General
551:objected to what she considered
139:, resulted in lower ratings for
2437:The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo
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979:Guernsey, Lisa (May 23, 2009).
936:
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863:Salamon, Julie (June 9, 2002).
856:
819:
695:
683:
670:
661:
539:National Organization for Women
512:(Luis), who joined the cast of
362:, and a film exhibition at the
326:won twenty awards, including a
2675:Happy Birthday, Cookie Monster
2640:Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate
2480:Christmas Eve on Sesame Street
2227:Snuffy's Parents Get a Divorce
1225:"Who's Afraid of Big, Bad TV?"
810:
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86:Children's Television Workshop
1:
2832:Sesame Street 4-D Movie Magic
1838:
1393:"TV Guide Names Top 50 Shows"
616:, was created in response to
2708:The Sesame Street Dictionary
2560:Sesame Street Stays Up Late!
2214:International co-productions
1853:. New York: Viking Penguin.
654:
600:international co-productions
7:
2986:The Joan Ganz Cooney Center
2791:Elmo's Musical Monsterpiece
2667:Sesame Street Together Book
1895:. New York: Vintage Books.
1544:. May 3, 1970. p. 54.
181:Educational Testing Service
43:Educational Testing Service
10:
3049:
2770:Cookie's Counting Carnival
2600:Elmo's Christmas Countdown
2386:The Muppets Take Manhattan
1933:Morrow, Robert W. (2006).
1887:Lesser, Gerald S. (1974).
1277:10.1177/003172171109300315
1200:. Quoted in Davis, p. 197.
736:. Quoted in Davis, p. 197.
537:. Davis reported that the
487:Amusing Ourselves to Death
287:
167:
121:US Department of Education
71:
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2855:
2807:
2763:Elmo's A-to-Zoo Adventure
2731:
2685:
2650:
2512:A Muppet Family Christmas
2453:
2400:
2334:
2253:
2196:
2055:
1995:
1868:Gikow, Louise A. (2009).
311:, while recognizing that
163:
1381:– via NYTimes.com.
1348:– via NYTimes.com.
1166:Roeper, Richard (2001).
708:
100:show's high viewership.
3033:Cultural impact by work
2981:Kaufman Astoria Studios
2798:Kinect Sesame Street TV
1845:Davis, Michael (2008).
826:Zill, Nicholas (2001).
632:, Sesame Workshop, and
447:. Social scientist and
424:Children and Television
360:Smithsonian Institution
2909:The Jim Henson Company
2694:Sesame Street Magazine
2520:Sesame Street, Special
2504:Don't Eat the Pictures
2464:Julie on Sesame Street
2378:The Great Muppet Caper
1450:"2009 Sesame Workshop"
582:Leslie Carrara-Rudolph
567:, for which they held
517:
400:
356:Parents' Choice Awards
298:
2837:Spaghetti Space Chase
2749:Alpha Beam with Ernie
2297:Monster in the Mirror
1819:. November 24, 2003.
1366:. November 10, 1989.
508:
391:
279:
198:Lesser believed that
2940:Syndication packages
2742:Big Bird's Egg Catch
2568:Elmo Saves Christmas
2233:Wicked Witch episode
1265:The Phi Delta Kappan
467:Head Start director
364:Museum of Modern Art
334:, an award from the
319:The Flip Wilson Show
174:According to Davis,
2892:Jim Henson Idea Man
2784:Once Upon a Monster
2777:Ready, Set, Grover!
2409:Play with Me Sesame
2183:List of guest stars
1755:Morrow, pp. 156—157
1652:Morrow, pp. 157—158
1598:Morrow, pp. 146—147
1566:Lesser, pp. 174—175
1512:New York Daily News
1253:Morrow, pp. 119—120
924:on October 21, 2012
797:The Free Lance-Star
754:Morrow, pp. 142—144
578:Stephanie D'Abruzzo
453:Urie Bronfenbrenner
385:has won 189 Emmys.
2929:Sesame Street Live
2608:Abby in Wonderland
2188:List of puppeteers
2153:Martin P. Robinson
2143:Carol-Lynn Parente
2042:Recurring segments
2000:Fictional location
1452:. Peabody Awards.
