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Indian Corporate Law Service

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first point of contact for stakeholders of the companies to approach in case of any grievance against the company or its management's conduct. The RoC also has suo-moto powers to conduct inquiry of companies and if deemed necessary, investigation can also be proposed to be carried out, all violations can be brought to book and both civil and criminal prosecution would be initiated. The ROCs are responsible for ensuring that the jurisdictional corporate entities do not use the corporate structure for perpetrating activities that are illegal or against the public and national interest. The ROCs have a major responsibility to keep the corporate registry clean and to ensure that illegal shell companies are identified and taken action against. Off late, the RoCs have been emerging as the primary government agencies working towards punishing errant companies facilitating high-risk equity investing from general public bypassing stock-exchange regulations and in enforcing corporate transparency with impactful actions relating to Significant Beneficial Ownership norms.
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states and Union Territories. The RD has several quasi-judicial powers such as allowing mergers & amalgamation of certain categories of companies, issuing orders for approving shifting of the registered offices of a company and compounding of certain categories of offences committed either by the companies or officers of the companies. Further RD also has the appellate power over the adjudication orders passed by the Registrar of Companies against defaulting companies and their directors. The ICLS officers posted as Assistant Director or Deputy Director or Joint Director conduct and supervise inspections and investigations against the companies under the relevant provisions of the law.
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wound up, bringing the assets of the company to sale via public auction, recovery of debts due to the company, invitation of claims against the company from the creditors, settlement of claims so received, distribution of funds to the creditors and contributories, prosecution of directors of the company in the event of misfeasance and eventual dissolution of the company. Each High court has a liquidator attached to it. It may be noted that, with the implementation of Companies Act 2013, the Official Liquidators would now be attached to National Company Law Tribunals, for all the liquidation matters that are ordered under the new Companies Act, 2013.
2328:(IBC), including its nuances and practical application, to the officers using case studies to illustrate key concepts pertaining to different processes i.e. the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process, Liquidation Process, voluntary liquidation, fast track resolution process, individual insolvency, and individual bankruptcy. The officers are introduced to various components of IBC ecosystem, namely, Adjudicating Authority, Insolvency Professional, Insolvency professional Agencies, Information Utility, Financial Creditors, Operational Creditors, Registered Valuers and Financial Service Providers. 2290:(SEBI), the regulator of the securities markets in India, organized 10 teaching day(s) programme on 'Understanding Securities Laws' for the ICLS Officer Trainee(s). The programme is aimed at capacity building of the officers by providing them with vital inputs on the role of SEBI and about the various regulations governing securities markets. The training programme also includes technical sessions on different topics related to securities markets and mock trading in simulation lab. The training also included visits to Stock Exchanges such as 2353: 313: 25: 2126: 181: 131: 2376: 2365: 2447:, Change of directorship of the company, etc. The RoC has the power to take action against companies that fail to submit requisite documents in time or for production of incorrect/incomplete information. The registered documents are made available to the Shareholders, Investors and the General public at large through an online portal 2429:
The Regional Director supervises the functioning of Registrars of Companies and Official Liquidators that fall within their jurisdiction, and is usually the senior most ICLS Officer in that region. There are seven Regional Directorates spread across the country, each having jurisdiction over multiple
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The office of DGCoA was constituted in 2008. The offices is headed by an ICLS officer of Higher Administrative Grade Scale, assisted by two ICLS Officers designated as Directors (Inspection and Investigation) of Senior Administrative Grade Scale. The office is also entrusted to be overall supervision
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were inducted in the year 2009.The decision to bring the service ICLS into the fold of civil services was instrumental for regulating the complex corporate landscape which is getting evolved day by day. Since 2016, Director General of Corporate Affairs (DGCoA) is the top most bureaucrat from ICLS who
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The ROCs function under the overarching supervision of the Regional Directors, the DGCoA and the administrative control of the Ministry. There are over 2 Million companies registered in India, out of which more than 1.6 Million are reportedly active, and there are over 25 Field offices spread across
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over the various States and Union Territories are vested with the primary duty of registering Companies and Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP) floated in the respective states and the Union Territories and ensuring that such companies and LLPs comply with statutory requirements under the Act, for
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or defined in rules made by the Central Government in exercise of the powers delegated to it through the act. For instance posts like Regional Director, Registrar of Companies, the Official Liquidator, etc. are statutory posts, but posts like the Director General of Corporate Affairs or Director of
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The Official Liquidator is responsible for winding up of the companies that are ordered to be wound up by the Hon'ble High Court under several grounds, the most common being the inability to pay its debts. The winding up process includes taking possession of the assets of a company ordered to be
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at a payment of nominal fee. Corporates functioning in India will have to abide by all statutory requirements and it is the duty cast on the office of the Registrar of Companies to ensure that all norms are followed and that any violations are penalised as per the law. The jurisdictional RoC is
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The ICLS officers posted at the Headquarters discharge various functions such as framing of policies, rules/regulations, issuing notifications and circulars, implementation of e-Governance in the Ministry, handling and supervising legal and court matters, to examine inspections and investigation
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and NUS Business School. To provide greater insight from industry practitioners, NUS Law also invites expert speakers from the private sector to engage with the officers on subjects such as international financings and Indian Companies, Indian Companies & their interaction with international
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The Officers of Indian Corporate Law Service are recruited via two modes - Direct Recruitment and Departmental Promotions. Members belonging to Group B Posts such as Company Prosecutors & Senior Technical Assistants, employed with the Ministry are gradually promoted to ICLS after completely
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for imparting training to the freshly inducted ICLS Officer Trainees in various subjects such as Introductory Accounting, Advanced Accountancy, Advanced Auditing, Corporate Finance and Corporate Valuation, Financial Derivatives and their Accounting, etc. to equip them with the conceptual and
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The Official Liquidators are officers appointed by the Central Government and are attached to various High Courts. The Official Liquidators are under the administrative charge of the respective Regional Directors, who supervise their functioning on behalf of the Ministry.
