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provide shelter and other benefits to newborn or under-yearling sharks. Subcriterion C2 - Feeding Areas are areas important for shark nutrition during one or more life cycle stages. Subcriterion C3 - Resting Areas are areas important for energy conservation in sharks and are often related to environmental conditions or temporal factors. Subcriterion C4 - Movement are areas regularly or predictably used by sharks during movements, such as migrations, which contribute to the connectivity of important areas. Subcriterion C5 - Indefinite
Aggregations are areas where regular and/or predictable aggregations or groupings of sharks occur, year-round or seasonally, but their function is currently unknown.
123:
224:
200:
261:, over one third of chondrichthyans are currently estimated to be threatened with extinction. Over the past century, fishing has had a significant and cumulative impact on chondrichthyans and this threat has been exacerbated by habitat loss and climate change. Threat levels are highest in coastal areas where 75% of threatened species are found. This makes sharks one of the most threatened taxa in the marine environment, second only to amphibians globally.
208:
ensure comparability between ISRAs at national, regional, and international scales. The criteria are designed to cover important aspects of shark biology (e.g., age, growth and reproduction), ecology and population structure, and include multiple aspects of species vulnerability, distribution and movement patterns, abundances, specific habitat requirements and key life-cycle activities, as well as areas of high diversity and endemism.
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24:
102:. This makes the ISRA identification process completely independent of political pressures. The main objective of ISRA is to attract the attention of politicians and decision-makers to the need to maintain a favourable conservation status of sharks in those specific areas, through the implementation of appropriate management measures, which could include the designation of a
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are important areas for sharks, rays and/or chimaeras where they carry out key functions throughout their life cycle (including reproduction, feeding, resting, movement or indefinite aggregations). Sub-criterion C1 - Reproductive Areas are important areas for mating, giving birth, laying eggs or that
248:
are areas important for sharks that are considered distinctive for biological, behavioral, or ecological attributes (unique or associated with a unique habitat type), or that support significant species diversity. Subcriterion D1 - Distinctive are areas where sharks display distinctive biological,
207:
The identification of ISRAs is achieved through the application of scientifically-based criteria. The definition of these ISRA criteria is of vital importance for the effectiveness of the tool in terms of its application, standardization and consistency across all identified areas, as well as to
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There are four criteria for a marine habitat to be considered an ISRA, which are related to its vulnerability, its three-dimensional geographic distribution, its life history, and special attributes of the species. Once the ISRA zones are approved and declared, they are incorporated into an
48:
130:
As of May 2024, 499 ISRAs, 19 Candidate ISRAs and 132 Areas of
Interest have been identified. Candidate ISRAs and Areas of Interest are areas where more information is needed but have the potential to become ISRAs.
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214:
are important areas for the persistence and recovery of sharks, rays, and/or chimaeras that are endangered according to the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species or national listings.
220:
are areas that contain the regular and/or predictable presence of sharks, rays and/or chimaeras with a restricted distribution and that are occupied permanently or seasonally.
321:
178:
At the first regional workshop, October 2022, the ISRA project team and local specialists identified 65 ISRAs in the
Pacific region of Central and South America (from the
107:
633:
878:
295:
98:
The identification of ISRA is a purely biocentric, fact-based process founded on the application of scientific criteria supported by the best available
792:
Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
134:
ISRAs are identified through an expert-led process planned over a series of 13 regional workshops covering global waters. The thirteen regions are:
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88:
38:
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716:
372:
608:"La IUCN reconoce el valor de 14 áreas costeras del Mediterráneo español como de especial importancia para tiburones y rayas"
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behavioral, or ecological characteristics. Subcriterion D2 - Diversity are areas that contain significant shark diversity.
188:
At the third regional workshop, September 2023, 125 ISRAs have been identified for the
Western Indian Ocean region.
92:
87:) and have the potential to be managed for conservation. This project is led by the Shark Specialist Group of the
441:
Hyde CA, Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Sorrentino L, Boyd C, Finucci B, Fowler SL, et al. (September 13, 2022).
185:
At the second regional workshop, May 2023, 65 ISRAs were identified for the
Mediterranean and Black Sea region.
397:
Kyne PM, Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Morera AB, Charles R, RodrĂguez EG, Fernando D, et al. (March 9, 2023).
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in Mexico to southern Chile, including the oceanic islands of
Revillagigedo, Easter Island, among others).
525:
Jabado RW, GarcĂa-RodrĂguez E, Kyne PM, Charles R, Gonzalez
Pestana A, Priest M, et al. (March 2023).
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Jabado RW, GarcĂa-RodrĂguez E, Kyne PM, Charles R, Armstrong AH, Bortoluzzi JR, et al. (March 2023).
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883:
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Jabado RW, GarcĂa-RodrĂguez E, Kyne PM, Charles R, Bettcher V, Armstrong AH, et al. (July 2024).