1364:The New York Times
1331:The New York Times
612:-positive Muppet,
530:The New York Times
518:
413:The New York Times
401:
348:Dr. Benjamin Spock
248:Critical reception
145:The New York Times
3010:
3009:
2528:Big Bird in Japan
2496:Big Bird in China
2430:Elmo: The Musical
2416:Sesame Beginnings
2396:
2395:
2022:Educational goals
1948:978-0-8018-8230-2
1925:978-0-8058-3394-2
1902:978-0-394-71448-6
1879:978-1-57912-638-4
1860:978-0-670-01996-0
1780:New York Magazine
1700:978-0-8058-3395-9
1360:"WEEKENDER GUIDE"
1183:978-1-56414-554-3
1092:978-0-8058-3395-9
958:978-0-8058-3395-9
849:978-0-8058-3395-9
64:had received 118
3040:
3000:
2999:
2976:Teletape Studios
2616:The Cookie Thief
2370:The Muppet Movie
2359:
2358:
2343:Follow That Bird
2103:Gerald S. Lesser
2073:Joan Ganz Cooney
1980:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1956:
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1929:
1917:
1906:
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1244:
1242:
1240:
1231:. Archived from
1220:
1201:
1198:New York Newsday
1194:
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896:The Boston Globe
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693:
687:
681:
674:
668:
665:
595:In 2003, one of
395:, co-creator of
393:Joan Ganz Cooney
322:. Also in 1970,
261:Joan Ganz Cooney
106:Gerald S. Lesser
3048:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3041:
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3038:
3037:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2990:
2897:
2851:
2803:
2727:
2681:
2646:
2455:
2449:
2392:
2357:
2330:
2276:C Is For Cookie
2249:
2192:
2123:Lloyd Morrisett
2051:
2005:Sesame Workshop
1991:
1984:
1949:
1926:
1903:
1880:
1861:
1841:
1836:
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1261:
1257:
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1248:
1238:
1236:
1235:on June 4, 2011
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675:
671:
666:
662:
657:
605:Takalani Sesame
597:Sesame Street's
553:Sesame Street's
478:Sesame Street's
473:Sesame Street's
462:Sesame Street's
250:
193:Sesame Street's
172:
166:
102:Sesame Street's
74:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3046:
3036:
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2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2444:Mecha Builders
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2402:
2401:U.S. spin-offs
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2356:
2355:
2347:
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2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2318:Sesame's Treet
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
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2235:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:Steve Whitmire
2175:
2170:
2168:Caroll Spinney
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2118:Joey Mazzarino
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
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2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1930:
1924:
1907:
1901:
1884:
1878:
1865:
1859:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1804:
1789:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1736:
1734:Morrow, p. 156
1724:
1715:
1706:
1699:
1672:
1670:Morrow, p. 155
1663:
1661:Morrow, p. 154
1654:
1645:
1636:
1634:Morrow, p. 149
1627:
1625:Morrow, p. 147
1618:
1609:
1607:Morrow, p. 145
1600:
1591:
1589:Morrow, p. 146
1582:
1568:
1559:
1542:New York Times
1529:
1498:
1467:
1441:
1414:
1384:
1351:
1317:
1308:
1306:Morrow, p. 119
1299:
1297:Lesser, p. 165
1290:
1255:
1246:
1202:
1189:
1182:
1158:
1156:Morrow, p. 124
1149:
1147:Morrow, p. 132
1140:
1138:Morrow, p. 130
1131:
1129:Morrow, p. 127
1122:
1120:Morrow, p. 122
1110:
1108:Lesser, p. 235
1098:
1091:
1058:
1046:
1037:
1035:Cooney, p. xii
1028:
1002:
964:
957:
935:
901:
886:
869:New York Times
855:
848:
818:
809:
783:
781:Morrow, p. 118
774:
772:Lesser, p. 170
765:
763:Lesser, p. 205
756:
747:
745:Morrow, p. 117
738:
725:
712:
710:
707:
704:
703:
694:
691:Sesame Street.
682:
680:, pp. 147—230.
669:
659:
658:
656:
653:
510:Emilio Delgado
499:Sesame Street.