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Inspection and Investigation are posts created by the Central Government in exercise of its powers. Apart from the traditional roles, ICLS officers in the capacity as ROCs in their respective jurisdiction are members of State Level Coordination Committees,
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Note: The Junior Administrative Grade (Selection Mode) is Non-functional and the maximum number of posts in this grade is equal to 30 percent of the Senior Duty Posts.
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was created to administer the Corporate Sector in India. The service was renamed as Indian Corporate Law Service in 2008 and was brought into the fold of
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Additional Secretary to the Government of India on deputation through Central Staffing Scheme (CSS for AIS & Organised Group A central Service)
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Deputy Secretary to the Government of India on Deputation through Central Staffing Scheme (CSS for AIS & Organised Group A central Services)
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Director to the Government of India on deputation through Central Staffing Scheme (CSS for AIS & organised Group A Central Services)
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as the Company Law Service, it was renamed as Indian Company Law Service in the year 2002. The service functioned under
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In addition to the classroom training the POs are also provided hands on training in various offices across India.
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Designation, Number and Scale of Pay of duty posts included in the various grades of Indian Corporate Law Service
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The designations and time-scales within the Indian Corporate Law Service are as follows after cadre restructure:
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mandated residency period within their own services. The current ratio of two streams is kept at 3:2.
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Deputy Director, Indian Corporate Law Service Academy, Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs, Manesar
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on Deputation through Central Staffing Scheme (CSS) for AIS & Organised Group A central Services)
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Role and functions of all the above-mentioned posts are either defined in the
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https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/LawServiceRulesMiscellaneous_16062015.pdf
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Junior Administrative Grade - Non-functional Selection Grade (JAG - NFSG)
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The Academy has entered into an Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with
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matters relating to the Companies Act, 2013 and LLP Act, 2008.
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Indian Post and Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service
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is equivalent to the post of Secretary to the Union of India.
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Additional General Manager/ General Manager, IEPF Authority
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the country, located in the capital cities of most states.
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The Officers also undergo a 2-3 week foreign study tour at
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1967 (Reconsituted as an Organised Civil Service in 2008)
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Created in the year 1967 as a service to administer the
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Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Headquarters, New Delhi
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for understanding its role as a market regulator; the
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CAO, Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs, Manesar
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practical knowledge as well as necessary skill set.