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Jabado RW, Kyne PM, Garcia-Rodriguez E, Charles R, Armstrong AH, Mouton TL, et al. (March 2023).
560:"CientĂficos identifican 65 zonas importantes para la supervivencia de tiburones entre MĂ©xico y Chile"
275:
53:
838:
79:) are discrete three-dimensional portions of habitat that are important for one or more species of
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ISRAs are identified through an expert-led process planned over a series of 13 regional workshops.
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Dulvy NK, Pacoureau N, Rigby CL, Pollom RA, Jabado RW, Ebert DA, et al. (November 8, 2021).
346:
270:
484:"First map of Important Shark and Ray Areas released – The Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative"
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Chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) face a global extinction crisis. According to the
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At the fourth regional workshop, January 2024, 122 ISRAs were identified for the Asia region.
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743:"Overfishing drives over one-third of all sharks and rays toward a global extinction crisis"
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527:"Central and South American Pacific: A regional compendium of Important Shark and Ray Areas"
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754:
443:"Putting sharks on the map: A global standard for improving shark area-based conservation"
8:
99:
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179:
634:"Dos zonas del Mediterráneo español son declaradas zona de importancia para tiburones"
575:"Mediterranean and Black Seas: A regional compendium of Important Shark and Ray Areas"
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420:
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762:
697:
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399:"Important Shark and Ray Areas: a new tool to optimize spatial planning for sharks"
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322:"Important Shark And Ray Areas Delineated In The Mediterranean And Black Seas"
872:
526:
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296:"The Important Shark and Ray Areas of the Central and South American Pacific"
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Western Indian Ocean: A regional compendium of
Important Shark and Ray Areas
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776:
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or other area-based management measures. The project is funded by the
504:
43:
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Asia: A regional compendium of Important Shark and Ray Areas
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717:"122 Important Shark and Ray Areas identified in Asia"
373:"122 Important Shark and Ray Areas identified in Asia"
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to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
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Hammerhead shark aggregation in the Galapagos Islands
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879:International Union for Conservation of Nature
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89:International Union for Conservation of Nature
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159:Australian and South-Eastern Indian Ocean
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218:Criterion B - Restricted Distribution
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147:North America and Caribbean Atlantic
114:electronic map on the project page.
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259:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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837:needs additional or more specific
171:Central and South American Pacific
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246:Criterion D - Special Attributes
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638:IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group
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347:"Important Shark and Ray Areas"
300:IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group
165:New Zealand and Pacific Islands
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1:
696:. IUCN SSC Shark Specialist.
664:. IUCN SSC Shark Specialist.
614:(in Spanish). August 25, 2023
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174:South American Inland Waters.
73:Important Shark and Ray Areas
715:Steinhoff N (May 22, 2024).
371:Steinhoff N (May 22, 2024).
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482:Gunn V (February 7, 2023).
447:Frontiers in Marine Science
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212:Criterion A - Vulnerability
144:Mediterranean and Black Sea
93:Species Survival Commission
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539:10.59216/ssg.isra.2023.r12
231:Criterion C - Life History
768:10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.062
702:10.59216/ssg.isra.2023.r7
670:10.59216/ssg.isra.2023.r7
587:10.59216/ssg.isra.2023.r3
579:IUCN SSC Shark Specialist
531:IUCN SSC Shark Specialist
460:10.3389/fmars.2022.968853
416:10.1017/S0030605322001624
276:List of threatened sharks
351:Save Our Seas Foundation
612:industriaspesqueras.com
271:List of threatened rays
150:South American Atlantic
108:Shark Conservation Fund
37:, as no other articles
800:10.5281/zenodo.3831673
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168:North American Pacific
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790:IPBES (May 4, 2019).
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104:marine protected area
753:(21): 4773–4787.e8.
156:Western Indian Ocean
759:2021CBio...31E4773D
241:Eagle ray feeding.
100:scientific evidence
889:Shark conservation
884:Cartilaginous fish
253:Importance of ISRA
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180:Gulf of California
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83:(sharks, rays and
56:for suggestions.
46:to this page from
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54:Find link tool
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858:August 2024
61:August 2024
873:Categories
839:categories
794:(Report).
489:August 11,
382:August 11,
356:August 11,
331:August 11,
305:August 11,
282:References
52:; try the
39:link to it
469:2296-7745
425:0030-6053
85:chimaeras
42:. Please
846:help out
777:34492229
726:June 20,
675:July 10,
643:June 20,
618:June 20,
592:July 10,
544:July 10,
510:June 20,
265:See also
844:Please
817:Website
755:Bibcode
91:(IUCN)
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467:
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326:Forbes
35:orphan
33:is an
773:PMID
728:2024
677:2024
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546:2024
512:2024
491:2024
465:ISSN
421:ISSN
403:Oryx
384:2024
358:2024
333:2024
307:2024
162:Asia
77:ISRA
848:by
796:doi
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