458:Leon Eisenberg
440:Thomas D. Cook
352:Peabody Awards
294:The New Yorker
249:
246:
242:Bert and Ernie
234:Richard Roeper
168:Main article:
165:
162:
73:
70:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3045:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:Sesame Street
3021:
3020:
3018:
3005:
3004:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
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2948:
2946:
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2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2921:Sesame Street
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
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2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:Documentaries
2854:
2848:
2847:Safari of Fun
2845:
2843:
2842:Forest of Fun
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
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2813:
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2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:Rubber Duckie
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:Mah Nà Mah Nà
2287:
2284:
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2277:
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2159:
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2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Carmen Osbahr
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Eric Jacobson
2096:
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2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1988:Sesame Street
1981:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1931:
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1818:
1814:
1808:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1746:Gikow, p. 143
1743:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1722:Davis, p. 213
1719:
1713:Gikow, p. 142
1710:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1643:Davis, p. 200
1640:
1631:
1622:
1616:Morrow, p. 98
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1563:
1547:
1543:
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1455:
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1394:
1388:
1373:
1369:
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1361:
1355:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1315:Davis, p. 198
1312:
1303:
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1234:
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1126:
1117:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1071:Sesame Street
1065:
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559:
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544:Boston Globe
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22:
20:
18:
2945:The Muppets
2935:Comic strip
2916:(1999-2002)
2808:Attractions
2733:Video games
2576:Elmopalooza
2454:Television
2269:Bein' Green
2243:discography
2113:Kermit Love
2083:Louise Gold
2078:Ryan Dillon
2068:Kevin Clash
2010:productions
1827:October 10,
1552:October 10,
918:America.gov
879:October 10,
408:Mississippi
376:; in 2013,
366:. In 2002,
301:David Frost
143:. In 2002,
129:Nickelodeon
66:Emmy Awards
3017:Categories
2686:Literature
2592:CinderElmo
2263:Theme song
2197:Production
2173:Matt Vogel
2148:Joe Raposo
2108:Peter Linz
2088:Jim Henson
2063:Fran Brill
2017:Characters
1839:References
1522:October 9,
1491:October 9,
1460:October 9,
1434:October 9,
1407:October 9,
1239:October 8,
641:Kofi Annan
574:Fran Brill
569:Jim Henson
547:columnist
449:Head Start
232:As critic
2923:in the UK
2825:San Diego
2163:Jon Stone
2047:Accolades
2037:Licensing
2032:Influence
1786:(46): 52.
1377:April 30,
1372:0362-4331
1344:April 30,
1339:0362-4331
1285:140369989
655:Footnotes
354:and four
303:declared
269:featured
217:, saw in
151:By 2006,
3003:Category
2963:episodes
2456:specials
2209:Research
2138:Frank Oz
1821:Archived
1546:Archived
1516:Archived
1485:Archived
1454:Archived
1428:Archived
1401:Archived
1397:CBS News
1015:Archived
989:Archived
985:Newsweek
873:Archived
451:founder
378:TV Guide
369:TV Guide
330:, three
271:Big Bird
133:Nick Jr.
2970:Panwapa
2951:Big Bag
2902:Related
2204:History
1481:Variety
840:117–120
734:Variety
565:Muppets
516:in 1971
257:Newsday
214:Variety
82:Nielsen
72:Ratings
2914:Noggin
2678:(1986)
2670:(1971)
2662:(1971)
2643:(2020)
2635:(2019)
2627:(2016)
2619:(2015)
2611:(2008)
2603:(2007)
2595:(1999)
2587:(1998)
2579:(1998)
2571:(1996)
2563:(1993)
2555:(1993)
2547:(1991)
2539:(1989)
2531:(1989)
2523:(1988)
2515:(1987)
2507:(1983)
2499:(1983)
2491:(1978)
2483:(1978)
2475:(1974)
2467:(1973)
2389:(1984)
2381:(1981)
2373:(1979)
2362:Cameos
2354:(1999)
2346:(1985)
2056:People
2027:Format
1945:
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1817:UNICEF
1697:
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580:, and
296:, 1972
164:Effect
2651:Books
2335:Films
2255:Songs
2238:Music
1281:S2CID
1174:48–53
709:Notes
332:Emmys
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2958:Oobi
2325:Sing
1943:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1897:ISBN
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1855:ISBN
1829:2019
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1436:2019
1409:2011
1379:2022
1368:ISSN
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1229:Time
1178:ISBN
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