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The first batch of Officers recruited through 2443:instance periodic filing of Annual Returns and 2433: 2333:National University of Singapore Faculty of Law 3870:Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers 3864:Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers 2412:reports and issuing appropriate orders, etc. 3695: 2796:Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority 2416:Director General of Corporate Affairs (DGCoA) 2157: 3709: 2472: 2286:, a public trust established in 2006 by the 344:Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and 3500:Prasad, Gireesh Chandra (4 December 2023). 2459: 2356:ICLS Officers paying courtesy visit to the 2315:Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2240: 2206:The Limited liability Partnership Act, 2008 1861:Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India 3876:Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers 3702: 3688: 2568:Joint secretary to the Government of India 2557:Director of Inspection & Investigation 2341:Singapore International Arbitration Centre 2164: 2150: 4064:Provincial Police Service (Uttar Pradesh) 4041:Provincial Forest Service (Uttar Pradesh) 2763:Assistant General Manager, IEPF Authority 1013:National Judicial Appointments Commission 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 4000:Provincial Civil Service (Uttar Pradesh) 3972:Jammu and Kashmir Administrative Service 2401:Regional Economic Intelligence Committee 2379:ICLS Officers with the officials of the 2374: 2363: 2351: 2322:Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India 2280:National Institute of Securities Markets 1508:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 4099:Provincial Finance and Accounts Service 4070:Provincial Police Service (Uttarakhand) 4047:Provincial Forest Service (Uttarakhand) 3852:Indian Railway Protection Force Service 293:This article is part of a series on the 4159: 4006:Provincial Civil Service (Uttarakhand) 3499: 2713:Deputy General Manager, IEPF Authority 2288:Securities and Exchange Board of India 2254:The ICLS Academy, located at Manesar, 2049:State Visits by Indian Prime Ministers 250:Regulator of Corporate Sector in India 45:Please improve this article by adding 3683: 2508:Director General of Corporate Affairs 2424: 2260:Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs 1541:Proposed states and union territories 198:Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs 3994:Provincial Civil Service (Jharkhand) 2639:Joint Director/Additional Director, 2326:Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 18: 3918:Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax) 3858:Indian Railway Service of Engineers 3810:Indian Defence Service of Engineers 3768:Central Engineering Service (Roads) 2575:Technical Member in Tribunals like 2562:Director of Legal & Prosecution 2518:Technical Member in Tribunals like 13: 2348:other critical regulatory matters. 811:Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 311: 14: 4188: 3846:Indian Railway Management Service 3834:Indian Ordnance Factories Service 3780:Indian Audit and Accounts Service 3658: 2840:"Training and Consultancy | SRCC" 2614:Junior Administrative Grade (JAG) 2547:Senior Administrative Grade (SAG) 2503:Higher Administrative Grade (HAG) 1622:Lieutenant Governor/Administrator 1018:National Legal Services Authority 727:Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs 16:Government of India Civil Service 4012:Rajasthan Administrative Service 3982:Karnataka Administrative Service 3930:Indian Telecommunication Service 3894:Indian Railway Personnel Service 2736:Assistant Registrar of Companies 2186:Central Civil Services (Group A) 2124: 179: 129: 23: 3936:Indian Radio Regulatory Service 3888:Indian Railway Accounts Service 3798:Indian Defence Accounts Service 3643: 3629: 3615: 3589: 3563: 3537: 3519: 3493: 3467: 3441: 3415: 3389: 3363: 3330: 3297: 3272: 3246: 3220: 3195: 3169: 3143: 3117: 3091: 3065: 3039: 2389: 2249: 4105:Provincial Secretariat Service 4093:Provincial Development Service 3965:Gujarat Administrative Service 3900:Indian Railway Traffic Service 3804:Indian Defence Estates Service 3013: 2987: 2961: 2936: 2911: 2883: 2857: 2832: 2815: 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General 124:Indian Corporate Law Service 7: 3774:Central Secretariat Service 3762:Central Engineering Service 2783: 2755:Senior Assistant Director, 2188:and it functions under the 1569:Community Development Block 1145:Vice Presidential elections 1050:Chief Election Commissioner 939:Ministry of Law and Justice 816:Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 346:Fundamental Duties of India 208:Cadre Controlling Authority 10: 4193: 4117:Rajasthan Accounts Service 4076:West Bengal Police Service 3924:Indian Statistical Service 3828:Indian Information Service 2690:Deputy Official Liquidator 2368:ICLS Officers outside the 2358:High Commissioner of India 2234:Civil Services Examination 2230:Civil Services Examination 2211: 4138: 4129:West Bengal Legal Service 4085: 4056: 4033: 4024:West Bengal Civil Service 3951: 3746: 3715: 2473:Hierarchical Designations 1088:State Election Commission 856:Dhananjaya Y. 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Archived from 3523: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3471: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2895: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2819: 2495:Number of posts 2483: 2479: 2305:Analytics using 2200:(now repealed), 2166: 2159: 2152: 2131:India portal 2129: 2128: 2127: 2098:Look East policy 2062:Kashmir Conflict 1797:Cabinet Minister 1780: 1711:Local Government 1594: 1386:Himachal Pradesh 1316: 1294:National parties 1033: 973:R. Venkataramani 965:Attorney-General 781: 736:Cabinet Minister 641:Jagdeep Dhankhar 505: 419:Jagdeep Dhankhar 381: 327: 304: 300: 294: 288: 287: 277:T. V. Somanathan 185: 183: 182: 138:Service Overview 133: 126: 122: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4134: 4081: 4052: 4029: 3975: 3947: 3742: 3711: 3708: 3661: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3554: 3552: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3533:on 9 July 2015. 