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39:
31:
83:
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119:
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75:
91:
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There is substantial graphic variation in the
Iberian glyphs, and over the past several decades many scholars have come to believe that, at least in northeastern Iberian script (and recently also in Celtiberian script) some of this variation is meaningful. It appears that the original simple letters
389:
for convenience and based on broad similarities, but their relationships to each other and to neighboring contemporaneous scripts, such as Greco-Iberian, are not firmly established. It is generally accepted that they were derived at least partly from the
271:
the decipherment of the southeastern
Iberian script is not still closed, because there are a significant group of signs without consensus value. The southeastern inscriptions have been found mainly in the southeastern quadrant of Iberia: Eastern
402:. Some researchers conclude that the origin of the northern and southern Iberian scripts ultimately lies solely with the Phoenician alphabet; others believe the Greek alphabet also played a role; others still have suggested influences from
427:, though the letter arguably had the value of /be/ in southern Iberian. However, it is clear that they had a common origin, and the most commonly accepted hypothesis is that the northeastern script derives from the southeastern script.
296:
were assigned specifically to the voiced consonants /b/, /d/, /g/, whereas the voiceless consonants /t/ and /k/ were derived from /d/ and /g/ syllables with the addition of a stroke. (This is the so-called
267:
The southeastern
Iberian script is poorly attested, and there are some gaps in the records: There are no positively identified symbols for /gu/, /do/, and /m/, for example. Unlike the
174:. The oldest Iberian inscriptions date to the 4th or possibly the 5th century BCE, and the latest from end of the 1st century BCE or possibly the beginning of the 1st century CE.
593:
406:. It appears that either the glyphs themselves were changed, or that they assumed new values. For example, the southern glyph for /e/ derives from Phoenician
538:
328:
like /l/, /m/, and vowels) were written with distinct letters, as in
Phoenician (or in Greek in the case of the vowels), but the non-continuants (the
300:
model: see the image at right). If correct, this innovation would parallel the creation of the Latin letter G from C by the addition of a stroke.
697:
860:
446:
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248:, because it is the script of 95% of known Iberian inscriptions. These have been found mainly in the northeastern quadrant of the
737:
1046:
875:
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747:
742:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
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In the sense that the
Iberian scripts are the scripts created for the Iberians to represent the Iberian language, the
1020:
628:
550:
702:
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17:
969:
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527:«Representación gråfica de la oposición de sonoridad en las oclusivas ibéricas (semisilabario levantino)»
268:
234:
199:
186:
804:
123:
114:
Possible values of the southeastern
Iberian signary (Correa 2004). In red are the most debatable signs.
1051:
1015:
110:
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772:
608:«Sobre la notación en la escritura ibérica del modo de articulación de las consonantes oclusivas»,
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43:
584:«El nuevo plomo inscrito de Castell y el problema de las oposiciones de sonoridad en ibérico»,
309:
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38:
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159:
30:
82:
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253:
238:
55:
8:
650: : Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, Wiesbaden. (1975): I Die MĂŒnzlegenden. (1980):
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Novetats sobre el sistema dual de diferenciaciĂł grĂ fica de les oclusives sordes i sonores
395:
364:
321:
226:
222:
67:
59:
51:
647:
974:
823:
230:
102:
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THE OLDEST WESTERN COMMERCIAL DATABASE: THE LEAD PLAQUE OF LA BASTIDA DE LES ALCUSES
624:
403:
249:
999:
838:
436:
163:
47:
289:
86:
The proposed 'dual' variant of northeastern
Iberian (Based on Ferrer i Jané 2005)
610:
Studia
Palaeohispanica et IndogermĂĄnica J. Untermann ab Amicis Hispanicis Oblata
142:
118:
938:
923:
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368:
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733:"On the Story of the Decipherment of Iberian Writing" by JesĂșs RodrĂguez Ramos
1035:
964:
466:
312:, the Iberian scripts are typologically unusual, in that they were partially
367:, whereas the northeastern script reversed this to left to right, as in the
336:
glyphs that represented both consonant and vowel together, as with
Japanese
994:
698:
Los primeros sistemas de escritura en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica (Course program)
419:
182:
There are two main graphic as well as geographic variants in the family:
74:
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171:
508:
Anderson, James M. (1988) Ancient
Languages of the Hispanic Peninsula.