3527:"ROC LOCATIONS" 3525: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3458: 3456: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3352: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3260:. 14 March 2024 3258:Telegraph India 3252: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3183:. 25 March 2023 3175: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3079:. 29 April 2024 3071: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3004: 3002: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2790:Companies House 2786: 2475: 2462: 2436: 2427: 2418: 2409: 2392: 2346:capital markets 2311:Fraud Detection 2252: 2243: 2214: 2170: 2141: 2137:Other countries 2125: 2123: 2118: 2117: 2087: 2058: 2016: 2012:Pacific Islands 1988: 1903: 1873:Nationality law 1869: 1848: 1831: 1809: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1770: 1769: 1760:Block Panchayat 1742: 1713: 1668: 1604: 1596: 1592: 1584: 1583: 1545: 1537: 1485: 1331: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1305: 1270: 1226: 1199: 1167: 1140: 1113: 1098: 1084: 1062: 1043: 1035: 1031: 1023: 1022: 1004: 994: 977: 960: 941: 931:Other tribunals 921:Nyaya Panchayat 873: 869:Bar Association 860: 836: 820: 791: 783: 779: 771: 770: 748: 729: 706: 684: 662: 645: 626: 600: 578: 556: 539: 520: 507: 503: 495: 494: 467: 450: 428: 406: 383: 379: 371: 370: 356:Judicial review 345: 329: 325: 302: 292: 180: 178: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 44: 40:primary sources 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4190: 4180: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4044: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3968: 3962: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3752: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3721: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3699: 3692: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3659:External links 3657: 3654: 3653: 3642: 3628: 3614: 3588: 3562: 3551:. 12 July 2018 3536: 3518: 3492: 3481:. 14 June 2024 3466: 3440: 3414: 3388: 3375:Business Today 3362: 3329: 3296: 3284:www.pib.gov.in 3271: 3245: 3219: 3194: 3168: 3155:Times of India 3142: 3116: 3090: 3064: 3053:. 7 April 2024 3038: 3025:Economic Times 3012: 2986: 2960: 2935: 2923:law.nus.edu.sg 2910: 2882: 2871:. 14 July 2022 2856: 2831: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2753: 2751: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2629:Joint Director 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2573: 2571: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2529: 2527: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2493: 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1692: 1691: 1681: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1634:Chief Minister 1631: 1630: 1629: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1597: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1544: 1543: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1406:Madhya Pradesh 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1346:Andhra Pradesh 1342: 1341: 1333: 1332: 1322: 1319: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1269: 1268: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1176:Constituencies 1166: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1061: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1045: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1029: 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Jaishankar 1803: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1774: 1773: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1588: 1587: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1564:Sub-districts 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1471:Uttar Pradesh 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1310: 1309: 1300: 1299:State parties 1297: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1075:Gyanesh Kumar 1073: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 1000: 996: 995: 991: 988: 987: 984: 983: 979: 978: 974: 971: 970: 967: 966: 962: 961: 957: 954: 953: 950: 949: 945: 944: 940: 936: 935: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 900: 897: 895: 892: 888: 885: 884: 883: 880: 878: 875: 874: 870: 867: 865: 862: 861: 857: 854: 853: 850: 848: 844: 843:Chief Justice 840: 839: 835: 831: 830: 827: 826: 822: 821: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 803: 800: 799: 795: 794: 790: 786: 785: 782: 775: 774: 767: 764: 762: 759: 758: 755: 754: 750: 749: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 733: 732: 728: 724: 723: 720: 717: 716: 713: 712: 708: 707: 702: 698: 695: 694: 691: 690: 686: 685: 680: 676: 673: 672: 669: 668: 664: 663: 659: 656: 655: 652: 651: 647: 646: 642: 639: 638: 635: 634: 630: 629: 624: 620: 616: 615: 611: 610: 607: 606: 602: 601: 596: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 580: 579: 574: 570: 569:Narendra Modi 567: 566: 563: 562: 558: 557: 553: 550: 549: 546: 545: 541: 540: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 524: 523: 518: 514: 510: 509: 506: 499: 498: 489: 486: 485: 484: 481: 477: 474: 473: 472: 469: 468: 464: 461: 460: 457: 456: 452: 451: 446: 442: 441:Narendra Modi 439: 438: 435: 434: 430: 429: 424: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 408: 407: 402: 398: 395: 394: 391: 390: 386: 385: 382: 375: 374: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 328: 321: 320: 314: 310: 309: 305: 299: 298: 295: 290: 289: 282: 278: 275: 273: 269: 266: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 242: 241:Civil Service 238: 235: 231: 227: 224: 220: 217: 213: 210: 206: 203: 199: 195: 191: 188: 177: 173: 170: 166: 163: 159: 155: 153: 149: 145: 141: 136: 132: 127: 121: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: â€“  59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 42: 41: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 3970: 3791: 3645: 3631: 3617: 3605:. 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