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IV Die tartessischen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften
489:
Ferrer, J., Moncunill, N., Velaza, J., & Anderson, D. (2017).
898:
424:
414:
127:
738:
Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BCE)
984:
277:
225:, very similar to southeastern Iberian script but used for the
218:
90:
363:
The southeastern script was written right to left, as was the
191:
Dual variant (4th century BCE and 3rd century BCE) (tentative)
893:
399:
244:
The northeastern Iberian script is often known simply as the
147:
989:
409:
337:
261:
166:. Most of them are typologically unusual in that they are
34:
Iberian scripts in the context of Paleohispanic scripts
194:
Non-dual variant (2nd century BCE and 1st century BCE)
46:. Light green (along the Mediterranean coast) is the
213:, was also an Iberian script. It was used mainly in
586:Symbolae Ludouico Mitxelena septuagenario oblatae
514:«Los semisilabarios ibéricos: algunas cuestiones»
356:This possibly unique writing system is called a "
1033:
672:«La escritura en la penĂnsula ibĂ©rica antigua»,
652:II Die iberischen Inschriften aus Sudfrankreicht
332:/b/, /d/, /t/, /g/, and /k/) were written with
58:, light blue (mainly northern Portugal) is the
50:, dark grey (mainly southern Portugal) is the
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398:, with which they share many similar-looking
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492:Proposal to encode the Palaeohispanic script
417:, whereas northern /e/ resembles Phoenician
599:EpigrafĂa prelatina de la penĂnsula ibĂ©rica
787:
773:
748:EXAMPLES OF LEVANTINE IBERIAN INSCRIPTIONS
657:III Die iberischen Inschriften aus Spanien
447:Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
753:THE EVOLUTION OF LEVANTINE IBERIAN SCRIPT
556:«De Epigrafia ibérica: el plomo de Alcoy»
106:A northeastern Iberian signary (not dual)
674:La escritura y el libro en la antigĂŒedad
162:that were used to represent the extinct
141:
133:
117:
109:
101:
89:
81:
73:
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859:Languages by writing system /
42:The Iberian language in the context of
14:
1034:
385:The Iberian scripts are classified as
768:
260:, but with a deep penetration on the
728:Tartessian / South-Lusitanian Script
794:
241:, are technically Iberian scripts.
54:, dark blue (central Spain) is the
24:
866:Ancient languages corpuses by size
150:) using the Greco-Iberian alphabet
25:
1068:
691:
637:«La escritura ibérica meridional»
209:, a separate adaptation of the
130:) using the southeastern signary
743:Links to images of inscriptions
634:RodrĂguez Ramos, JesĂșs (2002):
617:RodrĂguez Ramos, JesĂșs (2004):
340:. That is, in written Iberian,
483:
459:
252:, mostly along the coast from
13:
1:
605:Quintanilla, Alberto (1993):
562:Revista de filologĂa española
524:Correa, José Antonio (1992):
511:Correa, José Antonio (2004):
502:
233:, a direct adaptation of the
146:Lead plaque from la Serreta (
1047:Undeciphered writing systems
871:Undeciphered writing systems
571:«La escritura greco-ibérica»
344:displayed no resemblance to
7:
876:Creators of writing systems
684:EpigrafĂa y lengua ibĂ©ricas
620:AnĂĄlisis de EpigrafĂa Ăbera
537:Ferrer i Jané, Joan (2005)
430:
303:
269:northeastern Iberian script
235:northeastern Iberian script
200:Southeastern Iberian script
187:Northeastern Iberian script
177:
10:
1073:
805:Index of language articles
678:, Madrid, pp. 95â114.
378:
374:
124:La Bastida de les Alcusses
62:, and dark green (Eastern
1008:
957:
884:
847:
811:
802:
713:Meridional Iberian Script
671:
607:
583:
138:A Greco-Iberian alphabet.
861:by first written account
708:Levantine Iberian Script
703:Ancient Scripts â Iberia
623:, Vitoria-Gasteiz 2004,
467:"Paleohispanic keyboard"
452:
221:. Likewise, neither the
1057:Paleohispanic languages
829:History of the alphabet
681:Velaza, Javier (1996):
669:Velaza, Javier (2004):
594:Maluquer de Motes, Joan
581:Hoz, Javier de (1985):
568:Hoz, Javier de (1987):
44:Paleohispanic languages
683:
662:
656:
636:
619:
598:
578:2â3, pp. 285â298.
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561:
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526:
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310:Greco-Iberian alphabet
207:Greco-Iberian alphabet
151:
139:
131:
115:
107:
99:
98:using the dual signary
87:
79:
78:Paleohispanic Keyboard
71:
35:
644:55, pp. 231â245.
534:14, pp. 253â292.
442:Paleohispanic scripts
387:Paleohispanic scripts
381:Paleohispanic scripts
352:had no connection to
160:Paleohispanic scripts
145:
137:
121:
113:
105:
93:
85:
77:
41:
33:
718:Greek Iberian Script
551:GĂłmez-Moreno, Manuel
547:5, pp. 957â982.
324:sounds like /s/ and
254:Languedoc-Roussillon
239:Celtiberian language
56:Celtiberian language
614:, pp. 239â250.
590:, pp. 443â453.
396:Phoenician alphabet
365:Phoenician alphabet
227:Tartessian language
223:southwestern script
170:rather than purely
68:Aquitanian language
60:Lusitanian language
52:Tartessian language
970:Canadian syllabics
839:Scripts in Unicode
824:History of writing
723:Celtiberian Script
565:9, pp. 34â66.
521:4, pp. 75â98.
231:Celtiberian script
152:
140:
132:
116:
108:
100:
88:
80:
72:
36:
1029:
1028:
1021:In Southeast Asia
648:Untermann, JĂŒrgen
250:Iberian Peninsula
122:Lead plaque from
94:Lead plaque from
16:(Redirected from
1064:
1052:Celtic languages
958:Current examples
939:Semi-syllabaries
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164:Iberian language
48:Iberian language
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18:Iberian alphabet
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320:: Continuants (
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392:Greek alphabet
379:Main article:
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369:Greek alphabet
358:semi-syllabary
316:and partially
308:Excepting the
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211:Greek alphabet
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934:Pictographic
929:Phonogrammic
687:, Barcelona.
673:
651:
641:
609:
602:, Barcelona.
585:
575:
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531:
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474:. Retrieved
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341:
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307:
298:dual signary
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153:
949:Syllabaries
919:Logographic
914:Ideogrammic
1036:Categories
980:Devanagari
660:. (1997):
654:. (1990):
503:References
476:2024-04-04
471:keyman.com
404:Old Italic
314:alphabetic
229:, nor the
172:alphabetic
1016:In Africa
1000:Mongolian
944:Shorthand
904:Alphabets
834:Graphemes
423:or Greek
413:or Greek
326:sonorants
322:fricative
274:Andalusia
96:Ullastret
66:) is the
909:Featural
899:Abugidas
819:Language
812:Overview
642:Zephyrus
596:(1968):
553:(1922):
431:See also
334:syllabic
318:syllabic
304:Typology
290:Valencia
286:Alicante
282:Albacete
264:valley.
258:Alicante
215:Alicante
178:Variants
158:are the
64:Pyrenees
975:Chinese
924:Numeral
394:and/or
375:Origins
128:Moixent
985:Hangul
965:Arabic
894:Abjads
627:
576:Veleia
400:glyphs
288:, and
278:Murcia
219:Murcia
995:Latin
886:Types
848:Lists
453:Notes
330:stops
148:Alcoi
990:Kana
625:ISBN
532:AIΩN
519:ELEA
410:ayin
348:and
338:kana
262:Ebro
217:and
154:The
360:".
354:bo.
346:ge,
256:to
1038::
640:,
574:,
559:,
543:,
530:,
517:,
469:.
420:he
371:.
350:bi
342:ga
292:.
284:,
280:,
276:,
788:e
781:t
774:v
666:.
631:.
495:.
479:.
425:Î
415:Î
408:â
126:(
70:.
20:)
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